Still working to recover. Please don't edit quite yet.

Difference between revisions of "censorship"

From Anarchopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
m (Reverted edits by 207.44.238.95 (Talk); changed back to last version by Rev 22)
Line 1: Line 1:
:''This article is about legal limits to human expression.  For other uses, see [[#Disambiguation|Disambiguation]]''.
+
[http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/volo-aereo/ volo aereo bologna catania] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/stay-whit.htm stay whit me] [http://rimarsh.t35.com/images/small/eliminate.htm eliminate] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/asus-ave/ asus a8v-e deluxe pci express] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/opel-astra.htm opel astra km zero] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/don-t.htm don t cry alt] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/the-love.htm the love] [http://thegoogly.somee.com/view/new/transmeta-crusoe.htm transmeta crusoe tm-5800] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/soul-makossa.htm soul makossa] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/il-padrone/ il padrone della ferriera] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/www-wwe.htm www wwe wrestling rav com] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/provini-per/ provini per nuove letterine] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/www-nasha/ www nasha aziz com] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/wade-robson.htm wade robson] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/sexyshop/ sexyshop] [http://peter-land.somee.com/images/small/video-gratis.htm video gratis oggi] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/walk-book/ walk book] [http://coarmago.freeweb7.com/library/html/dia-de.htm dia de la independencia] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/gli-italiani/ gli italiani e le vacanze] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/vittorio-zucconi/ vittorio zucconi libri] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/naido/ naido] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/foto-incidente/ foto incidente lady diana] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/chasey-lain.htm chasey lain] [http://nationavce.somee.com/library/html/man-etnologia/ man (etnologia)] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/riscaldamenti/ riscaldamenti] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/sian/ sian] [http://fawarfo.freeweb7.com/topic/ricette-culinarie.htm ricette culinarie veloci] [http://peter-land.somee.com/images/small/polisex.htm polisex] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/moda-uomo.htm moda uomo 2004] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/acer-mp/ acer mp3 reader] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/sites-du/ sites du monde] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/profilo-msn.htm profilo msn] [http://davelovesyou.somee.com/library/html/nikon-enel/ nikon en-el8] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/ati-radeon/ ati radeon x800pro vivo] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/teac-hard/ teac hard 2 5] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/onora-il/ onora il padre] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/hir-aj/ hir aj kom] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/mobile-kit/ mobile kit] [http://luallard.t35.com/html/bluetooth-isdn/ bluetooth isdn] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/www-download/ www download de] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/mp-wma.htm mp3 wma] [http://brrezab.freeweb7.com/img/styles/camera-gallipoli.htm camera gallipoli] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/sesso-tr/ sesso tr padre e figlia] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/dansel.htm dansel] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/leo-girardi.htm leo girardi] [http://fergus-mac.somee.com/description/lib/sinan-sakic/ sinan sakic 2004 mp3] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/perfekte-welle/ perfekte welle juli] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/yahoo-chat/ yahoo chat] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/grd-jvc.htm grd jvc] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/he-my/ he my life] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/myscene/ myscene] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/erpes-zooster.htm erpes zooster] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/mercedes-c/ mercedes c] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/valeria-dentro.htm valeria dentro e fuori] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/i-piaceri/ i piaceri proibiti] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/dvd-portatile.htm dvd portatile toshiba] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/creative/ creative 550] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/ne-diraj.htm ne diraj mi noci] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/hotel-tour/ hotel tour] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/chat-rooms/ chat rooms xirincs] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/acchiappa-fantasmi.htm acchiappa fantasmi] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/dj-gruff.htm dj gruff lyrics] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/give-me.htm give me] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/nikon/ nikon 4600] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/linotipia.htm linotipia] [http://dabeutle.t35.com/content/view/arcdisk-archos.htm arcdisk archos] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/www-minerali/ www minerali] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/ja-rule/ ja rule reigns] [http://coarmago.freeweb7.com/library/html/wavellite.htm wavellite] [http://coarmago.freeweb7.com/library/html/gelato-al.htm gelato al limon] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/hoya/ hoya 67] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/fiori-virtuali/ fiori virtuali] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/televisore-digitale/ televisore digitale terrestre] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/r/ r817] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/l-ultimo/ l ultimo guerriero] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/domus-mariae/ domus mariae] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/lancome-photogenic.htm lancome photogenic] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/informazioni-sul/ informazioni sul gioco online di gran turismo 4] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/dance-anni/ dance anni 90] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/morandi-roberto/ morandi roberto] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/tango-por/ tango por una cabeza] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/luis-fonsi/ luis fonsi] [http://dabeutle.t35.com/content/view/caccia.htm caccia] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/hifonics.htm hifonics] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/the-yeti/ the yeti] [http://fergus-mac.somee.com/description/lib/gioco-della/ gioco della seconda  guerra mondiale] [http://am-i-bird.somee.com/img/styles/www-karrua.htm www karrua it] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/philips-mms/ philips mms231] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/hp-laserjet.htm hp laserjet 2420d] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/sexfor/ sexfor] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/cattura-renato.htm cattura renato] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/dichiarazioni-ici/ dichiarazioni ici] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/saune-sesso/ saune sesso] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/zeo-assoluto/ zeo assoluto mezzora] [http://am-i-bird.somee.com/img/styles/dacor-duffel.htm dacor duffel] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/schede-madri/ schede madri con scheda grafica] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/frigorifero-monoporta.htm frigorifero monoporta] [http://am-i-bird.somee.com/img/styles/vesa-meliconi.htm vesa meliconi] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/nuova-porsche/ nuova porsche cayenne turbo auto nuove] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/volo-milano.htm volo milano olbia] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/photos-karine/ photos karine lima] [http://lensman.somee.com/html/macchina-taglio/ macchina taglio laser] [http://thegoogly.somee.com/view/new/il-principe.htm il principe ribelle] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/slot-cf.htm slot cf] [http://fawarfo.freeweb7.com/topic/scheda-video.htm scheda video ati radeon 9200] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/impianto-sportivi/ impianto sportivi] [http://nationavce.somee.com/library/html/moduli-contratto/ moduli contratto noleggio veicoli] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/jagged-edge/ jagged edge walked outta heaven] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/canti-popolari/ canti popolari guerra] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/chat-in/ chat in blu] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/rsmmc-/ rs-mmc - dual voltage nokia 512] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/nhl-faceoff/ nhl faceoff] [http://fawarfo.freeweb7.com/topic/sigla-spot.htm sigla spot citroen c3 d] [http://davelovesyou.somee.com/library/html/rampage-universal/ rampage universal tour] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/canzone-di/ canzone di orange country] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/canon-ef/ canon ef 17] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/toshiba/ toshiba 5200-701] [http://fergus-mac.somee.com/description/lib/custodia-hp/ custodia hp] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/la-monaca/ la monaca di monza manzoni] [http://rimarsh.t35.com/images/small/add-em.htm add em up] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/waes-of.htm waes of luve] [http://fergus-mac.somee.com/description/lib/syncrony-logic/ syncrony logic] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/lapin-nain/ lapin nain] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/spedizionieri-e/ spedizionieri e groupage] [http://brrezab.freeweb7.com/img/styles/li-.htm li 480 a] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/nikon-coolpix/ nikon coolpix 7900 nera] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/figurine-calcio.htm figurine calcio] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/latina-oggi.htm latina oggi] [http://brrezab.freeweb7.com/img/styles/cin.htm cin] [http://luallard.t35.com/html/silvio-berlusconi/ silvio berlusconi immagini] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/kriminaltango.htm kriminaltango] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/qishn.htm qishn] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/margarita-caliente/ margarita caliente 19] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/fotografia-bit/ fotografia 78bit] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/cisalfa-spa/ cisalfa spa] [http://lensman.somee.com/html/jvc-grde/ jvc gr-d240e] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/lettore-dvd/ lettore dvd portatile con memoria] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/videoproiettore-schermo/ videoproiettore schermo motorizzato] [http://flheddina.t35.com/web/doise-willem/ doise willem] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/c-xm.htm c 2611xm] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/piovani-nicola.htm piovani nicola] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/embrel/ embrel] [http://davelovesyou.somee.com/library/html/quando-eravamo/ quando eravamo repressi] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/hotel-genova.htm hotel genova] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/lora-scarlatta.htm lora scarlatta] [http://rimarsh.t35.com/images/small/cl.htm cl2 0] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/frank-zappa/ frank zappa. does humour exist in music] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/www-isvap.htm www isvap it] [http://rimarsh.t35.com/images/small/bang-wife.htm bang wife] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/michael-buble/ michael buble cd] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/www-livestrong/ www livestrong com] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/lancia-delta/ lancia delta 1.8] [http://dj-deus.somee.com/lib/selvaggia-pappalardo.htm selvaggia pappalardo] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/luomo-illustrato.htm luomo illustrato] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/intel-p/ intel p4 820] [http://thegoogly.somee.com/view/new/principato-di.htm principato di monaco] [http://jututor.125mb.com/lib/vanessa-hessler/ vanessa hessler] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/ultimo-cd/ ultimo cd di biagio antonacci] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/bosch-auto/ bosch auto] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/midi-colonna/ midi colonna sonore p gratis] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/hoover-sensory/ hoover sensory 2000] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/gail-kim/ gail kim] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/sigma-sd/ sigma sd 10] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/www-usairways/ www usairways com] [http://fergus-mac.somee.com/description/lib/gia/ gia] [http://am-i-bird.somee.com/img/styles/a-stampante.htm a3 stampante laser color] [http://lensman.somee.com/html/sandali/ sandali 35] [http://kiboukni.125mb.com/web/www-uruguaytotal/ www uruguaytotal com] [http://dabeutle.t35.com/content/view/il-bello.htm il bello della vita] [http://thegoogly.somee.com/view/new/ballerine-programma.htm ballerine programma cd live] [http://nairoz.somee.com/img/styles/viviana-araujo/ viviana araujo] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/asrock-amd/ asrock amd schede madri] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/assicurazione-cesano/ assicurazione cesano maderno] [http://coarmago.freeweb7.com/library/html/clarissa-bruni.htm clarissa bruni] [http://lensman.somee.com/html/i-link/ i link] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/guida-kazaa/ guida kazaa] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/volkswagen-polo/ volkswagen polo bordeaux] [http://jedillar.125mb.com/resources/articles/film-porno/ film porno teen] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/teenagers.htm teen-agers] [http://yourorus.somee.com/data/parma-cose.htm parma cose fare] [http://viemalin.freeweb7.com/resources/articles/televisori-plasma.htm televisori plasma lcd] [http://am-i-bird.somee.com/img/styles/camino-forno.htm camino forno] [http://rihelm.125mb.com/img/styles/risultati-lotto/ risultati lotto] [http://de-der.somee.com/library/html/granny-fucking.htm granny fucking] [http://itgurney.t35.com/view/new/tette-e/ tette e culi] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/dvd-to/ dvd to svcd 1.8] [http://lakitsmi.freeweb7.com/web/dvd-/ dvd - r vergini 8 5gb] [http://fawarfo.freeweb7.com/topic/radiyo.htm radiyo] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/maico-duble.htm maico duble] [http://quotes-girl.somee.com/content/view/ventole-/ ventole 40 mm] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/grupo-kema/ grupo kema] [http://rimarsh.t35.com/images/small/cicciolina-con.htm cicciolina con il cavallo] [http://peter-land.somee.com/images/small/bara-de.htm bara de ross] [http://ouquaite.freeweb7.com/img/styles/flotta-alitalia/ flotta alitalia] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/equalizzatore-digitale.htm equalizzatore digitale] [http://betheresa.t35.com/text/directory/starsplash-alive/ starsplash alive] [http://lamcgie.125mb.com/html/router-print.htm router print server wireless] [http://lamcgie.t35.com/web/panasonic-tx.htm panasonic tx-29] [http://trocterli.t35.com/img/styles/sorento/ sorento] [http://madavid.t35.com/html/hp-xw/ hp xw4200 workstation] :''This article is about legal limits to human expression.  For other uses, see [[#Disambiguation|Disambiguation]]''.
  
 
{{Voice of Freedom|164481|Censorship in Anti-censorship communities}}
 
{{Voice of Freedom|164481|Censorship in Anti-censorship communities}}

Revision as of 13:18, 22 August 2007

volo aereo bologna catania stay whit me eliminate asus a8v-e deluxe pci express opel astra km zero don t cry alt the love transmeta crusoe tm-5800 soul makossa il padrone della ferriera www wwe wrestling rav com provini per nuove letterine www nasha aziz com wade robson sexyshop video gratis oggi walk book dia de la independencia gli italiani e le vacanze vittorio zucconi libri naido foto incidente lady diana chasey lain man (etnologia) riscaldamenti sian ricette culinarie veloci polisex moda uomo 2004 acer mp3 reader sites du monde profilo msn nikon en-el8 ati radeon x800pro vivo teac hard 2 5 onora il padre hir aj kom mobile kit bluetooth isdn www download de mp3 wma camera gallipoli sesso tr padre e figlia dansel leo girardi sinan sakic 2004 mp3 perfekte welle juli yahoo chat grd jvc he my life myscene erpes zooster mercedes c valeria dentro e fuori i piaceri proibiti dvd portatile toshiba creative 550 ne diraj mi noci hotel tour chat rooms xirincs acchiappa fantasmi dj gruff lyrics give me nikon 4600 linotipia arcdisk archos www minerali ja rule reigns wavellite gelato al limon hoya 67 fiori virtuali televisore digitale terrestre r817 l ultimo guerriero domus mariae lancome photogenic informazioni sul gioco online di gran turismo 4 dance anni 90 morandi roberto tango por una cabeza luis fonsi caccia hifonics the yeti gioco della seconda guerra mondiale www karrua it philips mms231 hp laserjet 2420d sexfor cattura renato dichiarazioni ici saune sesso zeo assoluto mezzora dacor duffel schede madri con scheda grafica frigorifero monoporta vesa meliconi nuova porsche cayenne turbo auto nuove volo milano olbia photos karine lima macchina taglio laser il principe ribelle slot cf scheda video ati radeon 9200 impianto sportivi moduli contratto noleggio veicoli jagged edge walked outta heaven canti popolari guerra chat in blu rs-mmc - dual voltage nokia 512 nhl faceoff sigla spot citroen c3 d rampage universal tour canzone di orange country canon ef 17 toshiba 5200-701 custodia hp la monaca di monza manzoni add em up waes of luve syncrony logic lapin nain spedizionieri e groupage li 480 a nikon coolpix 7900 nera figurine calcio latina oggi cin silvio berlusconi immagini kriminaltango qishn margarita caliente 19 fotografia 78bit cisalfa spa jvc gr-d240e lettore dvd portatile con memoria videoproiettore schermo motorizzato doise willem c 2611xm piovani nicola embrel quando eravamo repressi hotel genova lora scarlatta cl2 0 frank zappa. does humour exist in music www isvap it bang wife michael buble cd www livestrong com lancia delta 1.8 selvaggia pappalardo luomo illustrato intel p4 820 principato di monaco vanessa hessler ultimo cd di biagio antonacci bosch auto midi colonna sonore p gratis hoover sensory 2000 gail kim sigma sd 10 www usairways com gia a3 stampante laser color sandali 35 www uruguaytotal com il bello della vita ballerine programma cd live viviana araujo asrock amd schede madri assicurazione cesano maderno clarissa bruni i link guida kazaa volkswagen polo bordeaux film porno teen teen-agers parma cose fare televisori plasma lcd camino forno risultati lotto granny fucking tette e culi dvd to svcd 1.8 dvd - r vergini 8 5gb radiyo maico duble ventole 40 mm grupo kema cicciolina con il cavallo bara de ross flotta alitalia equalizzatore digitale starsplash alive router print server wireless panasonic tx-29 sorento hp xw4200 workstation :This article is about legal limits to human expression. For other uses, see Disambiguation.

Voice of Freedom Radical Podcast logo only.png Echo of Freedom, Radical Podcast has a podcast related to this aticle
Censorship in Anti-censorship communities
EoF
Voice of Freedom Radical Podcast logo only.png Echo of Freedom, Radical Podcast has a podcast related to this aticle
Anonymity, promoting Free Speech, opposing Censorship
EoF

Censorship is the use of governmental power to control speech and other forms of human expression. It is most commonly applied to acts which occur in public circumstances, and generally involves a suppression of them by criminalizing their expression. What is censored may range from specific words to entire concepts, and the ostensible motive of censorship is to stabilize or improve the society over which the government has control.

Sanitization (removal) and whitewashing (from whitewash) are almost interchangeable terms that refer to particular a form of censorship via omission, which seeks to "clean up" the portrayal of particular issues and facts which are already known, but which may conflict with the official point of view. Political correctness may also become a form of censorship.

Humourous badge signifying opposition to censorship

Types of censorship

Censorship can be explicit, as in laws passed to prevent select positions from being published or propagated (as in Australia, the People's Republic of China, or Saudi Arabia where certain Internet pages are not permitted entry), or it can be implicit, taking the form of intimidation by government, where people are afraid to express or support certain opinions for fear of losing their lives, their jobs, their position in society, or their credibility. In this latter form it is similar to McCarthyism.

State Secrets and controversial history

Wartime censorship is carried out with the intention of preventing the release of information that might be advantageous to the enemy. Typically it involves obfuscation of times or locations, or delaying the release of information (e.g. the objective of an operation) until it is of no possible use to enemy forces. Mention of weapons and equipment is another favourite area for censorship. The moral issues here are somewhat different as release of the information carries a high risk of increased casualties among one's own forces and possibly loss of the overall conflict.

A well-known example of sanitization policies comes from the USSR under Stalin, where publicly used photographs were often altered to remove people whom Stalin had ordered executed. Though past photographs may have been remembered or kept, this deliberate and systematic alteration of history in the public mind is seen as one of the central themes of Stalinism and totalitarianism. Censorship is a form of sanitization. Specifically, censorship refers to a socially accepted policy of eliminating material rejected as harmful.

School textbooks

The content of school textbooks is often the issue of debate, as their target audience is young people, and the term "whitewashing" is the one commonly used to refer to selective removal of critical or damaging evidence or comment. The reporting of military atrocities in history is extremely controversial, as in the case of Nanjing Massacre, the Holocaust (or Holocaust denial), and the Winter Soldier Investigation, regarding the Vietnam War. Also, the theory of evolution has been questioned by many since it contradicts the beliefs of their religion and some school boards have even been ordered to include disclaimers at the beginning of the book about it.

In each society the representation of its own flaws or misconduct is typically downplayed in favor of a nationalist or patriotic view. In the context of high-school level education, the presentation of facts and history greatly influences the interpretation of contemporary thought, opinion, and socialization. The legitimate argument for censoring the type of information disseminated is based on the inappropriateness of such material for certain younger age groups. The use of the "inappropriate" distinction is controversial, as well, as it can be used to enforce wider politically-motivated censorship.

Terms

"Censorship" comes from the ancient Roman language word "censor". The first reference to the term "whitewash" dates back to 1762 by a Boston Evening Post article. In 1800 the word was first used in a political context, when a Philadelphia Aurora editorial said that "if you do not whitewash President Adams speedily, the Democrats, like swarms of flies, will bespatter him all over, and make you both as speckled as a dirty wall, and as black as the devil."

The term "sanitization" is a euphemism commonly used in the political context of propaganda to refer to the doctoring of information that might otherwise be perceived as incriminating, self-contradictory, controversial, or damaging.

Censorship, unlike acts or policies of sanitization, refers to a publicly set standard, not a privately set standard. Censorship does not attempt to cover up material made by an organization, but rather to restrict or abolish defined types of material produced by private citizens.

Implementation

Censorship is regarded as a typical feature of dictatorships and other authoritarian political systems. Democratic nations usually have far less institutionalized censorship, and instead promote the importance of freedom of speech.

Some thinkers understand censorship to include other attempts to suppress points of view or ideas such as negative propaganda, media manipulation, spin, disinformation or "free speech zones". These methods, collectively, tend to work by disseminating misleading information or by preventing other ideas from obtaining a receptive audience.

Others point out the suppression of access to the means of dissemination of ideas by governmental bodies such as the FCC in the United States of America, the CRTC in Canada, or a newspaper that refuses to run commentary the publisher disagrees with, or a lecture hall that refuses to rent itself out to a particular speaker, or an individual refusing to finance that lecture.

Prevention and bypassing

Data havens and decentralized peer-to-peer file sharing systems such as Freenet can be used to prevent censorship. A recent phenomenon for avoiding censorship and speaking directly to members of society is culture jamming, where individuals or non-conforming groups use large-scale corporate techniques to attack implicit domination and censorship through trivial or deliberately irrelevant messages. More traditionally, mass protests are a method for resisting unwanted impositions.

Interestingly, the censorship of swear-words in the United States seems not always to extend to non-American pronunciations. Instead of shit, the Scots and Northern English variant shite may apparently be used, as may fook for fuck. (Note: this was witnessed on broadcast television in early 2004, before the FCC levied several highly-publicized fines.)

Censorship around the world

Other types of censorship

Censorship of media

See also

External links

World Wide Web links

Freenet links

Note: These freesite links cannot be viewed without prior set up. For explanation on how to set up a connection see ways to view a freesite.
localhost is assumed as the base for the freesite

References

  • Abbott, Randy. "A Critical Analysis of the Library-Related Literature Concerning Censorship in Public Libraries and Public School Libraries in the United States During the 1980s." Project for degree of Education Specialist, University of South Florida, December 1987. [ED 308 864]
  • Burress, Lee. "Battle of the Books." Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1989. [ED 308 508]
  • O'Reilly, Robert C. and Larry Parker. "Censorship_or Curriculum Modification?" Paper presented at a School Boards Association, 1982, 14 p. [ED 226 432]
  • Hendrikson, Leslie. "Library Censorship: ERIC Digest No. 23." ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, Boulder, Colorado, November 1985. [ED 264 165]
  • Hoffman, Frank. "Intellectual Freedom and Censorship." Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1989. [ED 307 652]
  • Marek, Kate. "Schoolbook Censorship USA." June 1987. [ED 300 018]
  • National Coalition against Censorship (NCAC). "Books on Trial: A Survey of Recent Cases." January 1985. [ED 258 597]
  • Small, Robert C., Jr. "Preparing the New English Teacher to Deal with Censorship, or Will I Have to Face it Alone?" Annual Meeting of the National Council of Teachers of English, 1987, 16 p.
(arguing that the English teacher should get advice from school librarians in preparing to encounter three levels of censorship:
  1. rejection of adolescent fiction and popular teen magazines as having low value,
  2. experienced colleagues discouraging "difficult" lesson plans,
  3. outside interest groups limiting students' exposure. [ED 289 172])
  • Terry, John David II. "Censorship: Post Pico." In "School Law Update, 1986," edited by Thomas N. Jones and Darel P. Semler. [ED 272 994]
List of websites with known sanitization policies

Cleans-up mistakes made in speeches by US President George W. Bush, it also contains little contradictory information of current administration policies, and has deleted any reference to controversial Corporate accounting scandal figure Ken Lay, among others.

In a different example of sanitization, the U.S. State Department website will display material only when it supports administration policies. For example the website contains in full, the UN Security Council resolutions, which support the administration in its views of Iraq, but will not show such UN resolutions against Israel or the US.


Disambiguation

  • In ancient Rome, censorship was the office or function of a censor.
  • The utensil for incense is a censer;
  • A device or organ that senses its environment is a sensor.
  • Whitewash is a type of inexpensive paint made from slaked lime (Calcium hydroxide, or Ca(OH)2) and chalk (whiting). Other additives have historically included milk, flour, salt, glue, water glass and soap. Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcite.