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Ticket of leave
A ticket of leave was a document of Wikipedia:parole issued to convicts. It began under the system of penal transportation (WP) from the United Kingdom (WP) to Australia.
The ticket was expounded upon for the First World War when a ticket was allowed on condition that he then signed up for military service.
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Australian penal colonies[edit]
Once granted a ticket of leave, a convict was permitted to seek Wikipedia:employment within a specified district but could not leave the district without the permission of the government or the district's Wikipedia:resident magistrate. Each change of employer or district was recorded on the ticket. [1]
Originally the "ticket of leave" could be given with no relation to any period of the sentence being served. Starting in 1811 a concept of serving some term in prison first was established and in 1821 specific terms were added to the length prisoners sentence that must be first served before a ticket was to be allowed. These were 4 years served for a 7 year sentence, 6 years of a 14 year sentence and a life sentence meant that 8 years must be served before the "ticket" could be considered.[2]
Ticket-of-leave men were permitted to Wikipedia:marry or to bring their families from Britain, and to acquire property, but they were not permitted to carry Wikipedia:firearms or board a Wikipedia:ship. They were often required to repay the cost of their passage to the Wikipedia:colony.
A convict who observed the conditions of his ticket-of-leave until the completion of one half of his sentence was entitled to a conditional Wikipedia:pardon, which removed all restrictions except the right to leave the colony. Convicts who did not observe the conditions of their ticket could be Wikipedia:arrested without warrant, tried without recourse to the Wikipedia:Supreme Court of Australia, and would forfeit their property.
The ticket of leave had to be renewed annually, and those with one had to attend muster and church services.
The ticket itself was a highly detailed document listing the place and year the convict was tried, the name of the ship in which he or she was transported, and the length of the sentence. There was also a detailed physical description of the convict, along with year of birth, former occupation and “native place.â€
Starting in 1853, the system was applied in England to prisoners who had served a period of Wikipedia:probation, and had shown good behaviour.
Ticket of leave man and beyond[edit]
Soldiers who had received tickets on the condition of military service were known as "Tickets". The dichotomy between the state's treatment of the law regarding prison terms, and its treatment of the law when it suited the state to ignore it, made the term loaded with controversy, and it was widely used in different contexts as a metaphor as well as a pejorative. "Tickets" were seen as being the lowest of the low, looked down upon by even the most reluctant of volunteers. This is seen in the US civil war era play "The Ticket of Leave Man". The term was used by Karl Marx in his description of the Paris Commune. It was in use in both the Cuban Spanish-American War and the Boer War.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Bottomley: Parole in Transition: A Comparative Study of Origins, Developments, and Prospects for the 1990s. scholar.google.com. URL accessed on 2008-05-11.
- ↑ Alexander B. Smith; Louis Berlin (1988). Treating the criminal offender, p. 426, Springer. URL accessed 7 February 2011.
External links[edit]
- 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica-Ticket-of-Leave: Wikisource
