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| − | '''March 13''' is the [[13]]<sup>th</sup> day in [[March]].
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| − | ==Events==
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| − | [[1325]] — New World: México-Tenochtitlan City is founded. Huitzilopochtli gave the welcome:
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| − | This is the place of rest and greatness — resonated the voice — Tenochtitlán is the city that will be queen and lady of all the others. Mexico is here!
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| − | [http://www.patriagrande.net/uruguay/eduardo.galeano/memoria.del.fuego/13250313.htm]
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| − | [[1818]] — [[John Keats]], writes to [[Benjamin Bailey]]: "I am sometimes so very skeptical as to think poetry is a mere Jack-o-Lantern to whoever may chance to be struck with its brilliance."
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| − | [[1848]] — [[Austria]]: Barricades go up in Vienna, beginning the "Year of Revolutions." By early [[October]], the Imperial court and government have fled and the city is in the hands of the revolutionaries.
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| − | Source: 'Calendar Riots'
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| − | [[1858]] — [[Maximilien Luce]] ([[1858]]—[[1941]]) [[birth|lives]], Paris. Painter, engraver, anarchist.
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| − | [[1864]] — [[United States of America]]: Suicidal train engineer Casey Jones [[birth|lives]] to die with one hand on the whistle, one on the brake.
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| − | [[1864]] — [[United States of America]]: First contingent of 14,030 Navajo reach [[Fort Sumner]], [[New Mexico]] during the Long Walk of the Navajo, a 400-mile forced march in which thousands died.
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| − | [[1881]] — [[Russia]]: [[political nihilism|Nihilists]] ("[[People's Will]]") blow up Czar Alexander II near his palace with a bomb.
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| − | Carried out by the group "Will of the People" which hopes to ignite a social revolution. Nikolai Kibaltchitch, Sofia Petrovskaïa, Nikolai Rissakov, Gavril Mikhaïlov, Jehabov, are arrested and condemned to death. Hessa Hefmann is sent to Siberia. The Tsar was killed by the Polish Ignacy Hryniewiecki ([[1856]]—[[1881]]), who died during the attack.
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| − | Few people, even in [[Poland]], are aware how strong the cooperation was between [[Russia]]n and Polish revolutionaries at this time.
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| − | [http://katesharpleylibrary.net/costantini/]
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| − | [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/gallery/galleryindex.htm#Nihilists]
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| − | [[1882]] — [[England]]: The death of Alexander II is commemorated at the [[Rose Street Club]]; the speakers are Karl Schneidt and a Berlin socialist, Frank Kitz, of the beginning English movement; Herbert Burrows, of the Democratic Federation; and the anarchists Malatesta and Kropotkin (s. "Revolte," March 18).
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| − | [Source: Max Nettlau, Errico Malatesta: The Biography of an Anarchist.]
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| − | [[1891]] — [[Henrik Ibsen]]ʼs play Ghosts, dealing with venereal disease, opens in London to unveiled abuse.
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| − | Emma Goldman on Ibsen, [http://recollectionbooks.com/links.html#Henrik Ibsen http://helmer.aksis.uib.no/ibsenbt.html]
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| − | [[1892]] — [[Janet Flanner]] (Genet) [[birth|lives]], Boston. American journalist, Paris correspondent to The New Yorker for 50 years.
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| − | [[1901]] — [[Fernand Pelloutier]] ([[1867]]—[[1901]]) [[death|dies]]. Pelloutier in the words of [[Pierre Monatte]], can be 'justly regarded as the father of revolutionary syndicalism.' He rejected parliamentary reformism and anarchist revolutionary violence, favoring instead the General Strike.
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| − | [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/PelloutierFernand.htm]
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| − | [[1911]] — [[Ricardo Flores Magón]] appeals to [[Emma Goldman]] for support of the revolutionary movement in Mexico.
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| − | [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/gallery/galleryindex.htm#m]
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| − | [[1912]] — [[Bill S. Ballinger]] ([[1912]]—[[1980]]), aka Frederic Freyer, B.X. Sanborn, [[birth|lives]], Oskaloosa, Iowa. American thriller writer, who specialized from the early 1950's in a multi-level kind of narration or divided narration. Received Edgar Allan Poe Award from [[Mystery Writers of America]] in [[1960]] for his TV work.
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| − | [http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ballinge.htm]
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| − | [[1914]] — Writer of the hardships of [[Canada|Canadian]] prairie life, [[W.O. Mitchell]], [[birth|lives]], Weyburn, Saskatchewan, [[Canada]]. His first novel, [[Who Has Seen the Wind]] ([[1947]]), is followed by a weekly radio series, "Jake and the Kid," telling of the prairie life.
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| − | [[1914]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Art Le Sueur]] addresses the first [[Socialist Convention]] held in Benson County, South Dakota. Labor radical and father of the radical novelist Meridel Le Sueur.
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| − | [[1915]] — [[United States of America]]: Dodgers manager [[Wilbert Robinson]] tries to catch a baseball dropped from an airplane, but the pilot substituted a grapefruit.
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| − | The Marxist Minstrels, an (unintentionally) hilarious rightwing Revisionist humor book (ghost written by Ayn Rand?), reveals, in passing, that the Brooklyn Dodgers are (quote),
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| − | "The baseball arm of the CPUSA."
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| − | [[1918]] — [[United States of America]]: Women are scheduled to march in the [[St. Patrick's Day]] Parade in New York due to a shortage of men. When the US entered [[World War I]], propagandist [[George Creel]] set out to stifle anti-war sentiment.
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| − | [[1921]] — [[Mongolia]]: A [[revolution]]ary provisional government of Mongolia is established.
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| − | Source=Robert Braunwart
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| − | [[1922]] — [[Great Britain]]: Shaw play "[[Back to Methusaleh]]" (Part V) premiers, NY.
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| − | Source=Robert Braunwart
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| − | [[1925]] — [[United States of America]]: Tennessee makes it unlawful to teach evolution.
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| − | [[1928]] — [[United States of America]]: 450 die in St. Francisquito Valley Dam burst, California.
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| − | [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate.html]
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| − | [[1932]] — [[Germany]]: With six million unemployed, chaos in Berlin, starvation and ruin, the threat of Marxism, and a very uncertain future, the German people turn to Hitler by the millions.
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| − | In the presidential election, Hitler receives over eleven million votes (11,339,446) or 30% of the total. Hindenburg receives 18,651,497 votes or 49%. Since Hindenburg does not get the majority, a run-off election is held. In the campaign that follows, Hitler crisscrosses Germany in an airplane, descending from the clouds into the arms of growing numbers of fanatics, at ever larger rallies. He gives them a positive message, promising something for everyone, then ascends back into the clouds.
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| − | "In the Third Reich every German girl will find a husband!" Hitler once promises.
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| − | [[1932]] — [[United States of America]]: Spring. Hunger marches take place throughout the country; the Bonus marchers are expelled from Washington.
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| − | Herbert Hoover sends a secret message to Congress advising it not to cut the pay of Army or Navy personnel because they may be neeed to put down revolution.
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| − | [[1938]] — [[Austria]]: German army takes over the country and applies anti-Jewish laws.
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| − | [[1942]] — [[France]]: [[George Mathias Paraf-Javal]] ([[1858]]—[[1942]]) [[death|dies]], Montluçon. Intransigent individualist.
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| − | [[1943]] — [[Germany]]: New crematoriums open in [[Auschwitz]]. This follows a 4 October order that all Jews in German concentration camps be deported here. But as the conservative Institute for Historical Review — one of Reaganʼs and other Republicanʼs favorite think-tanks — reminds us, there was no Holocaust.
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| − | [http://ihr.org/index.html]
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| − | [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atlantis/2671/]
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| − | [http://www.albany.edu/museum/wwwmuseum/holo/index.html]
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| − | [[1943]] — [[Stephen Vincent Benet]] (John Brownʼs Body) [[death|dies]] of a heart attack at 44, New York.
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| − | [[1945]] — [[Pax Christi]] founded, France.
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| − | [[1950]] — [[Hippolyte Havel]] [[death|dies]] in psychiatric hospital, New Jersey.
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| − | [[1957]] — Joint Resolution of the Georgia General Assembly, Impeachment of Certain U.S. Supreme Court Justices
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| − | "Whereas, the chief enemy of the United States is Godless communism…"
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| − | [http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/1957resn-9.htm]
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| − | [[1961]] — [[United States of America]]: Labor organizer [[Elizabeth Gurley Flynn]] is elected chair of the National Committee of the Communist Party, U.S.A. One-time IWW and anarchist in her youth.
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| − | In 1953, Flynn declined a federal judgeʼs offer to deport her and 12 others to the Soviet Union on conspiracy charges (quote): "We have no desire to enjoy the fruits of socialism in a land where we did not work for it."
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| − | Instead, Flynn and the others received three-year jail sentences and fines of 6,000 dollars apiece.
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| − | [http://members.tripod.com/~RedRobin2/index-41.html]
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| − | [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAflynn.htm]
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| − | [[1962]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Wing Luke]] becomes the first non-white to be elected to the Seattle City Council, and the highest Asian-American elected official in the continental US.
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| − | [[1963]] — [[United States of America]]: Labor Local 260 Houston negotiates first contract with Pioneer Bus, ending dual pay scales for black and white drivers.
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| − | [http://www.thespaceshop.com/houswehavpro.html]
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| − | [[1964]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Kitty Genovese]] stabbed to death in Queens, New York while Winston Mosley rapes and fatally stabs her in three separate attacks occurring over a period of more than half an hour. Although 38 people witness some or all of the crime, as Genovese cried for help, no one called for help until she was already dead, 35 minutes after the assault begins.
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| − | [[1966]] — [[United States of America]]: Watts explodes again.
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| − | Source: 'Calendar Riots'; (i am unable to corroborate, 2002)
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| − | [[1967]] — [[United States of America]]: [[United Farm Workers]] (UFW) wins a contract with the [[Christian Brothers Winery]].
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| − | [[1968]] — [[United States of America]]: Clouds of [[nerve gas]] drift outside the Army's Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah, poisoning 6,400 sheep in nearby Skull Valley.
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| − | [[1968]] — [[Poland]]: [[Warsaw]], March 1968: a student demonstration leads to riots in the streets.
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| − | All Polish universities are out on strike. Between March 13-24, there are more strikes, protests and marches. University buildings are occupied by student protesters. On [[March 25]], [[Warsaw University]] fires six faculty members whose sympathies remain with the protesters. On the [[March 28]]th, 3000 students march in protest. 34 are expelled, 11 are suspended, 200 are injured and 11 academic departments are closed.
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| − | [[1969]] — The MC5, in cooperation with the Motherfuckers stage a free show at Haightʼs Straight Theatre, Frisco, California.
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| − | Source: Fifth Estate, April 1969
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| − | [http://makemyday.free.fr/mc5insf.htm]
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| − | [http://makemyday.free.fr/mc5timeline.htm]
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| − | [[1970]] — [[United States of America]]: A group calling itself "[[Revolutionary Force 9]]" takes credit for three bombings in [[New York City]]. The [[New York Times]] notes a "possible connection to [[The Beatles]] song 'Revolution 9.'"
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| − | [[1971]] — The [[Allman Brothers Band]] records its breakthrough album, "[[Live at the Fillmore East]]."
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| − | [http://www.allmanbrothersband.com/]
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| − | [[1972]] — Author [[Clifford Irving]] pleads guilty to a charge that the "autobiography" of [[Howard Hughes]] on which he supposedly collaborated was a hoax.
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| − | [[1979]] — [[Grenada]]: Revolution. Eric Gairy regime overthrown by the [[New Jewel Movement]].
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| − | The US is very sensitive to deviations from its capitalist system of government around the world, and it went to great lengths to maintain its hegemony. The Caribbean was a particularly sensitive region, and any effort to achieve greater autonomy and self-reliance [risked] incurring American hostility. Maurice Bishop and the New Jewel Movement faced constant US hostility during the revolution of 1979 to 1983, culminating in Operation Urgent Fury.
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| − | [[1980]] — [[Pink Floyd]]ʼs "[[The Wall]]" goes platinum a few weeks into its 15 week stay at Number One. The two-record set is largely the brainchild of bass player Roger Waters, who now emerges as the groupʼs creative head.
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| − | [[1980]] — Members of [[Iroquois]] and [[Lakota]] request [[European Parliament]]ʼs support to gain international recognition for their rights.
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| − | [[1983]] — [[El Salvador]]: [[Marianela GarcÃa Vilas]], founder of the [[Human Rights Commission]], assassinated.
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| − | [http://www.patriagrande.net/uruguay/eduardo.galeano/memoria.del.fuego/19830313.htm]
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| − | [[1983]] — [[Paul Citroen]], 86, [[death|dies]]. Dutch sculptor, painter, graphics workman, photographer, writer.
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| − | After working in a bookshop for some time, Citroen was asked to establish a special book shop for art by Herbert Walden, owner of the famous gallery Der Sturm. This was not an easy job, because there where only few art books at that time. Walden introduced Citroen to the artists of the Berlin Dada-movement such as George Grosz, Walter Mehring and John Heartfield.
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| − | [http://www.andibradley.com/whatyaframes/dec15.php]
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| − | [[1984]] — [[United States of America]]: Reagan agrees to cleanup Bikini Atoll of nuclear contamination so Bikinians can return (estimated 42 million). The US detonated 23 nuclear devices here — presumably winning the war there.
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| − | [[1988]] — [[Palestine]]: 500 Palestinian police resign in protest of Israeli policies in occupied territory.
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| − | [[1989]] — [[Tibet]]: Demonstrations against Chinese rule.
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| − | [[1989]] — [[Germany]]: [[Neo-Nazi]]s win 6% of the vote in Hesse, Frankfurt.
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| − | [[1996]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Mississippi]] lawmakers take away a commendation to [[Glen Ballard]], who produced [[Alanis Morisseette]]ʼs "[[Jagged Little Pill]]" LP.
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| − | Some of the lawmakers were offended by the lyrics of "You Oughta Know."
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| − | [[1996]] — [[South Korea]]: Two leaders of the [[Korean Confederation of Trade Unions]], [[Yang Kyu Hon]] and [[Kwon Young Kil]], are arrested. The Confederation brought a new militancy into the Korean labor movement.
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| − | [http://www.geocities.com/kk_abacus/asiaocean.html]
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| − | [[1997]] — [[Chile]]: 580 people detained around the country in protests as former dictator General Augusto Pinochet is made "Senator-for-Life." Pinochet also given immunity from prosecution for the thousands of people butchered under his regime.
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| − | [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/dobyns.htm]
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| − | [http://recollectionbooks.com/cs/index.htm#chile ]
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| − | [[2001]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Walt Woodward]] ([[1910]]—2001), who inspired the main character in David Gutersonʼs novel, Snow Falling in Cedar, [[death|dies]] aged 91.
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| − | [[2004]] — [[United States of America]]: [[Bound Together Books]] presents the 9th Annual [[Bay Area Anarchist Book Fair]].
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| − | ==External link==
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| − | * [http://www.eskimo.com/~recall/bleed/0313.htm The Daily Bleed: Anarchist Calendar]
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| − | [[Category:Days in March|13]] [[Category:Days of year]]
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