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Italian graphemes
From Anarchopedia
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This grapheme table can be used to determine or approximate the pronunciation of an italian word. Possible phonemes are separated by a comma, eventual allophones are enclosed between parentheses, the notation used is ASCII-IPA (Kirshenbaum).
| grapheme | phonemes | notes |
|---|---|---|
| -a- | /a/ (/a/, /A/) | |
| -b- | /b/ | see also -b, -bb- |
| -c- | /c/, /k/ | see also -cc-, -ch-, -ca-, -ce-, -ci-, -co-, -cu- |
| -d- | /d/ | |
| -e- | /e/, /E/ | |
| è | /E/ | |
| è | /e:/ | |
| -f- | /f/ | see also -ff- |
| -g- | /J/, /g/ | see also -gg-, -ga-, -ge-, -gi-, -go-, -gu- |
| -i- | /i/ | |
| -j- | ||
| -k- | /k/ | |
| -l- | /l/ | |
| -m- | /m/ | |
| -n- | /n/ | |
| -o- | /o:/, /O/ | |
| -p- | /p/ | |
| -q- | see -qu- | |
| -r- | /r<trl>/ (/r/) | |
| -s- | /s/ | See also -sc- |
| -t- | /t/ | |
| -u- | /u/ | |
| -v- | /v/ | |
| -w- | ||
| -x- | /ks/ | |
| -y- | /i/, /i:/ | |
| -z- | /dz/ | |
| digraphs | ||
| -bb- | /b<o>b/ | |
| -qu- | /kw/ | see also: -qqu- |
| -qqu- | /k<o>kw/ | |
| -sc- | /sk/, /S/ | See also -sca-, -sce-, -sci-, -sco-, -scu- |
| trigraphs | ||
| -sca- | /ska/ | |
| -sce- | /Se/ | |
| -sci- | /Si/ | |
| -sco- | /sko/ | |
| -scu- | /sku/ | |
| four letters | ||
| -scie- | /SE/ | Examples: scienza, coscienza |
