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Difference between revisions of "The Internationale"
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The ''Internationale'' became the anthem of international socialism. Its original French refrain is ''C'est la lutte finale/ Groupons-nous et demain/ L'Internationale/ Sera le genre humain.'' (Freely translated: "This is the final struggle/ Let us join together and tomorrow/ The Internationale/ Will be the human race.") ''The Internationale'' has been translated into many of the world's languages. Traditionally it is sung with the hand raised in a [[Raised fist|clenched fist salute]]. ''The Internationale'' is sung not only by communists but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats, as well as anarchists. | The ''Internationale'' became the anthem of international socialism. Its original French refrain is ''C'est la lutte finale/ Groupons-nous et demain/ L'Internationale/ Sera le genre humain.'' (Freely translated: "This is the final struggle/ Let us join together and tomorrow/ The Internationale/ Will be the human race.") ''The Internationale'' has been translated into many of the world's languages. Traditionally it is sung with the hand raised in a [[Raised fist|clenched fist salute]]. ''The Internationale'' is sung not only by communists but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats, as well as anarchists. | ||
| − | + | ==Original French lyrics and copyright controversy== | |
| − | The original French words were written in June 1871 by [[Eugène Pottier]] (1816& | + | The original French words were written in June 1871 by [[Eugène Pottier]] (1816–1887, later a member of the [[Paris Commune]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/7078/inter.txt|title=The International|author=The Guardian, Australia|pages=first paragraph}}</ref> and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of ''[[La Marseillaise]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonoma.edu/users/w/wallsd/smm-aging-anthems.shtml#_ednref15|title=Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?|author=David Walls, [[Sonoma State University]]}}</ref> [[Pierre De Geyter]] (1848–1932) set the poem to music in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/7078/inter.txt|title=The International|author=The Guardian, Australia|pages=ninth paragraph}}</ref> His melody was first publicly performed in July 1888<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/7078/inter.txt|title=The International|author=The Guardian, Australia|pages=11th paragraph}}</ref> and became widely used soon after. |
| − | In an unsuccessful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version of his family name (Degeyter). In 1904, Pierre's brother Adolphe was induced by the [[Lille]] mayor [[:fr:Gustave Delory|Gustave Delory]] to claim copyright, so that the income of the song would continue to go to Delory's [[French Socialist Party (1902)|French Socialist Party]]. Pierre De Geyter lost the first copyright case in 1914, but after his brother committed [[suicide]] and left a note explaining the fraud, Pierre was declared the copyright owner by a court of appeal in 1922. | + | In an unsuccessful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version of his family name (Degeyter). In 1904, Pierre's brother Adolphe was induced by the [[Lille]] mayor [[:fr:Gustave Delory|Gustave Delory]] to claim copyright, so that the income of the song would continue to go to Delory's [[French Socialist Party (1902)|French Socialist Party]]. Pierre De Geyter lost the first copyright case in 1914, but after his brother committed [[suicide]] and left a note explaining the fraud, Pierre was declared the copyright owner by a court of appeal in 1922.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/7078/inter.txt|title=The International|author=The Guardian, Australia}}</ref> |
| − | Pierre De Geyter died in 1932. His music of the ''Internationale'' may be [[copyright]]ed in France until October 2017. The duration of copyright in France is 70 years following the end of the year when the author died, plus 6 years and 152 days to compensate for [[World War I]], and 8 years and 120 days to compensate for [[World War II]] respectively. | + | Pierre De Geyter died in 1932. His music of the ''Internationale'' may be [[copyright]]ed in France until October 2017. The duration of copyright in France is 70 years following the end of the year when the author died, plus 6 years and 152 days to compensate for [[World War I]], and 8 years and 120 days to compensate for [[World War II]] respectively.<ref>Arts. L123-1, L123-8, and L123-9 in [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/html/codes_traduits/cpialtext.htm#Chapter%20III:%20Term%20of%20Protection Chapter III of Title II of Book I of the Intellectual Property Code of France] and [http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414&dateTexte=20081012 its French version].</ref> However, the applicability of the [[:fr:Prorogations de guerre|wartime copyright extensions]] is a matter of current litigation.<ref>See also [[commons:Commons:Licensing#Wartime copyright extensions]] for the list of some relevant French lawsuits with external links.</ref> In 2005, [[:fr:Le Chant du Monde (éditions musicales & label)|Le Chant du Monde]], the corporation administering the authors' rights, asked [[:fr:Pierre Merejkowsky|Pierre Merejkowsky]], the [[film director]] and an actor of ''Insurrection / résurrection'', to pay €1,000 for whistling the song for seven seconds.<ref>{{fr icon}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3476,36-636777,0.html Le Monde] and [http://www.zalea.org/spip.php?article245 Zalea TV].</ref> |
| − | However, as the ''Internationale'' music was published before [[1 July]] [[1909]] outside the United States of America, it is in the public domain in the USA. | + | However, as the ''Internationale'' music was published before [[1 July]] [[1909]] outside the United States of America, it is in the public domain in the USA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/training/Hirtle_Public_Domain.htm|title=Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States|author=Peter B. Hirtle}}</ref> Pierre De Geyter's music is also in the public domain in countries and areas whose [[List of countries' copyright length|copyright durations]] are authors' lifetime plus 75 years or less. As Eugène Pottier died in 1887, his original French lyrics are in the public domain. Gustave Delory once acquired the copyright of his lyrics through the songwriter G B Clement having bought it from Pottier's widow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/capitolhill/7078/inter.txt|title=The International|author=The Guardian, Australia|pages=16th paragraph}}</ref> |
| − | {|cellspacing= | + | {|cellspacing="10" rules="cols" |
!French lyrics !! Literal English translation | !French lyrics !! Literal English translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|First stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Debout, les damnés de la terre | + | Debout, les damnés de la terre<br> |
| − | Debout, les forçats de la faim | + | Debout, les forçats de la faim<br> |
| − | La raison tonne en son cratère | + | La raison tonne en son cratère<br> |
| − | C'est l'éruption de la fin | + | C'est l'éruption de la fin<br> |
| − | Du passé faisons table rase | + | Du passé faisons table rase<br> |
| − | Foules, esclaves, debout, debout | + | Foules, esclaves, debout, debout<br> |
| − | Le monde va changer de base | + | Le monde va changer de base<br> |
| − | Nous ne sommes rien, soyons tout | + | Nous ne sommes rien, soyons tout<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | Arise, wretched of the earth | + | Arise, wretched of the earth<br> |
| − | Arise, convicts of hunger | + | Arise, convicts of hunger<br> |
| − | Reason thunders in its volcano | + | Reason thunders in its volcano<br> |
| − | This is the eruption of the end | + | This is the eruption of the end<br> |
| − | Of the past let us wipe the slate clean | + | Of the past let us wipe the slate clean<br> |
| − | Masses, slaves, arise, arise | + | Masses, slaves, arise, arise<br> |
| − | The world is about to change its foundation | + | The world is about to change its foundation<br> |
| − | We are nothing, let us be all | + | We are nothing, let us be all<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us gather together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Second stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Il n'est pas de sauveurs suprêmes | + | Il n'est pas de sauveurs suprêmes<br> |
| − | Ni Dieu, ni César, ni tribun | + | Ni Dieu, ni César, ni tribun<br> |
| − | Producteurs, sauvons-nous nous-mêmes | + | Producteurs, sauvons-nous nous-mêmes<br> |
| − | Décrétons le salut commun | + | Décrétons le salut commun<br> |
| − | Pour que le voleur rende gorge | + | Pour que le voleur rende gorge<br> |
| − | Pour tirer l'esprit du cachot | + | Pour tirer l'esprit du cachot<br> |
| − | Soufflons nous-mêmes notre forge | + | Soufflons nous-mêmes notre forge<br> |
| − | Battons le fer quand il est chaud | + | Battons le fer quand il est chaud<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | There are no supreme saviours | + | There are no supreme saviours<br> |
| − | Neither God, nor [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]], nor [[tribune]]. | + | Neither God, nor [[Caesar (title)|Caesar]], nor [[tribune]].<br> |
| − | Producers, let us save ourselves | + | Producers, let us save ourselves<br> |
| − | Decree the common welfare | + | Decree the common welfare<br> |
| − | That the thief return his plunder, | + | That the thief return his plunder,<br> |
| − | That the spirit be pulled from its prison | + | That the spirit be pulled from its prison<br> |
| − | Let us fan the forge ourselves | + | Let us fan the forge ourselves<br> |
| − | Strike the iron while it is hot | + | Strike the iron while it is hot<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us stand together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Third stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | L'état comprime et la loi triche | + | L'état comprime et la loi triche<br> |
| − | L'impôt saigne le malheureux | + | L'impôt saigne le malheureux<br> |
| − | Nul devoir ne s'impose au riche | + | Nul devoir ne s'impose au riche<br> |
| − | Le droit du pauvre est un mot creux | + | Le droit du pauvre est un mot creux<br> |
| − | C'est assez, languir en tutelle | + | C'est assez, languir en tutelle<br> |
| − | L'égalité veut d'autres lois | + | L'égalité veut d'autres lois<br> |
| − | Pas de droits sans devoirs dit-elle | + | Pas de droits sans devoirs dit-elle<br> |
| − | Egaux, pas de devoirs sans droits | + | Egaux, pas de devoirs sans droits<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | The state represses and the law cheats | + | The state represses and the law cheats<br> |
| − | The tax bleeds the unfortunate | + | The tax bleeds the unfortunate<br> |
| − | No duty is imposed on the rich | + | No duty is imposed on the rich<br> |
| − | 'Rights of the poor' is a hollow phrase | + | 'Rights of the poor' is a hollow phrase<br> |
| − | Enough languishing in custody | + | Enough languishing in custody<br> |
| − | Equality wants other laws: | + | Equality wants other laws:<br> |
| − | No rights without obligations, it says, | + | No rights without obligations, it says,<br> |
| − | And as well, no obligations without rights | + | And as well, no obligations without rights<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us stand together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Fourth stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Hideux dans leur apothéose | + | Hideux dans leur apothéose<br> |
| − | Les rois de la mine et du rail | + | Les rois de la mine et du rail<br> |
| − | Ont-ils jamais fait autre chose | + | Ont-ils jamais fait autre chose<br> |
| − | Que dévaliser le travail | + | Que dévaliser le travail<br> |
| − | Dans les coffres-forts de la bande | + | Dans les coffres-forts de la bande<br> |
| − | Ce qu'il a créé s'est fondu | + | Ce qu'il a créé s'est fondu<br> |
| − | En décrétant qu'on le lui rende | + | En décrétant qu'on le lui rende<br> |
| − | Le peuple ne veut que son dû. | + | Le peuple ne veut que son dû.<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | Hideous in their self-glorification | + | Hideous in their self-glorification<br> |
| − | Kings of the mine and rail | + | Kings of the mine and rail<br> |
| − | Have they ever done anything other | + | Have they ever done anything other<br> |
| − | Than steal work? | + | Than steal work?<br> |
| − | Into the coffers of that lot, | + | Into the coffers of that lot,<br> |
| − | What work creates has melted | + | What work creates has melted<br> |
| − | In demanding that they give it back | + | In demanding that they give it back<br> |
| − | The people wants only its due. | + | The people wants only its due.<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us stand together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Fifth stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Les rois nous saoulaient de fumées | + | Les rois nous saoulaient de fumées<br> |
| − | Paix entre nous, guerre aux tyrans | + | Paix entre nous, guerre aux tyrans<br> |
| − | Appliquons la grève aux armées | + | Appliquons la grève aux armées<br> |
| − | Crosse en l'air, et rompons les rangs | + | Crosse en l'air, et rompons les rangs<br> |
| − | S'ils s'obstinent, ces cannibales | + | S'ils s'obstinent, ces cannibales<br> |
| − | A faire de nous des héros | + | A faire de nous des héros<br> |
| − | Ils sauront bientôt que nos balles | + | Ils sauront bientôt que nos balles<br> |
| − | Sont pour nos propres généraux | + | Sont pour nos propres généraux<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | The kings make us drunk with their fumes, | + | The kings make us drunk with their fumes,<br> |
| − | Peace among ourselves, war to the tyrants! | + | Peace among ourselves, war to the tyrants!<br> |
| − | Let the armies go on strike, | + | Let the armies go on strike,<br> |
| − | Guns in the air, and break ranks | + | Guns in the air, and break ranks<br> |
| − | If these cannibals insist | + | If these cannibals insist<br> |
| − | On making heroes of us, | + | On making heroes of us,<br> |
| − | Soon they will know our bullets | + | Soon they will know our bullets<br> |
| − | Are for our own generals | + | Are for our own generals<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us stand together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Sixth stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Ouvriers, paysans, nous sommes | + | Ouvriers, paysans, nous sommes<br> |
| − | Le grand parti des travailleurs | + | Le grand parti des travailleurs<br> |
| − | La terre n'appartient qu'aux hommes | + | La terre n'appartient qu'aux hommes<br> |
| − | L'oisif ira loger ailleurs | + | L'oisif ira loger ailleurs<br> |
| − | Combien, de nos chairs se repaissent | + | Combien, de nos chairs se repaissent<br> |
| − | Mais si les corbeaux, les vautours | + | Mais si les corbeaux, les vautours<br> |
| − | Un de ces matins disparaissent | + | Un de ces matins disparaissent<br> |
| − | Le soleil brillera toujours. | + | Le soleil brillera toujours.<br> |
| − | & | + | |: C'est la lutte finale<br> |
| − | & | + | Groupons-nous, et demain<br> |
| − | & | + | L'Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Sera le genre humain :| |
| | | | ||
| − | Labourers, peasants, we are | + | Labourers, peasants, we are<br> |
| − | The great party of workers | + | The great party of workers<br> |
| − | The earth belongs only to men | + | The earth belongs only to men<br> |
| − | The idle will go reside elsewhere | + | The idle will go reside elsewhere<br> |
| − | How much of our flesh they feed on, | + | How much of our flesh they feed on,<br> |
| − | But if the ravens and vultures | + | But if the ravens and vultures<br> |
| − | Disappear one of these days | + | Disappear one of these days<br> |
| − | The sun will always shine | + | The sun will always shine<br> |
| − | & | + | |: This is the final struggle<br> |
| − | & | + | Let us stand together, and tomorrow<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale<br> |
| − | & | + | Will be the human race :| |
|} | |} | ||
===English lyrics=== | ===English lyrics=== | ||
| − | The traditional British version of The Internationale is usually sung in three verses, while the American version, authored by [[Charles Hope Kerr]] with five verses, is usually sung in two. | + | The traditional British version of The Internationale is usually sung in three verses, while the American version, authored by [[Charles Hope Kerr]] with five verses, is usually sung in two.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonoma.edu/users/w/wallsd/smm-aging-anthems.shtml#_ednref20|title=Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?|author=David Walls, [[Sonoma State University]]}}</ref><ref>[http://www.prato.linux.it/~lmasetti/canzonicontrolaguerra/canzone.php?lang=en&id=2003&infos=1#agg1933 ''The Internationale'' in 82 languages]</ref> The American version is sometimes sung with the phrase "the internationale", "the international soviet", or "the international union" in place of "the international working class". In English, the traditional workers' pronunciation is not an imitation of the French {{IPA|[ɛ̃tɛʀnasjÉ”nal(É™)]}}, but rather {{IPA|[ɪntÉšnæʃəˈnæli]}} (rhyming with "alley" or "valley"). |
| − | + | <!--[[Image:Sea Green Singers Internationale Levellers Day Burford 20080517.ogg|frame|right|The Sea Green Singers singing The Internationale (Billy Bragg version) at [[Levellers]]’ Day, [[Burford]], 2008.]]--> | |
| − | The English versions are known to be notoriously difficult to sing, as the lyrics may appear sometimes forced and unnatural. British musician [[Billy Bragg]], after talking to the American [[folk music|folk singer]] and activist [[Pete Seeger]], agreed that the old lyrics were | + | The English versions are known to be notoriously difficult to sing, as the lyrics may appear sometimes forced and unnatural. British musician [[Billy Bragg]], after talking to the American [[folk music|folk singer]] and activist [[Pete Seeger]], agreed that the old lyrics were "archaic and unsingable". Bragg composed revised verses for the song, based on the British version. The recording was released on his album ''[[The Internationale (album)| The Internationale]]'' along with reworkings of other socialist songs. A full, six-stanza translation can be found on the Wikisource page on [[:s:The Internationale (Pottier, English)|The Internationale]]. |
| − | {|cellspacing= | + | {|cellspacing="10" rules="cols" |
| − | !British/Irish Translation !!Billy Bragg's Revision | + | !British/Irish Translation !!Billy Bragg's Revision<ref>[[Billy Bragg]]: [http://www.billybragg.co.uk/releases/albums/internationale/inter1.html Albums: The Internationale]</ref> !!American version |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="3"|First stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | Arise, ye workers from your slumber, | + | Arise, ye workers from your slumber,<br> |
| − | Arise, ye prisoners of want. | + | Arise, ye prisoners of want.<br> |
| − | For reason in revolt now thunders, | + | For reason in revolt now thunders,<br> |
| − | and at last ends the age of cant! | + | and at last ends the age of cant!<br> |
| − | Away with all your superstitions, | + | Away with all your superstitions,<br> |
| − | Servile masses, arise, arise! | + | Servile masses, arise, arise!<br> |
| − | We'll change henceforth the old tradition, | + | We'll change henceforth the old tradition,<br> |
| − | And spurn the dust to win the prize! | + | And spurn the dust to win the prize!<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race. |
| | | | ||
| − | Stand up, all victims of oppression, | + | Stand up, all victims of oppression,<br> |
| − | For the tyrants fear your might! | + | For the tyrants fear your might!<br> |
| − | Don't cling so hard to your possessions, | + | Don't cling so hard to your possessions,<br> |
| − | For you have nothing if you have no rights! | + | For you have nothing if you have no rights!<br> |
| − | Let racist ignorance be ended, | + | Let racist ignorance be ended,<br> |
| − | For respect makes the empires fall! | + | For respect makes the empires fall!<br> |
| − | Freedom is merely privilege extended, | + | Freedom is merely privilege extended,<br> |
| − | Unless enjoyed by one and all. | + | Unless enjoyed by one and all.<br> |
| − | & | + | So come brothers and sisters,<br> |
| − | & | + | For the struggle carries on.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the world in song.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | For this is the time and place!<br> |
| − | & | + | The international ideal,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
| | | | ||
| − | Arise, you prisoners of starvation! | + | Arise, you prisoners of starvation!<br> |
| − | Arise, you wretched of the earth! | + | Arise, you wretched of the earth!<br> |
| − | For justice thunders condemnation: | + | For justice thunders condemnation:<br> |
| − | A better world's in birth! | + | A better world's in birth!<br> |
| − | No more tradition's chains shall bind us, | + | No more tradition's chains shall bind us,<br> |
| − | Arise you slaves, no more in thrall! | + | Arise you slaves, no more in thrall!<br> |
| − | The earth shall rise on new foundations: | + | The earth shall rise on new foundations:<br> |
| − | We have been nought, we shall be all! | + | We have been nought, we shall be all!<br> |
| − | & | + | 'Tis the final conflict,<br> |
| − | & | + | Let each stand in his place.<br> |
| − | & | + | The international soviet<br> |
| − | & | + | Shall be the human race<br> |
| − | & | + | 'Tis the final conflict,<br> |
| − | & | + | Let each stand in his place.<br> |
| − | & | + | The international working class<br> |
| − | & | + | Shall be the human race<br> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="3"|Second stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | No more deluded by reaction, | + | No more deluded by reaction,<br> |
| − | On tyrants only we'll make war! | + | On tyrants only we'll make war!<br> |
| − | The soldiers too will take strike action, | + | The soldiers too will take strike action,<br> |
| − | They'll break ranks and fight no more! | + | They'll break ranks and fight no more!<br> |
| − | And if those cannibals keep trying, | + | And if those cannibals keep trying,<br> |
| − | To sacrifice us to their pride, | + | To sacrifice us to their pride,<br> |
| − | They soon shall hear the bullets flying, | + | They soon shall hear the bullets flying,<br> |
| − | We'll shoot the generals on our own side. | + | We'll shoot the generals on our own side.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race. |
| | | | ||
| − | Let no one build walls to divide us, | + | Let no one build walls to divide us,<br> |
| − | Walls of hatred nor walls of stone. | + | Walls of hatred nor walls of stone.<br> |
| − | Come greet the dawn and stand beside us, | + | Come greet the dawn and stand beside us,<br> |
| − | We'll live together or we'll die alone. | + | We'll live together or we'll die alone.<br> |
| − | In our world poisoned by exploitation, | + | In our world poisoned by exploitation,<br> |
| − | Those who have taken, now they must give! | + | Those who have taken, now they must give!<br> |
| − | And end the vanity of nations, | + | And end the vanity of nations,<br> |
| − | We've but one Earth on which to live. | + | We've but one Earth on which to live.<br> |
| − | & | + | So come brothers and sisters,<br> |
| − | & | + | For the struggle carries on.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the world in song.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | For this is the time and place!<br> |
| − | & | + | The international ideal,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
| | | | ||
| − | We want no condescending saviors | + | We want no condescending saviors<br> |
| − | To rule us from their judgment hall, | + | To rule us from their judgment hall,<br> |
| − | We workers ask not for their favors | + | We workers ask not for their favors<br> |
| − | Let us consult for all: | + | Let us consult for all:<br> |
| − | To make the thief disgorge his booty | + | To make the thief disgorge his booty<br> |
| − | To free the spirit from its cell, | + | To free the spirit from its cell,<br> |
| − | We must ourselves decide our duty, | + | We must ourselves decide our duty,<br> |
| − | We must decide, and do it well. | + | We must decide, and do it well.<br> |
| − | & | + | 'Tis the final conflict,<br> |
| − | & | + | Let each stand in his place.<br> |
| − | & | + | The international soviet<br> |
| − | & | + | Shall be the human race<br> |
| − | & | + | 'Tis the final conflict,<br> |
| − | & | + | Let each stand in his place.<br> |
| − | & | + | The international working class<br> |
| − | & | + | Shall be the human race<br> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | !colspan= | + | !colspan="2"|Third stanza |
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| − | No saviour from on high delivers, | + | No saviour from on high delivers,<br> |
| − | No faith have we in prince or peer. | + | No faith have we in prince or peer.<br> |
| − | Our own right hand the chains must shiver, | + | Our own right hand the chains must shiver,<br> |
| − | Chains of hatred, greed and fear. | + | Chains of hatred, greed and fear.<br> |
| − | E'er the thieves will out with their booty, | + | E'er the thieves will out with their booty,<br> |
| − | And to all give a happier lot. | + | And to all give a happier lot.<br> |
| − | Each at his forge must do their duty, | + | Each at his forge must do their duty,<br> |
| − | And we'll strike the iron while it's hot. | + | And we'll strike the iron while it's hot.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | And the last fight let us face.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race. |
| | | | ||
| − | And so begins the final drama, | + | And so begins the final drama,<br> |
| − | In the streets and in the fields. | + | In the streets and in the fields.<br> |
| − | We stand unbowed before their armour, | + | We stand unbowed before their armour,<br> |
| − | We defy their guns and shields! | + | We defy their guns and shields!<br> |
| − | When we fight, provoked by their aggression, | + | When we fight, provoked by their aggression,<br> |
| − | Let us be inspired by life and love. | + | Let us be inspired by life and love.<br> |
| − | For though they offer us concessions, | + | For though they offer us concessions,<br> |
| − | Change will not come from above! | + | Change will not come from above!<br> |
| − | & | + | So come brothers and sisters,<br> |
| − | & | + | For the struggle carries on.<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the world in song.<br> |
| − | & | + | So comrades, come rally,<br> |
| − | & | + | For this is the time and place!<br> |
| − | & | + | The Internationale,<br> |
| − | & | + | Unites the human race.<br> |
|} | |} | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 21:11, 19 November 2010
The Internationale (L'Internationale in French) is a famous socialist, communist, social-democratic and anarchist anthem and one of the most widely recognized songs in the world.
The Internationale became the anthem of international socialism. Its original French refrain is C'est la lutte finale/ Groupons-nous et demain/ L'Internationale/ Sera le genre humain. (Freely translated: "This is the final struggle/ Let us join together and tomorrow/ The Internationale/ Will be the human race.") The Internationale has been translated into many of the world's languages. Traditionally it is sung with the hand raised in a clenched fist salute. The Internationale is sung not only by communists but also (in many countries) by socialists or social democrats, as well as anarchists.
Contents
Original French lyrics and copyright controversy[edit]
The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, later a member of the Paris Commune)[1] and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of La Marseillaise.[2] Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the poem to music in 1888.[3] His melody was first publicly performed in July 1888[4] and became widely used soon after.
In an unsuccessful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version of his family name (Degeyter). In 1904, Pierre's brother Adolphe was induced by the Lille mayor Gustave Delory to claim copyright, so that the income of the song would continue to go to Delory's French Socialist Party. Pierre De Geyter lost the first copyright case in 1914, but after his brother committed suicide and left a note explaining the fraud, Pierre was declared the copyright owner by a court of appeal in 1922.[5]
Pierre De Geyter died in 1932. His music of the Internationale may be copyrighted in France until October 2017. The duration of copyright in France is 70 years following the end of the year when the author died, plus 6 years and 152 days to compensate for World War I, and 8 years and 120 days to compensate for World War II respectively.[6] However, the applicability of the wartime copyright extensions is a matter of current litigation.[7] In 2005, Le Chant du Monde, the corporation administering the authors' rights, asked Pierre Merejkowsky, the film director and an actor of Insurrection / résurrection, to pay €1,000 for whistling the song for seven seconds.[8]
However, as the Internationale music was published before 1 July 1909 outside the United States of America, it is in the public domain in the USA.[9] Pierre De Geyter's music is also in the public domain in countries and areas whose copyright durations are authors' lifetime plus 75 years or less. As Eugène Pottier died in 1887, his original French lyrics are in the public domain. Gustave Delory once acquired the copyright of his lyrics through the songwriter G B Clement having bought it from Pottier's widow.[10]
| French lyrics | Literal English translation |
|---|---|
| First stanza | |
|
Debout, les damnés de la terre |
Arise, wretched of the earth |
| Second stanza | |
|
Il n'est pas de sauveurs suprêmes |
There are no supreme saviours |
| Third stanza | |
|
L'état comprime et la loi triche |
The state represses and the law cheats |
| Fourth stanza | |
|
Hideux dans leur apothéose |
Hideous in their self-glorification |
| Fifth stanza | |
|
Les rois nous saoulaient de fumées |
The kings make us drunk with their fumes, |
| Sixth stanza | |
|
Ouvriers, paysans, nous sommes |
Labourers, peasants, we are |
English lyrics[edit]
The traditional British version of The Internationale is usually sung in three verses, while the American version, authored by Charles Hope Kerr with five verses, is usually sung in two.[11][12] The American version is sometimes sung with the phrase "the internationale", "the international soviet", or "the international union" in place of "the international working class". In English, the traditional workers' pronunciation is not an imitation of the French Template:IPA, but rather Template:IPA (rhyming with "alley" or "valley").
The English versions are known to be notoriously difficult to sing, as the lyrics may appear sometimes forced and unnatural. British musician Billy Bragg, after talking to the American folk singer and activist Pete Seeger, agreed that the old lyrics were "archaic and unsingable". Bragg composed revised verses for the song, based on the British version. The recording was released on his album The Internationale along with reworkings of other socialist songs. A full, six-stanza translation can be found on the Wikisource page on The Internationale.
| British/Irish Translation | Billy Bragg's Revision[13] | American version |
|---|---|---|
| First stanza | ||
|
Arise, ye workers from your slumber, |
Stand up, all victims of oppression, |
Arise, you prisoners of starvation! |
| Second stanza | ||
|
No more deluded by reaction, |
Let no one build walls to divide us, |
We want no condescending saviors |
| Third stanza | ||
|
No saviour from on high delivers, |
And so begins the final drama, | |
See also[edit]
- Anarchism and the arts for further details on expression of anarchist themes through art
References[edit]
- ↑ The Guardian, Australia. The International.
- ↑ David Walls, Sonoma State University. Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?.
- ↑ The Guardian, Australia. The International.
- ↑ The Guardian, Australia. The International.
- ↑ The Guardian, Australia. The International.
- ↑ Arts. L123-1, L123-8, and L123-9 in Chapter III of Title II of Book I of the Intellectual Property Code of France and its French version.
- ↑ See also commons:Commons:Licensing#Wartime copyright extensions for the list of some relevant French lawsuits with external links.
- ↑ (French) Le Monde and Zalea TV.
- ↑ Peter B. Hirtle. Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States.
- ↑ The Guardian, Australia. The International.
- ↑ David Walls, Sonoma State University. Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration?.
- ↑ The Internationale in 82 languages
- ↑ Billy Bragg: Albums: The Internationale
External links[edit]
- The Internationale in 86 languages
- Downloadable recordings in more than 40 languages
- (Russian) Another large collection of downloadable recordings
- Communist propaganda clip with the Internationale as background music (Albanian and Russian)
- A documentary on the Internationale.
- Piano arrangements and orchestral MIDI file of The Internationale
| This article contains content from Wikipedia. Current versions of the GNU FDL article The Internationale on WP may contain information useful to the improvement of this article | WP |
