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Operation PBSUCCESS timeline
18 July 1949 Col. Francisco Arana, Guatemalan armed forces chief, assassinated.
15 May 1950 Thomas Corcoran, United Fruit Company lobbyist, meets with Deputy Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Thomas Mann, to suggest action to oust Guatemalan President Juan José Arévalo.
3 September 1950 Case officer [ ] assigned to project [ ] arrives in Guatemala City [ ]establishes contact with [ ]a student group.
11 November 1950 Jacobo Arbenz elected president.
15 March 1951 Arbenz inaugurated.
22 August 1951 United Fruit Company warns employees that any increase in labor costs would make its operations in Guatemala uneconomic and force it to withdraw from the country.
15 September 1951 Windstorm flattens United Fruit's principal Guatemalan banana farms at Tiquisate; United Fruit later announces it will not rehabilitate plantation until it has completed study of economics of Guatemalan operation.
26 September 1951 United Fruit suspends 3,742 Tiquisate employees, refuses to comply with order of Inspector General of Labor to reinstate the suspended employees.
30 October 1951 Walter Turnbull, Vice President of United Fruit, gives Arbenz ultimatum. United Fruit will not rehabilitate plantation without assurance of stable labor costs for three years and exemption from unfavorable labor laws or exchange controls.
19 December 1951 United Fruit announces reduction in passenger ship service to Guatemala.
2 January 1952 Labor Court of Appeals rules United Fruit must resume operations at Tiquisate and pay 3,742 employees back wages.
25 March 1952 Mexico City [ ]begins receiving weekly reports from Castillo Armas.
16 June 1952 Case officer [ ] arrives in Guatemala [ ]
17 June 1952 Arbenz enacts Agrarian Reform Law.
10 July 1952. DDP Allen Dulles meets with Mann to solicit State Department approval for plan to overthrow Arbenz.
7 August 1952. Distribution of land under the Agrarian Reform Law begins.
18 August 1952 DCI gives approval for PBFORTUNE.
2 October 1952 Pan American Airways settles three-month-old strike in Guatemala by raising wages 23 percent.
11 December 1952 Guatemalan Communist party opens second party congress with senior Arbenz administration officials in attendance.
12 December 1952 Workers at United Fruit's Tiquisate plantation file for expropriation of 55,000 acres of United Fruit land.
19 December 1952 Guatemalan Communist party, PGT, legalized.
5 February 1953 Congress impeaches the Supreme Court for "ignorance of the law which shows unfitness and manifest incapacity to administer justice" after the Court issued an injunction against further seizures of land.
25 February 1953 Guatemala confiscates 234,000 acres of United Fruit land.
18 March 1953 NSC 144/1, "United States Objectives and Courses with Respect to Latin America," warns of a "drift in the area toward radical and nationalistic regimes."
29 March 1953 Salamá uprising. Abortive rebellion touches off sup- pression campaign against anti-Communists in Guatemala
12 August 1953 National Security Council authorizes covert action against Guatemala.
11 September 1953 [ ] adviser to King, submits "General Plan of Action" for PBSUCCESS.
October 1953 John Peurifoy, new US Ambassador, arrives in Guatemala City.
9 November 1953 José Manuel Fortuny flies to Prague to negotiate purchase of arms.
16 November 1953 DDP Frank Wisner approves [ ] plan and recommends acceptance by DCI.
9 December 1953 DCI Allen Dulles approves general plan for PBSUCCESS, allocates $3 million for the program.
23 December 1953 CIA's LINCOLN Station opens [ ]
18 January 1954 Alfonso Martinez, head of the Agrarian Department, "flees" to Switzerland. Proceeds to Prague to negotiate arms deal.
[ ] [ ]
25 January 1954 Guatemalan Government begins mass arrests of suspected subversives.
29 January 1954 Guatemalan white paper accuses US of planning invasion. Reveals substantial details of PBSUCCESS.
2 February 1954 Sydney Gruson, New York Times correspondent, expelled from Guatemala by Guatemalan Foreign Minister
Guillermo Toriello. [ ]Wisner, King meet to decide whether to abort PBSUCCESS due to white paper revelations.
19 February 1954 Operation WASHTUB, a plan to plant a phony Soviet arms cache in Nicaragua, begins.
24 February 1954 Guatemala confiscates 173,000 acres of United Fruit land.
1 March 1954 Caracas meeting of the OAS opens.
4 March 1954 Dulles speaks to Caracas meeting.
5 March 1954 Toriello rebuts US charges.
13 March 1954 OAS votes 17 to 1 to condemn Communism in Guatemala. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles briefed on PBSUCCESS.
21 March 1954 Paramilitary training program graduates 37 Guatemalan sabotage trainees.
9 April 1954 Guatemalan Archbishop Mariano Rossell y Arrellana issues a pastoral letter calling for a national crusade against Communism.
10 April 1954 Wisner briefs Assistant Secretary of State Henry Holland on PBSUCCESS. Holland, shocked by security lapses, demands top-level review of project.
15-16 April 1954 Black flights suspended pending top-level review of PBSUCCESS.
17 April 1954 John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles give [ ] the "full green light."
20 April 1954 Paramilitary training program graduates 30 leadership trainees.
[ ] [ ]
1 May 1954 La Voz de la Liberación, Operation SHERWOOD, begins broadcasts.
14 May 1954 Paramilitary training program graduates communications trainees.
15 May 1954 SS Alfhem docks in Puerto Barrios with cargo of Czech weapons.
20 May 1954 Commando raid on trainload of Alfhem weapons. One soldier and one saboteur killed. Further sabotage attempts on 21 and 25 May. All fail. Official Guatemalan radio goes off the air to replace transmitter. not restart broadcasts until mid-June. Nicaragua breaks diplomatic relations with Guatemala.
24 May 1954 US Navy begins Operation HARDROCK BAKER, sea blockade of Guatemala.
29 May 1954 Arbenz rounds up subversives, netting nearly all of Castillo Armas's clandestine apparatus.
31 May 1954 Arbenz offers to meet with Eisenhower to reduce tensions.
4 June 1954 Col. Rodolfo Mendoza of Guatemalan air force defects to El Salvador with private plane.
8 June 1954 VÃctor Manuel Gutiérrez, secretary general of the Guatemalan trade union federation, holds a special meeting of farm and labor unions to urge them to mobilize for self-defense.
15 June 1954 Sabotage teams launched. Invasion forces moved to staging areas. Chief of Station [ ] makes cold approach to [ ] prime defection candidate.
17 June 1954 [ ] meets again with [ ]
requests bombing of Guatemala City race track as demonstration of strength.
18 June 1954 At 1700 hours, Arbenz holds mass rally at railroad station. Buzzed by CIA planes. At 2020 hours, Castillo Armas crosses the border.
19 June 1954 At 0150 hours, bridge at Gualán blown up.
20 June 1954 Esquipulas captured. Rebels defeated at Gualán.
21 June 1954 Largest rebel force suffers disastrous defeat at Puerto Barrios.
25 June 1954 Matamoros Fortress bombed. Chiquimula captured. CIA planes strafe troop trains.
27 June 1954 Arbenz capitulates. Castillo Armas attacks Zacapa, is defeated, and falls back to Chiquimula. Agency plane bombs British freighter at San José.
28 June 1954 DÃaz, Sணhez, and Monzón form junta at 1145 hours. Refused to negotiate with Castillo. F-47 dropped two bombs at x 530 hours
29 June 1954 Monzón seizes junta, requests negotiations with Castillo Armas. Zacapa garrison arranges cease-fire with Castillo Armas.
30 June 1954 Wisner sends "Shift of Gears" cable, urging officers to withdraw from matters of policy.
1 July 1954 Monzón and Castillo Armas meet in Honduras to mediate differences.
2 July 1954 SHERWOOD ceases broadcasts, begins withdrawal.
4-17 July 1954 CIA documents recovery team, PBHISTORY, collects 150,000 Communist-related documents in Guatemala City.
12 July 1954 LINCOLN office closed.
1 September 1954 Castillo Armas assumes presidency.
26 July 1957 Castillo Armas assassinated.
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