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== Controversy == | == Controversy == | ||
Revision as of 13:19, 8 February 2013
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Duke Nukem 3D is a first-person shooter computer game developed by 3D Realms and published by Apogee Software. It was released on January 29, 1996. Duke Nukem 3D features the adventures of Duke Nukem, a character that had appeared in earlier platform games by Apogee. These were Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II.
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Contents
Controversy
The game has been heavily attacked by some critics, who allege that it promotes pornography and murder. For example:
"Duke Nukem 3D moves the 'shooter' through pornography stores, where Duke can use XXX sex posters for target practice. Duke throws cash at a prostituted woman telling her to 'Shake it, Baby' his gun ever ready. In the game bonus points are awarded for the murder of these mostly prostituted and partially nude women. Duke blows up stained glass windows in an empty church or goes to strip clubs where Japanese women lower their kimonos exposing their breasts. Duke is encouraged to kill defenseless, often bound women.— Media Watch, http://www.mediawatch.com/wordpress/?p=13
While some of this criticism is exaggerated or misinterpreted (e.g. players do not receive "points" for killing women, doing so usually spawns an alien to attack Duke, and some have actually been infected by aliens and beg the player to kill them), the depiction of women in Duke Nukem 3D is notable. George Broussard, the president of 3D Realms, defends the game, noting its success and arguing that consumers obviously do not find the content abusive or immoral. However, success with some consumers is clearly not evidence that Duke Nukem 3D is more widely acceptable. Significantly, the only women that appear in the game are either strippers, prostitutes, cheerleaders or alien prisoners, although a few of the following franchise sequels changed this, with Duke fighting alongside strong female characters. This treatment of women is extreme, even by the standards of video games. It could be viewed that their presence is intended as an ironic and over-the-top send-up of Hollywood action-film stereotypes, but, unsurprisingly, it causes offense, even if this was never intended by the developers.
Due to a gunman's rampage through a movie theatre in Brazil, Duke Nukem 3D was banned in that country along with Quake, Doom and several other violent first-person shooters. The Brazil rampage was allegedly inspired by Duke Nukem 3D's opening level "Hollywood Holocaust" (Episode 1, Mission 1), where a firefight with aliens takes place inside a cinema. Despite this ban, Duke Nukem 3D was subsequently being published in a computer magazine, and other titles such as Quake and Doom are still sold openly in Brazil.
As a response to the criticism encountered, censored versions of the game were released in certain countries to avoid having it banned altogether. In Australia, the game was originally refused classification on release. 3D Realms proceeded to sell the game with the parental lock on, but due to a mix-up, the uncensored data was still on the game disc and soon the majority of the country was playing the uncensored version of the game. The OFLC then attempted to have the game pulled from the shelves, but it was discovered that the distributor had notified them of this fact and the rating could not be surrendered. Six months later, the game was later reclassified and released uncensored with an MA15+ rating.
Official addons
Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition
The Atomic Edition of Duke Nukem 3D was released in late 1996, and contained the original 3 episode game as well as a new eleven-level fourth episode. The Plutonium PAK was also released as an upgrade package to convert the original release of Duke Nukem 3D (v1.3d) to the new Atomic Edition (v1.4, later patched to v1.5).
The Atomic Edition introduces three enemies: the Protector Drone, the Pig Cop Tank, and a new boss known as The Queen. It also includes a new weapon, the Microwave Expander.
The Atomic Edition also has several improvements to the scripting language of the game, allowing the game's active modding community to create new enemies and items without overwriting the existing ones.
EDuke
Following the release of the Doom source code in 1997, many of those in the modding community began wishing for a similar source code release from 3D Realms. The last major game to make use of the Duke Nukem 3D source code was WW2GI in 1999. Its programmer, Matthew Saettler, expanded greatly upon the scripting language used by modders to change many aspects of the game.
Saettler let it be known that he was willing to expand further upon WW2GI's scripting language, and shortly thereafter agreed to make his enhancements available for Duke Nukem 3D with the permission of 3D Realms.
3D Realms approved the project. Saettler was the sole programmer, working with several mod authors to beta-test the new addition that would carry the Duke Nukem 3D version numbering to v2.0 and be titled EDuke.
EDuke was released as a patch for Atomic Edition users on July 28, 2000, and included a demo mod made by several beta testers. The demo included new sector-based effects, sprite-based elevators, ladders, a bouncing particle fountain, a personal teleporter, and a more sophisticated translucent water effect.
Saettler has since archived his original Eduke site for reference.
LameDuke
LameDuke is an early-development, beta version of Duke Nukem 3D which was released by 3D Realms as a bonus one year after the release of the official version. Lameduke has been released as is, with no support. It is currently available to download from the 3DRealms FTP [1].
Lameduke featured four episodes: Mr. Caliber, Mission Cockroach, Suck Hole and Hard Landing. A lot of maps in the game are early versions of the ones contained in the official version and in the Plutonium Pak add-on. Some weapons have been removed during the development, such as the tazer stick, and others have been changed, such as the rocket launcher and the barrel chaingun.
Unofficial Addons
Commercial addons
Although Plutonium Pak is the only official add-on pack, some companies have marketed their own add-on packs for Duke Nukem 3D. Of these, the most well-known are:
- Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach: This game supposedly takes place after Duke Nukem 3D. Duke relaxes on a tropical island when he discovers that the aliens are having their own "vacation". This add-on pack has often been praised by players.
- Duke it Out in D.C.: Duke Nukem has been called out to rescue US President Bill Clinton from an abduction.
- Duke Nuclear Winter: The aliens have taken over the North Pole, and kidnapped Santa Claus. Duke Nukem must fight the aliens to rescue him. Although this add-on has been praised for its Christmas theme, it has still been criticized for unoriginality and poor level design.
- Duke Xtreme: This add-on pack contains around 50 levels and many utilities for Duke Nukem 3D. This pack has often been criticized for its many software bugs.
Source code ports
The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released under the GPL on April 1, 2003. However, the game content still remains the sole property of 3D Realms. The game was quickly ported by enthusiasts to modern OSes. As of 2007, these ports gave the game a second life in multiplayer games through the Internet and a growing community is still actively playing.
Standard ports
The first Duke Nukem 3D port was from icculus.org. It is a cross-platform port that allows the game to be played on BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, Windows and probably runs on others. The icculus.org codebase would later be used in the Duke3d_w32 (Rancidmeat) port, and later, the xDuke port.
One popular port is Jonathon Fowler's JFDuke3D, which in December 2003 received backing from the original author of Build, programmer Ken Silverman. Fowler, in cooperation with Ken, released a new version of JFDuke3D using Polymost, an OpenGL-enhanced renderer for Build, which allows hardware acceleration and 3D model support, along with 32 bit color high resolution textures. Another port based on JFDuke3D called xDuke (unrelated to the xDuke port based on icculus.org/duke3d) runs on the Xbox.
Silverman has since helped Jonathon Fowler with a large portion of other engine work, including updating the network code and continuing to maintain various other aspects of the engine. Projects such as the Duke 3D High Resolution Pack [2] were started in order to take advantage of the various engine improvements and attempt to update Duke's graphical resources almost to the level of modern games. Plans are still in the works to include additional engine features as time goes on. However, JFDuke3D appears to have been abandoned as no new versions have appeared since late 2005.
EDuke and other ports
The first port aimed at expanding features for mod authors was an experimental port called CDuke, authored by Colourless. It cleaned up and enhanced some unused code in the original source designed to allow translucent sector-based water and other "sector over sector" effects. The implementation was not perfect, but showed promise. CDuke was also the first port to demonstrate voxels within Duke Nukem 3D, which had been seen in other Build engine games. The port ceased production shortly after it was released.
EDuke is a branch of Duke Nukem 3D that was officially released by 3D Realms in 2000; it focused primarily on enhancing the CON scripting language in ways which allowed those modifying the game to do much more with the scripting system than originally possible. Around May of 2003, not long after the release of the Duke Nukem 3D source code, Blood project manager Matt Saettler released the source for both EDuke 2.0, the version of EDuke released by 3D Realms, and EDuke 2.1, the test version of what was to become the next official EDuke release. A few ports emerged (most notably WinEDuke and EDuke 2.1.1), but it was not until the release of Richard Gobeille's EDuke32 (an extended version of JFDuke3D which incorporates Saettler's EDuke code) in 2004 that EDuke became a real community focus. EDuke32 has seen consistent and frequent releases, often giving the community access to experimental new engine features weeks before the next JFDuke3D release.
Console ports
The Sega Saturn version was ported by Lobotomy Software and published by Sega. It retains the original name and lacks extra levels, but uses Lobotomy's SlaveDriver engine (which also powered the Sega Saturn version of Powerslave), as opposed to the original Build engine port that all the other Duke Nukem console ports used. Other features that are exclusive to the Saturn version are Lightmaps as opposed to sector-based lighting, and dynamic colored lighting. It is also capable of using the Sega NetLink for online gaming, and has built in support for the Saturn's Analog Pad that came bundled with NiGHTS into Dreams.... [4]
The Nintendo 64 version, Duke Nukem 64, has a split screen 4-player mode as well as bi-linear filtered textures, however it is still at its core using the Build engine and the only elements rendered in real 3D are some of the explosions. To meet the low memory requirement, in-game music was also dropped. The game is considerably censored, with most of the sexually suggestive material removed. For example, Episode 1, Level 2, "Red Light District", has been replaced with "Gun Crazy", an almost-identically shaped level where porn stores have been replaced by gun stores. Also, the steroid item was renamed "Vitamin X", to avoid the glorification of steroid use. On the plus side, Duke Nukem 64 does include better rendered and partially different weapons set, such as dual machine guns, plasma cannon and expander. The final boss, the Cycloid Emperor, is also changed into a new 3D model of himself.
In 1998, it was also ported to the Sega Mega Drive by Tec Toy [5]. The obscurity of this port (it was released only in Brazil) has frequently led to it being mistaken for an unlicensed "hack". It is not based on any other game made for the Mega Drive, instead it was programmed from the ground up by Tec Toy. 3D Realms claims that the port is not legal[unverified], but Tec Toy maintains that it was licensed by now-defunct publisher GT Interactive[unverified].
Additionally, a version of Duke Nukem 3D was also released for the Game.com, Tiger's short lived handheld system. Due to the console's hardware limitations, this version is not a true first person shooter but instead a sort of dungeon crawl.
Successors
Duke Nukem Forever
In 1997, 3D Realms announced a direct sequel titled Duke Nukem Forever. It has been shown at two E3s (1998 and 2001) and has gone through several engine changes and restarts. The developers have repeatedly stated that it will be released "when it's done". As of 2007, it is still in development, and celebrated its tenth year in development hell in March 2007. Recently, a thumbnail of what looks like Duke Nukem in a modern game was released to the Internet as part of a job posting on the video game developer website Gamasutra. This could be a sign that Duke Nukem Forever is still under active development. After afew rough times. A company called; "Gearbox" (a company that helped other games like "Halo: Combat Evolved" get ported to PC) Is helping 3D Realems to finish the game and port it to other game consoles (like the X-Box 360). The game is expected to be in stores sometime in 2011.
SiN
The game SiN is considered by some a spiritual sequel to Duke Nukem 3D[unverified]. Like Duke Nukem 3D, SiN features a vocal main-character, over-the-top guns, hideous monsters, large-breasted women, and a satiric near-future setting. Ritual Entertainment, SiN's developer, was founded by several members of the Duke Nukem 3D team (including notable level designer Levelord). The first of SiN's sequels, SiN Episodes: Emergence, is run on Half-Life 2's Source engine, and appears to have modelled itself more after Half-Life; most tellingly, its main character John Blade has become a (mostly) silent protagonist in the vein of Gordon Freeman, Half-Life's lead.
Crew and cast
Project Leader/Director George Broussard
Game Programming Todd Replogle
3D Build engine/Tools/Network Ken Silverman
Map Design Allen H. Blum III Richard Bailey Gray Keith Schuler
3D Modeling Chuck Jones
Additional 3D Modeling Douglas R. Wood
Artwork Stephen Hornback Dirk Jones Brian Martel James Storey Douglas R. Wood
Music and Sound Effects Lee Jackson Robert Prince
Voice Talent Lani Minella-ProMotions Prod. Co. Jon St. John as "Duke Nukem"
Special Thanks to: Steven Blackburn, Scott Miller, Joe Siegler, Terry Nagy, Colleen Compton, Kevin Green, Bryan Turner, Dennis DeSmeth Brett Young, all the 3D Realms beta testers.
Theme Song
Duke Nukem's popular theme song was created by Lee Jackson. Its title is "Grabbag". The thrash metal band Megadeth recorded the song as a bonus track off their 1999 album, Risk, replete with sound bytes of Duke's one-liners.
References
External links
| You can help Anarchopedia by expanding this article by adding some of these quotes from Wikiquote |
- Official Duke Nukem 3D homepage
- Template:moby game
- JFZ Duke Nukem 3D site with full documentation of the Build editor
Reviews
- Review — GameSpot
- Review — Computer and Video Games
- Review — Metacritic
Source ports
- Duke3d_w32 — Duke Nukem 3D port for Windows
- EDuke32 — EDuke port for Windows/Linux
- icculus.org/duke3d — Duke Nukem 3D port for BeOS/FreeBSD/Linux/Mac OS X/Solaris/Windows/Other
- JFDuke3D — Duke Nukem 3D port for Windows/Linux/Other
- xDuke — Duke Nukem 3D port for Windows
| This article contains content from Wikipedia. Current versions of the GNU FDL article Duke Nukem 3D on WP may contain information useful to the improvement of this article | WP |
