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| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''
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|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure
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[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]
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Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]
 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]
 
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,
 
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,
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[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]
 
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[[Category:Albany, California]]
 
[[Category:Albany, California]]
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=Marijuana and Pinky and the Brain and the other guy=
 
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Marijuana_and_the_brain
 
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'''[[Marijuana]]''' is the most widely used illicit drug in the [[United States]] in the [[adolescent]] population, and almost half (44%) of senior high-school students have reported using marijuana in their lifetime {{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}.  Of these, 5% report daily usage; which seems to decrease with age <ref name=Padula2007>Padula, C., Schweinsburg, A. & Tapert, F. (2007). Spatial working memory performance and fMRI activation interactions in abstinent adolescent marijuana users. ''Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(4),'' 478-487.</ref>.  Despite cognitive, social as well as neurological evidence to the contrary, the existence of marijuana addiction and conversely marijuana dependency has been disputed and it is not as of yet included as an addictive disorder in the fourth edition of the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-IV).
 
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==Cognitive Correlates of Marijuana==
 
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[[Image:Bodily effects of cannabis.png|thumb|alt=A|Areas in the body affected by marijuana use.]]
 
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===Brain function and adolescent marijuana use===
 
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[[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) has been used in a number of studies to observe patterns of brain activity in relation to cannabis use. These methods have shown some evidence that heavy marijuana users have a subtle reorganization of neural networks in relation to spatial [[working memory]] demands, which may largely resolve following several months of abstinence<ref name=Jacobus2009>{{cite journal |authors=Jacobus J, Bava S, Cohen-Zion M, Mahmood O, Tapert SF |title=Functional Consequences of Marijuana Use in Adolescents |journal=Pharmacol Biochem Behav |year=2009 |pmid=19348837 |pmcid=2697065}}</ref>. Adolescent marijuana users show a variety of minor changes in brain activation, including increased activity in the right [[parietal lobe]] and right [[dorsolateral prefrontal cortex]], areas important for executive functioning and attention.<ref name=Jacobus2009/> There has also been evidence for increased activation in parietal, superior, temporal, hippocampal, and posterior cingulate regions during working memory tasks <ref name=Jacobus2009/>. Adolescent regular marijuana users perform worse than control subjects on tests of attention, nonverbal memory, and learning, although the differences are not large in magnitude <ref name=Jacobus2009/>.
 
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===Implicit Cognition and Marijuana Use===
 
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The [[dopaminergic system]] is activated after using marijuana which creates a sense of pleasure within the user. Users learn from their physiological marijuana experience and many people do not experience the subjective effects of marijana until they have used it multiple times <ref>Linkovich-Kyle, T.L., & Dunn, M.E. (2001). Consumption-related differences in the organization and activation of marijuana expectancies in memory. ''Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 9,'' 3, 334-342.</ref>. The learning experienced from using marijuana multiple times suggests that memory may play a part in the use of marijuana, and it's not surprising that drug reinforcement and addiction has been examined from expectancy and memory association perspectives.  In these paradigms, expectancy is viewed as implicit nodes of information pertaining to marijuana that is connected to an extensive semantic network that joins the individual’s prior experiences (and therefore memories of these experiences) that are in some way related to the idea of marijuana.  These expectancies act as associations that bind memories, and the more memories an individual has that are related to a specific idea, the more probable it is that this network will be activated.  This network can be activated by a variety of stimuli that are captured by a variety of senses and subsequently encoded into memory, and is thus cross modal <ref name=Stacy1995>Stacy, A. (1995). Memory association and ambiguous cues in models of alcohol and marijuana use. ''Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 3(2),'' 183–194.</ref>. For instance, a particular smell may elicit a visual memory, or a particular sound heard by the individual may elicit a specific smell from memory.  These memories also extend to affective evaluations as well as motor sequences associated with a particular experience.  As a result, stimuli encountered in the environment may activate this network and thus influence the individual’s resulting behaviour.  Using this paradigm as a framework for research, studies have found that marijuana users are more likely than non-users to activate this network when presented with cues related to marijuana usage (i.e. marijuana paraphernalia) in comparison to neutral cues.  Furthermore, heavy users’ networks consist of positive expectancies such as relaxation, enhanced abilities on cognitive tasks, as well as stimulating social behaviour, whereas the opposite effect was found in non-users.  This may help explain the reinforcing effects of drugs on individuals who as a result become addicted to the substance. As such, it becomes difficult when attempting to disentangle the chemical effects of marijuana from the associations between previous experiences, since both play a part in addiction.  This becomes especially apparent in the phenomenon known as reverse tolerance, in which individual differences result in different experiences when initially exposed to marijuana.  Some individuals fail to experience the intoxicating effects associated with marijuana usage during primary exposure, and these effects materialize only after multiple exposures <ref>Dunn, M. & Linkovich-Kyle, T. (2001). Consumption-related differences in the organization and activation of marijuana expectancies in memory. ''Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 9(3),'' 334–342.</ref>.  Drug users attribute more positive connections to drug use than non-users, and as such they become biased in their evaluations of related as well as unrelated cues and are more likely to connect neutral cues to the drug network than non-users <ref name=Stacy1995/>.  This [[cue reactivity]] suggests that drug users are more likely to be reminded of drugs, and are thus more likely to engage in the act of using drugs <ref>Ames, S., Dent, C., Stacy, A. & Sussman, S. (1996). Implicit cognition in adolescent drug use. ''Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 10(3),'' 190–203.</ref>.  Furthermore, when presenting these cues to marijuana users, they are more likely to report cravings for the drug <ref>Gray, K., LaRowe, S. & Upadhyaya, H. (2008). Cue reactivity in young marijuana smokers: a preliminary investigation. ''Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 22(4),'' 582–586.</ref>.
 
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===Motor Skills===
 
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Not only are the [[motor skills]] of adults and adolescents affected by marijuana, but children and newborns born to cannabis users also suffer from such motor problems. Newborns and infants born to cannabis users have increased tremors, exaggerated startle responses and poor [[habituation]] to novel stimuli and by the age of 10 children were reported to have increased [[hyperactivity]], inattention, and impulsive symptoms <ref>Lutz, B. (2009). From Molecular neurodevelopment to psychiatry: new insights in mechanisms underlying cannabis-induced psychosis and schizophrenia. ''Psychiatry Clinical Neuroscience, 259,'' 369-370.</ref>.
 
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==Impact on adolescent users==
 
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Marijuana use during [[adolescence]] is fairly common and the implications of its use are many. During adolescence the brain is developing and exposure to marijuana during this critical period could result in an interruption of maturational processes, however as of yet there is no evidence to prove this. Adolescents who use marijuana heavily tend to show disadvantaged attention, learning, and processing speed; subtle abnormalities in brain structure; increased activation during cognitive tasks despite intact performance.<ref name=Jacobus2009/>
 
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===Neurological Impact of Marijuana in Adolescence===
 
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Adolescents are the most frequent users of marijuana in the United States, and they may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects associated with this illicit substance since the brain undergoes rapid neurodevelopment during this stage of life.  Studies have examined these aversive effects in adolescent rats and found them to be impaired in tasks involving spatial working memory.  Since the hippocampus is the neurological correlate of spatial memory, neuroplasticity in the form of less synaptic contacts is exhibited in this region in response to THC treatment <ref name=Braida2009>Braida, D., Bartesaghi, R., Capurro, V., Guidali, C., Sala, M., Parolaro, D., Pinter, M., Realini, N., Rubino, T. &  Vigano, D. (2009).  Changes in hippocampal morphology and neuroplasticity induced by adolescent THC treatment are associated with cognitive impairment in adulthood. ''Hippocampus, 19,'' 763-772.</ref>.  Synaptic contacts connect neurons (nerve cells in the brain) by enabling them to communicate with each other, and if these contacts are disturbed, the area will not be able to function properly.  Furthermore, it seems as though depressive mood states in females are initiated by chronic THC administration to adolescent rats, thus indicating morphological changes in the emotional circuit in the brain.  Lasting deficits in recognition memory were also found in adult rats that had been chronically treated with THC in adolescence, and short-term learning impairments were also found.  Adult rats who are administered THC in adulthood do not show any of these long-term effects, thus providing evidence that adolescents are especially vulnerable to these adverse effects produced by THC.  These changes have been objectively measured by counting the amount of presynaptic (before the synapse) and postsynaptic proteins (after the synapse) VAMP2 and PSD95, respectively, in the hippocampus.  Complex brain functions (such as learning and memory) require new synaptic contacts to be made, and decreases in VAMP2 and PSD95 can be found in adolescent rats treated with THC, thus indicating less synaptic contacts during these processes <ref name=Braida2009/>.
 
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==Marijuana and mental illiness==
 
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Research has also found that cannabis use, particularly heavy cannabis use, can produce confusion, [[amnesia]], [[delusions]], [[hallucinations]], anxiety, or agitation <ref name=Hall1998/> These consequences are more likely to occur more rapidly following a period of abstinence from marijuana.<ref name=Hall1998>{{cite journal |authors=Hall, W., & Solowij, N. |year=1998 |title=Adverse effects of cannabis |journal=The Lancet volume=352 |pages=1611-1616 |pmid=9843121}}</ref>
 
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Cannabis use has been linked with psychosis. A study involving a large sample of [[Swedish people|Swedish]] conscripts found a relationship between the amount of cannabis consumed by participants and [[schizophrenia]]. Specifically, frequency of consumption by the age of 18 predicted the risk of obtaining a diagnosis of schizophrenia within the next 15 years.<ref name=Hall1998/> It was found that cannabis use only exacerbated underlying schizophrenic symptoms and disorders within vulnerable users; cannabis use did not cause schizophrenia within an individual who did not have any underlying or genetic predisposition to the disorder.<ref name=Hall1998/>
 
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==Effects on neurophysiology==
 
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===Role of the Endocannabinoid System===
 
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Recent neurobiological studies have investigated the role of the [[endocannabinoid system]] in drug addiction in the brain and have examined its role in motivation and reward.  It was found that this system is connected to the [[ventral tegmental area]] (VTA, which contains dopaminergic cell bodies) via the release of endocannabinoids in response to drug intake.  It is through this mechanism that the rewarding effects of not only cannabinoids (found in marijuana), but nicotine (found in cigarettes), alcohol and opioids are mediated.  This provides evidence for a common underlying mechanism in drug addiction that is activated by a variety of substances of abuse.  Furthermore, the endocannibinoid system is involved in relapse, in which behaviour to actively seek drugs is re-instated following extinction.  This behaviour is influenced by the social context of the environment; which initiates the motivation to seek drugs.  The effects of the endocannabinoid system is regulated by the CB1 cannabinoid receptor found in the central nervous system.<ref name=Berrendero2006>Berrendero, F., Maldonado, R. & Valverde, O. (2006). Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in drug addiction. ''Trends in Neurosciences, 29(4),'' 225-232.</ref>  These receptors are for the most part pre-synaptic in location, and exert their effects by inhibiting the release of [[neurotransmitters]]<ref name=Cassidy2008>Cassidy, M., Collier, L., Martin, B., McKinney, D., Selley, D., Sim-Selley, L. & Wiley, J. (2008). Dose-related differences in the regional pattern of cannabinoid receptor adaptation and in vivo tolerance development to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. ''Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 324,'' 664-673.</ref>.  There are certain antagonists of this receptor, such as [[rimonabant]], that are able to block the activation of the cannabinoid receptor. These antagonists could serve as a contemporary means for treating drug addiction since they prevent drugs from accessing the brain, which in turn would extinguish the rewarding effects associated with these substances <ref name=Berrendero2006/>.
 
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It is the neurological changes that are effected by the properties of drugs of abuse that mediate the behaviour of the individual, and as such the prevention of these cellular changes will manifest as a cessation of habitual drug taking behaviour.  This is accomplished by eliminating the rewarding properties of drugs and thus the motivation to seek drugs.  The environmental conditions associated with initial drug taking, abstinence and relapse all cause neurological adaptations in the brain that the organism attempts to physically adapt to <ref name=Berrendero2006/>.  This is what underlies the phenomena of tolerance and withdrawal, and it provides a complex view of interacting biological and environmental forces in drug addiction.  These neural circuits are modulated by chemicals in the brain (called neurotransmitters) as well as by the chemicals provided by drugs, and change morphologically in response to the concentration of the chemicals from the drugs <ref name=Berrendero2006/>.  When the organism suddenly terminates drug intake, these circuits become dysregulated, causing adverse side-effects which then serve to motivate the individual to re-initiate drug taking.
 
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The phenomenon of morphological changes in neural circuits is referred to as plasticity, and this has been found in a brain structure called the [[nucleus accumbens]].  The nucleus accumbens is involved in behaviour initiated by the lure of reward, and as such contributes to drug addiction.  Not only does the nucleus accumbens contain CB1 receptors, but they can be found in many other brain structures as well, some of which include the VTA (as mentioned earlier), the [[basolateral amygdala]], the cerebellum, the basal ganglia as well as the [[hippocampus]] <ref name=Cassidy2008/>.  Furthermore, deactivation has been found in the prefrontal cortex in response to THC administration in rats.  The [[amygdala]] shares connections with the prefrontal cortex, and together they act to mediate anxiety.  Thus, THC has been found to influence anxiety-like behaviour in rats by reducing the automatic fear-response that accompanies uncertain situations, and instead induces risky behaviour <ref name=Braida2007>Braida, D., Castiglioni, C., Guidali, C., Limonta, V., Parolaro, D., Realini, N., Rubino, T. & Sala, M. (2007). Cellular mechanisms underlying the anxiolytic effect of low doses of peripheral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. ''Neuropsychopharmacology, 32,'' 2036-2045.</ref>.  It is assumed that these findings can be generalized to humans, so it is clear to see the possible implications that this may pose socially.  The hippocampus is critically involved in memory processes and the cerebellum and basal ganglia play a role in movement; which suggests an involvement of cannabinoids in short-term memory interference and inhibition of movement <ref name=Cassidy2008/>.
 
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===Cannabinoids and Pain===
 
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Studies on mice have shown that chronic administration of delta9-[[tetrahydrocannibinol]] (THC); which is the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, produces tolerance in the form of neurological adaptation.  Some of the symptoms asscociated with cannabinoid administration are decreased sensitivity to pain <ref name=Cassidy2008/>.  Due to their analgesic properties, cannabinoids have been used clinically for patients suffering from chronic pain.  However, since tolerance is known to develop after chronic use, these antinociceptive effects become reduced and increasing doses are required to maintain these effects.  Specifically, tolerance is exhibited by the interaction of the CB1 receptor with a G-protein-associated sorting protein (GASP1), which is a protein that sorts CB1 receptors into compartments called lysosomes that act to digest the receptor.  This digestion process breaks the receptor apart through the action of enzymes, thus deactivating and destroying it.  When this interaction is disrupted, tolerance developed in response to cannabinoid administration is also disrupted, and thus the analgesic effects produced by cannabinoids continue to be experienced <ref>Agarwal, N., Katona, I., Kuner, T., Kuner, R., Mackie, K., Martini, L., Mopnyer, H., Parolaro, D.,Rubino, T.,  Swiercz, J., Tappe-Theodor, A. & Whistler, J. (2007). A molecular basis of analgesic tolerance to cannabinoids. ''Journal of Neuroscience, 27(15),'' 4165-4177.</ref>.  Individual differences have been found with respect to cannabanoid tolerance.  This can be explained on a cellular level, where different people display varying concentrations of CB1 receptors in different locations in the brain.  Repeated administration of high doses of cannabinoids or chronic administration of smaller doses of cannabinoids leads to tolerance in the form of the downregulation and desensitization of receptors; which has recently{{when|date=January 2011}} been found in the brains of human cannabis users.  This adaptive mechanism varies by brain region, where some regions exhibit greater tolerance in comparison to other regions <ref name=Berrendero2006/><ref name=Cassidy2008/>.
 
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===Tetrahydrocannabinol and Anxiety===
 
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[[Image:THC structure.png|thumb|alt=A|Molecular structure of THC, the primary active ingredient found in marijuana.]]
 
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Recent studies using animal models have shown that tetrahydrocannabinol may play a role in inducing anxiety-like behaviour in rats.  This had been demonstrated using the elevated plus maze (EPM), which is a method used to determine the relative anxiety experienced by rats by observing how much time they spent in an enclosed arm of the maze versus an open arm of the maze.  However, the specific role of cannabinoids in anxiety is controversial.  Previous studies have found mixed results, where certain doses of cannabinoids produce [[anxiolytic]]-like response whereas others seem to produce [[anxiogenic]]-like responses, thus suggesting a dose-dependent behavioural response <ref name=Braida2007/>.  Interestingly, these effects were also mediated by contextual factors in the environment, thus reinforcing the notion that internal and external variables interact to produce the organism’s experience.  These studies have also used cFos expression to map anatomical regions and identify cells belonging to specific neurological circuits as they are activated to specific chemical as well as environmental stimuli.  This helps researchers to identify the regions in the brain that are involved in certain responses to drugs of abuse.  Evidence supporting this comes from the use of CB1 receptor antagonists, which when administered block and reverse the anxiolytic effects of THC <ref name=Braida2007/>.
 
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==References==
 
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{{Reflist|2}}
 
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[[CDC 29]] [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001143.htm] Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Marijuana And The Brain}}
 
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[[Category:Cannabis]]
 
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[[Category:Neuroscience]]
 
  
  

Latest revision as of 08:06, 11 September 2015

BLANKING ........ Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure This is not an official WP notice User:Anarchangel (time)

Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)

Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.

This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,

Jash[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash Jash (Kurdish: CaÅŸ or CahÅŸ, literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or fursan[1] is a type of collaborator[1], usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.[1][2][3] The term is considered derogatory[1] in a cultural sense in much the same way as quisling is.

History[edit]

In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the Battle of Badr, a commander's orders informed jash units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.[4]

In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the Iraqi government have been referred to as jash.[3] The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the Iran–Iraq War. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".[5]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 McDowall, David (May 15, 2004). A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition, Third, I.B.Tauris.
  2. ↑ Prunhuber, Carol (January 21, 2010). The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan, iUniverse.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mackey, Sandra (2003). The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein, New York: W. W. Norton &amp; Company.
  4. ↑ Jonathan C. Randal, After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan, 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231
  5. ↑ Bird, Christiane (2004). A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan, Random House, Inc. URL accessed January 31, 2011.


List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms[edit]

2010 UK student protests[edit]

Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.

Wikipedia:Laplace "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.[1]the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the Principle of Laplace)". Here is the only LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)

WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept[edit]

Water and the environment[edit]

An article on this subject has been nominated
for deletion on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Water and the environment 		WP
NO
DEL

Template:rescue

A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the Aral Sea. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.

Water is an important part of the environment since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various environmental issues have arisen due to this usage.

Occurrence[edit]

Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.

Water is widely distributed on Earth in three phases of matter as solid, liquid and gas. Ice is the solid phase.

Usage[edit]

Template:Empty section

Water pollution[edit]

Main article: Water pollution


Water conservation[edit]

Water conservation is increasingly practised as the demand for water resources increases.

See also[edit]

Template:Portal

References[edit]

  1. ↑ A sense of place in the heartland, The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online



George Watsky[edit]

http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky

close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/%7Cdate=January 2011 Template:Infobox Writer

George Watsky is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from San Francisco, California. Watsky performs slam poetry, and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on HBO.[1] Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.[2] He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.[unverified] He also was one of the three poets who performed live on Fox at the NAACP Image Awards in honor of Russell Simmons’ lifetime achievement award.[3] Watsky graduated from Emerson College earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral YouTube video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.[4] He was recently featured on The Ellen DeGeneres Show performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track hip-hop album titled "Watsky."

Watsky was profiled in the Boston Globe in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."[5]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/
  2. ↑ http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html
  3. ↑ http://georgewatsky.com/about/
  4. ↑ [1]
  5. ↑ http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/



Friends of Five Creeks[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks


Template:Infobox organization Friends of Five Creeks is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern Alameda County and western Contra Costa, California, United States.[1][2][3] Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.[4][5]

History[edit]

The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were Cerrito Creek-Middle/Blackberry, Marin Creek, Codornices Creek, Schoolhouse Creek and Marin/Village Creek, however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of Berkeley, Albany, El Cerrito, Kensington, Richmond, and the surrounding unincorporated areas.[3][2] Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the Urban Creeks Council.[6] The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.[7][2] There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.[4] The organization is registered with the California Coastal Commission.[1]

Creek work[edit]

Village Creek is maintained by FFC.

The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.[8]

Cerrito Creek runs from the El Cerrito hills to the San Francisco Bay. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center.[4] Further down stream part of the creek runs through Pacific East Mall's parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and Albany.[9][10] This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.[11][10] FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.[10]

In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of Codornices Creek.[12] In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.[13] The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new Whole Foods supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in U.C. Village.[14]

The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the Berkeley Meadow and Eastshore State Park in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.[15][16][17] Working with Citizens for Eastshore Parks FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.[18]

Education work[edit]

Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.[19]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Friends of Five Creeks. California Coastal Commission. 2011. 27-01-2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature. Shellah Moody. San Francisco Chronicle. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks . El Cerrito Patch. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Creeks. El-Cerrito.org. City of El Cerrito website. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  5. ↑ Kauffman, Turk Paved Paradise in Berkeley. European Social Ecology Institute. URL accessed on 2011-01-28.
  6. ↑ Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light. Katherine Redding. San Francisco Chronicle. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  7. ↑ Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday. Albany Patch. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  8. ↑ Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]
  9. ↑ Cerrito Creek watershed map. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill. Ron Sullivan. Berkeley Daily Planet. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.
  11. ↑ Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.
  12. ↑ Beth El decision set for Tuesday Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011
  13. ↑ Friends of Five Creeks
  14. ↑ Crampton, {{{first}}} (2007). A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek, . University of California.
  15. ↑ Berkeley Takes Action. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.
  16. ↑ Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  17. ↑ Friends of Five Creeks. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  18. ↑ Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.
  19. ↑ Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track, San Francisco Chronicle, November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011

External links[edit]

Template:Portal Template:Use dmy dates


Luis Posada Carriles[edit]

'so evil even the US wants him'

Traditional western medicine[edit]

redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art


Grand External Propaganda Strategy[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge

Grand External Propaganda Strategy, (Chinese:宏大的對外宣傳格局), short for （大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民币), initiated in early 2009 by Hu Jintao. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢占先机，赢得话语权，掌握主动权，抓住提高舆论引导能力和国际传播能力”)

Both Li Changchun and Liu Yunshan have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, andLi Changchun stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:宏大的對外宣傳格局)[1][2][3]

1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020[edit]

On 24/4/2009, Li Changchun made announcement that the setting up of Confucius Institute around the world is an important and integral part of the Grand External Propaganda Strategy. According the Confucius Institute's constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.[4][5]

External link[edit]

Reference[edit]

  1. ↑ http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html 新华社央视正招兵买马 中国大外宣提升软实力|星岛环球网 www.stnn.cc2009-04-27
  2. ↑ http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 揭开神秘的“大外宣”计划之面纱 作者：何清涟
  3. ↑ http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009
  4. ↑ http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶達知: 孔子學院——中共大外宣格局的重要組成部份
  5. ↑ http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟：中国“大外宣”的“本土化”战略： 2010-11-12 1


Afghan(istan) Justice Project[edit]

CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project

Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop[edit]

South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?


Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology

The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section (CEP) is a section of the British Psychological Society (BPS) for those interested in the psychology of consciousness and experience. Initiated in 1994 by Jane Henry, Max Velmans, John Pickering, Elizabeth Valentine and Richard Stevens, the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of consciousness studies into mainstream psychology.[1] Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the BPS Annual Conference. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of consciousness,[2] to bring scientific research on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the quality of life’.[3] As of 2010 Susan Stuart is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,[4][5] usually in Oxford.

Professional association[edit]

The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.[6] This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and experience. The Section is an interest group comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional psychologists devoted to the study of consciousness.Template:citation needed

References[edit]

  1. ↑ www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009
  2. ↑ Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press
  3. ↑ .www.bps.org.uk/cep
  4. ↑ www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf
  5. ↑ www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf
  6. ↑ www.bps.org.uk

External links[edit]


Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)[edit]

deleted from Wikipedia Little information. Have to start it from scratch.


dead map[edit]

A dead map is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. Russia the United States and Great Britain all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations


National RTI Forum[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum Result:Keep National RTI Forum is a grassroots anti-corruption organization in India that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 Right to Information Act. The organization is based in Lucknow. Several of its activists have been murdered.


Owen Paul Honors, Jr[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors No Consensus defaults to Keep Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.


Wikipedia:DEL and Policy content such as WP:IDL that directly address the conduct of discussion should be the only standard. DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD

Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.

Wikipedia:WikiDoc[edit]

wiki req medical credentials


Int'l law redlinks on WP[edit]

on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. A. and Others v. the United Kingdom. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.

PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf


AfD[edit]


Libertarian Party UK[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far

Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others[edit]

Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes[edit]

Trevor Clark[edit]

Site link shows very badly retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki, which received a close to Keep.

Template:Article for deletion/dated Template:BLP unsourced Trevor Clark began his career in London as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the Swinging Sixties who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the Beatles, Rolling Stones, and Moody Blues were photographed at Trevor's studio.

Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in Mallorca, where he still lives.

He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.

Michael Oren Fitzgerald[edit]

Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.

External links[edit]

i

The Rule: The Game[edit]

And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination) and under a new name: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)


Gitmo captives & links[edit]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2

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