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All nominators should read and apply [[WP:BEFORE]] before nominating. It is WP policy that they should also use an [[WP:RFC]] for gathering a consensus on an article, but you certainly are not the first to do otherwise. [[WP:DEL]] lacks a list of counter-indications, but I would like to see "Do not nominate an article in order to gather consensus; use RFC instead" on DEL. Unfortunately, RFCs are to public transportation as AfDs are to cars; if everyone used RFCs, they would be faster and more efficient at gathering consensus than AfDs.
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= Moravané =
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Moravan%C3%A9
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{{Infobox political party
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|country = the Czech Republic
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|party_name = The Moravians
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|native_name = Moravané
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|colorcode = #FFFF33
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|party_logo = [[File:Strana moravane logo.png|250px|center|Logo of Moravané party]]
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|leader = Jiří Novotný
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|foundation = 1990 (as HSD-SMS), 2005 (as Moravané)
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|ideology = [[Nationalism]], [[Federalism]], [[Separatism]]
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|european = [[European Free Alliance]]
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|colours = [[gold]], [[red]]
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|headquarters = Solniční 8, [[Brno]]
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|website = [http://www.moravane.eu/ www.moravane.eu]
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}}
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'''Moravané''' ("Moravians") is a small non-parliamentary [[political party]] in [[Moravia]] in the [[Czech Republic]].
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==History==
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It arose in 2005 by the coalescence of older two regional parties: ''Hnutí samosprávné Moravy a Slezska – Moravské národní sjednocení'' ("The Movement of Autonomous
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Moravia and [[Czech Silesia|Silesia]] – Moravian National Union") and ''Moravská demokratická strana'' ("Moravian Democratic Party"). The first chairman of the
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party was engineer [[Pavel Dohnal]], before 1989 a member of [[Communist Party of Czechoslovakia]]. The party took part in nationwide parliamentary election (none
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Moravian regional assembly exists) first time in June 2006 and won 0.23 % of popular votes in the whole Czech Republic. The party is member of the [[European Free
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Alliance]]; there are also (from 2002) youth wing of the party named ''Mladí Moravané'' ("Young Moravians") – its member David Vejchoda was elected as the member of
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the bureau of [[European Free Alliance Youth|EFA Youth]] at the last assembly (held on the March 26, 2010 in [[Venice]], [[Italy]]). Since March 2009 the party has
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new leader: entrepreneur [[Jiří Novotný (politician)|Jiří Novotný]].
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==Ideology==
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The main goal of the party is defined (by the statute) as follows: ''On the principle of the right of self-determination of the Moravian nation the party Moravané
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aims at the independence of Moravia by restoration of Moravian legislative parliament within the territorial scope of the Moravian ecclesiastical
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province.''<ref>Administrative division of present Czechia doesn't respect the traditional border of Moravia (& Bohemia or Czech Silesia) so only the Roman Catholic
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Church preserves it in its provinces</ref><ref>http://www.moravane.cz/program.php</ref> The party is strongly decentralist and anti-Czech ([[Bohemians|Bohemian]])
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oriented; "Prague" (both the [[Prague|city]] and [[Government of Czechia|government]]) is blamed for "oppression of Moravian culture, traditions and language" and
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for "pauperizing of Moravia".<ref>Some examples of such statements can be seen in the party's election spots: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD0IYC86MH0 Vote No.
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16] (elections 2009) or [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohvctli2jTk&feature=related The Moravian Truth and Czech/Bohemian Lie] (both in Czech)</ref>
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According to the party, the future of the Europe lies in dismantling present European national states and establishing old historical regions as the autonomous
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units.
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==Activities==
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At present time the party is developing the numerous open air actions, meetings and be-ins, e.g. "candle marches" (founded at 2005) in [[Brno]] and [[Olomouc]],
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"pilgrimages to the [[Morava river]] spring", demonstrations against "Czechization" etc.
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During last "candle march" (February 27, 2010) about 40 party members decorated with numerous Moravian flags had gone through the historical part of Brno to the
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ancient House of Moravian [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] and the Moravian Square. At the first stop of the parade at the historical House of Moravian Diet party leader –
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among others – said: "This house as well as all other property of the [[Margraviate of Moravia]] was stolen by [[Czechoslovakia]] and is still occupied by the
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office of the foreign nation (i.e. Czechs) as Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. It is a dispossession!" (The march evoked negative reactions of onlookers
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and finally was stopped by the [[Policie ČR|police]].)<ref>{{cite news |title=Moravané ke "své" sněmovně nesměli. Prohlásili ji za ukradenou |author= |first=
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Miloš|last= Šenkýř|authorlink= |url= http://www.lidovky.cz/moravane-ke-sve-snemovne-nesmeli-prohlasili-ji-za-ukradenou-pli-/ln_domov.asp?
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c=A100227_175211_ln_domov_ter |format= |agency= |newspaper= Lidové noviny|publisher= |location= Prague|isbn= |issn= |oclc= |pmid= |pmd= |bibcode= |doi= |id= |date=
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February 27, 2010|page= |pages= |at= |accessdate= October 21, 2010|language= Czech|trans_title= Moravians were not allowed to "their" Diet House. They declared it
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to be stolen|quote= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |ref= }}</ref>
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On July 25, 2010 the party stalwarts participated in a manifestation in [[Moravský Krumlov]] to secure collection of paintings of [[Alfons Mucha]] named ''The Slav
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Epic'' against returning them to Prague.
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==Notes==
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{{reflist}}
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==External links==
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* [http://www.moravane.eu/ Official website] {{cs icon}}
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* [http://www.moravane.eu/forum Official internet forum] {{cs icon}}
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* [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/89305 Should Moravians be treated as an ethnic minority?] – transcription of the programme broadcasted on March 2007 on [[ČRo 7]]
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(Radio Prague)
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* [http://www.moravska-vlada.cz/ Concept of the Constitution of Republic of Moravia] {{cs icon}} – created "pro futuro" by former party leader P. Dohnal
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{{Members of the European Free Alliance}}
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[[Category:Secessionist organizations in Europe]]
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[[Category:Political parties in the Czech Republic]]
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[[Category:Moravia]]
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[[Category:European Free Alliance]]
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[[br:Moravane]]
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[[cs:Moravané (strana)]]
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[[fr:Moravané]]
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=Executions in Iran, 2011 =
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Executions_in_Iran,_2011
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'''Executions in Iran''' in '''2011''' details the executions carried out in Iran by the ruling the government, the [[History of the Islamic Republic of
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Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran]], in the 2011 [[calendar year]].
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According to [[AFP]], Iran has executed 67 people as of February 1, 2011. At the current rate of around two executions a day, Iran is set to far exceed the 179
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reportedly executed in 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran lashes out at West over executions |author=Hiedeh Farmani
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|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jy565vkZVhPpC0MSTS4cwiQ36maQ?docId=CNG.30ff0b57ab72bd5eaa39bfcd8d0f2119.201 |agency=AFP |date=1 February
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2011 |accessdate=4 February 2011}}</ref>
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==Overview==
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By January 16, 2011, the Iranian government had reportedly executed 47 people since the [[New Year]]; an average of about three people a day. The [[International
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Campaign for Human Rights in Iran]] decried the hangings as "an execution binge orchestrated by the intelligence and security agencies."<ref name="binge">{{cite
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news |title=Rights group decries 'execution binge' in Iran |author= |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jvb7Mpvaq5h3dYHWQ2vteK2nTP0w?
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docId=5a0bc138a8b442b68be90d2e24163cbb |agency=AP |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=4 February 2011}}</ref>
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By the end of the month, the [[United Nations]] reported that Iran had executed at least 66 people, including three known to be political dissidents. According to
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the UN, executions are running at triple the rate of the previous year when about 18 to 25 people were executed a month. The UN estimates about 300 executions
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occurred in Iran in 2010. [[Navi Pillay]], the [[High Commissioner for Human Rights]], stated, "We have urged Iran, time and time again, to halt executions... I am
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very dismayed that instead of heeding our calls, the Iranian authorities appear to have stepped up the use of the death penalty... I call upon Iran to establish a
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moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty."<ref name="3xrate">{{cite news |title=Iran executions three times last year's rate: U.N.
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|author=Robert Evans |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/02/us-iran-executions-idUSTRE71161O20110202 |agency=Reuters |date=2 February 2011 |accessdate=1
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February 2011}}</ref>
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Iranian opposition leaders [[Mir-Hossein Mousavi]] and [[Mehdi Karrubi]],<ref name="opposition">{{cite news |title=Opposition leaders slam 'rubber-stamp' death
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sentences |author=Meris Lutz |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/iranian-opposition-leaders-mir-hossein-mousavi-and-karroubi-protested-what-
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they-describe-as-the-rising-number-of-rubber-stamp.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=2 February 2010 |accessdate=4 February 2011}}</ref> as well as
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commentators<ref>{{cite news |title=Iran Cracks Down While Egypt Cracks Up |author=Barbara Slavin
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|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/31/iran_cracks_down_while_egypt_cracks_up |newspaper=Foreign Policy |date=31 January 2011 |accessdate=4 February
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2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Execution-happy Iran adds to its rapidly growing butcher’s bill |author=[[Irwin Cotler]]
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|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/01/31/irwin-cotler-execution-happy-iran-adds-to-its-rapidly-growing-butchers-bill/ |newspaper=National Post |date=31
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January 2011 |accessdate=1 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Frightened Iran steps up its murders |author=Sayeh Hassan
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|url=http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/02/02/sayeh-hassan-frightened-iran-steps-up-its-murders/ |newspaper=National Post |date=2 February 2011 |accessdate=4
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February 2011}}</ref> assert that the Iranian regime has stepped up executions in a bid to intimidate and silence the Iranian opposition from taking to the streets
 +
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like in the [[2009–2010 Iranian election protests]].
 +
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==Notable executions==
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*January 24, 2011: Iran executed political prisoners Jafar Kazemi and Mohammad Ali Hajaghaei for allegedly taking photos and footage of the [[2009–2010 Iranian
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election protests|Iranian election protests]] as well as chanting slogans promoting the [[People's Mujahideen of Iran]] (PMOI), a banned opposition group.<ref>
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{{cite news |title=Iranian opposition activists hanged for protest footage |author= |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12272067 |newspaper=BBC News
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|date=24 January 2011 |accessdate=8 February 2011}}</ref>
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*January 29, 2011: Iran executed [[multiple citizenship|dual]] Dutch-Iranian citizen [[Zahra Bahrami]] on disputed [[illegal drug trade|drug trafficking]] charges.
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Iranian authorities initially arrested her for her participation in the December [[2009 Ashura protests]]. In protest of her execution, the Dutch foreign ministry
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decided to freeze all contacts with Iran.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dutch freeze contacts with Iran over hanging |author= |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-
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east-12317138 |newspaper=BBC News |date=29 January 2011 |accessdate=29 January 2011}}</ref>
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==References==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
[[Category:Capital punishment in Iran]]
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[[Category:21st-century executions by Iran]]
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[[Category:2011 deaths]]
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[[Category:2011 in Iran]]
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=Nomadic Wax=
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Nomadic_Wax
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'''Nomadic Wax''' is a fair-trade international music, film, and events production company with a social and global focus.  It specializes in hip-hop and
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underground music.<ref>http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/travel/06senegalmusic.html?pagewanted=4&emc=eta1</ref>. Nomadic Wax works with a network of artists and
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musicians worldwide who use art as a medium for activism, social change, and community development.
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American Ben Herson founded Nomadic Wax in 1999, while living in Brooklyn, New York. Herson graduated with a B.A. in African Studies and Anthropology from
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[[Hampshire College]] in 2000 and did post [[baccalaureate]] studies in Wolof (a West African language) at Columbia University.<ref>http://benherson.com/</ref>
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Nomadic Wax has since expanded, with an additional office in Washington DC run by Creative Director, Magee
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McIlvaine.<ref>http://www.thenation.com/article/democracy-mic-and-camera</ref>
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==Background==
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During the summer of 1999, Nomadic Wax founder Ben Herson discovered a local independent hip-hop scene in [[Senegal]] and became fascinated by the music which
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contained politically and socially conscious lyrical content .<ref>http://benherson.com/</ref> His attempts at persuading existing labels to publish the music met
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with difficulties.<ref name="Inc.2009">{{cite book|author=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|title=Billboard|url=http://books.google.com/books?
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id=YKnLjROjFoMC&pg=PT12|accessdate=6 February 2011|date=12 September 2009|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.|page=12|id={{ISSN|00062510}}}}</ref> In 2001,
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Herson returned to Senegal with collaborator Dan Cantor of Notable Productions. The two used a [[Dakar]] community center to record what would eventually become
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Nomadic Wax’s first release, “African Underground Vol. 1,” a compilation featuring fourteen Senegalese rappers. "African Underground Vol. 1" was noted for being the
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first African Hip-Hop compilation recorded in Africa for release in North America. Focusing on Africa and the [[African Diaspora]], Nomadic Wax has expanded its
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projects into the Middle East, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean.
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==Film and Television==
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Nomadic Wax began started working with film in 2007, with the film “African Underground: Democracy in Dakar" <ref>http://nomadicwax.com/democracyindakar/</ref> co-
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produced with non prodit film company Sol Productions. The film is a feature-length documentary that explores the role of youth hip-hop activism in the 2007
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Senegalese elections. On December 11, 2008, “Democracy in Dakar” was screened on [[LinkTV]]<ref>http://www.linktv.org/programs/democracy_in_dakar</ref>.  In 2009,
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it was screened on [[WHUT]] in Washington DC.  Since then, “Democracy in Dakar” has been shown at dozens of film festivals and universities
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internationally.<ref>http://sol-productions.info/Democracy_in_Dakar.html</ref>
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Nomadic Wax is working on more film projects in production.  The first is called “African Underground: Democracy in Paris” <ref>http://democracyinparis.com/</ref>.
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The film focuses on African and Arab immigrant youth in France during the controversial 2007 election.
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“Democracy in Haiti” <ref>http://democracyinhaiti.com/</ref> is Nomadic Wax’s third documentary project. It will follow a variety of young people to examine why
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Haiti’s youth have become so separated from mainstream Haitian society and the democratic system.
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“Bronx to Bamako”  will chronicle the journey of two African-American emcees traveling to Africa for the first time and two African emcees traveling to America.
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==Music and Events==
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Nomadic Wax works with partner company Notable Productions to produce audio projects.  Selections from Nomadic Wax’s music catalogue have been played on TV, film
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and new media internationally.  The company has also has supplied music and media to Nike, Starbucks, Universal Music Group, and ESPN. Twice monthly, Nomadic Wax
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curates the radio show Mo’ Glo for KEXP (Seattle)<ref>http://blog.kexp.org/blog/moglo/</ref> and WNYE (New York City), featuring the latest in global underground
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sounds. Nomadic Wax Artistic Director Federico Erik Rosa (DJ Nio) of Genoa Italy is the musical selector for the Mo Glo radio program.
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Nomadic Wax Music productions include:
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AFRICAN UNDERGROUND: DEPTHS OF DAKAR: Depths of Dakar is the follow-up to the critically acclaimed and highly successful transatlantic hip-hop experiment that is
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“African Underground, Volume 1, Hip-Hop Senegal.”“You must take a look at this highly motivated, politically concious project.” - BBC
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AFRICAN UNDERGROUND: HIP-HOP SENEGALThe first release of Nomadic Wax is also the world’s first African hip-hop compilation produced for international release.
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Featuring Abass, BMG 44, Omzo, Slam Revolution and more.“Senegalese rhymers pull no punches about poverty, war, corruption and injustice – and are invading the
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charts to boot.” - CMJ
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CHOSAN: THE BEAUTIFUL SIDE OF MISERY: Chosan is everyone’s favorite UK/Sierra Leonian/Brooklyn/Bronx MC and has performed around the globe, most recently with Kanye
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West in his video “Diamonds of Sierre Leone”.
 +
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NOMADIC MIX TAPE VOL. 1: The Nomadic Mix Tape series is an ongoing multi volume collection featuring the illest MCs from around the globe.This quintessential
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release features 14 cuts from artists performing at the International Hip-Hop Festival at Trinity College.
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LAMINE TOURE AND GROUP SALOUMGroup Saloum performs original mbalax music highlighted by the infectious rhythms of Touré’s sabar drums, and draws upon the collective
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creativity of some of Boston’s most talented musician
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Nomadic Wax has produced concerts, festivals, panel discussions, and workshops at nightclubs, museums, parks, high schools, universities, nonprofit organizations,
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and think-tanks across the United States and abroad. Hosted by high schools, universities, think tanks, non-profits, museums, festivals, and clubs, these events
 +
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blend education and entertainment, and unites the talents of artists, activists, entrepreneurs and educators alike.
 +
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• Panel discussions and workshops: the Nomadic Wax team and network has first-hand experience and knowledge in topics such as regional politics, youth empowerment and education, global artistic movements, grassroots activism and entrepreneurship. They have been invited to speak on topics such as Hip Hop Evolution: Historical,
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Social, and Global Impacts of the Culture, and Hip Hop’s Role in Society and Politics in Africa. They have conducted workshops for youth and adults on DJ-ing, breakdancing, freestyling, and spoken word.
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• Festivals – Nomadic Wax has helped found, coordinate, and book performers for several festivals around the country.
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o Co-founder of the Trinity International Hip-Hop Festival (THHHF) – an annual global urban music and media conference hosted at Trinity College featuring three days of music, ?lm and academic events. Since its inception in 2005, Nomadic Wax has has co-produced, co-managed and branded the festival annually.
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 +
(www.trinityhiphop.org).
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o Tufts International Hip Hop for Social Change Festival: Nomadic Wax has helped arrange the performers, panelists, and films that make up the annual full-day, student-run festival for the three years it has been held.
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• Conferences- Nomadic Wax has produced interactive panels and presentations bringing speakers and performers to SXSW – the world’s largest music, ?lm and new media conference. Nomadic Wax has also organized and produced panels, ?lm screenings and multi media presentations for two of the United States’ most highly regarded academic conferences in African Studies and Ethnomusicology research (ASA and SEM).
 +
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• Tours – Nomadic Wax has established itself as one of the most innovative and effective College and University booking agencies for global urban artists in North
 +
 +
America. Nomadic Wax’s music, film, lectures and events have visited academic institutions (including NYU, Tufts, Columbia, UCLA and Harvard – among others), museums (Smithsonian Museum of African Art, MOCADA – NYC) and with arts presenters worldwide (Music Docs – Sweden, Human Rights Film Festival – France), and more.
 +
o Examples: Comrade Fatso and Outspoken & the Essence’s ‘Spread the Word’ Tour (Spring 2009)
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• Cultural Exchanges: Nomadic Wax has organized cultural exchange tours where artists from other countries are brought together with artists from communities in the
 +
 +
United States to share their arts, experiences, and culture, and collaborate on joint projects. These exchanges consist of private events between the participating
 +
 +
artists, as well as public expositions of their art.
 +
o Example: ‘Cape Town to DC’ Artist Exchange, July 2010.
 +
 +
==Notes==
 +
{{Reflist}}
 +
 +
{{Uncategorized|date=February 2011}}
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
= Magibon =
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Magibon_(5th_nomination)
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cat:afd more than 3 times
 +
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{{Infobox person
 +
| name                      = Margaret Lillian Adams
 +
| image                    =
 +
| image_size                =
 +
| alt                      =
 +
| caption                  =
 +
| birth_name                =
 +
| birth_date                = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1986|8|9}}
 +
| birth_place              = [[West Palm Beach, Florida]], [[United States]]
 +
| death_date                =
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| death_place              =
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| nationality              = [[United States|American]]
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| other_names              =
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| spouse                    =
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| relations                =
 +
| years_active              = 2006-present
 +
| notable_works            =
 +
| known_for                = [[Vlogging]]
 +
| influences                = Japanese pop music<ref name=jt20081218/>
 +
| influenced                = 
 +
| website                  = [http://www.youtube.com/MRirian youtube.com/MRirian]
 +
| module                    = {{Infobox person/Internet info
 +
| web alias                = ''Magibon, MRirian, Magichan2007''
 +
| web host service          = [[YouTube]], EdgeSNS.com<ref name=edgesns>{{cite web|url=http://www.toenta.co.jp/about/081219.pdf|title=???????·???????????
 +
 +
|publisher=EdgeSNS.com |accessdate=2010-02-04 }}{{ja icon}}</ref>
 +
| meme                      = 
 +
| signature phrase          = {{nihongo|Minasan konnichiwa Magi desu'''|????????????|Hello everyone, I'm Magi}}
 +
}}}}
 +
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'''Magibon''' (born August 9, 1986) is an American [[Internet celebrity|Internet personality]] and [[List of YouTube celebrities|YouTube celebrity]] on the video-
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sharing website [[YouTube]].<ref name=jt20081218>The Japan Times: [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20081218r1.html "Introducing Magibon, Japan's YouTube
 +
 +
darling" (December 18, 2008)], by Mark Schilling. Retrieved on December 19, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.g4tv.com/attackoftheshow/whoswhoonyoutube/61044/Whos-Who-On
 +
 +
-YouTube-Magibon.html Who's Who On YouTube? - G4TV]</ref><ref name=machinist>{{cite web|first=Cyrus
 +
 +
|last=Farivar|url=http://machinist.salon.com/tech/machinist/blog/2008/01/18/youtube_meme|title=Unclear if latest YouTube craze has deep sociological meaning
 +
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|publisher=[[Salon.com]] |work=Machinist |accessdate=2010-02-04}}</ref><ref name=gvideo/> Magibon is also a member of the YouTube Partner Program.<ref>
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[http://www.youtube.com/members?s=mv&t=a&g=5&c=0&to=0&p=4&locale=en_US&persist_locale=1 YouTube Partner Program]</ref>
 +
 +
==Biography==
 +
Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but now lives in [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name=WPB20080414>''Weekly Playboy'' April 14, 2008 issue: "???????????????"
 +
 +
(Exclusive in-depth interview with Margaret Lillian Adams)</ref> Before becoming a YouTube celebrity,<ref name=jt20081218/><ref name=gvideo/> she learned to speak
 +
 +
some Japanese phrases from watching [[Japanese television drama]]s, [[Anime]] and by listening to Japanese music, however she is not a fluent Japanese speaker.<ref
 +
 +
name=gvideo/><ref name=WPB20080414/>
 +
 +
 +
==YouTube videos==
 +
As of the end of 2010, Margaret Lillian Adams had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her [[YouTube]] channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of
 +
 +
[[vlogging|video blogs]] lasting under one minute,<ref name=machinist/> with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos,
 +
 +
Margaret Lillian Adams speaks or sings in Japanese.<ref name=rbb20080409/> When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied "I don't use scripts.
 +
 +
There's no grand plan."<ref name=jt20081218/>
 +
 +
The magi part of Magibon is a nickname of hers,
 +
Margaret is a fan of [[Morning Musume]], especially of former-member [[Ai Kago]], Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, So, -bon on magibon was taken from [[Ai Kago]]
 +
 +
In her Youtube videos, Margaret plays the role of a quiet, calm girl known as "Magibon" She introduces herself by saying "Minasan, Konnichiwa, Magibon desu." (Hello
 +
 +
Everyone, I'm Magibon) after saying this, she remains quiet until
 +
the end of the video where she says "Bye bye".
 +
 +
Due to Margaret not speaking Japanese well, this is mainly the only thing she has ever said in her videos.
 +
 +
==Public reception==
 +
Viewers often comment on her silent staring but indicate that the videos are compelling.  For example, "these videos are so random, but for some reason, I can’t
 +
 +
stop watching them."<ref>{{citation |url=http://uwmpost.com/article/52/22/3193-Another-Internet-mystery |title=Another Internet mystery - Why Margaret Lillian Adams
 +
 +
may be the future of entertainment |author=Marty Sliva |date= Mar 03, 2008|publisher=The UWM Post}}</ref> Margaret Lillian Adams's [[blog]]s and [[Human physical
 +
 +
appearance|physical appearance]] are often subjected to criticism or rude remarks by non Japanese-speaking viewers.<ref name=jt20081218/><ref name=gawker>{{cite
 +
 +
web|url=http://gawker.com/380285/the-silent-staring-japanese-girl-is-ugly-not-japanese|title=The Silent Staring Japanese Girl Is Ugly, Not Japanese
 +
 +
|accessdate=February 9, 2009 |publisher=[[Gawker.com]] |quote=Then a clip of her on a Japanese talk show, where she needed an English translator. Without the
 +
 +
flattering bird's eye angle of her webcam, her face is long and plain; her teeth are terribly crooked.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=  Jenna |last= Wortham|title=
 +
 +
Subversion, not Sexism, in Internet Culture|url= http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2008/04/post.html |work= [[Wired.com]] |publisher= Condé Nast Publishing
 +
 +
|accessdate=February 9, 2009 |quote= Marwick used the example of Margaret Lillian Adams, a YouTube phenomenon whose videos of herself staring intently into a webcam
 +
 +
elicit millions of views, to talk about the way contemporary celebrity culture permeates internet culture. Margaret Lillian Adamsoccasionally spoke in Japanese,
 +
 +
leading many of her viewers to think she was from Japan. But a disastrous television appearance led to outing Margaret Lillian Adamsas a rural teen from
 +
 +
Pennsylvania. "This faux Japanese doll came off as awkward teenaged, American girl," said Marwick.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=  Nick |last= Douglas |authorlink=
 +
 +
Nick_Douglas_(journalist)|title= Being A Camgirl Now Takes 40 Seconds Of Staring At The Camera|url= http://gawker.com/346624/being-a-camgirl-now-takes-40-seconds-
 +
 +
of-staring-at-the-camera |work= [[Gawker.com]] |publisher= Gawker Media |accessdate=February 9, 2009 |quote= It's not a Japanese fan club; the comments on her
 +
 +
silent and conversational videos are all in English, and most revolve around the theme of "I wanna bang her." But YouTube's ad program doesn't care, and Margaret
 +
 +
Lillian Adams(who further exploits her cuteness at her Yahoo blog) has enough viewers to theoretically make a living as a YouTube partner as history's laziest
 +
 +
camgirl.}}</ref>
 +
 +
==Japanese media coverage==
 +
In Japan, Margaret Lillian Adams has been labeled as "the next [[Leah Dizon]]".<ref name=hochi20081023/><ref name=Mainichi20081023/> In addition to appearing on a
 +
 +
[[TBS Radio & Communications|TBS Radio]] show in Japan,<ref name=jcast20080414>J-Cast News: [http://www.j-cast.com/2008/04/14018990.html "?????????????
 +
 +
??????????????" (Enigmatic girl Margaret Lillian Adams visits Japan and shows her true face - non-committal on show-biz start) (April 14, 2008)]. Retrieved on
 +
 +
October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref> Margaret Lillian Adams has been featured in the Japanese ''[[Weekly Playboy]]'' magazine, appearing in the February 25,
 +
 +
2008,<ref>[http://tsutaya.zassi.net/magazine/307/22674/ ''Weekly Playboy'' February 25, 2008 issue contents]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref> April
 +
 +
14, 2008,<ref>[http://www.zassi.net/mag_index.php?id=307&issue=22993 ''Weekly Playboy'' April 14, 2008 issue contents]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}
 +
 +
</ref> 12/19 May 2008<ref>[http://tsutaya.zassi.net/magazine/307/23183/ ''Weekly Playboy'' 12/19 May 2008 issue contents]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja
 +
 +
icon}}</ref> and November 10, 2008<ref>[http://tsutaya.zassi.net/magazine/307/24331/ ''Weekly Playboy'' November 10, 2008 issue contents]. Retrieved on December 4,
 +
 +
2008. {{ja icon}}</ref> issues.
 +
 +
In April 2008, Margaret Lillian Adams was invited to be interviewed by the Japanese Internet TV company GyaO and flown to Japan to make her debut appearance on
 +
 +
internet TV program ''Midtown TV'' in which she met her idol, [[Mari Yaguchi]] of [[Hello! Project]].<ref name=gvideo>
 +
 +
[http://www.gyao.jp/sityou/catelist/pac_id/pac0009933/ www.gyao.jp]{{dead link|date=February 2010}} {{ja icon}}</ref><ref name=rbb20080409>
 +
 +
[http://www.rbbtoday.com/news/20080409/50217.html "??YouTube???“????”???????!" (Mysterious YouTube girl "Magibon" finally makes a live appearance!) (April 9,
 +
 +
2008)]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref>  A fan event was scheduled for April 12, 2008 by USEN (the owner of GyaO), but this was canceled due to
 +
 +
security concerns following the receipt of a number of threatening emails.<ref name=jcast20080414/>
 +
 +
In October 2008, Margaret Lillian Adams was invited to the 21st [[Tokyo International Film Festival]], and appeared at the world [[premiere]] of the film ''Blue
 +
 +
Symphony'' in [[Roppongi]] on October 22, 2008.<ref name=hochi20081023>Hochi Shimbun: [http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20081023-OHT1T00047.htm “?2???
 +
 +
·????”????????????? (Margaret Lillian Adams, the next Leah Dizon, "concerned about global warming") (October 23, 2008)]{{dead link|date=February 2010}}. Retrieved
 +
 +
on October 28, 2008 {{ja icon}}</ref> Magibon featured as a [[voice acting|voice actor]] in the film.<ref name=Mainichi20081023>Mainichi Shimbun:
 +
 +
[http://mainichi.jp/enta/geinou/news/20081023spn00m200003000c.html "????:“??2?”??????????" (Magibon - the next American import - is a fan of Leah) (October 23,
 +
 +
2008)]{{dead link|date=February 2010}}. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/works.php?id=186 21st Tokyo
 +
 +
International Film Festival: Blue Symphony]</ref>
 +
 +
Margaret Lillian Adams returned to Japan in November 2008, appearing at the "YouTube Live Tokyo" event at [[AgeHa|Studio Coast]] in Tokyo on November 23 alongside
 +
 +
other YouTube personalities and musicians such as [[BoA]] and [[Kreva (rapper)|Kreva]].<ref name=jcast20081027>J-Cast News: [http://www.j-
 +
 +
cast.com/mono/2008/10/27029226.html "?YouTube??????????? 2000???" (2,000 invited to live event staged by YouTube) (October 27, 2008)]. Retrieved on October 29,
 +
 +
2008. {{ja icon}}</ref><ref>Mainichi Shimbun: [http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20081123-00000036-maiall-sci "<??????>??????? ??1???????·?????????????" (November
 +
 +
23, 2008)]{{dead link|date=February 2010}}. Retrieved on December 5, 2008. {{ja icon}}</ref>
 +
 +
==See also==
 +
* [[YouTube celebrities]]
 +
* [[Social impact of YouTube]]
 +
* [[Japanophile]]
 +
 +
==References==
 +
{{Reflist|2}}
 +
 +
==External links==
 +
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/MRirian Margaret Lillian Adams'/MRirian at YouTube]
 +
* [http://ameblo.jp/magibon Margaret Lillian Adams's new blog]
 +
* [http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/magichan2007 Margaret Lillian Adams's blog] {{ja icon}}
 +
* [http://pingmag.jp/2008/12/26/magibon/ PingMag Interview]
 +
 +
{{Persondata
 +
|NAME              = Margaret Lillian Adams
 +
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Magibon
 +
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American internet person
 +
|DATE OF BIRTH    = August 9, 1986
 +
|PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[West Palm Beach, Florida]], [[United States]]
 +
|DATE OF DEATH    =
 +
|PLACE OF DEATH    =
 +
}}
 +
{{DEFAULTSORT:Magibon}}
 +
[[Category:1986 births]]
 +
[[Category:Living people]]
 +
[[Category:People from Florida]]
 +
 +
[[Category:American Internet personalities]]
 +
 +
[[ko:???]]
 +
[[ja:????]]
 +
[[tr:Magibon]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
=Urmila Devi Dasi=
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Urmila_Devi_Dasi_(3rd_nomination)
 +
=Hridaya Caitanya Dasa=
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Hridaya_Caitanya_Dasa
 +
=Kadamba Kanana Swami=
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Kadamba_Kanana_Swami
 +
 +
=Yadunandana_Swami=
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Yadunandana_Swami=
 +
 +
= Tachikawa-ryu =
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Tachikawa-ryu Tachikawa-ryu]
 +
Fascinating story. The WP only touches on it. For all the world it is the religion in Vagrant Story, sexual and enlightening, being stamped out by prudish
 +
 +
Buddhists, of all people. Just amazing. The Buddhist seachange is a religious counterpart to the Republican slave freers becoming Georgian integration opponents,
 +
 +
backwards.
 +
 +
'''Tachikawa-ryu''' is a Japanese school of esoteric Buddhism ([[mikkyo]]) of [[Shingonshu]] founded in 1114 by the monk Nin-kan (1057-1123ADE); in an attempt to
 +
 +
create a Japanese tradition corresponding to Indian Tantra (Skt., vamacara)
 +
 +
== History ==
 +
 +
Tachikawa-ryu is a branch of [[Shingon]] [[mikkyo]] founded by the monk Ninkan. As such it is a school of esoteric Buddhism founded on the principal of using magic
 +
 +
to control supernatural and cosmic forces and through these magical Rites and Rituals attain enlightenment. Tachikawa-ryu is no different in its approach other than
 +
 +
it chooses to focus on perhaps the oldest form of magic - [[sex magic]].
 +
 +
The school formed in the early 12th century by combining [[onmyodo]] ([[Taoist]] yin-yang magic) with Shingon ritual magical practices. It is so named because it
 +
 +
was in the town of Tachikawa in the [[Izu province]] of Japan.  Ninkan is said to have transmitted the esoteric teachings of Shingon to a Taoist onmyoji (yin-yang
 +
 +
master) master, who then combined the two methods into a single school. Because of its use of ritual sex magic and accusations of involvement in so called “black”
 +
 +
magic, the school was frowned upon by the Shingon leaders, and its priests were frequently sent into exile. The monk Yzukai (1345–1416ADE) is generally credited
 +
 +
with taking the lead on extirpating the Tachikawa-ryu school from Shingon
 +
 +
== The founder: Nin-kan ==
 +
== Sacred Texts (tantras) ==
 +
 +
The primary literature for all schools of Shingonshu are the [[Mahavairocana Tantra]] (Jap. Dainichi-kyo ???), the [[Vajrasekhara Sutra]] (Kongocho-kyo ????), the
 +
 +
Adhyardhasatika Prajñaparamita Sutra (Rishu-kyo ???), and the Susiddhikara Sutra (Soshitsuji-kyo ????). These are the four principle texts of Esoteric Buddhism.
 +
 +
They are all [[Tantras]] (Literally “treatise”, “exposition”. Understood to mean, “What has proceeded, and come down”) (Evola, 1968) and not [[Sutras]] despite
 +
 +
their names.  Tachikawa-ryu also studied the ''Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in this very
 +
 +
Body'', or simply the ''Sutra of Great Bliss'' for short. It is a short sutra, and forms the basis of Tachikawa-ryu practices.
 +
 +
The sutra is:
 +
 +
'''Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in this very Body'''
 +
 +
''Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman is the supreme buddha activity. Sex is the source of intense pleasure, the root of creation, necessary for every
 +
 +
living being, and a natural act of reveneration. To be united as a man and woman is to united with Buddha (capital "B" referring to the Historical [[Buddha]],
 +
 +
Prince [[Siddhattha Gotama]]).''
 +
 +
''The sound A represents the Womb Realm ([[Garbhadhatu|Garbhakosa-dhatu]]; Taizo-kai/???), Mother (Yin/in), great compassion, and the red lotus. The sound UN [hu?]
 +
 +
represents the Diamond ([[vajra]]) Realm ([[Diamond Realm|Vajradhatu]]); Kongo-kai/???), father (yang/yo), wisdom, and the white stupa. A/Un (the alpha and omega)
 +
 +
represents is female/male (non-duality, [[paradox]]), yin/yang, ocean/mountain, mercy/charity, emptiness/form. The red seed from the female and the white seed from
 +
 +
the male bring human beings into existence. The unity and integration of A/Un creates and sustains the universe. This is the truth, not falsehood.''
 +
 +
''Prior to performing these rites, the man and woman take these vows:''
 +
 +
''
 +
1) We trust in the teachings of the Tachikawa-ryu.
 +
 +
2) We vow to cooperate and come together in mutual accord in the body and mind at all times.
 +
 +
3) We vow to perform these rites carefully under stric supervision by a master of Tachikawa-ryu.
 +
 +
4) We vow to try not to argue or fight.
 +
 +
5) We vow to try and avoid competing, making unconstructive criticisms, or blame each other.
 +
 +
6) We vow to try not to over indulge in food or drink.''
 +
 +
''The buddha couple should bathe together in a curative hot spring without physical contact. The couple must be in perfect accord in body, mind, and speech. The
 +
 +
couple must be in bright, positive mood, free of gloom, despair, or unhappiness. The man is venerated as Fudo myo-O ([[Acala]]); the woman is venerated and embodies
 +
 +
Aizen myo-O/???? ([[Ragaraja]]). The holy couple faces each other and they make the three prostrations (sanrai). Reciting,''
 +
 +
''
 +
Male: "I aspire to enter the Womb realm."
 +
 +
Female: "I aspire to receive the diamond (vajra) realm."''
 +
 +
''The room must be spotless and absolutely clean, well secluded, with a small altar. The secret buddha image is kept veiled, not to be uncovered until after the
 +
 +
rites are preformed. Kuden (secret oral teaching), the instructions regarding the buddha image are only to transmitted orally and never written down. Fresh flowers
 +
 +
are placed on the altar, together with appropriate seasonal offerings from the mountains and the sea. Kindle fragrant incense. Light the room with five candles.
 +
 +
(The candles are the five colors of the elements and are placed in the appropriate direction: fire-red, south; water-black, north; wood-green/blue, east; earth-
 +
 +
yellow, south; void-white, west)''
 +
 +
''The buddha image is one's own body. Therefore, the man and woman shed their robes in the corner (southwest) and face each other completely naked and adorned. The
 +
 +
Rites are to begin at midnight. The man crosses his legs in the full lotus position and the woman sits on the top of the man and lets his jeweled jade enter her
 +
 +
mysterious lotus. (This posture reacts the position of many esoteric deities and their consorts, in particular that of [[Shiva]] and [[Shakti]]). During the sexual
 +
 +
congress of the two roots of existence (A/Un), the breath should be harmonized in an A (inhale) and Un (exhale) rhythm. The man should keep his jeweled jade pressed
 +
 +
against the woman's womb as they meditate together, blending the male/female components of the five elements (godai): earth, water, fire, wood, and air/void. If
 +
 +
done properly, this blending of the elements will form a five-colored rainbow: yellow, blue, red, green, and white. The mother/father buddha posture is best, but
 +
 +
other postures and mantra are allowed. (goku-I kuden ari: secret oral instructions and essential teachings are given but unknown at this time)''
 +
 +
''However, at the break of dawn when the rooster crows, the buddha couple should be in the mother/father posture. At that time, the buddha couple should come to a
 +
 +
mutual instant of universal bliss; that is the moment of universal truth, a state of pure ecstasy, an unobstructed integration of emptiness and form. This is the
 +
 +
realm of Dianichi Nyorai ([[Vairocana]]), the Cosmic Buddha where myriad elements exist in perfect equilibrium.''
 +
 +
''Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone utterly beyond! All hail the Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in
 +
 +
this very Body!"''
 +
 +
(From John Stevens, Tantra of the Tachikawa-ryu)
 +
 +
'''Notes on the Sutra of Great Bliss:'''
 +
 +
*A 'a' is said to be present in each consonant, and to be the mother of all of the letters. If you open your mouth and breath out the sound is 'a'. In Sanskrit if
 +
 +
you add 'a' as a prefix it makes a word have the opposite meaning: [[vidya]] is knowledge; [[avidya]] is ignorance. So 'a' came to represent the essence of the
 +
 +
[[Prajñaparamita]], or Perfection of Wisdom, tradition. This idea was explicitly expressed in the Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom in One Letter, that letter being
 +
 +
'a'. In Buddhism phenomena are said to neither absolutely exist, nor non-exist - they arise in dependence on conditions, and cease when those conditions cease. This
 +
 +
is similar to a Hindu aphorism about reality which says: not this, not this. Conceptual categories such as existence and non-existence are not able to encompass the
 +
 +
true nature of phenomena.
 +
 +
*Un - The various aspects take in all Truths, all teachings, all practices, and all attainments. It summarises the two basic false views of [[nihilism]] and
 +
 +
[[eternalism]], and shows them to be false. The Truth of things is that they are neither real nor unreal, these categories do not apply – this is a restatement of
 +
 +
the Buddha’s fundamental insight into the nature of phenomena. See also [[Kukai]]'s (Kobo Diashi) Ungi gi (meaning of the syllable hu?).
 +
 +
*The role of the man and Fudo myo-O, and the woman as Aizen myo-O is esotericaly symbolic of the man and woman in unbreakable union and irrevocably stained with
 +
 +
love/passion. Fudo myo-o is the general of the [[Five Wisdom Kings]], his name means "Imovable one". Aizen myo-O is also a Wisdom King, his name means, "One who is
 +
 +
stained red with love/passion".
 +
 +
*The translation "gone, gone, gone completly beyond" is similar but different to the word "excelsior"
 +
 +
This sums up the central tenet of all Tachikawa-ryu teachings: Buddhahood (infinite compassion, wisdom and liberation) can be obtained through controlled, ritual
 +
 +
sexuality between motivated and experienced partners. The Tachikawa adepts are convinced that the loss of self, of ego, which occurs during sexual play can lead
 +
 +
toward enlightenment (unbaised understanding)- and that the moment of orgasm (called the Lion's Roar) is a moment of revelation.
 +
 +
== Modern times ==
 +
 +
For all practical purposes Tachikawa-ryu is extinct. It was outlawed in the 13th century by the Japanese authorities, and almost all its writings were either
 +
 +
burned, or sealed away at [[Koya-san]] and related monasteries. However, there have been claims that the school continued covertly until at least 1689 - and
 +
 +
according to John Stevens (Lust for Enlightenment) it is still active today; in disguise.
 +
 +
== Discussion ==
 +
 +
Many terms used in esoteric Buddhism are just that, esoteric. They are that way for many reason. Perhaps the most important is to keep secret the real meaning of
 +
 +
the writtings. However, as esoteric as some terms may be, it is impossible to disguise the meaning and intent of the writtings. Another is the social climate of the
 +
 +
time. All though such terms are quite intriguing, many reader of Tibetan texts has most certainly come across similar ones. For example, jeweled Jade, mysterious
 +
 +
lotus, great bliss, lion's roar, or the concept that sexual activity can lead to revelation. However, it is important to note that there is no direct, historical
 +
 +
link between Tibetan [[Vajrayana]] and Japanese Shingon/Tachikawa teachings. What they do have in common is are from the same source, Buddhism and Tantra ... and
 +
 +
therefore it should not be supprising that they both arrived at similar conclusions:
 +
 +
*Great Bliss In India and Tibet, the term occurs in the name of female initiates, in the practice known as The Path of Skillful Means, in the Six Tantric Yogas of
 +
 +
Sister Niguma and elsewhere.
 +
 +
*Lion's Roar The original story behind this term is found in an Indian sutra. When the Buddha emerged from the royal yoni of his mother, he stood up, pointed the
 +
 +
finger of one hand to the sky (male), the finger of the other hand to the earth (female), and then roared like a lion to announce he had arrived in this world. In
 +
 +
Tibetan circles, Lion's Roar has become an expression for two different things:
 +
 +
a) the challenge posed to one's self by embracing and practicing Buddhist teachings b) a form of martial arts
 +
 +
*Revelation There is a (living) Tibetan tradition in which certain male adepts (tertons) receive revelations (terma) with the aid of female guides/partners during
 +
 +
sexual activity. This is related to dakini worship.
 +
 +
*Most of the sacred texts of the Tachikawa were either destroyed, or are, like the Sutra of Sacred Bliss, hidden away in monasteries, “securely sealed and marked
 +
 +
with the century-old notice "ake-bekarazu”; [van Gulik, 1974; p.&nbsp;359], a note that reads in plain English as "Do Not Open!".
 +
 +
However, a few Japanese and other researchers have meanwhile unearthed and published various material about the Tachikawa-ryu, especially in the last 20 years, for
 +
 +
us to get an idea of their sexual symbolism and practices.
 +
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]
 +
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes, and in a
 +
 +
crazy turnaround, an entire subcategory, the main category of which has been hacked to pieces at AfD: cat:Martial arts moves
 +
 +
SPA Paranoia: SPA is indistinguishable from the majority of WP editors who make one edit to an article and never edit again This article was created by an SPA and
 +
 +
is about a non-notable martial art.<ref>[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ketsugo jujutsu]]</ref>
 +
 +
 +
=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Yutaka_Hara Yutaka Hara]=
 +
take the links, edit them into [[List of mangaka]]
 +
 +
{{nihongo|'''Yutaka Hara'''|? ???|''Hara Yutaka''}} is a Japanese [[mangaka]]. He was born in Kumamoto in 1953, and is the winner of the 1974 KFS Contest Kodansha
 +
 +
Children's Literature Award (KFS?????·????????????).<ref>http://www.books-keirindo.co.jp/common/news/20091219.html</ref>. 
 +
 +
He is the author of several series of children's illustrated books including the very popular ''[[Kaiketsu Zorori]] (Incredible Zorori)'', ''Chiisana Mori (Small
 +
 +
Forest)'', ''Meimon furaido chiken shougakkou (the famous fried chicken primary school])'' and ''Touyuuki (travels in the east)''.
 +
 +
==References==
 +
{{Reflist}}
 +
 +
==External Link ==
 +
 +
*[http://www.zorori.com/ Hara Yuataka's page ''Kaiketsu Zorori''] (in Japanese)
 +
 +
 +
=Edelmiro Abad=
 +
The bad practice of nominating as a group meets its inevitable nemesis: opposition as a group
 +
 +
=[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/IQ_testing_environmental_variances IQ testing environmental variances]=
 +
 +
Arguing that IQ tests are often wrongly described as measuring "innate" rather than developed ability, {{Harvtxt|Jencks|Phillips|1998}} conclude that this "labeling
 +
 +
bias" causes people to inappropriately attribute the Black-White gap to "innate" differences.<ref>
 +
 +
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/interviews/jencks.html PBS Jencks Interview] "If we change the names of the tests, they still measure the same
 +
 +
thing but it wouldn't convey this idea that somehow you've gotten the potential of somebody when you measured their IQ. And I think that creates a big bias, because
 +
 +
the people who do badly on the tests are labeled as people with low potential in many people's minds and they sometimes even believe that about themselves."</ref>
 +
 +
{{Dubious|date=March 2008}}
 +
They assert that non-cultural environmental factors cause gaps measured by the tests, rather than any possible innate difference based on genetics, and to use these
 +
 +
tests as a measure of innate difference is misleading and improper.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Jencks|Phillips|1998}} "... we find it hard to see how anyone reading these
 +
 +
studies with an open mind could conclude that innate ability played a large role in the black-white gap."</ref>{{Dubious|date=March 2008}}
 +
 +
Regarding the IQ gaps in the U.S., there are numerous possible explanations beside genetics. One author lists more than a hundred.<ref>
 +
 +
[http://personnelselection.com/adverse.impact.htm Applied Personnel Research: Consulting and Expert Witness Services<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It has been
 +
 +
suggested that [[African-American]] culture disfavors academic achievement and fosters an environment that is damaging to IQ.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Boykin|1994}}</ref>
 +
 +
Likewise, it is argued that the persistence of negative racial stereotypes reinforces this effect. John Ogbu has developed a hypothesis that the condition of being
 +
 +
a "caste-like minority" affects motivation and achievement, depressing IQ.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Ogbu|1978}}; {{Harvtxt|Ogbu|2003}}.  See {{Harvtxt|Jensen|1998b}}, pp. 511
 +
 +
-512 for a critique of these arguments.</ref>  Similarly, it is suggested that reduced performance from "stereotype threat" could be a contributing factor.<ref>
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Steele|Aronson|1995}} found that making race salient when taking a test of cognitive ability negatively affected high-ability African American students.
 +
 +
They name this phenomenon stereotype threat. {{Harvtxt|Sackett et al.|2004}} point out that these findings are widely misinterpreted to mean that eliminating
 +
 +
stereotype threat eliminated the Black-White performance gap. See also {{Harvtxt|Cohen|Sherman|2005}}, {{Harvtxt|Helms|2005}}, {{Harvtxt|Wicherts|2005}} and
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Sackett et al.|2005}} for discussion of the implications of stereotype threat for race and intelligence research.</ref>
 +
 +
Estimates of the significance of genetics vs. environment are dependent on the strength of environmental factors. For example,
 +
 +
[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15133590&dopt=Abstract schizophrenia], regarded as being highly heritable
 +
 +
{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, has seen increased rates in second and third generation immigrants to Western European countries which do not seem to be the result of
 +
 +
increased genetic susceptibility, but another, as yet unidentified, environmental factor(s) that seems to have become more influential{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
 +
 +
Many anthropologists{{Who|date=July 2007}} have argued that intelligence is a cultural category; some cultures emphasize speed and competition more than others, for
 +
 +
example. Speculations about innate differences in intelligence between ethnic groups have occurred throughout history.  [[Aristotle]] in the 4th century B.C. and
 +
 +
[[Cicero]] in the 1st. century B.C. disparaged the intelligence of the northern Europeans of the time, as did the [[Moors]] in [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]] in the
 +
 +
11th century.
 +
<ref>Aristotle: "Having spoken of the number of the citizens, we will proceed to speak of what should be their character. This is a subject which can be easily
 +
 +
understood by any one who casts his eye on the more celebrated states of [[Greece|Hellas]], and generally on the distribution of races in the habitable world. Those
 +
 +
who live in a cold climate and in Europe are full of spirit, but wanting in intelligence and skill; and therefore they retain comparative freedom, but have no
 +
 +
political organization, and are incapable of ruling over others. Whereas the natives of Asia are intelligent and inventive, but they are wanting in spirit, and
 +
 +
therefore they are always in a state of subjection and slavery. But the Hellenic race, which is situated between them, is likewise intermediate in character, being
 +
 +
high-spirited and also intelligent. Hence it continues free, and is the best-governed of any nation, and, if it could be formed into one state, would be able to
 +
 +
rule the world." (Aristotle, ''[[Politics (Aristotle)|Politics]]'', [http://www.constitution.org/ari/polit_07.htm ch. 7]).
 +
<br>
 +
[[Cicero]]: "Do not obtain your slaves from Britain because they are so stupid and so utterly incapable of being taught that they are not fit to form a part of the
 +
 +
household of Athens." Attributed to Cicero's ''Epistulae ad Atticum'' (Letters to Atticus), 68 BC-43 BC ([http://ebooks.cib.unibo.it/archive/00000151/ latin text]).
 +
 +
Translation: {{Harvtxt|Cicero|1918}}.
 +
<br>
 +
"Races north of the [[Pyrenees]] are of cold temperament and never reach maturity; they are of great stature and of a white colour.  But they lack all sharpness of
 +
 +
wit and penetration of intellect."  Attributed to "Said of Toledo (a [[Moors|Moorish]] savant)" by {{Harvtxt|Benedict|1999}} (p.34), originally quoted in
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Hogben|1931}}.</ref>
 +
 +
In the developing world there are many factors can greatly decrease IQ scores. Examples include nutrition deficiencies in [[iodine]] and [[iron]]; certain diseases
 +
 +
like [[malaria]]; unregulated toxic industrial substances like [[lead]] and [[mercury (element)|mercury]]; and poor health care for pregnant women and infants. Also
 +
 +
in the developed world there are many biological factors that can affect IQ. Increased rates of low birth weight babies and lower rates of breastfeeding in Blacks
 +
 +
as compared to Whites are some factors of many that have been proposed to affect the IQ gap.<ref>See [[Race and intelligence (Explanations)#Nongenetic biological
 +
 +
factors]]</ref>
 +
 +
The secular, international increase in test scores, commonly called the [[Flynn effect]], is seen by Flynn and others as reason to expect the eventual convergence
 +
 +
of average black and white IQ scores. Flynn argues that the average IQ scores in several countries have increased about 3 points per decade during the 20th century,
 +
 +
which he and others attribute predominantly to environmental causes.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Flynn|1987}}, {{Harvtxt|Flynn|1987b}}, {{Harvtxt|Flynn|1999}},
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Flynn|1999b}}</ref> This means, given the same test, the mean black American performance today could be higher than the mean white American performance in
 +
 +
1920, though the gains causing this appear to have occurred predominantly in the lower half of the IQ distribution.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Colom et al.|2005}}</ref> If
 +
 +
changes in environment can cause changes in IQ over time, they argue, then contemporary differences between groups could also be due to an unknown environmental
 +
 +
factor. On the supposition that the effect started earlier for whites, because their social and economical conditions began to improve earlier than did those of
 +
 +
blacks, they anticipate that the IQ gap among races might change in the future or is even now changing. An added complication to this hypothesis is the question of
 +
 +
whether the secular IQ gains can be predominantly a real change in cognitive ability. Flynn's face-value answer to this question is "No",<ref>
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Flynn|1999}}</ref> and other researchers have found reason to concur.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Wicherts et al.|2004}} concluded that "the gains cannot be explained
 +
 +
solely by increases at the level of the latent variables (common factors), which IQ tests purport to measure". An analysis by {{Harvtxt|Rushton|1999}} found that
 +
 +
the IQ increases associated with the Flynn effect did not produce changes in ''g'', which Rushton compares to the finding by {{Harvtxt|Jensen|1998a}} that IQ
 +
 +
increases associated with adoption likewise do not increase ''g''. {{Harvtxt|Flynn|1999b}} disagrees with Rushton's analysis.</ref> Responding to such concerns,
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Dickens and Flynn|2001}} have proposed a solution which rests on genotype-environment correlation, hypothesizing that small initial differences in
 +
 +
environment cause feedback effects which magnify into large IQ differences.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Rowe and Rodgers|2002}} and others find this hypothesis unsupported by the
 +
 +
available evidence. {{Harvtxt|Dickens and Flynn|2002}} respond to these criticisms.</ref> Such differences would need to develop before age 3, when the black-white
 +
 +
IQ gap can be first detected.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Rushton|Jensen|2005a}}</ref>
 +
 +
Many studies that attempt to test for heritability find results that do not support the partly-genetic hypothesis (20-80% genetic). They include studies on IQ and
 +
 +
skin color,<ref>{{Harvtxt|Shuey|1966}} reported the average correlation between skin color and IQ among American blacks is .1; for comparison {{Harvtxt|Parra|2004}}
 +
 +
found the correlation between skin color and fraction of West-African ancestry is .4.</ref> self-reported European ancestry,<ref>{{Harvtxt|Jenkins|1936}}</ref>
 +
 +
children in post WWII Germany born to black and white American soldiers,<ref>{{Harvtxt|Eyferth|1961}}; see note below</ref> blood groups,<ref>{{Harvtxt|Scarr et
 +
 +
al.|1977}}, {{Harvtxt|Loehlin et al.|1973}}</ref> and mixed-race children born to either a black or a white mother.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Willerman et al.|1974}}</ref> Many
 +
 +
intervention and adoption studies also find results that do not support the genetic hypothesis.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Nisbett|2005}}</ref> Non-hereditarians have argued
 +
 +
that these are direct tests of the genetic hypothesis and of more value than indirect variables, such as skull size and reaction time.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Nisbett|2005}}
 +
 +
</ref> Hereditarians argue that these studies are flawed due to their age, lack of replication, problems with their sample population, or that they do in fact
 +
 +
support the partly-genetic hypothesis.<ref>{{Harvtxt|Rushton|Jensen|2005b}} argue that these studies are "peculiarly old, the mean year of publication being 1960"
 +
 +
and "actually very weak and nondecisive, not having been replicated even once". {{Harvtxt|Jensen|1998b}}, for example, points out that while the study of children
 +
 +
born in post-WWII Germany finds no difference between white and interracial children, it does find a large difference in IQ between boys and girls, suggesting that
 +
 +
sampling artifacts have affected the results.</ref>
 +
 +
{{Harvtxt|Fryer|Levitt|2006}}, with data from "the first large, nationally representative sample" of its kind, report finding only a very small racial difference
 +
 +
when measuring mental function for children aged eight to twelve months, and that even these differences disappear when including a "limited set of controls".<ref
 +
 +
name="Fryer and Levitt">{{Harvtxt|Fryer|Levitt|2006}} [http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/fryer/papers/fryer_levitt_ecls_babies.pdf Testing for Racial
 +
 +
Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children] "On tests of intelligence, Blacks systematically score worse than Whites, whereas Asians frequently outperform
 +
 +
Whites. Some have argued that genetic differences across races account for the gap. Using a newly available nationally representative data set that includes a test
 +
 +
of mental function for children aged eight to twelve months, we find only minor racial differences in test outcomes (0.06 standard deviation units in the raw data)
 +
 +
between Blacks and Whites that disappear with the inclusion of a limited set of controls. The only statistically significant racial difference is that Asian
 +
 +
children score slightly worse than those of other races. To the extent that there are any genetically-driven racial differences in intelligence, these gaps must
 +
 +
either emerge after the age of one, or operate along dimensions not captured by this early test of mental cognition."</ref>  They argue that their report poses "a
 +
 +
substantial challenge to the simplest, most direct, and most often articulated genetic stories regarding racial differences in mental function."<ref name="Fryer and
 +
 +
Levitt"/> They conclude that "to the extent that there are any genetically-driven racial differences in intelligence, these gaps must either emerge after the age of
 +
 +
one, or operate along dimensions not captured by this early test of mental cognition."<ref name="Fryer and Levitt"/>
 +
 +
Another recent theory hypothesizes that fluid cognition (gF') may be separable from general intelligence, and that gF' may be very susceptible to environmental
 +
 +
factors, in particular early childhood stress. Some IQ tests, especially those used with children, are poor measures of gF', which means that the effect of the
 +
 +
environment on intelligence regarding racial differences, the Flynn effect, early childhood intervention, and life outcomes may have been underestimated in many
 +
 +
studies. The article has received numerous peer commentaries for and against.<ref>''How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental
 +
 +
neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of human cognitive ability'', Behavioral and Brain Sciences  (2006), 29: 109-125 Cambridge University
 +
 +
Press, Clancy Blair.  Multiple comments can be seen on [http://scholar.google.se/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=S%C3%
 +
 +
B6k+Scholar&as_epq=How+similar+are+fluid+cognition+and+general+intelligence&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=&as_publication=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&as_y
 +
 +
lo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=sv&lr= Google Scholar.]</ref>
 +
 +
==Notes==
 +
<references/>
 +
 +
[[Category:Intelligence tests]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
= Sassenach =
 +
 +
'''Sassenach''' is a word used chiefly by the [[Scottish people|Scots]] to designate an Englishman. It derives from the [[Scottish Gaelic]] ''Sasunnach'' meaning,
 +
 +
originally, "[[Saxons|Saxon]]", from the Latin "[[Saxons|Saxones]]"; it was also formerly applied by [[Gàidhealtachd|Highlanders]] to (non-Gaelic-speaking)
 +
 +
[[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlanders]]<ref>''The Concise Scots Dictionary'', Aberdeen University Press, 1985</ref>. As employed by [[Scots language|Scots]] or [[Scottish
 +
 +
English]]-speakers today it is usually used in jest, as a (friendly) term of abuse. The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] (OED) gives 1771 as the date of the earliest
 +
 +
written use of the word in English.
 +
 +
''Sasanach'', the [[Irish language|Irish-language]] word for an Englishman, has the same derivation, as do the words used in [[Welsh language|Welsh]] to describe
 +
 +
the English people (''Saeson'', sing. ''Sais'') and the language and things English in general: ''Saesneg'' and ''Seisnig''. These words are normally, however, used
 +
 +
only in the Irish and Welsh languages themselves.
 +
 +
[[Cornish language|Cornish]] also terms English ''Sawsnek'' from the same derivation. Some Cornish were known to use the expression '''Meea navidna cowza
 +
 +
sawzneck''!' to feign ignorance of the English language.<ref>[[Richard Carew (antiquary)|Richard Carew]], ''Survey of Cornwall'', 1602 N.B. in revived Cornish, this
 +
 +
would be transcribed '''My ny vynnaf cows sowsnek'''. However the Cornish word ''Emit'' meaning "ant" (and perversely derived from [[Old English|OE]]) is more
 +
 +
commonly used in Cornwall today as slang to designate non-Cornish Englishmen.</ref>
 +
 +
==Uses==
 +
In [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]]'', [[Buck Mulligan]] refers to Haines, a British guest in the [[Martello tower]] with them, as "the Sassenach".
 +
 +
And in the "Cyclops" episode, the citizen, a Gaelic revivalist, says: "To hell with the bloody brutal Sassenachs and their patois."
 +
 +
In the well-known Irish Rebel song, "The Bold Fenian Men", the final couplet uses the word ''sassenach'':  ''All who love foreign law, native or sassenach, must out
 +
 +
and make way for the bold Fenian men.''
 +
 +
In the [[Outlander (novel)|''Outlander'' series of novels]] by [[Diana Gabaldon]], the main character, Englishwoman Claire Fraser (Beauchamp), is often referred to
 +
 +
as 'Sassenach' by her Scottish husband, Jamie Fraser, as a [[term of endearment]], though it is more usually employed against the English as a term of abuse.
 +
 +
In the film ''[[The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep]]'', the handyman Mowbray rebukes Captain Hamilton for his "Sassenach attitudes".
 +
 +
In an episode of ''[[The Broons]]'', Hen and Joe go out dressed in [[Kilt]]s and carrying weapons ("Doon wi' the Sassenachs!"). Granpaw Broon tries to warn them
 +
 +
("It'll no' come aff - it's been tried before!"). His grandsons, however, are just playing cameo roles in a film.<ref>''The Broons'', 1983 Annual</ref>
 +
 +
In the video game ''[[Nancy Drew: The Haunting of Castle Malloy ]]'', by ''[[Her Interactive]]'', the caretaker Donal refers to the missing fiancé using the Irish
 +
 +
form "Sasanach".
 +
 +
One of the headstones in the video game [[Fable III]] (specifically, in the Mercenary Camp in Mistpeak) refers to a man who was "killed by the Sassanachs".
 +
 +
==References==
 +
 +
{{refs}}
 +
 +
{{language-stub}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Ethnic and religious slurs]][[Category:British society]]
 +
 +
[[fr:Sassenach]]
 +
[[ja:?????]]
 +
 +
 +
= Sante Kimes =
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sante_Kimes  - with this AfD's kind of attitude, WP is probably either sued a lot or will be] In fact, the worst behaviour is in the
 +
 +
AfD; the article is relatively speaking, unbiased. 'fleecing'? is the only word that can be replaced, although the summary style is not purely factual. This one is
 +
 +
worth keeping not only just for the AfD, but only for the AfD. "Tough crap if it's 'biased' - she's a convicted murderer." Delicious junk food.
 +
 +
= Channel drift =
 +
Reservations: TV subject, and real reasons for MTV 'drifting' (copyright & expense) not adequately represented by the definition, and it may be impossible to do so
 +
{{Globalize/USA|date=November 2010}}<!-- For example, some countries have regulations that stipulate some channels' purposes when authorizing them, particularly for
 +
 +
those channels that were licensed for the purpose of providing underrepresented subject matter. -->
 +
'''Channel drift''', or '''network decay'''<ref>[http://www.tvsquad.com/2008/01/21/tv-101-channel-drift-or-what-the-hell-happened-to-aande/ TV 101: Channel Drift
 +
 +
(or, what the hell happened to A&E?)]</ref> is the gradual transition of a [[television network]] away from its original programming focus to either target a newer
 +
 +
more lucrative audience, or to broaden their viewership by including less [[niche market|niche]] programming. Networks that focus on a particular theme, such as
 +
 +
[[Golf Channel]], tend to show shows outside of this scope that the channel's management feels that the viewers would also like to see, though balancing the needs
 +
 +
of expanding a network's audience while continuing to service a channel's most loyal viewers.
 +
 +
However, this is not always successful. [[MTV]] began the drifting in the early 1990s by dropping [[music videos]] and switching to reality and other programming,
 +
 +
with [[VH1]] and [[Country Music Television|CMT]] following. Viewers have complained and sometimes abandoned a channel that no longer airs the shows that the
 +
 +
viewers originally tuned in to see, causing problems for the network in question, such has been the case for [[Cartoon Network (United States)#CN Real|Cartoon
 +
 +
Network's "CN Real"]] live-action [[reality television]] block of programming, along with the rebranding of Sci-Fi Channel to [[Syfy]] for both trademark reasons
 +
 +
and to allow a stretching of the network's definition of appropriate programming, including ''[[Law and Order SVU]]'' reruns and [[ECW]] wrestling. (In 2010 ECW was
 +
 +
replaced by [[NXT]], and in October [[WWE SmackDown]] will move from [[MyNetworkTV]] to Syfy.)<ref>[http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-cartoon-
 +
 +
reality17-2009jun17,0,2449190.story : LA Times: Cartoon Network's new reality shows?]</ref><ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118001474.html?
 +
 +
categoryid=2526&cs=1 Variety: Sci Fi's change to Syfy draws online critics]</ref> CMT meanwhile has begun to air programming such as ''[[Nanny 911]]'', ''[[Trading
 +
 +
Spouses]]'' and ''[[Extreme Makeover: Home Edition]]'' (which also airs on [[TV Land]], which would ironically have no connection to the classic TV shows it
 +
 +
originally aired) along with other programming which has little or no connection to [[southern culture]], much less [[country music]], while networks such as
 +
 +
[[HGTV]] and the [[Food Network]] have in intervening years moved away from straight instructional shows for their audience in order to bring in an entertainment-
 +
 +
minded audience.
 +
 +
Sometimes, a channel will [[rebrand]] itself, and focus on completely different audience than intended at the channel's founding; for example, the conversion of
 +
 +
[[Court TV]] channel to [[truTV]] allowed it to show more reality-based programming (though retaining a [[Law enforcement agency|law enforcement]] focus, such as
 +
 +
repeats of ''[[World's Wildest Police Videos]]'') and slowly phase out their advertising-adverse [[legal system]] and courtroom programming, a process which is to
 +
 +
end in October 2009 when [[truTV#In Session|the remaining courtroom analysis]] programs transitioned to [[CNN.com]]'s legal news section and unpromoted and reduced
 +
 +
court coverage from [[CNN Center]] on the mainline channel. TruTV will even air first- and second-round games of the [[NCAA men's basketball tournament]] starting
 +
 +
in 2011.<ref>[http://www.katu.com/entertainment/12926207.html AP: Court TV becomes Tru TV]</ref>
 +
 +
==References==
 +
{{Reflist}}
 +
 +
==Further reading==
 +
* {{Cite web|year=2009|publisher=Off the Telly|work=|author=Dominic Small|title=Channel Changing|url=http://offthetelly.co.uk/?page_id=6733}}
 +
 +
==External links==
 +
* [http://www.tvsquad.com/2006/04/22/more-live-action-programs-on-cartoon-network/ More live action programs on cartoon network]
 +
* [http://phaser.mewvision.com/archives/248 Network Decay]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}
 +
* [http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/NetworkDecay Network Decay - TV Tropes Wiki]
 +
 +
{{DEFAULTSORT:Channel Drift}}
 +
[[Category:Television terminology]]
 +
 +
 +
=[[Wikipedia:Tabun (nerve agent)#History]]=
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Nova_6
 +
 +
 +
= Flow notation system =
 +
http://qn5.com/tonedeff/fns/ & deleted at AfD
 +
 +
 +
= Serbian-Albanian conflict =
 +
http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Serbian-Albanian_conflict and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Serbian%E2%80%93Albanian_conflict
 +
 +
= Kept - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2011_January_31#Concepts_in_the_seduction_community Concepts in the seduction community]
 +
 +
=
 +
 +
 +
= The Judeo-Christian deity in Marvel Comics =
 +
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/One-Above-All
 +
{{Superherobox|
 +
|image=[[Image:One-Above-All.jpg|300px]]
 +
|caption='''The One-Above-All''' as depicted in ''[[Sensational Spider-Man]]'' vol. 2, #40 (October 2007) Art by [[Clayton Crain]].
 +
|character_name=
 +
|real_name=
 +
|publisher=[[Marvel Comics]]
 +
|debut=''Doctor Strange'' vol. 2, #13 (April 1976)
 +
|creators=[[Steve Englehart]]
 +
|alliances=
 +
|powers=[[Omnipotent]]<br>[[Omniscient]]<br>[[Omnipresent]]
 +
|}}
 +
Both as an expression of various authors' personal belief and influenced by the [[Comics Code Authority]], the Judeo-Christian deity has made numerous appearances
 +
 +
in the 'Marvel Universe'. '''One-Above-All''' is the prevalent [[memetic]] name for the supreme [[God]] of the [[fictional character|fictional]] [[Marvel Comics]]
 +
 +
mythology. The character of God more closely resembles the Old Testament version than the New Testament version of Jesus speaks of, in these action-adventure
 +
 +
stories; power and majesty, vengeance and jealousy, other than the one pandering to Jesus Freak sentiments of the probably imaginary hippie comic readership in
 +
 +
1968. Always selling out to the highest bidder, Marvel ceased portraying God until he was safely esconced in the media portrayal of a reactionary 1990s (!!!), and
 +
 +
post-Patriot Act, the pace of appearances increased.
 +
 +
==Publication history==
 +
The title "One-Above-All" itself was coined in ''[[Doctor Strange]]: Master of the Mystic Arts'' vol. 2, #13 (April 1976), written by [[Steve Englehart]], and the
 +
 +
entity visibly manifested in ''[[Fantastic Four]]'' #511 (May 2004).
 +
 +
The entity appears in ''[[The Sensational Spider-Man]]'' vol. 2, #40 (Oct. 2007).
 +
 +
==Fictional character biography==
 +
During an encounter with the [[mysticism|mystic]] hero Doctor Strange, the [[cosmic entity]] [[Eternity (comics)|Eternity]] tells Strange: "I and my brother, Death,
 +
 +
comprise all of your reality, mystic! Neither he nor I are '''God''', for God rules ''all'' realities!"<ref>''Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts'' vol. 2,
 +
 +
#13 (April 1976), Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
When the pregnant Susan Storm feared for her husband's likely death at the hands of the "all-powerful" [[Silver Surfer]], [[Uatu the Watcher]] told her that there
 +
 +
was only one being that was truly "[[all-powerful]]", and that "''His'' only weapon...is love."<ref>''Fantastic Four'' #72 (1968)</ref><ref>
 +
 +
[http://www.adherents.com/lit/comics/Watcher.html Religious Affiliation of the Watcher], Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
Doctor Strange, after being bitten by the vampire [[Dracula (Marvel Comics)|Dracula]], apparently invokes this entity in desperation: "In the name of the
 +
 +
[[Tetragrammaton]], Jehovah! O Great Unmanifest, hear my plea!" which called upon holy power in the form of a [[crucifix]] strong enough to cure both himself and
 +
 +
[[Wong (comics)|Wong]] of vampirism and seemingly destroy Dracula himself,<ref>[http://img338.imageshack.us/img338/5971/crossdrac.jpg ''Doctor Strange: Volume 2''
 +
 +
#14]</ref> later calling upon this power once again to purge and slay the [[N'Garai]]-empowered Shadowqueen.<ref>''Doctor Strange: Volume 2'' #44</ref> Strange,
 +
 +
after surviving a fierce battle with the Asgardian trickster [[Loki (comics)|Loki]], sees [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] and states: "And yet, some omnipotent power
 +
 +
has so arranged the universe that good must always prevail! For every mighty villain, there is a mightier hero! For every menacing enemy of mankind, there is a
 +
 +
fighting Avenger!"<ref>''Strange Tales'' #123 (1964), Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
In ancient times, to punish the people of [[Gehenna]] for worshiping the savage [[Annunaki]] deity [[Ba'al]] through ritualistic human sacrifice, the ''Hand of
 +
 +
God'', empowered by "unbreakable steel and divine might", is sent to destroy Ba'al. In recent times the [[anti-hero]] [[Wolverine (comics)|Wolverine]], after
 +
 +
directly praying for aid, appears to be possessed by the Hand of God's spirit, and slays the restored Ba'al.<ref>''Wolverine: Volume 2'' #13-16</ref><ref>
 +
 +
[http://www.marvunapp.com/Appendix/baalhadad.htm Marvel Appendix: Ba'al and Hand of God]</ref>   
 +
 +
In the aftermath of the [[The Infinity Gauntlet|Infinity Gauntlet]] [[crossover]] series, during the trial of [[Adam Warlock]], the [[Living Tribunal]] states: "I
 +
 +
represent forces that dwarf even your might. My authority comes from on high."<ref>''Warlock and the Infinity Watch'' #1 (Feb. 1992), Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
The [[Cosmic Cube]] [[Kubik (comics)|Kubik]], on a tour displaying various higher powers to [[Kosmos]], states: "The most supreme power that can be comprehended,
 +
 +
the Living Tribunal exists in all multiverses simultaneously, always prepared to enact judgment. Logic would indicate that the Tribunal itself is but another
 +
 +
servant, but of what none dare imagine."<ref>''Fantastic Four Annual'' #23 (1990), Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
When [[Thor (Marvel Comics)|Thor]] once compared himself and Odin to various other gods, abstract entities, and cosmic beings in terms of power, he notes: "And 'tis
 +
 +
said that a being, called the Living Tribunal—the final judge—hath the power to enforce his will 'pon any cosmos he doth judge! And 'tis said his power is supreme
 +
 +
in all the Multiverse. Even I, son of one of the mightiest of all gods, find it impossible to conceive of such levels of power! And 'tis a humbling thought to
 +
 +
consider how much greater the Creator of all Universes must be than that of ''all'' of His creations combined!"<ref>
 +
 +
[http://img69.imageshack.us/img69/6179/xxxthor.jpg ''The Mighty Thor Annual'' #14 (1989), Marvel Comics]</ref>
 +
 +
When Jake Olsen pleaded for [[Odin (Marvel Comics)|Odin]] to not send him back into Mephisto's realm, Odin, after denying he himself was "God", instead allows
 +
 +
Olsen's soul to ascend to a higher plane, responding: "Nay, mortal. There is a power far greater than mine - and it is to ''Him'' I commend thy spirit now. Let
 +
 +
peace envelop thy being, mortal, for thou hast suffered enow."<ref>''Thor Annual 2000'', 2000, Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
The [[Eternal (comics)|Eternal]] [[Thanos]] realizes he has been subtly manipulated by an unseen supreme power, whom he refers to as "the Almighty", into
 +
 +
destroying, and then recreating the universe without a fundamental flaw, initially caused by the resurrection of [[Wonder Man]], that allowed characters to be
 +
 +
resurrected quite easily, and created an imbalance between life and death.<ref>''Marvel: The End'' #1 - 6 (May - Aug. 2003)</ref>
 +
 +
The entity apparently appears before the superhero team the [[Fantastic Four]] when they visit [[Heaven]] to retrieve the soul of [[Ben Grimm]], in the appearance
 +
 +
of the Fantastic Four's co-creator [[Jack Kirby]].<ref>''Fantastic Four'' #511 (May 2004)</ref>
 +
 +
After a final confrontation with the brutal demoness [[Asteroth]] left [[Beta Ray Bill]] at the brink of death, a glowing man in white robes appears before him and
 +
 +
heals him while assuring him that this would be a new beginning for his people and himself, subsequently claiming the souls of the decimated Korbinites and sending
 +
 +
his own spirit into the body of a human.<ref>''Stormbreaker: The Saga of Beta Ray Bill'' #6, Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
When [[Peter Parker]]'s (the [[alter ego]] of [[Spider-Man]]) [[Aunt May]] lies close to [[death]], a seemingly all-knowing homeless man appears before Parker, and
 +
 +
when Parker asks the entity about its identity, it states that he already knows the answer, and manifests in the resplendent form depicted above.<ref>''The
 +
 +
Sensational Spider-Man'' vol. 2, #40 (Oct. 2007)</ref> Unfortunately, even this encounter with "God" was not enough to truly sway Peter from his inner anguish, and
 +
 +
out of pure desperation, he and Mary Jane give up their marriage to the demon [[Mephisto (comics)|Mephisto]] (who claims that their marriage was made holy in "the
 +
 +
eyes of ''He'' who I hate most" and that thus erasing it would be a triumph beyond all others for him).<ref>"[[One More Day]]" — ''[[Amazing Spider-Man]]'' #544;
 +
 +
''[[Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man]]'' #24; ''[[The Sensational Spider-Man]]'' #41 and ''Amazing Spider-Man'' #545 (Oct. 2007 - Jan. 2008), Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
The gods of Zenn-La refer to a ''First Mover'' who ignited the fire cosmic and by its light brought "orbit, organization, and order" to the universe from a
 +
 +
beginning of primal chaos, and who extrapolated the End Times being heralded by the ''[[Amatsu-Mikaboshi (comics)|Nil Star]]''.<ref>''Chaos War: Chaos King''
 +
 +
#1</ref> As the alien deity Glory threatened to absorb and destroy Thor during the events of ''[[Chaos War (comics)|Chaos War]]'', [[Donald Blake]] and Becca
 +
 +
Steinhardt were able to, through a united prayer, call out to the power of the "creator of ''all'' men and gods" that resided within "each and every one" of
 +
 +
humanity, power sufficient to destroy Glory himself from within.<ref>''Chaos War: Thor'' #2, Marvel Comics</ref>
 +
 +
==References==
 +
{{Reflist}}
 +
 +
==External links==
 +
* {{Marvelwiki|One_Above_All|One Above All (disambiguation)}}
 +
 +
{{Marvel Cosmic}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of God]]
 +
[[Category:Marvel Comics cosmic entities]]
 +
[[Category:Judeo-Christian mythology in comics]]
 +
 +
[[fr:Dieu (Marvel Comics)]]
 +
[[it:Supremo (fumetto)]]
 +
[[pt:One-Above-All]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
= Template:Document Template:Anchor/doc & possibly others=
 +
 +
=Abu Bakr al Jaziri=
 +
According to the United States Treasury Abu Bakr al Jaziri is the a member of the senior management for the [[Afghan Support Committee]] and the [[Wikipedia:Revival
 +
 +
of Islamic Heritage Society]], two organizations designated as terrorist under Executive Order 13224.<ref>[http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/po909.htm The
 +
 +
Continuing War on Terrorist Assets] Paul O'Neill (January 9, 2002).  United States Treasury. Retrieved 2008-03-08. "While portraying themselves as legitimate
 +
 +
charitable enterprises, the ASC and RIHS have financed and facilitated terrorism. ASC and RIHS personnel, including Al-Jaziri and Al-Libi, defrauded well-meaning
 +
 +
contributors by diverting money donated for widows and orphans to al-Qaida terrorists."</ref>
 +
 +
== Citations ==
 +
{{reflist|2}}
 +
[[Category:Libyan people]][[Category:Living people]][[Category:Libyan people stubs]][[Category:Outlawed organizations]]
 +
  
  

Revision as of 01:43, 10 February 2011

All nominators should read and apply WP:BEFORE before nominating. It is WP policy that they should also use an WP:RFC for gathering a consensus on an article, but you certainly are not the first to do otherwise. WP:DEL lacks a list of counter-indications, but I would like to see "Do not nominate an article in order to gather consensus; use RFC instead" on DEL. Unfortunately, RFCs are to public transportation as AfDs are to cars; if everyone used RFCs, they would be faster and more efficient at gathering consensus than AfDs.


Moravané

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Moravan%C3%A9 Template:Infobox political party

Moravané ("Moravians") is a small non-parliamentary political party in Moravia in the Czech Republic.

History

It arose in 2005 by the coalescence of older two regional parties: Hnutí samosprávné Moravy a Slezska – Moravské národní sjednocení ("The Movement of Autonomous

Moravia and Silesia – Moravian National Union") and Moravská demokratická strana ("Moravian Democratic Party"). The first chairman of the

party was engineer Pavel Dohnal, before 1989 a member of Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. The party took part in nationwide parliamentary election (none

Moravian regional assembly exists) first time in June 2006 and won 0.23 % of popular votes in the whole Czech Republic. The party is member of the [[European Free

Alliance]]; there are also (from 2002) youth wing of the party named Mladí Moravané ("Young Moravians") – its member David Vejchoda was elected as the member of

the bureau of EFA Youth at the last assembly (held on the March 26, 2010 in Venice, Italy). Since March 2009 the party has

new leader: entrepreneur Jiří Novotný.

Ideology

The main goal of the party is defined (by the statute) as follows: On the principle of the right of self-determination of the Moravian nation the party Moravané

aims at the independence of Moravia by restoration of Moravian legislative parliament within the territorial scope of the Moravian ecclesiastical

province.[1][2] The party is strongly decentralist and anti-Czech (Bohemian)

oriented; "Prague" (both the city and government) is blamed for "oppression of Moravian culture, traditions and language" and

for "pauperizing of Moravia".[3]

According to the party, the future of the Europe lies in dismantling present European national states and establishing old historical regions as the autonomous

units.

Activities

At present time the party is developing the numerous open air actions, meetings and be-ins, e.g. "candle marches" (founded at 2005) in Brno and Olomouc,

"pilgrimages to the Morava river spring", demonstrations against "Czechization" etc.

During last "candle march" (February 27, 2010) about 40 party members decorated with numerous Moravian flags had gone through the historical part of Brno to the

ancient House of Moravian Diet and the Moravian Square. At the first stop of the parade at the historical House of Moravian Diet party leader –

among others – said: "This house as well as all other property of the Margraviate of Moravia was stolen by Czechoslovakia and is still occupied by the

office of the foreign nation (i.e. Czechs) as Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic. It is a dispossession!" (The march evoked negative reactions of onlookers

and finally was stopped by the police.)[4]

On July 25, 2010 the party stalwarts participated in a manifestation in Moravský Krumlov to secure collection of paintings of Alfons Mucha named The Slav

Epic against returning them to Prague.

Notes

  1. ↑ Administrative division of present Czechia doesn't respect the traditional border of Moravia (& Bohemia or Czech Silesia) so only the Roman Catholic Church preserves it in its provinces
  2. ↑ http://www.moravane.cz/program.php
  3. ↑ Some examples of such statements can be seen in the party's election spots: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JD0IYC86MH0 Vote No. 16] (elections 2009) or The Moravian Truth and Czech/Bohemian Lie (both in Czech)
  4. ↑ Å enkýř, MiloÅ¡ (February 27, 2010). [http://www.lidovky.cz/moravane-ke-sve-snemovne-nesmeli-prohlasili-ji-za-ukradenou-pli-/ln_domov.asp? c=A100227_175211_ln_domov_ter "Moravané ke "své" snÄ›movnÄ› nesmÄ›li. Prohlásili ji za ukradenou [Moravians were not allowed to "their" Diet House. They declared it to be stolen]"] (in Czech). Lidové noviny (Prague). http://www.lidovky.cz/moravane-ke-sve-snemovne-nesmeli-prohlasili-ji-za-ukradenou-pli-/ln_domov.asp? c=A100227_175211_ln_domov_ter. Retrieved October 21, 2010. </li> </ol>

External links

(Radio Prague)

Template:Members of the European Free Alliance



Executions in Iran, 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Executions_in_Iran,_2011 Executions in Iran in 2011 details the executions carried out in Iran by the ruling the government, the [[History of the Islamic Republic of

Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran]], in the 2011 calendar year.

According to AFP, Iran has executed 67 people as of February 1, 2011. At the current rate of around two executions a day, Iran is set to far exceed the 179

reportedly executed in 2010.[1]

Overview

By January 16, 2011, the Iranian government had reportedly executed 47 people since the New Year; an average of about three people a day. The [[International

Campaign for Human Rights in Iran]] decried the hangings as "an execution binge orchestrated by the intelligence and security agencies."[2]

By the end of the month, the United Nations reported that Iran had executed at least 66 people, including three known to be political dissidents. According to

the UN, executions are running at triple the rate of the previous year when about 18 to 25 people were executed a month. The UN estimates about 300 executions

occurred in Iran in 2010. Navi Pillay, the High Commissioner for Human Rights, stated, "We have urged Iran, time and time again, to halt executions... I am

very dismayed that instead of heeding our calls, the Iranian authorities appear to have stepped up the use of the death penalty... I call upon Iran to establish a

moratorium on executions with a view to abolishing the death penalty."[3]

Iranian opposition leaders Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karrubi,[4] as well as

commentators[5][6][7] assert that the Iranian regime has stepped up executions in a bid to intimidate and silence the Iranian opposition from taking to the streets

like in the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests.

Notable executions

  • January 24, 2011: Iran executed political prisoners Jafar Kazemi and Mohammad Ali Hajaghaei for allegedly taking photos and footage of the [[2009–2010 Iranian

election protests|Iranian election protests]] as well as chanting slogans promoting the People's Mujahideen of Iran (PMOI), a banned opposition group.[8]

Iranian authorities initially arrested her for her participation in the December 2009 Ashura protests. In protest of her execution, the Dutch foreign ministry

decided to freeze all contacts with Iran.[9]

References

  1. ↑ Hiedeh Farmani (1 February 2011). "Iran lashes out at West over executions". AFP. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jy565vkZVhPpC0MSTS4cwiQ36maQ?docId=CNG.30ff0b57ab72bd5eaa39bfcd8d0f2119.201. Retrieved 4 February 2011. </li>
  2. ↑ {{cite news |title=Rights group decries 'execution binge' in Iran |author= |url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jvb7Mpvaq5h3dYHWQ2vteK2nTP0w? docId=5a0bc138a8b442b68be90d2e24163cbb |agency=AP |date=16 January 2011 |accessdate=4 February 2011}}
  3. ↑ Robert Evans (2 February 2011). "Iran executions three times last year's rate: U.N.". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/02/us-iran-executions-idUSTRE71161O20110202. Retrieved 1 February 2011. </li>
  4. ↑ Meris Lutz (2 February 2010). [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/iranian-opposition-leaders-mir-hossein-mousavi-and-karroubi-protested-what- they-describe-as-the-rising-number-of-rubber-stamp.html "Opposition leaders slam 'rubber-stamp' death sentences"]. Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/02/iranian-opposition-leaders-mir-hossein-mousavi-and-karroubi-protested-what- they-describe-as-the-rising-number-of-rubber-stamp.html. Retrieved 4 February 2011. </li>
  5. ↑ Barbara Slavin (31 January 2011). "Iran Cracks Down While Egypt Cracks Up". Foreign Policy. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/31/iran_cracks_down_while_egypt_cracks_up. Retrieved 4 February 2011. </li>
  6. ↑ Irwin Cotler (31 January 2011). "Execution-happy Iran adds to its rapidly growing butcher’s bill". National Post. http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/01/31/irwin-cotler-execution-happy-iran-adds-to-its-rapidly-growing-butchers-bill/. Retrieved 1 February 2011. </li>
  7. ↑ Sayeh Hassan (2 February 2011). "Frightened Iran steps up its murders". National Post. http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2011/02/02/sayeh-hassan-frightened-iran-steps-up-its-murders/. Retrieved 4 February 2011. </li>
  8. ↑ "Iranian opposition activists hanged for protest footage". BBC News. 24 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12272067. Retrieved 8 February 2011. </li>
  9. ↑ [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle- east-12317138 "Dutch freeze contacts with Iran over hanging"]. BBC News. 29 January 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle- east-12317138. Retrieved 29 January 2011. </li> </ol>





Nomadic Wax

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Nomadic_Wax

Nomadic Wax is a fair-trade international music, film, and events production company with a social and global focus. It specializes in hip-hop and

underground music.[1]. Nomadic Wax works with a network of artists and

musicians worldwide who use art as a medium for activism, social change, and community development. American Ben Herson founded Nomadic Wax in 1999, while living in Brooklyn, New York. Herson graduated with a B.A. in African Studies and Anthropology from

Hampshire College in 2000 and did post baccalaureate studies in Wolof (a West African language) at Columbia University.[2]

Nomadic Wax has since expanded, with an additional office in Washington DC run by Creative Director, Magee

McIlvaine.[3]

Background

During the summer of 1999, Nomadic Wax founder Ben Herson discovered a local independent hip-hop scene in Senegal and became fascinated by the music which

contained politically and socially conscious lyrical content .[4] His attempts at persuading existing labels to publish the music met

with difficulties.[5] In 2001,

Herson returned to Senegal with collaborator Dan Cantor of Notable Productions. The two used a Dakar community center to record what would eventually become

Nomadic Wax’s first release, “African Underground Vol. 1,” a compilation featuring fourteen Senegalese rappers. "African Underground Vol. 1" was noted for being the

first African Hip-Hop compilation recorded in Africa for release in North America. Focusing on Africa and the African Diaspora, Nomadic Wax has expanded its

projects into the Middle East, South America, Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean.

Film and Television

Nomadic Wax began started working with film in 2007, with the film “African Underground: Democracy in Dakar" [6] co-

produced with non prodit film company Sol Productions. The film is a feature-length documentary that explores the role of youth hip-hop activism in the 2007

Senegalese elections. On December 11, 2008, “Democracy in Dakar” was screened on LinkTV[7]. In 2009,

it was screened on WHUT in Washington DC. Since then, “Democracy in Dakar” has been shown at dozens of film festivals and universities

internationally.[8]

Nomadic Wax is working on more film projects in production. The first is called “African Underground: Democracy in Paris” [9].

The film focuses on African and Arab immigrant youth in France during the controversial 2007 election.

“Democracy in Haiti” [10] is Nomadic Wax’s third documentary project. It will follow a variety of young people to examine why

Haiti’s youth have become so separated from mainstream Haitian society and the democratic system.

“Bronx to Bamako” will chronicle the journey of two African-American emcees traveling to Africa for the first time and two African emcees traveling to America.

Music and Events

Nomadic Wax works with partner company Notable Productions to produce audio projects. Selections from Nomadic Wax’s music catalogue have been played on TV, film

and new media internationally. The company has also has supplied music and media to Nike, Starbucks, Universal Music Group, and ESPN. Twice monthly, Nomadic Wax

curates the radio show Mo’ Glo for KEXP (Seattle)[11] and WNYE (New York City), featuring the latest in global underground

sounds. Nomadic Wax Artistic Director Federico Erik Rosa (DJ Nio) of Genoa Italy is the musical selector for the Mo Glo radio program.

Nomadic Wax Music productions include: AFRICAN UNDERGROUND: DEPTHS OF DAKAR: Depths of Dakar is the follow-up to the critically acclaimed and highly successful transatlantic hip-hop experiment that is

“African Underground, Volume 1, Hip-Hop Senegal.”“You must take a look at this highly motivated, politically concious project.” - BBC

AFRICAN UNDERGROUND: HIP-HOP SENEGALThe first release of Nomadic Wax is also the world’s first African hip-hop compilation produced for international release.

Featuring Abass, BMG 44, Omzo, Slam Revolution and more.“Senegalese rhymers pull no punches about poverty, war, corruption and injustice – and are invading the

charts to boot.” - CMJ

CHOSAN: THE BEAUTIFUL SIDE OF MISERY: Chosan is everyone’s favorite UK/Sierra Leonian/Brooklyn/Bronx MC and has performed around the globe, most recently with Kanye

West in his video “Diamonds of Sierre Leone”.

NOMADIC MIX TAPE VOL. 1: The Nomadic Mix Tape series is an ongoing multi volume collection featuring the illest MCs from around the globe.This quintessential

release features 14 cuts from artists performing at the International Hip-Hop Festival at Trinity College.

LAMINE TOURE AND GROUP SALOUMGroup Saloum performs original mbalax music highlighted by the infectious rhythms of Touré’s sabar drums, and draws upon the collective

creativity of some of Boston’s most talented musician

Nomadic Wax has produced concerts, festivals, panel discussions, and workshops at nightclubs, museums, parks, high schools, universities, nonprofit organizations,

and think-tanks across the United States and abroad. Hosted by high schools, universities, think tanks, non-profits, museums, festivals, and clubs, these events

blend education and entertainment, and unites the talents of artists, activists, entrepreneurs and educators alike.

• Panel discussions and workshops: the Nomadic Wax team and network has first-hand experience and knowledge in topics such as regional politics, youth empowerment and education, global artistic movements, grassroots activism and entrepreneurship. They have been invited to speak on topics such as Hip Hop Evolution: Historical,

Social, and Global Impacts of the Culture, and Hip Hop’s Role in Society and Politics in Africa. They have conducted workshops for youth and adults on DJ-ing, breakdancing, freestyling, and spoken word.

• Festivals – Nomadic Wax has helped found, coordinate, and book performers for several festivals around the country. o Co-founder of the Trinity International Hip-Hop Festival (THHHF) – an annual global urban music and media conference hosted at Trinity College featuring three days of music, ?lm and academic events. Since its inception in 2005, Nomadic Wax has has co-produced, co-managed and branded the festival annually.

(www.trinityhiphop.org). o Tufts International Hip Hop for Social Change Festival: Nomadic Wax has helped arrange the performers, panelists, and films that make up the annual full-day, student-run festival for the three years it has been held.

• Conferences- Nomadic Wax has produced interactive panels and presentations bringing speakers and performers to SXSW – the world’s largest music, ?lm and new media conference. Nomadic Wax has also organized and produced panels, ?lm screenings and multi media presentations for two of the United States’ most highly regarded academic conferences in African Studies and Ethnomusicology research (ASA and SEM).

• Tours – Nomadic Wax has established itself as one of the most innovative and effective College and University booking agencies for global urban artists in North

America. Nomadic Wax’s music, film, lectures and events have visited academic institutions (including NYU, Tufts, Columbia, UCLA and Harvard – among others), museums (Smithsonian Museum of African Art, MOCADA – NYC) and with arts presenters worldwide (Music Docs – Sweden, Human Rights Film Festival – France), and more. o Examples: Comrade Fatso and Outspoken & the Essence’s ‘Spread the Word’ Tour (Spring 2009)

• Cultural Exchanges: Nomadic Wax has organized cultural exchange tours where artists from other countries are brought together with artists from communities in the

United States to share their arts, experiences, and culture, and collaborate on joint projects. These exchanges consist of private events between the participating

artists, as well as public expositions of their art. o Example: ‘Cape Town to DC’ Artist Exchange, July 2010.

Notes

  1. ↑ http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/travel/06senegalmusic.html?pagewanted=4&emc=eta1
  2. ↑ http://benherson.com/
  3. ↑ http://www.thenation.com/article/democracy-mic-and-camera
  4. ↑ http://benherson.com/
  5. ↑ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (12 September 2009). [http://books.google.com/books? id=YKnLjROjFoMC&pg=PT12 Billboard], Nielsen Business Media, Inc.. Template:ISSN. URL accessed 6 February 2011.
  6. ↑ http://nomadicwax.com/democracyindakar/
  7. ↑ http://www.linktv.org/programs/democracy_in_dakar
  8. ↑ http://sol-productions.info/Democracy_in_Dakar.html
  9. ↑ http://democracyinparis.com/
  10. ↑ http://democracyinhaiti.com/
  11. ↑ http://blog.kexp.org/blog/moglo/

Template:Uncategorized



Magibon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Magibon_(5th_nomination) cat:afd more than 3 times

Template:Infobox person

Magibon (born August 9, 1986) is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-

sharing website YouTube.[1][2][3][4] Magibon is also a member of the YouTube Partner Program.[5]

Biography

Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but now lives in Pennsylvania.[6] Before becoming a YouTube celebrity,[1][4] she learned to speak

some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, Anime and by listening to Japanese music, however she is not a fluent Japanese speaker.[4][6]


YouTube videos

As of the end of 2010, Margaret Lillian Adams had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of

video blogs lasting under one minute,[3] with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos,

Margaret Lillian Adams speaks or sings in Japanese.[7] When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied "I don't use scripts.

There's no grand plan."[1]

The magi part of Magibon is a nickname of hers, Margaret is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago, Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, So, -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago

In her Youtube videos, Margaret plays the role of a quiet, calm girl known as "Magibon" She introduces herself by saying "Minasan, Konnichiwa, Magibon desu." (Hello

Everyone, I'm Magibon) after saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video where she says "Bye bye".

Due to Margaret not speaking Japanese well, this is mainly the only thing she has ever said in her videos.

Public reception

Viewers often comment on her silent staring but indicate that the videos are compelling. For example, "these videos are so random, but for some reason, I can’t

stop watching them."[8] Margaret Lillian Adams's blogs and [[Human physical

appearance|physical appearance]] are often subjected to criticism or rude remarks by non Japanese-speaking viewers.[1][9][10][11]

Japanese media coverage

In Japan, Margaret Lillian Adams has been labeled as "the next Leah Dizon".[12][13] In addition to appearing on a

TBS Radio show in Japan,[14] Margaret Lillian Adams has been featured in the Japanese Weekly Playboy magazine, appearing in the February 25,

2008,[15] April

14, 2008,[16] 12/19 May 2008[17] and November 10, 2008[18] issues.

In April 2008, Margaret Lillian Adams was invited to be interviewed by the Japanese Internet TV company GyaO and flown to Japan to make her debut appearance on

internet TV program Midtown TV in which she met her idol, Mari Yaguchi of Hello! Project.[4][7] A fan event was scheduled for April 12, 2008 by USEN (the owner of GyaO), but this was canceled due to

security concerns following the receipt of a number of threatening emails.[14]

In October 2008, Margaret Lillian Adams was invited to the 21st Tokyo International Film Festival, and appeared at the world premiere of the film Blue

Symphony in Roppongi on October 22, 2008.[12] Magibon featured as a voice actor in the film.[13][19]

Margaret Lillian Adams returned to Japan in November 2008, appearing at the "YouTube Live Tokyo" event at Studio Coast in Tokyo on November 23 alongside

other YouTube personalities and musicians such as BoA and Kreva.[20][21]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 The Japan Times: [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20081218r1.html "Introducing Magibon, Japan's YouTube darling" (December 18, 2008)], by Mark Schilling. Retrieved on December 19, 2008.
  2. ↑ [http://www.g4tv.com/attackoftheshow/whoswhoonyoutube/61044/Whos-Who-On -YouTube-Magibon.html Who's Who On YouTube? - G4TV]
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Farivar, Cyrus Unclear if latest YouTube craze has deep sociological meaning. Machinist. Salon.com. URL accessed on 2010-02-04.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 www.gyao.jpTemplate:dead link Template:ja icon
  5. ↑ YouTube Partner Program
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Weekly Playboy April 14, 2008 issue: "???????????????" (Exclusive in-depth interview with Margaret Lillian Adams)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 [http://www.rbbtoday.com/news/20080409/50217.html "??YouTube???“????”???????!" (Mysterious YouTube girl "Magibon" finally makes a live appearance!) (April 9, 2008)]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Template:ja icon
  8. ↑ Marty Sliva, {{{first}}} (Mar 03, 2008). Another Internet mystery - Why Margaret Lillian Adams may be the future of entertainment, . The UWM Post.
  9. ↑ {{cite web|url=http://gawker.com/380285/the-silent-staring-japanese-girl-is-ugly-not-japanese%7Ctitle=The Silent Staring Japanese Girl Is Ugly, Not Japanese |accessdate=February 9, 2009 |publisher=Gawker.com |quote=Then a clip of her on a Japanese talk show, where she needed an English translator. Without the flattering bird's eye angle of her webcam, her face is long and plain; her teeth are terribly crooked.}}
  10. ↑ Wortham, Jenna. "Subversion, not Sexism, in Internet Culture". Wired.com (Condé Nast Publishing). http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2008/04/post.html. Retrieved February 9, 2009. "Marwick used the example of Margaret Lillian Adams, a YouTube phenomenon whose videos of herself staring intently into a webcam elicit millions of views, to talk about the way contemporary celebrity culture permeates internet culture. Margaret Lillian Adamsoccasionally spoke in Japanese, leading many of her viewers to think she was from Japan. But a disastrous television appearance led to outing Margaret Lillian Adamsas a rural teen from Pennsylvania. "This faux Japanese doll came off as awkward teenaged, American girl," said Marwick." </li>
  11. ↑ Douglas, Nick. [http://gawker.com/346624/being-a-camgirl-now-takes-40-seconds- of-staring-at-the-camera "Being A Camgirl Now Takes 40 Seconds Of Staring At The Camera"]. Gawker.com (Gawker Media). http://gawker.com/346624/being-a-camgirl-now-takes-40-seconds- of-staring-at-the-camera. Retrieved February 9, 2009. "It's not a Japanese fan club; the comments on her silent and conversational videos are all in English, and most revolve around the theme of "I wanna bang her." But YouTube's ad program doesn't care, and Margaret Lillian Adams(who further exploits her cuteness at her Yahoo blog) has enough viewers to theoretically make a living as a YouTube partner as history's laziest camgirl." </li>
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Hochi Shimbun: [http://hochi.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/20081023-OHT1T00047.htm “?2??? ·????”????????????? (Margaret Lillian Adams, the next Leah Dizon, "concerned about global warming") (October 23, 2008)]Template:dead link. Retrieved on October 28, 2008 Template:ja icon
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Mainichi Shimbun: [http://mainichi.jp/enta/geinou/news/20081023spn00m200003000c.html "????:“??2?”??????????" (Magibon - the next American import - is a fan of Leah) (October 23, 2008)]Template:dead link. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Template:ja icon
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 J-Cast News: [http://www.j-cast.com/2008/04/14018990.html "????????????? ??????????????" (Enigmatic girl Margaret Lillian Adams visits Japan and shows her true face - non-committal on show-biz start) (April 14, 2008)]. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Template:ja icon
  15. ↑ Weekly Playboy February 25, 2008 issue contents. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Template:ja icon
  16. ↑ Weekly Playboy April 14, 2008 issue contents. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. Template:ja icon
  17. ↑ Weekly Playboy 12/19 May 2008 issue contents. Retrieved on October 28, 2008. {{ja icon}}
  18. ↑ Weekly Playboy November 10, 2008 issue contents. Retrieved on December 4, 2008. Template:ja icon
  19. ↑ [http://www.tiff-jp.net/en/lineup/works.php?id=186 21st Tokyo International Film Festival: Blue Symphony]
  20. ↑ J-Cast News: [http://www.j- cast.com/mono/2008/10/27029226.html "?YouTube??????????? 2000???" (2,000 invited to live event staged by YouTube) (October 27, 2008)]. Retrieved on October 29, 2008. Template:ja icon
  21. ↑ Mainichi Shimbun: [http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20081123-00000036-maiall-sci "<??????>??????? ??1???????·?????????????" (November 23, 2008)]Template:dead link. Retrieved on December 5, 2008. Template:ja icon

    22. </ol>

External links


Urmila Devi Dasi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Urmila_Devi_Dasi_(3rd_nomination)

Hridaya Caitanya Dasa

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Hridaya_Caitanya_Dasa

Kadamba Kanana Swami

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Kadamba_Kanana_Swami

Yadunandana_Swami

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Yadunandana_Swami=

Tachikawa-ryu

Tachikawa-ryu Fascinating story. The WP only touches on it. For all the world it is the religion in Vagrant Story, sexual and enlightening, being stamped out by prudish

Buddhists, of all people. Just amazing. The Buddhist seachange is a religious counterpart to the Republican slave freers becoming Georgian integration opponents,

backwards.

Tachikawa-ryu is a Japanese school of esoteric Buddhism (mikkyo) of Shingonshu founded in 1114 by the monk Nin-kan (1057-1123ADE); in an attempt to

create a Japanese tradition corresponding to Indian Tantra (Skt., vamacara)

History

Tachikawa-ryu is a branch of Shingon mikkyo founded by the monk Ninkan. As such it is a school of esoteric Buddhism founded on the principal of using magic

to control supernatural and cosmic forces and through these magical Rites and Rituals attain enlightenment. Tachikawa-ryu is no different in its approach other than

it chooses to focus on perhaps the oldest form of magic - sex magic.

The school formed in the early 12th century by combining onmyodo (Taoist yin-yang magic) with Shingon ritual magical practices. It is so named because it

was in the town of Tachikawa in the Izu province of Japan. Ninkan is said to have transmitted the esoteric teachings of Shingon to a Taoist onmyoji (yin-yang

master) master, who then combined the two methods into a single school. Because of its use of ritual sex magic and accusations of involvement in so called “black”

magic, the school was frowned upon by the Shingon leaders, and its priests were frequently sent into exile. The monk Yzukai (1345–1416ADE) is generally credited

with taking the lead on extirpating the Tachikawa-ryu school from Shingon

The founder: Nin-kan

Sacred Texts (tantras)

The primary literature for all schools of Shingonshu are the Mahavairocana Tantra (Jap. Dainichi-kyo ???), the Vajrasekhara Sutra (Kongocho-kyo ????), the

Adhyardhasatika Prajñaparamita Sutra (Rishu-kyo ???), and the Susiddhikara Sutra (Soshitsuji-kyo ????). These are the four principle texts of Esoteric Buddhism.

They are all Tantras (Literally “treatise”, “exposition”. Understood to mean, “What has proceeded, and come down”) (Evola, 1968) and not Sutras despite

their names. Tachikawa-ryu also studied the Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in this very

Body, or simply the Sutra of Great Bliss for short. It is a short sutra, and forms the basis of Tachikawa-ryu practices.

The sutra is:

Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in this very Body

Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman is the supreme buddha activity. Sex is the source of intense pleasure, the root of creation, necessary for every

living being, and a natural act of reveneration. To be united as a man and woman is to united with Buddha (capital "B" referring to the Historical Buddha,

Prince Siddhattha Gotama).

The sound A represents the Womb Realm (Garbhakosa-dhatu; Taizo-kai/???), Mother (Yin/in), great compassion, and the red lotus. The sound UN [hu?]

represents the Diamond (vajra) Realm (Vajradhatu); Kongo-kai/???), father (yang/yo), wisdom, and the white stupa. A/Un (the alpha and omega)

represents is female/male (non-duality, paradox), yin/yang, ocean/mountain, mercy/charity, emptiness/form. The red seed from the female and the white seed from

the male bring human beings into existence. The unity and integration of A/Un creates and sustains the universe. This is the truth, not falsehood.

Prior to performing these rites, the man and woman take these vows:

1) We trust in the teachings of the Tachikawa-ryu.

2) We vow to cooperate and come together in mutual accord in the body and mind at all times.

3) We vow to perform these rites carefully under stric supervision by a master of Tachikawa-ryu.

4) We vow to try not to argue or fight.

5) We vow to try and avoid competing, making unconstructive criticisms, or blame each other.

6) We vow to try not to over indulge in food or drink.

The buddha couple should bathe together in a curative hot spring without physical contact. The couple must be in perfect accord in body, mind, and speech. The

couple must be in bright, positive mood, free of gloom, despair, or unhappiness. The man is venerated as Fudo myo-O (Acala); the woman is venerated and embodies

Aizen myo-O/???? (Ragaraja). The holy couple faces each other and they make the three prostrations (sanrai). Reciting,

Male: "I aspire to enter the Womb realm."

Female: "I aspire to receive the diamond (vajra) realm."

The room must be spotless and absolutely clean, well secluded, with a small altar. The secret buddha image is kept veiled, not to be uncovered until after the

rites are preformed. Kuden (secret oral teaching), the instructions regarding the buddha image are only to transmitted orally and never written down. Fresh flowers

are placed on the altar, together with appropriate seasonal offerings from the mountains and the sea. Kindle fragrant incense. Light the room with five candles.

(The candles are the five colors of the elements and are placed in the appropriate direction: fire-red, south; water-black, north; wood-green/blue, east; earth-

yellow, south; void-white, west)

The buddha image is one's own body. Therefore, the man and woman shed their robes in the corner (southwest) and face each other completely naked and adorned. The

Rites are to begin at midnight. The man crosses his legs in the full lotus position and the woman sits on the top of the man and lets his jeweled jade enter her

mysterious lotus. (This posture reacts the position of many esoteric deities and their consorts, in particular that of Shiva and Shakti). During the sexual

congress of the two roots of existence (A/Un), the breath should be harmonized in an A (inhale) and Un (exhale) rhythm. The man should keep his jeweled jade pressed

against the woman's womb as they meditate together, blending the male/female components of the five elements (godai): earth, water, fire, wood, and air/void. If

done properly, this blending of the elements will form a five-colored rainbow: yellow, blue, red, green, and white. The mother/father buddha posture is best, but

other postures and mantra are allowed. (goku-I kuden ari: secret oral instructions and essential teachings are given but unknown at this time)

However, at the break of dawn when the rooster crows, the buddha couple should be in the mother/father posture. At that time, the buddha couple should come to a

mutual instant of universal bliss; that is the moment of universal truth, a state of pure ecstasy, an unobstructed integration of emptiness and form. This is the

realm of Dianichi Nyorai (Vairocana), the Cosmic Buddha where myriad elements exist in perfect equilibrium.

Gone, gone, gone beyond, gone utterly beyond! All hail the Surta Proclaiming the Secret Method Enabling a Man and Woman to Experience the Bliss of Buddhahood in

this very Body!"

(From John Stevens, Tantra of the Tachikawa-ryu)

Notes on the Sutra of Great Bliss:

  • A 'a' is said to be present in each consonant, and to be the mother of all of the letters. If you open your mouth and breath out the sound is 'a'. In Sanskrit if

you add 'a' as a prefix it makes a word have the opposite meaning: vidya is knowledge; avidya is ignorance. So 'a' came to represent the essence of the

Prajñaparamita, or Perfection of Wisdom, tradition. This idea was explicitly expressed in the Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom in One Letter, that letter being

'a'. In Buddhism phenomena are said to neither absolutely exist, nor non-exist - they arise in dependence on conditions, and cease when those conditions cease. This

is similar to a Hindu aphorism about reality which says: not this, not this. Conceptual categories such as existence and non-existence are not able to encompass the

true nature of phenomena.

  • Un - The various aspects take in all Truths, all teachings, all practices, and all attainments. It summarises the two basic false views of nihilism and

eternalism, and shows them to be false. The Truth of things is that they are neither real nor unreal, these categories do not apply – this is a restatement of

the Buddha’s fundamental insight into the nature of phenomena. See also Kukai's (Kobo Diashi) Ungi gi (meaning of the syllable hu?).

  • The role of the man and Fudo myo-O, and the woman as Aizen myo-O is esotericaly symbolic of the man and woman in unbreakable union and irrevocably stained with

love/passion. Fudo myo-o is the general of the Five Wisdom Kings, his name means "Imovable one". Aizen myo-O is also a Wisdom King, his name means, "One who is

stained red with love/passion".

  • The translation "gone, gone, gone completly beyond" is similar but different to the word "excelsior"

This sums up the central tenet of all Tachikawa-ryu teachings: Buddhahood (infinite compassion, wisdom and liberation) can be obtained through controlled, ritual

sexuality between motivated and experienced partners. The Tachikawa adepts are convinced that the loss of self, of ego, which occurs during sexual play can lead

toward enlightenment (unbaised understanding)- and that the moment of orgasm (called the Lion's Roar) is a moment of revelation.

Modern times

For all practical purposes Tachikawa-ryu is extinct. It was outlawed in the 13th century by the Japanese authorities, and almost all its writings were either

burned, or sealed away at Koya-san and related monasteries. However, there have been claims that the school continued covertly until at least 1689 - and

according to John Stevens (Lust for Enlightenment) it is still active today; in disguise.

Discussion

Many terms used in esoteric Buddhism are just that, esoteric. They are that way for many reason. Perhaps the most important is to keep secret the real meaning of

the writtings. However, as esoteric as some terms may be, it is impossible to disguise the meaning and intent of the writtings. Another is the social climate of the

time. All though such terms are quite intriguing, many reader of Tibetan texts has most certainly come across similar ones. For example, jeweled Jade, mysterious

lotus, great bliss, lion's roar, or the concept that sexual activity can lead to revelation. However, it is important to note that there is no direct, historical

link between Tibetan Vajrayana and Japanese Shingon/Tachikawa teachings. What they do have in common is are from the same source, Buddhism and Tantra ... and

therefore it should not be supprising that they both arrived at similar conclusions:

  • Great Bliss In India and Tibet, the term occurs in the name of female initiates, in the practice known as The Path of Skillful Means, in the Six Tantric Yogas of

Sister Niguma and elsewhere.

  • Lion's Roar The original story behind this term is found in an Indian sutra. When the Buddha emerged from the royal yoni of his mother, he stood up, pointed the

finger of one hand to the sky (male), the finger of the other hand to the earth (female), and then roared like a lion to announce he had arrived in this world. In

Tibetan circles, Lion's Roar has become an expression for two different things:

a) the challenge posed to one's self by embracing and practicing Buddhist teachings b) a form of martial arts

  • Revelation There is a (living) Tibetan tradition in which certain male adepts (tertons) receive revelations (terma) with the aid of female guides/partners during

sexual activity. This is related to dakini worship.

  • Most of the sacred texts of the Tachikawa were either destroyed, or are, like the Sutra of Sacred Bliss, hidden away in monasteries, “securely sealed and marked

with the century-old notice "ake-bekarazu”; [van Gulik, 1974; p. 359], a note that reads in plain English as "Do Not Open!".

However, a few Japanese and other researchers have meanwhile unearthed and published various material about the Tachikawa-ryu, especially in the last 20 years, for

us to get an idea of their sexual symbolism and practices.

This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes, and in a

crazy turnaround, an entire subcategory, the main category of which has been hacked to pieces at AfD: cat:Martial arts moves

SPA Paranoia: SPA is indistinguishable from the majority of WP editors who make one edit to an article and never edit again This article was created by an SPA and

is about a non-notable martial art.[1]


Yutaka Hara

take the links, edit them into List of mangaka

Template:nihongo is a Japanese mangaka. He was born in Kumamoto in 1953, and is the winner of the 1974 KFS Contest Kodansha

Children's Literature Award (KFS?????·????????????).[2].

He is the author of several series of children's illustrated books including the very popular Kaiketsu Zorori (Incredible Zorori), Chiisana Mori (Small

Forest), Meimon furaido chiken shougakkou (the famous fried chicken primary school]) and Touyuuki (travels in the east).

References

  1. ↑ Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Ketsugo jujutsu
  2. ↑ http://www.books-keirindo.co.jp/common/news/20091219.html

External Link

*Hara Yuataka's page Kaiketsu Zorori (in Japanese)


Edelmiro Abad

The bad practice of nominating as a group meets its inevitable nemesis: opposition as a group

IQ testing environmental variances

Arguing that IQ tests are often wrongly described as measuring "innate" rather than developed ability, Template:Harvtxt conclude that this "labeling

bias" causes people to inappropriately attribute the Black-White gap to "innate" differences.[1]

Template:Dubious They assert that non-cultural environmental factors cause gaps measured by the tests, rather than any possible innate difference based on genetics, and to use these

tests as a measure of innate difference is misleading and improper.[2]Template:Dubious

Regarding the IQ gaps in the U.S., there are numerous possible explanations beside genetics. One author lists more than a hundred.[3] It has been

suggested that African-American culture disfavors academic achievement and fosters an environment that is damaging to IQ.[4]

Likewise, it is argued that the persistence of negative racial stereotypes reinforces this effect. John Ogbu has developed a hypothesis that the condition of being

a "caste-like minority" affects motivation and achievement, depressing IQ.[5] Similarly, it is suggested that reduced performance from "stereotype threat" could be a contributing factor.[6]

Estimates of the significance of genetics vs. environment are dependent on the strength of environmental factors. For example,

schizophrenia, regarded as being highly heritable

[unverified], has seen increased rates in second and third generation immigrants to Western European countries which do not seem to be the result of

increased genetic susceptibility, but another, as yet unidentified, environmental factor(s) that seems to have become more influential[unverified].

Many anthropologistsTemplate:Who have argued that intelligence is a cultural category; some cultures emphasize speed and competition more than others, for

example. Speculations about innate differences in intelligence between ethnic groups have occurred throughout history. Aristotle in the 4th century B.C. and

Cicero in the 1st. century B.C. disparaged the intelligence of the northern Europeans of the time, as did the Moors in Iberia in the

11th century. [7]

In the developing world there are many factors can greatly decrease IQ scores. Examples include nutrition deficiencies in iodine and iron; certain diseases

like malaria; unregulated toxic industrial substances like lead and mercury; and poor health care for pregnant women and infants. Also

in the developed world there are many biological factors that can affect IQ. Increased rates of low birth weight babies and lower rates of breastfeeding in Blacks

as compared to Whites are some factors of many that have been proposed to affect the IQ gap.[8]

The secular, international increase in test scores, commonly called the Flynn effect, is seen by Flynn and others as reason to expect the eventual convergence

of average black and white IQ scores. Flynn argues that the average IQ scores in several countries have increased about 3 points per decade during the 20th century,

which he and others attribute predominantly to environmental causes.[9] This means, given the same test, the mean black American performance today could be higher than the mean white American performance in

1920, though the gains causing this appear to have occurred predominantly in the lower half of the IQ distribution.[10] If

changes in environment can cause changes in IQ over time, they argue, then contemporary differences between groups could also be due to an unknown environmental

factor. On the supposition that the effect started earlier for whites, because their social and economical conditions began to improve earlier than did those of

blacks, they anticipate that the IQ gap among races might change in the future or is even now changing. An added complication to this hypothesis is the question of

whether the secular IQ gains can be predominantly a real change in cognitive ability. Flynn's face-value answer to this question is "No",[11] and other researchers have found reason to concur.[12] Responding to such concerns,

Template:Harvtxt have proposed a solution which rests on genotype-environment correlation, hypothesizing that small initial differences in

environment cause feedback effects which magnify into large IQ differences.[13] Such differences would need to develop before age 3, when the black-white

IQ gap can be first detected.[14]

Many studies that attempt to test for heritability find results that do not support the partly-genetic hypothesis (20-80% genetic). They include studies on IQ and

skin color,[15] self-reported European ancestry,[16]

children in post WWII Germany born to black and white American soldiers,[17] blood groups,[18] and mixed-race children born to either a black or a white mother.[19] Many

intervention and adoption studies also find results that do not support the genetic hypothesis.[20] Non-hereditarians have argued

that these are direct tests of the genetic hypothesis and of more value than indirect variables, such as skull size and reaction time.[21] Hereditarians argue that these studies are flawed due to their age, lack of replication, problems with their sample population, or that they do in fact

support the partly-genetic hypothesis.[22]

Template:Harvtxt, with data from "the first large, nationally representative sample" of its kind, report finding only a very small racial difference

when measuring mental function for children aged eight to twelve months, and that even these differences disappear when including a "limited set of controls".[23] They argue that their report poses "a

substantial challenge to the simplest, most direct, and most often articulated genetic stories regarding racial differences in mental function."[23] They conclude that "to the extent that there are any genetically-driven racial differences in intelligence, these gaps must either emerge after the age of

one, or operate along dimensions not captured by this early test of mental cognition."[23]

Another recent theory hypothesizes that fluid cognition (gF') may be separable from general intelligence, and that gF' may be very susceptible to environmental

factors, in particular early childhood stress. Some IQ tests, especially those used with children, are poor measures of gF', which means that the effect of the

environment on intelligence regarding racial differences, the Flynn effect, early childhood intervention, and life outcomes may have been underestimated in many

studies. The article has received numerous peer commentaries for and against.[24]

Notes

  1. ↑ PBS Jencks Interview "If we change the names of the tests, they still measure the same thing but it wouldn't convey this idea that somehow you've gotten the potential of somebody when you measured their IQ. And I think that creates a big bias, because the people who do badly on the tests are labeled as people with low potential in many people's minds and they sometimes even believe that about themselves."
  2. ↑ Template:Harvtxt "... we find it hard to see how anyone reading these studies with an open mind could conclude that innate ability played a large role in the black-white gap."
  3. ↑ Applied Personnel Research: Consulting and Expert Witness Services
  4. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  5. ↑ Template:Harvtxt; Template:Harvtxt. See Template:Harvtxt, pp. 511 -512 for a critique of these arguments.
  6. ↑ Template:Harvtxt found that making race salient when taking a test of cognitive ability negatively affected high-ability African American students. They name this phenomenon stereotype threat. Template:Harvtxt point out that these findings are widely misinterpreted to mean that eliminating stereotype threat eliminated the Black-White performance gap. See also Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt and Template:Harvtxt for discussion of the implications of stereotype threat for race and intelligence research.
  7. ↑ Aristotle: "Having spoken of the number of the citizens, we will proceed to speak of what should be their character. This is a subject which can be easily understood by any one who casts his eye on the more celebrated states of Hellas, and generally on the distribution of races in the habitable world. Those who live in a cold climate and in Europe are full of spirit, but wanting in intelligence and skill; and therefore they retain comparative freedom, but have no political organization, and are incapable of ruling over others. Whereas the natives of Asia are intelligent and inventive, but they are wanting in spirit, and therefore they are always in a state of subjection and slavery. But the Hellenic race, which is situated between them, is likewise intermediate in character, being high-spirited and also intelligent. Hence it continues free, and is the best-governed of any nation, and, if it could be formed into one state, would be able to rule the world." (Aristotle, Politics, ch. 7).
    Cicero: "Do not obtain your slaves from Britain because they are so stupid and so utterly incapable of being taught that they are not fit to form a part of the household of Athens." Attributed to Cicero's Epistulae ad Atticum (Letters to Atticus), 68 BC-43 BC (latin text). Translation: Template:Harvtxt.
    "Races north of the Pyrenees are of cold temperament and never reach maturity; they are of great stature and of a white colour. But they lack all sharpness of wit and penetration of intellect." Attributed to "Said of Toledo (a Moorish savant)" by Template:Harvtxt (p.34), originally quoted in Template:Harvtxt.
  8. ↑ See [[Race and intelligence (Explanations)#Nongenetic biological factors]]
  9. ↑ Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt
  10. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  11. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  12. ↑ Template:Harvtxt concluded that "the gains cannot be explained solely by increases at the level of the latent variables (common factors), which IQ tests purport to measure". An analysis by Template:Harvtxt found that the IQ increases associated with the Flynn effect did not produce changes in g, which Rushton compares to the finding by Template:Harvtxt that IQ increases associated with adoption likewise do not increase g. Template:Harvtxt disagrees with Rushton's analysis.
  13. ↑ Template:Harvtxt and others find this hypothesis unsupported by the available evidence. Template:Harvtxt respond to these criticisms.
  14. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  15. ↑ Template:Harvtxt reported the average correlation between skin color and IQ among American blacks is .1; for comparison Template:Harvtxt found the correlation between skin color and fraction of West-African ancestry is .4.
  16. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  17. ↑ Template:Harvtxt; see note below
  18. ↑ Template:Harvtxt, Template:Harvtxt
  19. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  20. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  21. ↑ Template:Harvtxt
  22. ↑ Template:Harvtxt argue that these studies are "peculiarly old, the mean year of publication being 1960" and "actually very weak and nondecisive, not having been replicated even once". Template:Harvtxt, for example, points out that while the study of children born in post-WWII Germany finds no difference between white and interracial children, it does find a large difference in IQ between boys and girls, suggesting that sampling artifacts have affected the results.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Template:Harvtxt [http://post.economics.harvard.edu/faculty/fryer/papers/fryer_levitt_ecls_babies.pdf Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children] "On tests of intelligence, Blacks systematically score worse than Whites, whereas Asians frequently outperform Whites. Some have argued that genetic differences across races account for the gap. Using a newly available nationally representative data set that includes a test of mental function for children aged eight to twelve months, we find only minor racial differences in test outcomes (0.06 standard deviation units in the raw data) between Blacks and Whites that disappear with the inclusion of a limited set of controls. The only statistically significant racial difference is that Asian children score slightly worse than those of other races. To the extent that there are any genetically-driven racial differences in intelligence, these gaps must either emerge after the age of one, or operate along dimensions not captured by this early test of mental cognition."
  24. ↑ How similar are fluid cognition and general intelligence? A developmental neuroscience perspective on fluid cognition as an aspect of human cognitive ability, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006), 29: 109-125 Cambridge University Press, Clancy Blair. Multiple comments can be seen on [http://scholar.google.se/scholar?as_q=&num=10&btnG=S%C3% B6k+Scholar&as_epq=How+similar+are+fluid+cognition+and+general+intelligence&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=any&as_sauthors=&as_publication=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&as_y lo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=sv&lr= Google Scholar.]


Sassenach

Sassenach is a word used chiefly by the Scots to designate an Englishman. It derives from the Scottish Gaelic Sasunnach meaning,

originally, "Saxon", from the Latin "Saxones"; it was also formerly applied by Highlanders to (non-Gaelic-speaking)

Lowlanders[1]. As employed by Scots or [[Scottish

English]]-speakers today it is usually used in jest, as a (friendly) term of abuse. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) gives 1771 as the date of the earliest

written use of the word in English.

Sasanach, the Irish-language word for an Englishman, has the same derivation, as do the words used in Welsh to describe

the English people (Saeson, sing. Sais) and the language and things English in general: Saesneg and Seisnig. These words are normally, however, used

only in the Irish and Welsh languages themselves.

Cornish also terms English Sawsnek from the same derivation. Some Cornish were known to use the expression Meea navidna cowza

sawzneck!' to feign ignorance of the English language.[2]

Uses

In James Joyce's Ulysses, Buck Mulligan refers to Haines, a British guest in the Martello tower with them, as "the Sassenach".

And in the "Cyclops" episode, the citizen, a Gaelic revivalist, says: "To hell with the bloody brutal Sassenachs and their patois."

In the well-known Irish Rebel song, "The Bold Fenian Men", the final couplet uses the word sassenach: All who love foreign law, native or sassenach, must out

and make way for the bold Fenian men.

In the Outlander series of novels by Diana Gabaldon, the main character, Englishwoman Claire Fraser (Beauchamp), is often referred to

as 'Sassenach' by her Scottish husband, Jamie Fraser, as a term of endearment, though it is more usually employed against the English as a term of abuse.

In the film The Water Horse: Legend of the Deep, the handyman Mowbray rebukes Captain Hamilton for his "Sassenach attitudes".

In an episode of The Broons, Hen and Joe go out dressed in Kilts and carrying weapons ("Doon wi' the Sassenachs!"). Granpaw Broon tries to warn them

("It'll no' come aff - it's been tried before!"). His grandsons, however, are just playing cameo roles in a film.[3]

In the video game Nancy Drew: The Haunting of Castle Malloy , by Her Interactive, the caretaker Donal refers to the missing fiancé using the Irish

form "Sasanach".

One of the headstones in the video game Fable III (specifically, in the Mercenary Camp in Mistpeak) refers to a man who was "killed by the Sassanachs".

References

  1. ↑ The Concise Scots Dictionary, Aberdeen University Press, 1985
  2. ↑ Richard Carew, Survey of Cornwall, 1602 N.B. in revived Cornish, this would be transcribed My ny vynnaf cows sowsnek. However the Cornish word Emit meaning "ant" (and perversely derived from OE) is more commonly used in Cornwall today as slang to designate non-Cornish Englishmen.
  3. ↑ The Broons, 1983 Annual

Template:language-stub


Sante Kimes

- with this AfD's kind of attitude, WP is probably either sued a lot or will be In fact, the worst behaviour is in the

AfD; the article is relatively speaking, unbiased. 'fleecing'? is the only word that can be replaced, although the summary style is not purely factual. This one is

worth keeping not only just for the AfD, but only for the AfD. "Tough crap if it's 'biased' - she's a convicted murderer." Delicious junk food.

Channel drift

Reservations: TV subject, and real reasons for MTV 'drifting' (copyright & expense) not adequately represented by the definition, and it may be impossible to do so Template:Globalize/USA Channel drift, or network decay[1] is the gradual transition of a television network away from its original programming focus to either target a newer

more lucrative audience, or to broaden their viewership by including less niche programming. Networks that focus on a particular theme, such as

Golf Channel, tend to show shows outside of this scope that the channel's management feels that the viewers would also like to see, though balancing the needs

of expanding a network's audience while continuing to service a channel's most loyal viewers.

However, this is not always successful. MTV began the drifting in the early 1990s by dropping music videos and switching to reality and other programming,

with VH1 and CMT following. Viewers have complained and sometimes abandoned a channel that no longer airs the shows that the

viewers originally tuned in to see, causing problems for the network in question, such has been the case for Cartoon Network's "CN Real" live-action reality television block of programming, along with the rebranding of Sci-Fi Channel to Syfy for both trademark reasons

and to allow a stretching of the network's definition of appropriate programming, including Law and Order SVU reruns and ECW wrestling. (In 2010 ECW was

replaced by NXT, and in October WWE SmackDown will move from MyNetworkTV to Syfy.)[2][3] CMT meanwhile has begun to air programming such as Nanny 911, [[Trading

Spouses]] and Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (which also airs on TV Land, which would ironically have no connection to the classic TV shows it

originally aired) along with other programming which has little or no connection to southern culture, much less country music, while networks such as

HGTV and the Food Network have in intervening years moved away from straight instructional shows for their audience in order to bring in an entertainment-

minded audience.

Sometimes, a channel will rebrand itself, and focus on completely different audience than intended at the channel's founding; for example, the conversion of

Court TV channel to truTV allowed it to show more reality-based programming (though retaining a law enforcement focus, such as

repeats of World's Wildest Police Videos) and slowly phase out their advertising-adverse legal system and courtroom programming, a process which is to

end in October 2009 when the remaining courtroom analysis programs transitioned to CNN.com's legal news section and unpromoted and reduced

court coverage from CNN Center on the mainline channel. TruTV will even air first- and second-round games of the NCAA men's basketball tournament starting

in 2011.[4]

References

  1. ↑ [http://www.tvsquad.com/2008/01/21/tv-101-channel-drift-or-what-the-hell-happened-to-aande/ TV 101: Channel Drift (or, what the hell happened to A&E?)]
  2. ↑ [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-cartoon- reality17-2009jun17,0,2449190.story : LA Times: Cartoon Network's new reality shows?]
  3. ↑ [http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118001474.html? categoryid=2526&cs=1 Variety: Sci Fi's change to Syfy draws online critics]
  4. ↑ AP: Court TV becomes Tru TV

Further reading

External links

Warning: Default sort key "Channel Drift" overrides earlier default sort key "Magibon".


Wikipedia:Tabun (nerve agent)#History

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Nova_6


Flow notation system

http://qn5.com/tonedeff/fns/ & deleted at AfD


Serbian-Albanian conflict

http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Serbian-Albanian_conflict and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Serbian%E2%80%93Albanian_conflict

= Kept - Concepts in the seduction community

=


The Judeo-Christian deity in Marvel Comics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/One-Above-All Template:Superherobox Both as an expression of various authors' personal belief and influenced by the Comics Code Authority, the Judeo-Christian deity has made numerous appearances

in the 'Marvel Universe'. One-Above-All is the prevalent memetic name for the supreme God of the fictional Marvel Comics

mythology. The character of God more closely resembles the Old Testament version than the New Testament version of Jesus speaks of, in these action-adventure

stories; power and majesty, vengeance and jealousy, other than the one pandering to Jesus Freak sentiments of the probably imaginary hippie comic readership in

1968. Always selling out to the highest bidder, Marvel ceased portraying God until he was safely esconced in the media portrayal of a reactionary 1990s (!!!), and

post-Patriot Act, the pace of appearances increased.

Publication history

The title "One-Above-All" itself was coined in Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts vol. 2, #13 (April 1976), written by Steve Englehart, and the

entity visibly manifested in Fantastic Four #511 (May 2004).

The entity appears in The Sensational Spider-Man vol. 2, #40 (Oct. 2007).

Fictional character biography

During an encounter with the mystic hero Doctor Strange, the cosmic entity Eternity tells Strange: "I and my brother, Death,

comprise all of your reality, mystic! Neither he nor I are God, for God rules all realities!"[1]

When the pregnant Susan Storm feared for her husband's likely death at the hands of the "all-powerful" Silver Surfer, Uatu the Watcher told her that there

was only one being that was truly "all-powerful", and that "His only weapon...is love."[2][3]

Doctor Strange, after being bitten by the vampire Dracula, apparently invokes this entity in desperation: "In the name of the

Tetragrammaton, Jehovah! O Great Unmanifest, hear my plea!" which called upon holy power in the form of a crucifix strong enough to cure both himself and

Wong of vampirism and seemingly destroy Dracula himself,[4] later calling upon this power once again to purge and slay the N'Garai-empowered Shadowqueen.[5] Strange,

after surviving a fierce battle with the Asgardian trickster Loki, sees Thor and states: "And yet, some omnipotent power

has so arranged the universe that good must always prevail! For every mighty villain, there is a mightier hero! For every menacing enemy of mankind, there is a

fighting Avenger!"[6]

In ancient times, to punish the people of Gehenna for worshiping the savage Annunaki deity Ba'al through ritualistic human sacrifice, the Hand of

God, empowered by "unbreakable steel and divine might", is sent to destroy Ba'al. In recent times the anti-hero Wolverine, after

directly praying for aid, appears to be possessed by the Hand of God's spirit, and slays the restored Ba'al.[7][8]

In the aftermath of the Infinity Gauntlet crossover series, during the trial of Adam Warlock, the Living Tribunal states: "I

represent forces that dwarf even your might. My authority comes from on high."[9]

The Cosmic Cube Kubik, on a tour displaying various higher powers to Kosmos, states: "The most supreme power that can be comprehended,

the Living Tribunal exists in all multiverses simultaneously, always prepared to enact judgment. Logic would indicate that the Tribunal itself is but another

servant, but of what none dare imagine."[10]

When Thor once compared himself and Odin to various other gods, abstract entities, and cosmic beings in terms of power, he notes: "And 'tis

said that a being, called the Living Tribunal—the final judge—hath the power to enforce his will 'pon any cosmos he doth judge! And 'tis said his power is supreme

in all the Multiverse. Even I, son of one of the mightiest of all gods, find it impossible to conceive of such levels of power! And 'tis a humbling thought to

consider how much greater the Creator of all Universes must be than that of all of His creations combined!"[11]

When Jake Olsen pleaded for Odin to not send him back into Mephisto's realm, Odin, after denying he himself was "God", instead allows

Olsen's soul to ascend to a higher plane, responding: "Nay, mortal. There is a power far greater than mine - and it is to Him I commend thy spirit now. Let

peace envelop thy being, mortal, for thou hast suffered enow."[12]

The Eternal Thanos realizes he has been subtly manipulated by an unseen supreme power, whom he refers to as "the Almighty", into

destroying, and then recreating the universe without a fundamental flaw, initially caused by the resurrection of Wonder Man, that allowed characters to be

resurrected quite easily, and created an imbalance between life and death.[13]

The entity apparently appears before the superhero team the Fantastic Four when they visit Heaven to retrieve the soul of Ben Grimm, in the appearance

of the Fantastic Four's co-creator Jack Kirby.[14]

After a final confrontation with the brutal demoness Asteroth left Beta Ray Bill at the brink of death, a glowing man in white robes appears before him and

heals him while assuring him that this would be a new beginning for his people and himself, subsequently claiming the souls of the decimated Korbinites and sending

his own spirit into the body of a human.[15]

When Peter Parker's (the alter ego of Spider-Man) Aunt May lies close to death, a seemingly all-knowing homeless man appears before Parker, and

when Parker asks the entity about its identity, it states that he already knows the answer, and manifests in the resplendent form depicted above.[16] Unfortunately, even this encounter with "God" was not enough to truly sway Peter from his inner anguish, and

out of pure desperation, he and Mary Jane give up their marriage to the demon Mephisto (who claims that their marriage was made holy in "the

eyes of He who I hate most" and that thus erasing it would be a triumph beyond all others for him).[17]

The gods of Zenn-La refer to a First Mover who ignited the fire cosmic and by its light brought "orbit, organization, and order" to the universe from a

beginning of primal chaos, and who extrapolated the End Times being heralded by the Nil Star.[18] As the alien deity Glory threatened to absorb and destroy Thor during the events of Chaos War, Donald Blake and Becca

Steinhardt were able to, through a united prayer, call out to the power of the "creator of all men and gods" that resided within "each and every one" of

humanity, power sufficient to destroy Glory himself from within.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Doctor Strange: Master of the Mystic Arts vol. 2,
    1. 13 (April 1976), Marvel Comics
  2. ↑ Fantastic Four #72 (1968)
  3. ↑ Religious Affiliation of the Watcher, Marvel Comics
  4. ↑ [http://img338.imageshack.us/img338/5971/crossdrac.jpg Doctor Strange: Volume 2
    1. 14]
  5. ↑ Doctor Strange: Volume 2 #44
  6. ↑ Strange Tales #123 (1964), Marvel Comics
  7. ↑ Wolverine: Volume 2 #13-16
  8. ↑ Marvel Appendix: Ba'al and Hand of God
  9. ↑ Warlock and the Infinity Watch #1 (Feb. 1992), Marvel Comics
  10. ↑ Fantastic Four Annual #23 (1990), Marvel Comics
  11. ↑ The Mighty Thor Annual #14 (1989), Marvel Comics
  12. ↑ Thor Annual 2000, 2000, Marvel Comics
  13. ↑ Marvel: The End #1 - 6 (May - Aug. 2003)
  14. ↑ Fantastic Four #511 (May 2004)
  15. ↑ Stormbreaker: The Saga of Beta Ray Bill #6, Marvel Comics
  16. ↑ The Sensational Spider-Man vol. 2, #40 (Oct. 2007)
  17. ↑ "One More Day" — Amazing Spider-Man #544; Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man #24; The Sensational Spider-Man #41 and Amazing Spider-Man #545 (Oct. 2007 - Jan. 2008), Marvel Comics
  18. ↑ Chaos War: Chaos King
    1. 1
  19. ↑ Chaos War: Thor #2, Marvel Comics

External links

Template:Marvel Cosmic


Template:Document Template:Anchor/doc & possibly others

Abu Bakr al Jaziri

According to the United States Treasury Abu Bakr al Jaziri is the a member of the senior management for the Afghan Support Committee and the [[Wikipedia:Revival

of Islamic Heritage Society]], two organizations designated as terrorist under Executive Order 13224.[1]

Citations

  1. ↑ [http://www.ustreas.gov/press/releases/po909.htm The Continuing War on Terrorist Assets] Paul O'Neill (January 9, 2002). United States Treasury. Retrieved 2008-03-08. "While portraying themselves as legitimate charitable enterprises, the ASC and RIHS have financed and facilitated terrorism. ASC and RIHS personnel, including Al-Jaziri and Al-Libi, defrauded well-meaning contributors by diverting money donated for widows and orphans to al-Qaida terrorists."


Shit Hop

Shit Hop, is a sub-genre of hip hop music that emerged from Newtown gangsta rap in the late 2000s. Shit Hop exclusively utilizes Apple Macintosh free software GarageBand to create it's shit sound, with most tracks incorporating multi-layered and melodic synthesizers, sexy hypnotic grooves, a deep bass, background female vocals (sometimes up too nine hoe's at a time) and nonsensical rapping. The lyrical content consists of summer parties, camels, bagels, Newtown, sex, the jungle, prostitution, drugs, violence, and women. There was also a slurred “incomprehensible” way of rapping in order to clarify words and stay in rhythmic cadence when under the influence of drugs and alcohol.

Origins

There has been some debate over who should be considered the "father of Shit Hop." Generally it is believed to be super producer D Train On The Beats.

Rap n Save

Despite no initial media attention, the disappearance of Meatface (Rap n Save's best rapper) and a lack of discipline in the studio, a defining moment occurred in Rap n Save's style after D Train had been up all night on the beats at a nearby party in Newtown, where sources say he rallied guests to get involved in an acapella sing along. Instead of everyone singing lyrics, D Train directed the people too mimic an instrument which eventuated in the producer stumbling home to personally recreate these alien sounds still ringing in his head. After passing out on his keyboard he awoke in the studio the next morning, unaware of his recording efforts, he found a strange file left open, D Train pressed play, and wept. The sound coming from the speakers was unlike anything he had heard before.

Similar reactions from other listener's followed, and a prolific new era for Rap 'n Save was formed. This song would eventually be titled Cuntly. News spread about the vibrant track, causing old collaborators such as Apple Camel to return too 'Newtown, who helped write and perform some of Rap'n'Save's best work towards the end of the "Cocks, Vag & Cash" spontaneous studio sessions.

Currently Rap'n'Save is putting down the final touches for it's 2nd album (title still unknown) which features a handful of new artists. Leaked demo tracks hint at a continuation of there "shit" style, only this time the tracks have a greater alienation to them. The response to fewer 'club bangers' on the 2nd album should prove hostile with some , although dance fans will not miss out completely, as ZZA makes his producing debut with a track that "should get the party crumping".

However make no mistake, "it will be a Shit Hop record", as D Train officially announced on his blog last week, also stating "If you hated the first album, then your going too fucken loathe the second!".

Rap, therefore deleted

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