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[[Image:symbol.png|thumb|150px|The "A" is reported to stand for anarchy.  So why is it capitalized?]]
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'''<big>[[Press freedom and the Occupy movement]]'''</big>
  
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'''Anarchy''' is the state of having no government.  It is distinguished in political science from [[anarchism]], the belief that anarchy, defined by them as the absence of major hierarchies such as [[social class|class]] and the state, with power flowing from the bottom up, is the best possible system for humanity to live under. This causes confusion when self-declared anarchists protest ''against'' government cuts in public spending. Surely, as believers in the absense of the state, they'd be campaigning ''for'' government cuts in public spending. Another ideology exists, called 'anarcho-capitalism', however, some more left-leaning anarchists would consider this an oxymoron.
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Journalists covering the [[occupy movement]] [[Wikipedia:Occupy movement|(WP)]], an on-going protest movement, have been arrested, leading to criticism from press freedom groups that journalists' constitutionally protected rights are being violated.<sub>(rights protected by the [[Wikipedia:First Amendment to the United States Constitution#Freedom of the press|First Amendment to the United States Constitution]])</sub>
  
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Many political philosophers consider anarchy the original "base state" of humanity. Some then go on to say that we are ''much'' better without it.<ref>For an example of this, see Hobbes's <i>Leviathan</i>.</ref> Others consider the natural state to be great but impossible to return to.<ref>For an example of this, see Rousseau's <i>Social Contract</i></ref>
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In 2012, [[Reporters without Borders]] [[Wikipedia:Reporters without Borders|(WP)]] listed the United States as 47th in its [[Press Freedom Index]] [[Wikipedia:Press Freedom Index|(WP)]], dropping a full 27 places in just one year. The watchdog group made explicit mention of US response to the Occupy movement, saying:
  
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Anarchy is also the word used to describe a state of chaos, lawlessness and disorder, frequently seemingly brought about by the lack of government. However it is important, or at least useful, to decide at any particular time which definition is being used. Otherwise all discussion and dialogue will descend into . . . . . . . anarchy. Anarchists are generally careful to note that, "No rulers does not mean no rules," as 'no ruler' is the origin of the word 'anarchy', since many people believe that anarchy is just the removal of the current government, and absence of all law, which is the origin of this use of the word 'anarchy'.
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{{quote|''The United States (47th) also owed its fall of 27 places to the many arrests of journalist covering Occupy Wall Street protests."'' |[[Wikipedia:Reporters without Borders|Reporters without Borders]]|[[Wikipedia:Press Freedom Index|Press Freedom Index]]<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2091948/U-S-falls-47th-press-freedom-rankings-Occupy-crackdown.html U.S falls to 47th in press freedom rankings after Occupy crackdown]</ref><ref>[http://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/01/25/1058454/-Reporters-Without-Borders:-Targeting-of-Occupy-journalists-drops-US-to-47th-in-press-freedom Reporters Without Borders: Targeting of Occupy journalists drops U.S. to 47th in press freedom]</ref>}}
  
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==Real examples==
 
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Real examples of this are Celtic Ireland up until Cromwell's invasion during the English [[civil war|Civil War]], Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War, and most hunter-gatherer societies. Some anarchists would refer to the Paris Commune as being anarchistic, at least until the Blanquists began to take over.
 
  
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Many consider the [[failed state]] of Somalia to be a real life example of this, where the southern 2/3 have been in a civil war for the last decade. There is a technically recognized government; however, that government does not have any authority anywhere in the country. Some Somalis ended up supporting a totalitarian Islamic regime just to have a semblance of order. The [[United States]], with its ally Ethiopia, kicked out that regime and everything's falling back into its previous state. However, most anarchists would not accept this as being 'anarchy', as there were still rulers and major hierarchies, such as class and rule by warlords, and many would also argue that it was brought about by imperialist wars by 'First World' nations. As anarchism is a generally internationalist movement, they would also doubt the idea that since Somalia has more than one ruler within its borders, this somehow makes it anarchist, as the national borders, in their opinions, are artificial and meaningless.
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{{WP+DEL|Press freedom and the Occupy movement}}
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==Arrests of journalists==
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===September 24 2011, New York City===
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Journalist John Farley of WNET Metrofocus was arrested while attempting to interview women who had been victims of the pepper-spraying by police. Despite wearing press credentials and identifying himself as press to police, Farrley was arrested. He reported being handcuffed and imprisoned for nine hours. He was initially charged with disorderly conduct but all charges against him were dropped.<ref>[http://www.cjr.org/the_kicker/charges_dropped_against_first.php Charges dropped against first reporter arrested at Occupy Wall Street]</ref><ref>Video - [http://watch.thirteen.org/video/2164065468/ Charges Dropped Against Jailed MetroFocus Reporter]</ref>
  
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However, Somalia does have a customary law system which some self-identified anarchists (particularly so-called "anarcho-capitalists) see as an example of how a stateless society can function.  
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===October 1 2011, New York City===
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Three journalists, [[Wikipedia:Natasha Lennard|Natasha Lennard]] of the [[Wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]], [[Wikipedia:Kristen Gwynne|Kristen Gwynne]] of [[Wikipedia:Alternet|Alternet]], and documentarian [[Wikipedia:Marisa Holmes|Marisa Holmes]] were arrested covering the events of October 1.<ref>[http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/02/covering-the-march-on-foot-and-in-handcuffs/ Covering the march on foot and in handcuffs]</ref><ref>Natasha Lennard - [http://www.salon.com/2011/11/15/why_i_quit_the_mainstream_media/singleton/]</ref>. <ref>Kristen Gwynne - [http://www.alternet.org/newsandviews/article/674824/nypd_mass_arrests_of_occupy_wall_street_protesters:_firsthand_account_from_alternet_staffer_trapped_on_bridge/ NYPD Mass Arrests of Occupy Wall Street Protesters: Firsthand Account from AlterNet Staffer Trapped on Bridge]</ref><ref>[http://www.democracynow.org/appearances/marisa_holmes Marisa Holmes on Democracy Now]</ref>
  
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==Contrast with mobocracy==
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On October 1, 2011, police arrested about 700 marchers on the [[Wikipedia:Brooklyn Bridge|Brooklyn Bridge]].<ref name="700arrest">{{cite news|title=700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/10/01/500-arrested-after-wall-street-protest-on-nys-brooklyn-bridge/?test=latestnews|accessdate=October 1, 2011|date=October 1, 2011|publisher=Fox News Channel}}</ref> By October 2, all but 20 of those arrested had been released with citations for disorderly conduct.<ref name="Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15143509|title=Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest|date=October 2, 2011|work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |accessdate=October 2, 2011}}</ref>
  
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Anarchy should not be confused with [[mobocracy]], or <i>ochlocracy</i> as it's more technically termed. In mobocracy, there is at least some governing authority but the mob easily sways the government's decisions - effectively the weight of consensus or the assertions of strongly opinionated individuals can overrule any nominal leadership. In true anarchy, there is no governing authority whatsoever other than the people, though some forms of democracy (especially direct and decentralized) can be compatible with anarchy.
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On October 4, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights. <ref name="NYT Bridge Lawsuit">{{cite news |title=Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit |author=ELIZABETH A. HARRIS |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/nyregion/citing-police-trap-protesters-file-suit.html?_r=1 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 5, 2011 |page=A25 |accessdate=October 17, 2011}}</ref>
  
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==Contrast with chaos==
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===November 2 2011, Milwaukee===
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Anarchy is compared to, or even described as equal to [[user:pink|chaos]] or ''anomie''. However, anarchy is defined by the lack of a ruler, and ''anomie'' by the lack of rules.
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[[Wikipedia:Kristyna Wentz-Graff|Kristyna Wentz-Graff]] of the [[Wikipedia:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]] was arrested while covering an Occupy protest. <ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/02/kristyna-wentz-graff-milwaukee-arrested-occupy_n_1072264.html Kristyna Wentz-Graff, Milwaukee Photojournalist, Arrested At Occupy Protest]</ref><ref>Journal Sentinel [http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/flynn-seeks-meeting-with-media-after-arrests-133183378.html Mayor says it's 'very clear' arrested photographer was journalist]</ref> The arrest drew criticism from Journal Sentinel editors, the Wisconsin News Photographers Association, the [[Wikipedia:Milwaukee Press Club|Milwaukee Press Club]] and the [[Wikipedia:National Press Photographers Association|National Press Photographers Association]]. Ultimately, Wentz-Graff was ultimately not charged with any wrongdoing. <ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/newswatch/135857988.html No citations for Journal Sentinel photographer arrested while covering rally]</ref>
  
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==Use of the term in international relations==
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===November 3 2011, Oakland===
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In [[international relations]], anarchy is a term of art that refers to the state of the international system, since there is no authority that controls how states interact.  (The few attempts at decreasing international anarchy, such as the League of Nations and the [[United Nations]], have been spectacular failures due to certain nations having leaders that just don't care, and have an army to back themselves up - like the [[United States]] of Mid-North America.)  The cornerstone of most neo-realist thought is that anarchy means that states will continue to war with each other forever.  Constructivists, on the other hand, believe that anarchy is itself shaped by the norms that the states adopt.<ref>This is best expressed as "Anarchy is what you make of it," by Wendt.</ref> It should be noted that in this case, anarchy most definitely does not mean a lack of heirarchy; the international system is distinctly heirarchic, with the US as the unipole/hyperpower. Anarchists would probably argue because the state of international relations is not what they mean by anarchy, but competing hierarchies and much chaos.
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Although she was clearly wearing a press pass, Journalist Susie Cagle was arrested in the early hours of November 3 and spent 14 hours at 2 different jails.<ref>{{cite news|last=Daetz|first=Ama|title=Journalist arrested while covering Oakland protest|url=http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=8418546|accessdate=November 21, 2011|newspaper=KGO-TV|date=November 3, 2011}}</ref> She was charged with failure to leave the scene of a riot. Cagle is one of several journalists covering the Occupy movement that have been arrested.<ref>{{cite news|title=Human Rights Group Condemns Journalist Arrests At Occupy Protests|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/17/human-rights-group-condem_n_1100282.html|accessdate=November 21, 2011|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, Cagle reported having been subject to and witness to mistreatment of protestors during her imprisonment.<ref name=Cagle>[http://www.alternet.org/story/152990/police_state_in_oakland_one_reporter%27s_arrest_contradicts_official_story/?page=entire]</ref>
  
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==See also==
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Cagle was again arrested while covering an Occupy Oakland march on January 28, 2012.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/us-news-blog/2012/jan/30/occupy-oakland-new-york-clashes Occupy protests in Oakland and New York: a weekend of police clashes]</ref>
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*[[Libertarianism]], a term originally used by anarchists, now used by laissez-faire capitalists.
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* [[List of forms of government]]
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==Footnotes==
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===November 13 2011, Chapel Hill===
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<references/>
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Two journalists were arrested: [[Wikipedia:Katelyn Ferral|Katelyn Ferral]], of [[Wikipedia:The News & Observer|The News & Observer]], and [[Wikipedia:Josh Davis (journalist)|Josh Davis]], a graduate student in Journalism at [[Wikipedia:University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill]].<ref>[http://reesenews.org/2011/11/13/column-my-first-hand-account-of-todays-arrest/26969/ "My first-hand account of today's arrest"]</ref>
  
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===November 15 2011, New York City===
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Police arrested about 200 people, including journalists representing the [[Wikipedia:Agence France-Presse|Agence France-Presse]],<ref name='Estes 2011-11-16'>{{cite news | first = Adam Clark | last = Estes | title = Press Is Not Forgetting the Journalists Arrested at Zuccotti Park | date = 2011-11-16 | url = http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2011/11/press-not-foregetting-journalists-arrested-zuccotti-park/45047/ | work = The Atlantic | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HneHjTy|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> [[Wikipedia:Associated Press|Associated Press]],<ref name='McCarthy 2011-11-17'>{{cite news | first = Megan | last = McCarthy | title = Bloomberg Spokesperson Admits Arresting Credentialed Reporters, Reading The Awl | date = 2011-11-17 | url = http://www.observer.com/2011/11/bloomberg-spokesperson-admits-arresting-credentialed-reporters-reading-the-awl/ | work = The New York Observer | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63Hngyiiv|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> [[Wikipedia:Daily News (New York)|Daily News|Daily News]],<ref name='CBS 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | title = Several Journalists Among Those Arrested During Zuccotti Park Raid | date = 2011-11-15 | publisher = CBS News | url = http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2011/11/15/officials-journalists-among-those-arrested-during-zuccotti-park-raid/ | work = CBSNewsYork/AP | accessdate = 2011-11-16|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63FSXRa1j|archivedate=2011-11-16}}</ref> DNAInfo,<ref name='Ventura 2011-11-16'>{{cite news | first = Michael | last = Ventura | title = DNAinfo.com Journalists Arrested While Covering OWS Police Raids | date = 2011-11-16 | url = http://gamma.dnainfo.com/20111115/downtown/dnainfo-journalists-arrested-while-covering-ows-police-raids | work = DNAinfo | accessdate = 2011-11-18 | quote = |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HnkhWBB|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> [[NPR]] [[Wikipedia:NPR|(WP)]],<ref name='Memmott 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Mark | last = Memmott | title = New York Police Clear Occupy Wall Street Protesters From Park | date = 2011-11-15 | url = http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/11/15/142336656/new-york-police-clear-occupy-wall-street-protesters-from-park | work = NPR | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63Hno1k7M|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> [[Wikipedia:Television New Zealand|Television New Zealand]],<ref name='AP WSJ'>{{cite news | title = Journalists detained at NYC Occupy protests | date = 2011-11-15 | publisher = The Wall Street Journal | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/AP7788a68e595d4722950196f35c6d4e5b.html | agency = Associated Press | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HnqegCw|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> ''The New York Times'',<ref name='Malsin 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Jared | last = Malsin | title = Reporter for The Local Is Arrested During Occupy Wall Street Clearing | date = 2011-11-15 | publisher = The New York Times | url = http://eastvillage.thelocal.nytimes.com/2011/11/15/video-reporter-for-the-local-is-arrested-during-occupy-wall-street-clearing/ | work = NYU Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63Hnti54Z|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> and [[Wikipedia:Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair|Vanity Fair]],<ref name='Weiner 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Juli | last = Weiner | title = Journalists, Among Those a Vanity Fair Correspondent, Arrested While Covering Occupy Wall Street | date = 2011-11-15 | url = http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2011/11/Journalists-Among-Those-a-emVanity-Fair-Correspondentem-Arrested-While-Covering-Occupy-Wall-Street | work = Vanity Fair | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HnxWeXm|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> as well as [[Wikipedia:New York City Council|New York City Council]] member [[Wikipedia:Ydanis Rodríguez|Ydanis Rodríguez]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Siegal|first=Ida|title=Councilman Rodriguez Gives Details of His Occupy Wall Street Arrest|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Councilman-Ydanis-Rodriguez-Occupy-Wall-Street-Arrest-Press-Conference-133948328.html|publisher=WNBC|accessdate=December 20, 2011|coauthors=Colletti, Roseanne|date=November 16, 2011}}</ref> An NBC reporter's press pass was also confiscated.<ref name='Johnston 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Garth | last = Johnston | title = Police Arrest OWS Reporter As He Pleads "I'm A Reporter!" | date = 2011-11-15 | url = http://gothamist.com/2011/11/15/video_police_arrest_ows_reporter_sc.php | work = Gothamist | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HqESagQ|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref><ref>Arrested Journalists list: [[Wikipedia:Karen Matthews (journalist)|Karen Matthews|Karen Matthews]], [[Wikipedia:Seth Wenig|Seth Wenig]], Associated Press; [[Wikipedia:Matthew Lysiak|Matthew Lysiak]], New York Daily News; [[Wikipedia:Julie Walker|Julie Walker]], NPR; [[Wikipedia:Jared Malsin|Jared Malsin]], The New York Times; [[Wikipedia:Patrick Hedlund|Patrick Hedlund]] and [[Wikipedia:Paul Lomax|Paul Lomax]], DNAinfo NEws; [[Wikipedia:Doug Higginbotham|Doug Higginbotham]], freelance video journalist working for TV New Zealand; An unidentified Vanity Fair correspondent; An unidentified Agance France Presse photographer; from [http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2011/11/press-not-foregetting-journalists-arrested-zuccotti-park/45047/ Atlantic Wire]</ref>
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<ref> Nov 15 arrests: Julie Walker of NPR, Jared Malsin of The Local East Village, Jennifer Weiss of Agence France-Presse, Justin Bishop of Vanity Fair, Matthew Lysiak of New York Daily News, Karen Matthews and Seth Wenig of the Associated Press, Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax of DNAinfo,and Doug Higginbotham of TV New Zealand.</ref>
  
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While the police cleared the park, credentialed members of the media were kept a block away, preventing them from documenting the event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/politics/2011/11/occupy-wall-street-police-raid-eviction |title=Exclusive Video: Inside Police Lines at the Occupy Wall Street Eviction |publisher=Mother Jones |date= |accessdate=2011-11-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=David Badash |url=http://thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/defiant-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-to-occupy-protestors-no-right-is-absolute/politics/2011/11/15/30224 |title=Defiant NYC Mayor Bloomberg To Occupy Protestors: ‘No Right Is Absolute’ |publisher=The New Civil Rights Movement |date= |accessdate=2011-11-17}}</ref> Police helicopters prevented NBC and CBS news helicopters from filming the clearing of the park.<ref name='Stableford 2011-11-17'>{{cite news | first = Dylan | last = Stableford | title = Press clash with police during Occupy Wall Street raid; seven journalists arrested | date = 2011-11-17 | publisher = [[Wikipedia:Yahoo News|Yahoo News]] | url = http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/cutline/press-clash-police-during-occupy-wall-street-raid-232215675.html | work = The Cutline | accessdate = 2011-11-18 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HLuZt3W | archivedate=2011-11-17}}</ref> Many journalists complained of being treated roughly or violently by the police.<ref name='Telegraph 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Amy | last = Willis | coauthors = Chris Irvine | title = Occupy Wall Street eviction: as it happened | date = 2011-11-15 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8890772/Occupy-Wall-Street-eviction-as-it-happened.html | work = The Telegraph | accessdate = 2011-11-17 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63FxCrrjf|archivedate=2011-11-17 | quote = CBS News NY News Desk tells me their helicopter was forced down by NYPD -- they had to go down for fuel but weren't allowed back up. #ows | location=London}}</ref><ref name='Gitlin 2011-11-15'>{{cite news | first = Sarah | last = Gitlin | coauthors = Janine Balekdjian | title = Reoccupy Wall Street | date = 2011-11-15 | url = http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2011/11/15/reoccupy-wall-street | work = The Columbia Daily Spectator | accessdate = 2011-11-17 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63FxWzwQd|archivedate=2011-11-17| quote = A CBS helicopter that tried to cover the eviction aerially was forced to leave the airspace over the park by the NYPD, depriving the world of a view of what, exactly, the police were doing. }}</ref><ref name='CPJ'>{{cite web | url = http://www.cpj.org/2011/11/journalists-obstructed-from-covering-ows-protests.php | title = Journalists obstructed from covering OWS protests | accessdate = 2011-11-18 | date = 2011-11-15 | publisher = [[Wikipedia:Committee to Protect Journalists|Committee to Protect Journalists]] | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/63HpunRea | archivedate = 2011-11-15|quote=Lindsey Christ, a reporter for the TV channel NY1, told the Times she witnessed police officers put a New York Post reporter "in a choke-hold."}}</ref>
  
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The [[Wikipedia:Society of Professional Journalists|Society of Professional Journalists]], the [[Wikipedia:Committee to Protect Journalists|Committee to Protect Journalists]], [[Wikipedia:Reporters Without Borders|Reporters Without Borders]] and the [[Wikipedia:New York Civil Liberties Union|New York Civil Liberties Union]] expressed concerns and criticisms regarding the situation.<ref name='Ventura 2011-11-16' /><ref name='SPJ 2011-11-15'>{{cite web | url = http://www.spj.org/news.asp?REF=1091#1091 | title = SPJ condemns arrests of journalists at Occupy protests | accessdate = 2011-11-18 | date = 2011-11-15 | publisher = [[Wikipedia:Society of Professional Journalists|Society of Professional Journalists]] | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/63HdgVgJr | archivedate = 2011-11-18}}</ref><ref name='HP AP 2011-11-17'>{{cite news | title = Human rights group concerned over journalists’ arrests at Occupy protests | date = 2011-11-17 | publisher = Huffington Post | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/human-rights-group-concerned-over-journalists-arrests-at-occupy-wall-street/2011/11/17/gIQAZ0kNVN_story.html | agency = Associated Press | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archivedate=2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HyxJz54}}</ref><ref name='RSF 2011-11-16'>{{cite news | title = Journalists arrested and obstructed again during Occupy Wall Street camp eviction | date = 2011-11-16 | url = http://en.rsf.org/united-states-absurd-charges-brought-against-09-11-2011,41370.html | work = Reporters Without Borders | accessdate = 2011-11-18|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/63HdyEWIx|archivedate=2011-11-18}}</ref> The [[Wikipedia:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] [[Wikipedia:OAS Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression|Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression]] issued a statement saying that the "disproportionate restrictions on access to the scene of the events, the arrests, and the criminal charges resulting from the performance of professional duties by reporters violate the right to freedom of expression."<ref name='OAS 2011-11-17'>{{cite press release| url = http://cidh.org/relatoria/showarticle.asp?artID=875&lID=1 | title = Office of the Special Rappoteur Expresses Concern over Arrests and Assaults on Journalists Covering Protests in the United States | accessdate = 2011-11-18 | date = 2011-11-17 | publisher = [[Wikipedia:Organization of American States|Organization of American States]] | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/63Hc6A1i4 | archivedate = 2011-11-18}}</ref>
  
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[[Category:Forms of government]]
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On November 21, the [[Wikipedia:New York Daily News|New York Daily News]], the [[Wikipedia:New York Post|New York Post]], the [[Wikipedia:Associated Press|Associated Press]], [[Wikipedia:Dow Jones|Dow Jones]], [[Wikipedia:NBC Universal|NBC Universal]] and [[Wikipedia:WNBC-TV|WNBC-TV]] joined in a letter written by ''New York Times'' General Council George Freeman criticizing the New York Police Department's handling of the media during the raid. <ref>{{cite web|author=11/21/11 |url=http://www.amny.com/urbanite-1.812039/media-upset-at-nypd-for-treatment-of-reporters-at-ows-1.3338559 |title=Media upset at NYPD for treatment of reporters at OWS&nbsp;— am New York |publisher=Amny.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-24}}</ref>
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[[Category:Political terms]]
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[Wikipedia:2004 Haiti rebellion|February 2004 rebellion]], in which former soldiers participated. He said the US had orchestrated a [[Wikipedia:coup d'état|coup d'état]] against him in revenge for his reneging on his promise to privatize nationalized infrastructure, and received support from, among others, several members of the US Congress and Jamaican Prime Minister [[Wikipedia:P. J. Patterson|P. J. Patterson]]. Aristide was forced into exile, being flown directly out of Haiti to the [[Wikipedia:Central African Republic|Central African Republic]], eventually settling in [[Wikipedia:South Africa|South Africa]].
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Aristide has attempted to return to office many times over the years. The US continues to block his return, renewing its commitment to preventing him from taking office in Haiti on 21st January, 2011, even as Baby Doc Duvalier returned to Haiti in the wake of the chaos of [[Wikipedia:2010 Haiti earthquake|2010's earthquake]] and [[Wikipedia:2010 Haiti cholera epidemic|cholera epidemic]].
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===December 12 2011, New York===
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Dec 12 saw arrests of a number of journalists. <ref>reporter:John Knefel, Nick Isebella, Justin Wedes, Paul Sullivan, Lorenzo Serna, Jeff Smith, Charles Meacham</ref><ref>[http://www.salon.com/2011/12/13/busted_for_tweeting/singleton/ Busted for Tweeting]</ref>
  
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'''Recently featured''' ([[Anarchopedia:Former featured articles]]) : [[Cooperative conglomerate]], [[Barack Obama]]
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===January 28 2012, Oakland===
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On January 28, Oakland Police arrested about 400 individuals in the largest mass arrest in Oakland history.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS-HIjD6NeU RT News]</ref> Among those arrested were at least six journalists.
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Among the journalists arrested include [[Wikipedia:Kristin Hanes|Kristin Hanes]] of [[Wikipedia:ABC News|ABC News]]-KGO, [[Wikipedia:Susie Cagle|Susie Cagle]],<ref>Washington Post - [http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/occupy-oakland-after-2nd-arrest-comics-journalist-susie-cagle-shares-her-on-the-ground-experience/2012/01/30/gIQAAu7UgQ_blog.html OCCUPY OAKLAND: After 2nd arrest, comics journalist Susie Cagle shares her on-the-ground experience]</ref> [[Wikipedia:Gavin Aronsen|Gavin Aronsen]] of [[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]] magazine  [[Wikipedia:Mother Jones (magazine)|(WP)]], [[Wikipedia:Vivian Ho|Vivian Ho]] of the [[Wikipedia:San Francisco Chronicle|San Francisco Chronicle]], [[Wikipedia:John C. Osborn (journalist)|John C. Osborn]] of [[Wikipedia:East Bay Express|East Bay Express]], and [[Wikipedia:Yael Chanoff|Yael Chanoff]] of [[Wikipedia:San Francisco Bay Guardian|San Francisco Bay Guardian]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Aronsen|first=Gavin|title=Journalists—Myself Included—Swept Up in Mass Arrest at Occupy Oakland|url=http://motherjones.com/mojo/2012/01/journalists-arrested-occupy-oakland|accessdate=31 January 2012|newspaper=Mother Jones|date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
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One of the imprisoned journalist emerged after 20 hours of imprisonment and reported witnessing police brutality and cruel treatment.<ref>Yael Chanoff - [http://www.sfbg.com/politics/2012/01/31/occupy-oakland-inmates-santa-rita-attacked-developing-story Occupy Oakland inmates at Santa Rita attacked- developing story]</ref><ref>Salon - [http://www.salon.com/2012/02/02/occupy_oakland_protesters_denied_medication_in_jail/ Occupy Oakland protesters denied medication in jail] (2/2/12)</ref>
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===January 31 2012, Miami===
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[[Wikipedia:Carlos Miller (photojournalist)|Carlos Miller]], a member of the [[Wikipedia:National Press Photographers Association|National Press Photographers Association]], was documenting the eviction of Occupy Miami when he was arrested. Upon his release, his camera footage of his arrest appeared to have been deleted, but Miller was able to recover the footage despite the attempted deletion. <ref>Ars Technica - [http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2012/02/journalist-recovers-video-of-his-arrest-after-police-deleted-it.ars Journalist recovers video of his arrest after police deleted it]</ref> Miller is currently facing a single count of resisting arrest.
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==Citizen journalism==
 +
The Occupy movement has sparked new interest in [[citizen journalism]] [[Wikipedia:citizen journalism|(WP)]] due to fears about [[censorship]] [[Wikipedia:censorship|(WP)]] and [[Wikipedia:bias|bias]] in the media.<ref name=ZDnet>{{cite news|last=Osbourne|first=Charlie|title=Occupy Journalism: The cultural shift in citizen broadcasting|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/occupy-journalism-the-cultural-shift-in-citizen-broadcasting/13803|accessdate=29 March 2012|newspaper=ZDNet|date=19 December 2011}}</ref> New media outlets formed during the Occupy movement include the [[Wikipedia:Occupied Wall Street Journal|Occupied Wall Street Journal]] and [[Wikipedia:InsightOut News|InsightOut News]].
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The movement also increased the popularity of [[livestreaming]] ([[streaming media]]) [[Wikipedia:Streaming media|livestreaming|(WP)]] as a way of disseminating information from the front lines of chaotic situations. However, these [[new media]] [[Wikipedia:New media|(WP)]] journalists also have complaints about harassment and arrests from the police.<ref name=martin>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Adam|title=Occupy Wall Street's Livestream Operators Arrested|url=http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2012/01/occupy-wall-streets-livestream-operators-arrested/46921/|accessdate=29 March 2012|newspaper=The Atlantic Wire|date=3 January 2012}}</ref>
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==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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==External links==
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* Josh Sterns - [http://storify.com/jcstearns/tracking-journalist-arrests-during-the-occupy-prot Tracking Journalist Arrests at Occupy Protests Around the Country]
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'''[[Anarchopedia:Former featured articles]]''' : [[Drop weapon]], [[US 'Hearts & Minds' campaign in HÄ«t, Iraq]], [[Cooperative conglomerate]], [[Barack Obama]]
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__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 04:34, 3 June 2012

Press freedom and the Occupy movement

Journalists covering the occupy movement (WP), an on-going protest movement, have been arrested, leading to criticism from press freedom groups that journalists' constitutionally protected rights are being violated.(rights protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution)

In 2012, Reporters without Borders (WP) listed the United States as 47th in its Press Freedom Index (WP), dropping a full 27 places in just one year. The watchdog group made explicit mention of US response to the Occupy movement, saying:

The United States (47th) also owed its fall of 27 places to the many arrests of journalist covering Occupy Wall Street protests."
—Reporters without Borders, Press Freedom Index[1][2]


An article on this subject was deleted on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Press freedom and the Occupy movement
WP administrators can restore the edit history
of this page upon request 		WP+
DEL

Arrests of journalists[edit]

September 24 2011, New York City[edit]

Journalist John Farley of WNET Metrofocus was arrested while attempting to interview women who had been victims of the pepper-spraying by police. Despite wearing press credentials and identifying himself as press to police, Farrley was arrested. He reported being handcuffed and imprisoned for nine hours. He was initially charged with disorderly conduct but all charges against him were dropped.[3][4]

October 1 2011, New York City[edit]

Three journalists, Natasha Lennard of the New York Times, Kristen Gwynne of Alternet, and documentarian Marisa Holmes were arrested covering the events of October 1.[5][6]. [7][8]

On October 1, 2011, police arrested about 700 marchers on the Brooklyn Bridge.[9] By October 2, all but 20 of those arrested had been released with citations for disorderly conduct.[10]

On October 4, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights. [11]

November 2 2011, Milwaukee[edit]

Kristyna Wentz-Graff of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel was arrested while covering an Occupy protest. [12][13] The arrest drew criticism from Journal Sentinel editors, the Wisconsin News Photographers Association, the Milwaukee Press Club and the National Press Photographers Association. Ultimately, Wentz-Graff was ultimately not charged with any wrongdoing. [14]

November 3 2011, Oakland[edit]

Although she was clearly wearing a press pass, Journalist Susie Cagle was arrested in the early hours of November 3 and spent 14 hours at 2 different jails.[15] She was charged with failure to leave the scene of a riot. Cagle is one of several journalists covering the Occupy movement that have been arrested.[16] Additionally, Cagle reported having been subject to and witness to mistreatment of protestors during her imprisonment.[17]

Cagle was again arrested while covering an Occupy Oakland march on January 28, 2012.[18]

November 13 2011, Chapel Hill[edit]

Two journalists were arrested: Katelyn Ferral, of The News & Observer, and Josh Davis, a graduate student in Journalism at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill.[19]

November 15 2011, New York City[edit]

Police arrested about 200 people, including journalists representing the Agence France-Presse,[20] Associated Press,[21] Daily News|Daily News,[22] DNAInfo,[23] NPR (WP),[24] Television New Zealand,[25] The New York Times,[26] and Vanity Fair|Vanity Fair,[27] as well as New York City Council member Ydanis Rodríguez.[28] An NBC reporter's press pass was also confiscated.[29][30] [31]

While the police cleared the park, credentialed members of the media were kept a block away, preventing them from documenting the event.[32][33] Police helicopters prevented NBC and CBS news helicopters from filming the clearing of the park.[34] Many journalists complained of being treated roughly or violently by the police.[35][36][37]

The Society of Professional Journalists, the Committee to Protect Journalists, Reporters Without Borders and the New York Civil Liberties Union expressed concerns and criticisms regarding the situation.[23][38][39][40] The Organization of American States Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression issued a statement saying that the "disproportionate restrictions on access to the scene of the events, the arrests, and the criminal charges resulting from the performance of professional duties by reporters violate the right to freedom of expression."[41]

On November 21, the New York Daily News, the New York Post, the Associated Press, Dow Jones, NBC Universal and WNBC-TV joined in a letter written by New York Times General Council George Freeman criticizing the New York Police Department's handling of the media during the raid. [42]

December 12 2011, New York[edit]

Dec 12 saw arrests of a number of journalists. [43][44]

January 28 2012, Oakland[edit]

On January 28, Oakland Police arrested about 400 individuals in the largest mass arrest in Oakland history.[45] Among those arrested were at least six journalists.

Among the journalists arrested include Kristin Hanes of ABC News-KGO, Susie Cagle,[46] Gavin Aronsen of Mother Jones magazine (WP), Vivian Ho of the San Francisco Chronicle, John C. Osborn of East Bay Express, and Yael Chanoff of San Francisco Bay Guardian.[47]

One of the imprisoned journalist emerged after 20 hours of imprisonment and reported witnessing police brutality and cruel treatment.[48][49]

January 31 2012, Miami[edit]

Carlos Miller, a member of the National Press Photographers Association, was documenting the eviction of Occupy Miami when he was arrested. Upon his release, his camera footage of his arrest appeared to have been deleted, but Miller was able to recover the footage despite the attempted deletion. [50] Miller is currently facing a single count of resisting arrest.

Citizen journalism[edit]

The Occupy movement has sparked new interest in citizen journalism (WP) due to fears about censorship (WP) and bias in the media.[51] New media outlets formed during the Occupy movement include the Occupied Wall Street Journal and InsightOut News.

The movement also increased the popularity of livestreaming (streaming media) livestreaming|(WP) as a way of disseminating information from the front lines of chaotic situations. However, these new media (WP) journalists also have complaints about harassment and arrests from the police.[52]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ U.S falls to 47th in press freedom rankings after Occupy crackdown
  2. ↑ Reporters Without Borders: Targeting of Occupy journalists drops U.S. to 47th in press freedom
  3. ↑ Charges dropped against first reporter arrested at Occupy Wall Street
  4. ↑ Video - Charges Dropped Against Jailed MetroFocus Reporter
  5. ↑ Covering the march on foot and in handcuffs
  6. ↑ Natasha Lennard - [1]
  7. ↑ Kristen Gwynne - NYPD Mass Arrests of Occupy Wall Street Protesters: Firsthand Account from AlterNet Staffer Trapped on Bridge
  8. ↑ Marisa Holmes on Democracy Now
  9. ↑ "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge". Fox News Channel. October 1, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/10/01/500-arrested-after-wall-street-protest-on-nys-brooklyn-bridge/?test=latestnews. Retrieved October 1, 2011. </li>
  10. ↑ "Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest". BBC News (BBC). October 2, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15143509. Retrieved October 2, 2011. </li>
  11. ↑ ELIZABETH A. HARRIS (October 5, 2011). "Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit". The New York Times: p. A25. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/nyregion/citing-police-trap-protesters-file-suit.html?_r=1. Retrieved October 17, 2011. </li>
  12. ↑ Kristyna Wentz-Graff, Milwaukee Photojournalist, Arrested At Occupy Protest
  13. ↑ Journal Sentinel Mayor says it's 'very clear' arrested photographer was journalist
  14. ↑ No citations for Journal Sentinel photographer arrested while covering rally
  15. ↑ Daetz, Ama (November 3, 2011). "Journalist arrested while covering Oakland protest". KGO-TV. http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=8418546. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>
  16. ↑ "Human Rights Group Condemns Journalist Arrests At Occupy Protests". The Huffington Post. November 17, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/17/human-rights-group-condem_n_1100282.html. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>
  17. ↑ [2]
  18. ↑ Occupy protests in Oakland and New York: a weekend of police clashes
  19. ↑ "My first-hand account of today's arrest"
  20. ↑ Estes, Adam Clark (2011-11-16). "Press Is Not Forgetting the Journalists Arrested at Zuccotti Park". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HneHjTy. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  21. ↑ McCarthy, Megan (2011-11-17). "Bloomberg Spokesperson Admits Arresting Credentialed Reporters, Reading The Awl". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hngyiiv. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  22. ↑ "Several Journalists Among Those Arrested During Zuccotti Park Raid". CBSNewsYork/AP (CBS News). 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-16. http://www.webcitation.org/63FSXRa1j. Retrieved 2011-11-16. </li>
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Ventura, Michael (2011-11-16). "DNAinfo.com Journalists Arrested While Covering OWS Police Raids". DNAinfo. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnkhWBB. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  24. ↑ Memmott, Mark (2011-11-15). "New York Police Clear Occupy Wall Street Protesters From Park". NPR. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hno1k7M. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  25. ↑ "Journalists detained at NYC Occupy protests". Associated Press. The Wall Street Journal. 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnqegCw. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  26. ↑ Malsin, Jared (2011-11-15). "Reporter for The Local Is Arrested During Occupy Wall Street Clearing". NYU Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute (The New York Times). Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hnti54Z. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  27. ↑ Weiner, Juli (2011-11-15). "Journalists, Among Those a Vanity Fair Correspondent, Arrested While Covering Occupy Wall Street". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnxWeXm. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  28. ↑ Siegal, Ida; Colletti, Roseanne Councilman Rodriguez Gives Details of His Occupy Wall Street Arrest. WNBC. URL accessed on December 20, 2011.
  29. ↑ Johnston, Garth (2011-11-15). "Police Arrest OWS Reporter As He Pleads "I'm A Reporter!"". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HqESagQ. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  30. ↑ Arrested Journalists list: Karen Matthews|Karen Matthews, Seth Wenig, Associated Press; Matthew Lysiak, New York Daily News; Julie Walker, NPR; Jared Malsin, The New York Times; Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax, DNAinfo NEws; Doug Higginbotham, freelance video journalist working for TV New Zealand; An unidentified Vanity Fair correspondent; An unidentified Agance France Presse photographer; from Atlantic Wire
  31. ↑ Nov 15 arrests: Julie Walker of NPR, Jared Malsin of The Local East Village, Jennifer Weiss of Agence France-Presse, Justin Bishop of Vanity Fair, Matthew Lysiak of New York Daily News, Karen Matthews and Seth Wenig of the Associated Press, Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax of DNAinfo,and Doug Higginbotham of TV New Zealand.
  32. ↑ Exclusive Video: Inside Police Lines at the Occupy Wall Street Eviction. Mother Jones. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.
  33. ↑ David Badash. Defiant NYC Mayor Bloomberg To Occupy Protestors: ‘No Right Is Absolute’. The New Civil Rights Movement. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.
  34. ↑ Stableford, Dylan (2011-11-17). "Press clash with police during Occupy Wall Street raid; seven journalists arrested". The Cutline (Yahoo News). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63HLuZt3W. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  35. ↑ Willis, Amy; Chris Irvine (2011-11-15). "Occupy Wall Street eviction: as it happened". The Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxCrrjf. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "CBS News NY News Desk tells me their helicopter was forced down by NYPD -- they had to go down for fuel but weren't allowed back up. #ows" </li>
  36. ↑ Gitlin, Sarah; Janine Balekdjian (2011-11-15). "Reoccupy Wall Street". The Columbia Daily Spectator. Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxWzwQd. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "A CBS helicopter that tried to cover the eviction aerially was forced to leave the airspace over the park by the NYPD, depriving the world of a view of what, exactly, the police were doing." </li>
  37. ↑ Journalists obstructed from covering OWS protests. Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-15. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.
  38. ↑ SPJ condemns arrests of journalists at Occupy protests. Society of Professional Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-18. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.
  39. ↑ "Human rights group concerned over journalists’ arrests at Occupy protests". Associated Press. Huffington Post. 2011-11-17. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HyxJz54. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  40. ↑ "Journalists arrested and obstructed again during Occupy Wall Street camp eviction". Reporters Without Borders. 2011-11-16. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HdyEWIx. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
  41. ↑ Template:cite press release
  42. ↑ 11/21/11. Media upset at NYPD for treatment of reporters at OWS â€” am New York. Amny.com. URL accessed on 2011-11-24.
  43. ↑ reporter:John Knefel, Nick Isebella, Justin Wedes, Paul Sullivan, Lorenzo Serna, Jeff Smith, Charles Meacham
  44. ↑ Busted for Tweeting
  45. ↑ RT News
  46. ↑ Washington Post - OCCUPY OAKLAND: After 2nd arrest, comics journalist Susie Cagle shares her on-the-ground experience
  47. ↑ Aronsen, Gavin (29 January 2012). "Journalists—Myself Included—Swept Up in Mass Arrest at Occupy Oakland". Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/mojo/2012/01/journalists-arrested-occupy-oakland. Retrieved 31 January 2012. </li>
  48. ↑ Yael Chanoff - Occupy Oakland inmates at Santa Rita attacked- developing story
  49. ↑ Salon - Occupy Oakland protesters denied medication in jail (2/2/12)
  50. ↑ Ars Technica - Journalist recovers video of his arrest after police deleted it
  51. ↑ Osbourne, Charlie (19 December 2011). "Occupy Journalism: The cultural shift in citizen broadcasting". ZDNet. http://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/occupy-journalism-the-cultural-shift-in-citizen-broadcasting/13803. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li>
  52. ↑ Martin, Adam (3 January 2012). "Occupy Wall Street's Livestream Operators Arrested". The Atlantic Wire. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2012/01/occupy-wall-streets-livestream-operators-arrested/46921/. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li> </ol>

External links[edit]


Anarchopedia:Former featured articles : Drop weapon, US 'Hearts & Minds' campaign in HÄ«t, Iraq, Cooperative conglomerate, Barack Obama


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