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WikiLeaks

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See also WikiLeaks leak of United States diplomatic cables and WikiLeaks leaks and WikiLeaks: List of mirror sites

WikiLeaks is an international non-profit media organization that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and leaks. Its website, launched in 2006, is run by The Sunshine Press.[1] Within a year of its launch, the site claimed a database that had grown to more than 1.2 million documents.[2]

The organization has described itself as having been founded by Chinese dissidents, as well as journalists, mathematicians, and start-up company technologists from the United States, Taiwan, Europe, Australia, and South Africa.[1] Newspaper articles and The New Yorker magazineTemplate:page number describe Julian Assange, an Australian Internet activist, as its director.[3]

WikiLeaks has won a number of awards, including the 2008 Economist magazine New Media Award.[4] In June 2009, WikiLeaks and Julian Assange won Amnesty International's UK Media Award (in the category "New Media") for the 2008 publication of "Kenya: The Cry of Blood â€“ Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances",[5] a report by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights about police killings in Kenya.[6] In May 2010, the New York Daily News listed WikiLeaks first in a ranking of "websites that could totally change the news".[7]

In April 2010, WikiLeaks posted video from a 2007 incident in which Iraqi civilians and journalists were killed by U.S. forces, on a website called Collateral Murder. In July of the same year, WikiLeaks released Afghan War Diary, a compilation of more than 76,900 documents about the War in Afghanistan not previously available for public review.[8] In October, the group released a package of almost 400,000 documents called the Iraq War Logs in coordination with major commercial media organisations. In November, Wikileaks began releasing U.S. State department diplomatic cables.

WikiLeaks was launched as a user-editable "wiki" site and still uses MediaWiki as the content management system, but has progressively moved towards a more traditional publication model, and no longer accepts either user comments or edits.

History

The WikiLeaks website first appeared on the Internet in December 2006.[9][10] The site claims to have been "founded by Chinese dissidents, journalists, mathematicians and start-up company technologists, from the US, Taiwan, Europe, Australia and South Africa".[1] The creators of WikiLeaks have not been formally identified.[11] It has been represented in public since January 2007 by Julian Assange and others. Assange describes himself as a member of WikiLeaks' advisory board.[12] News reports in The Australian have called Assange the "founder of WikiLeaks".[13] According to Wired magazine, a volunteer said that Assange described himself in a private conversation as "the heart and soul of this organization, its founder, philosopher, spokesperson, original coder, organizer, financier, and all the rest".[14] Template:As of, the site had over 1,200 registered volunteers[1] and listed an advisory board comprising Assange, Phillip Adams, Wang Dan, C. J. Hinke, Ben Laurie, Tashi Namgyal Khamsitsang, Xiao Qiang, Chico Whitaker and Wang Youcai.[15] Despite appearing on the list, when contacted by Mother Jones magazine in 2010, Khamsitsang said that while he received an e-mail from WikiLeaks, he had never agreed to be an advisor.[16]

WikiLeaks states that its "primary interest is in exposing oppressive regimes in Asia, the former Soviet bloc, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, but we also expect to be of assistance to people of all regions who wish to reveal unethical behavior in their governments and corporations."[1][17]

In January 2007, the website stated that it had over 1.2 million leaked documents that it was preparing to publish.[18] An article in The New Yorker said

One of the WikiLeaks activists owned a server that was being used as a node for the Tor network. Millions of secret transmissions passed through it. The activist noticed that hackers from China were using the network to gather foreign governments’ information, and began to record this traffic. Only a small fraction has ever been posted on WikiLeaks, but the initial tranche served as the site’s foundation, and Assange was able to say, "[w]e have received over one million documents from thirteen countries."[19][20]
Assange responded to the suggestion that eavesdropping on Chinese hackers played a crucial part in the early days of WikiLeaks by saying "the imputation is incorrect. The facts concern a 2006 investigation into Chinese espionage one of our contacts were involved in. Somewhere between none and handful of those documents were ever released on WikiLeaks. Non-government targets of the Chinese espionage, such as Tibetan associations were informed (by us)".[21] The group has subsequently released a number of other significant documents which have become front-page news items, ranging from documentation of equipment expenditures and holdings in the Afghanistan war to corruption in Kenya.[22]

The organization's stated goal is to ensure that whistleblowers and journalists are not jailed for emailing sensitive or classified documents, as happened to Chinese journalist Shi Tao, who was sentenced to 10 years in 2005 after publicising an email from Chinese officials about the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre.[23]

The project has drawn comparisons to Daniel Ellsberg's leaking of the Pentagon Papers in 1971.[24] In the United States, the leaking of some documents may be legally protected. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the Constitution guarantees anonymity, at least in the area of political discourse.[24] Author and journalist Whitley Strieber has spoken about the benefits of the WikiLeaks project, noting that "Leaking a government document can mean jail, but jail sentences for this can be fairly short. However, there are many places where it means long incarceration or even death, such as China and parts of Africa and the Middle East."[25]

On 24 December 2009, WikiLeaks announced that it was experiencing a shortage of funds[26] and suspended all access to its website except for a form to submit new material.[27] Material that was previously published was no longer available, although some could still be accessed on unofficial mirrors.[28][29] WikiLeaks stated on its website that it would resume full operation once the operational costs were covered.[30][31] WikiLeaks saw this as a kind of strike "to ensure that everyone who is involved stops normal work and actually spends time raising revenue".[32] While it was initially hoped that funds could be secured by 6 January 2010,[33] it was only on 3 February 2010 that WikiLeaks announced that its minimum fundraising goal had been achieved.[34]

On 22 January 2010, PayPal suspended WikiLeaks' donation account and froze its assets. WikiLeaks said that this had happened before, and was done for "no obvious reason".[35] The account was restored on 25 January 2010.[36]

On 18 May 2010, WikiLeaks announced that its website and archive were back up.[37]

As of June 2010, WikiLeaks was a finalist for a grant of more than half a million dollars from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation,[38] but did not make the cut.[39] WikiLeaks commented, "WikiLeaks was highest rated project in the Knight challenge, strongly recommended to the board but gets no funding. Go figure”. WikiLeaks said that the Knight foundation announced the award to "'12 Grantees who will impact future of news' â€“ but not WikiLeaks" and questioned whether Knight foundation was "really looking for impact".[39] A spokesman of the Knight Foundation disputed parts of WikiLeaks' statement, saying "WikiLeaks was not recommended by Knight staff to the board."[40] However, he declined to say whether WikiLeaks was the project rated highest by the Knight advisory panel, which consists of non-staffers, among them journalist Jennifer 8. Lee, who has done PR work for WikiLeaks with the press and on social networking sites.[40]

On 17 July Jacob Appelbaum spoke on behalf of WikiLeaks at the 2010 Hackers on Planet Earth conference in New York City, replacing Assange because of the presence of federal agents at the conference.[41][42] He announced that the WikiLeaks submission system was again up and running, after it had been temporarily suspended.[41][43] Assange was a surprise speaker at a TED conference on 19 July 2010 in Oxford, and confirmed that WikiLeaks was now accepting submissions again.[44][45]

Upon returning to the U.S. from the Netherlands, on 29 July, Appelbaum was detained for three hours at the airport by U.S. agents, according to anonymous sources.[46] The sources told Cnet that Appelbaum's bag was searched, receipts from his bag were photocopied, his laptop was inspected, although in what manner was unclear.[46] Appelbaum reportedly refused to answer questions without a lawyer present, and was not allowed to make a phone call. His three mobile phones were reportedly taken and not returned.[46] On 31 July, he spoke at a Defcon conference and mentioned his phone being "seized". After speaking, he was approached by two FBI agents and questioned.[46]

Administration

According to a January 2010 interview, the WikiLeaks team then consisted of five people working full-time and about 800 people who worked occasionally, none of whom were compensated.[32] WikiLeaks has no official headquarters. The expenses per year are about €200,000, mainly for servers and bureaucracy, but would reach €600,000 if work currently done by volunteers were paid for.[32] WikiLeaks does not pay for lawyers, as hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal support have been donated by media organisations such as the Associated Press, The Los Angeles Times, and the National Newspaper Publishers Association.[32] Its only revenue stream is donations, but WikiLeaks is planning to add an auction model to sell early access to documents.[32] According to the Wau Holland Foundation, WikiLeaks receives no money for personnel costs, only for hardware, travelling and bandwidth.[47] An article in TechEYE.net wrote
As a charity accountable under German law, donations for WikiLeaks can be made to the foundation. Funds are held in escrow and are given to WikiLeaks after the whistleblower website files an application containing a statement with proof of payment. The foundation does not pay any sort of salary nor give any renumeration Template:sic to WikiLeaks' personnel, corroborating the statement of the site's German representative Daniel Schmitt (real name Daniel Domscheit-Berg)[48] on national television that all personnel works voluntarily, even its speakers.[47]

Site management issues

There has been public disagreement between Julian Assange and Daniel Domscheit-Berg, who was suspended by Assange and on 28 September announced he would leave the company.[49][50][51] In October 2010, it was reported that Moneybookers, which collected donations for WikiLeaks, had ended its relationship with the site. Moneybookers stated that its decision had been made "to comply with money laundering or other investigations conducted by government authorities, agencies or commissions."[52]

Hosting

WikiLeaks describes itself as “an uncensorable system for untraceable mass document leaking”. WikiLeaks is hosted by PRQ, a Sweden-based company providing “highly secure, no-questions-asked hosting services.” PRQ is said to have “almost no information about its clientele and maintains few if any of its own logs.” The servers are spread around the world with the central server located in Sweden.[53] Julian Assange has said that the servers are located in Sweden (and the other countries) "specifically because those nations offer legal protection to the disclosures made on the site". He talks about the Swedish constitution, which gives the information providers total legal protection.[53] It is forbidden according to Swedish law for any administrative authority to make inquiries about the sources of any type of newspaper.[54] These laws, and the hosting by PRQ, make it difficult to take WikiLeaks offline. Furthermore, "Wikileaks maintains its own servers at undisclosed locations, keeps no logs and uses military-grade encryption to protect sources and other confidential information." Such arrangements have been called "bulletproof hosting."[55][56]

On 17 August 2010, it was announced that the Swedish Pirate Party will be hosting and managing many of WikiLeaks' new servers. The party donates servers and bandwidth to WikiLeaks without charge. Technicians of the party will make sure that the servers are maintained and working.[57][58] Some servers are hosted in the converted former NATO nuclear bunker CyberBunker.[59]

After the site became the target of a denial-of-service attack from a hacker on its old servers, WikiLeaks moved its site to Amazon's servers.[60] Later, however, the website was "ousted"[60] from the Amazon servers, without a public statement from the company. WikiLeaks then decided to install itself on the servers of OVH in France.[61]

WikiLeaks is based on several software packages, including MediaWiki, Freenet, Tor, and PGP.[62] WikiLeaks strongly encouraged postings via Tor because of the strong privacy needs of its users.[63]

On 4 November 2010, Julian Assange told Swiss public television TSR that he is seriously considering seeking political asylum in neutral Switzerland and setting up a WikiLeaks foundation in the country to move the operation there.[64][65] According to Assange, Switzerland and Iceland are the only countries where WikiLeaks would feel safe to operate.[66][67]

Name and policies

Despite using the name "WikiLeaks", the website is not wiki-based Template:As of. Also, despite some popular confusion[68] due to both having the term "wiki" in their names, WikiLeaks and Wikipedia have no affiliation with each other[69][70] ("wiki" is not a brand name).

The "about" page originally read: "To the user, WikiLeaks will look very much like Wikipedia. Anybody can post to it, anybody can edit it. No technical knowledge is required. Leakers can post documents anonymously and untraceably. Users can publicly discuss documents and analyze their credibility and veracity. Users can discuss interpretations and context and collaboratively formulate collective publications. Users can read and write explanatory articles on leaks along with background material and context. The political relevance of documents and their verisimilitude will be revealed by a cast of thousands."[71]

However, WikiLeaks established an editorial policy that accepted only documents that were "of political, diplomatic, historical or ethical interest" (and excluded "material that is already publicly available").[72] This coincided with early criticism that having no editorial policy would drive out good material with spam and promote "automated or indiscriminate publication of confidential records."[73] It is no longer possible for anybody to post to it or edit it, as the original FAQ promised. Instead, submissions are regulated by an internal review process and some are published, while documents not fitting the editorial criteria are rejected by anonymous WikiLeaks reviewers. By 2008, the revised FAQ stated that "Anybody can post comments to it. [...] Users can publicly discuss documents and analyze their credibility and veracity."[74] After the 2010 relaunch, posting new comments to leaks was no longer possible.[75]

Verification of submissions

WikiLeaks states that it has never released a misattributed document. Documents are assessed before release. In response to concerns about the possibility of misleading or fraudulent leaks, WikiLeaks has stated that misleading leaks "are already well-placed in the mainstream media. WikiLeaks is of no additional assistance."[76] The FAQ states that: "The simplest and most effective countermeasure is a worldwide community of informed users and editors who can scrutinize and discuss leaked documents."[77]

According to statements by Assange in 2010, submitted documents are vetted by a group of five reviewers, with expertise in different fields such as language or programming, who also investigate the background of the leaker if his or her identity is known.[78] In that group, Assange has the final decision about the assessment of a document.[78]

Insurance file

On 29 July 2010 WikiLeaks added a 1.4 GB "Insurance File" to the Afghan War Diary page. The file is AES encrypted and has been speculated to serve as insurance in case the WikiLeaks website or its spokesman Julian Assange are incapacitated, upon which the passphrase could be published (q.v.).[79][80] Following the first few days' release of the United States diplomatic cables starting 28 November 2010, the US television broadcaster CBS predicted that "If anything happens to Assange or the website, a key will go out to unlock the files. There would then be no way to stop the information from spreading like wildfire because so many people already have copies."[81] CBS correspondent Declan McCullagh stated, "What most folks are speculating is that the insurance file contains unreleased information that would be especially embarrassing to the U.S. government if it were released."[81]

Investigations, censorship, and alleged harassment

Template:Expand section

Police raid on German WikiLeaks domain holder's home

The home of Theodor Reppe, registrant of the German WikiLeaks domain name, wikileaks.de, was raided on 24 March 2009 after WikiLeaks released the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) censorship blacklist.[82] The site was not affected.[83][84][85]

Chinese censorship

The government of the People’s Republic of China uses its Golden Shield Project to attempt to censor every web site with "wikileaks" in the URL, including the primary .org site and the regional variations .cn and .uk. However, the site is still accessible from behind the Chinese firewall through one of the many alternative names used by the project, such as "secure.sunshinepress.org". The alternate sites change frequently, and WikiLeaks encourages users to search "wikileaks cover names" outside mainland China for the latest alternative names. Mainland search engines, including Baidu and Yahoo!, also censor references to "wikileaks".[86]

Potential future Australian censorship

On 16 March 2009, the Australian Communications and Media Authority added WikiLeaks to their proposed blacklist of sites that will be blocked for all Australians if the mandatory internet filtering censorship scheme is implemented as planned.[87][88] The blacklisting was removed 30 November 2010.[89]

Thai censorship

The Centre for the Resolution of the Emergency Situation (CRES) is currently censoring the website WikiLeaks in Thailand[90] and more than 40,000 other webpages[91] because of the emergency decree in Thailand imposed as a result of political instabilities (Emergency decree declared beginning of April 2010[92]). When trying to access the WikiLeaks website, internet users are redirected to this webpage.

Alleged harassment and surveillance

According to The Times, WikiLeaks and its members have complained about continuing harassment and surveillance by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, including extended detention, seizure of computers, veiled threats, “covert following and hidden photography.”[93]

After the release of the 2007 airstrikes video and as they prepared to release film of the Granai airstrike, Julian Assange has said that his group of volunteers came under intense surveillance. In an interview and Twitter posts he said that a restaurant in Reykjavik where his group of volunteers met came under surveillance in March; there was "covert following and hidden photography" by police and foreign intelligence services; that an apparent British intelligence agent made thinly veiled threats in a Luxembourg car park; and that one of the volunteers was detained by police for 21 hours. Another volunteer posted that computers were seized, saying "If anything happens to us, you know why ... and you know who is responsible."[93] According to the Columbia Journalism Review, "the Icelandic press took a look at Assange’s charges of being surveilled in Iceland [...] and, at best, have found nothing to substantiate them."[94]

WikiLeaks has claimed that Facebook deleted their fan page, which had 30,000 fans.[95][96][97][98]

United States

Access to WikiLeaks is currently blocked in the United States Library of Congress.[99]

Iceland

In August 2009, Kaupthing, a large bank, succeeded in obtaining a court order gagging Iceland’s national broadcaster, RUV, from broadcasting a risk analysis report showing the bank's substantial exposure to debt default risk. This information had been leaked by a whistleblower to WikiLeaks and remained available on the WikiLeaks site; faced with an injunction minutes before broadcast the channel ran with a screen grab of the WikiLeaks site instead of the scheduled piece on the bank. Citizens of Iceland felt outraged that RUV was prevented from broadcasting news of relevance.[100] Therefore, WikiLeaks has been credited with inspiring the Icelandic Modern Media Initiative, a bill meant to reclaim Iceland's 2007 Reporters sans frontières ranking as first in the world for free speech. It aims to enact a range of protections for sources, journalists, and publishers.[101][102] Birgitta Jónsdóttir, a former volunteer for WikiLeaks and member the Icelandic parliament, is the chief sponsor of the proposal. Template:Clear

Reception

Support

In July 2010 Veterans for Peace president Mike Ferner editorialized on the group's website "neither Wikileaks nor the soldier or soldiers who divulged the documents should be prosecuted for revealing this information. We should give them a medal."[103]

Documentary filmmaker John Pilger wrote an August 2010 editorial in the Australian publication Green Left titled "Wikileaks Must Be Defended." In it, Pilger said WikiLeaks represented the interests of "public accountability" and a new form of journalism at odds with "the dominant section ... devoted merely to taking down what cynical and malign power tells it."[104]

Daniel Ellsberg has been a frequent defender of WikiLeaks. Following the November 2010 release of U.S. diplomatic cables, Ellsberg rejected criticism that the site was endangering the lives of U.S. military personnel and intelligence assets stating "not one single soldier or informant has been in danger from any of the WikiLeaks releases. That risk has been largely overblown."[105] Ellsberg went on to note that government claims to the contrary were "a script that they roll out every time there's a leak of any sort."[106]

Awards received

In 2008 Index on Censorship presented WikiLeaks with their inaugural Economist New Media Award.

In 2009 Amnesty International awarded WikiLeaks their Media Award for exposing "extra judicial killings and disappearances" in Kenya.[107]

Praise by governments

In late November 2010 a representative of the government of Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated "we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums."[108] Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them "[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information."[109] The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf. Correa then criticized Assange for "breaking the laws of the United States and leaking this type of information."[110]

Hugo Chávez, president of Venezuela, stated his support for WikiLeaks following the release of U.S. diplomatic cables in November 2010 that showed the United States had tried to rally support from regional governments to isolate Venezuela. “I have to congratulate the people of WikiLeaks for their bravery and courage,” Chávez commented in televised remarks.[111]

Criticism

WikiLeaks has attracted criticism from a variety of sources.[112]

In 2007 John Young, operator of cryptome, left his position on the WikiLeaks Board of Directors accusing the group of being a "CIA conduit." Young subsequently retreated from his assertion but has continued to be critical of the site.[113] In a 2010 interview with CNET.com Young accused the group of a lack of transparency regarding their fundraising and financial management. He went on to state his belief that WikiLeaks could not guarantee whistleblowers the anonymity or confidentiality they claimed and that he "would not trust them with information if it had any value, or if it put me at risk or anyone that I cared about at risk."[114]

Citing the leaking of the sorority rituals of Alpha Sigma Tau, Steven Aftergood has opined that WikiLeaks "does not respect the rule of law nor does it honor the rights of individuals." Aftergood went on to state that WikiLeaks engages in unrestrained disclosure of non-governmental secrets without compelling public policy reasons and that many anti-corruption activists were opposed to the site's activities.[115]

In 2010, Amnesty International joined several other human rights groups criticizing WikiLeaks for not adequately redacting the names of Afghan civilians working as U.S. military informants from files they had released. Julian Assange responded by offering Amnesty International staff the opportunity to assist in the document vetting process. When Amnesty International appeared to express reservations in accepting the offer, Assange dismissed the group as "people who prefer to do nothing but cover their asses." Other groups that joined Amnesty International in criticizing WikiLeaks subsequently noted that, despite their displeasure over the issue of civilian name redaction, they generally appreciated WikiLeaks work.[116]

In an August 2010 open letter, the non-governmental organization Reporters Without Borders praised WikiLeaks' past usefulness in exposing "serious violations of human rights and civil liberties" but criticized the group over a perceived absence of editorial control, stating "indiscriminately publishing 92,000 classified reports reflects a real problem of methodology and, therefore, of credibility. Journalistic work involves the selection of information. The argument with which you defend yourself, namely that WikiLeaks is not made up of journalists, is not convincing."[117] The group subsequently clarified their statement as a criticism of WikiLeaks release procedure and not the organization itself, stating "we reaffirm our support for Wikileaks, its work and its founding principles."[118]

On 30 November 2010, former Canadian government adviser Tom Flanagan, while appearing on the CBC television program "Power & Politics", called for Julian Assange to be killed. "I think Assange should be assassinated," Flanagan stated, before noting to host Evan Solomon, "I'm feeling pretty manly today." Flanagan subsequently retracted his call for the death of Assange while reiterating his opposition to WikiLeaks.[119]

Criticism by governments

Many of the governments and organizations whose files have been leaked by WikiLeaks have been critical of the organization. Following the November 2010 release of United States diplomatic cables, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton denounced the group saying, "this disclosure is not just an attack on America's foreign policy interests, it is an attack on the international community."[120] Peter King, chairman of the Homeland Security Committee of the United States House of Representatives has stated his support for listing Wikileaks as a "foreign terrorist organization" explaining that "WikiLeaks presents a clear and present danger to the national security of the United States."[121]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, president of Iran, joined in criticism of WikiLeaks following the November 2010 release of United States diplomatic cables. Ahmadinejad claimed that the release of cables purporting to show concern with Iran by Arab states was a planned leak by the United States to discredit his government, though he did not indicate whether he believed WikiLeaks was in collusion with the United States or was simply an unwitting facilitator.[122]

Philip J. Crowley, the current United States Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs, has stated that the US State Department does not regard WikiLeaks as a legitimate media organization.[2]

Leaks

See main article WikiLeaks leaks


See also

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wikileaks:About. WikiLeaks. Archived from source 14 March 2008. URL accessed on 3 June 2009.
  2. ↑ Wikileaks has 1.2 million documents?. WikiLeaks. Archived from source 16 February 2008. URL accessed on 28 February 2008.
  3. ↑ McGreal, Chris. Wikileaks reveals video showing U.S. air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians, The Guardian, 5 April 2010.
  4. ↑ Winners of Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award AnnouncedTemplate:dead link 22 April 2008
  5. ↑ Kenya: The Cry of Blood â€“ Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances, Sep 2008Template:dead link WikiLeaks.
  6. ↑ Amnesty announces Media Awards 2009 winners Amnesty.org.uk, 2 June 2009
  7. ↑ Reso, Paulina (20 May 2010). "5 pioneering Web sites that could totally change the news". Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/money/2010/05/20/2010-05-20_5_pioneering_web_sites_that_could_totally_change_the_news.html. Retrieved 8 June 2010. </li>
  8. ↑ "AP Interview: WikiLeaks to publish new documents". 8 August 2010. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/W/WIKILEAKS_NEW_FILES?SITE=NVLAS&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT. Retrieved 8 August 2010. Template:Dead link </li>
  9. ↑ "Reportedly spurred by the leak of the Pentagon papers, Assange unveiled WikiLeaks in December 2006" WikiLeaks' War on Secrecy: Truth's Consequences. URL accessed on 4 December 2010.
  10. ↑ "In December, 2006, WikiLeaks posted its first document" No Secrets. URL accessed on 1 December 2010.
  11. ↑ Paul Marks (13 January 2007). "How to leak a secret and not get caught". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/channel/tech/mg19325865.500-how-to-leak-a-secret-and-not-get-caught.html. Retrieved 28 February 2008. </li>
  12. ↑ Agence France Press (11 January 2007). "Chinese cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers". The Age (Melbourne). http://www.theage.com.au/news/Technology/Chinese-cyberdissidents-launch-WikiLeaks-a-site-forwhistleblowers/2007/01/11/1168105082315.html. Retrieved 17 June 2010. </li>
  13. ↑ "Rudd Government blacklist hacker monitors police". The Australian author=Richard Guilliatt. 30 May 2009. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/rudd-government-blacklist-hacker-monitors-police/story-e6frg8yx-1225718288350. Retrieved 17 June 2010. </li>
  14. ↑ "WikiLeaks Founder on the Run, Trailed by Notoriety". http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/world/24assange.html. </li>
  15. ↑ WikiLeaks:Advisory Board. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 16 June 2010. Template:Dead link
  16. ↑ Inside WikiLeaks’ Leak Factory. Mother Jones. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  17. ↑ "Cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers". South China Morning Post. 11 January 2007. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070221224039/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=60857. Retrieved 28 February 2008. </li>
  18. ↑ Kearny. Wikileaks and Untraceable Document Disclosure. Now Public News. Archived from source 27 September 2007. URL accessed on 28 February 2008., Wikileaks.
  19. ↑ "WikiLeaks and Julian Paul Assange". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?printable=true. Retrieved 8 June 2010. </li>
  20. ↑ Wiktionary definition of tranche. En.wiktionary.org. URL accessed on 22 October 2010.
  21. ↑ "Wikileaks denies Tor hacker eavesdropping gave site its starte". The Register. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/02/wikileaks_tor_snooping_denial/. Retrieved 10 July 2010. </li>
  22. ↑ "Wikileaks Releases Secret Report on Military Equipment". The New York Sun. 9 September 2007. http://www.nysun.com/article/62236. Retrieved 28 February 2008. </li>
  23. ↑ "Leak secrets trouble free". Scenta. 15 January 2007. Archived from the original on 27 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071127164824/http://www.scenta.co.uk/scenta/news.cfm?cit_id=1432293&FAArea1=widgets.content_view_1. Retrieved 28 February 2008. </li>
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Scott Bradner "WikiLeaks: a site for exposure", Linuxworld, 18 January 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.
  25. ↑ Staff Reports (18 January 2007). "Whistleblower Website Coming". Free-Market News Network. http://www.freemarketnews.com/WorldNews.asp?nid=31640. Retrieved 28 February 2008. Template:Dead link </li>
  26. ↑ twitter.com/wikiLeaks at 1.24 am 24 Dec 2009. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  27. ↑ Wikileaks is overloaded. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 31 December 2009. "To concentrate on raising the funds necessary to keep us alive into 2010, we have reluctantly suspended all other operations, but will be back soon."wikileaks.org
  28. ↑ Wikileaks Mirror. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 13 February 2010.
  29. ↑ Another Wikileaks Mirror. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 13 February 2010.
  30. ↑ WikiLeaks is overloaded. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 17 February 2010.
  31. ↑ Butselaar, Emily (29 January 2010). "Dig deep for WikiLeaks". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jan/29/wikileaks-shut-down. Retrieved 30 January 2010. </li>
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 Interview with Julian Assange, spokesperson of Wikileaks: Leak-o-nomy: The Economy of Wikileaks.
  33. ↑ WikiLeaks. at 7:42 am 5 Jan 2010. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  34. ↑ www.twitter.com/wikileaks at 3 February 5.51 pm. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  35. ↑ Paypal has again locked our.... WikiLeaks. Twitter. URL accessed on 26 January 2010.
  36. ↑ Paypal has freed up our.... WikiLeaks. Twitter. URL accessed on 26 January 2010.
  37. ↑ [1].
  38. ↑ No Secrets, by Raffi Khatchadourian, New Yorker, 7 June 2010.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Cohen, Noam (17 June 2010). "Knight Foundation Hands Out Grants to 12 Groups, but Not WikiLeaks - Media Decoder Blog - NYTimes.com". Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com. http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/17/knight-foundation-hands-out-grants-to-12-groups-but-not-wikileaks/. Retrieved 1 August 2010. </li>
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