|
|
| (78 intermediate revisions by 23 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | <div style="float:right;margin:1em">http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/gifs/jcartoon.gif</div> | + | '''Wikipedia''' is an [[online encyclopedia]] founded on January 15, 2001<ref>Morley Winograd, Michael D. Hais, ''Millennial Makeover'', pp 237, Rutgers University Press, 2008, ISBN 9780813543017</ref> with the money obtained through the Bomis<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080328/BIZ/803280327 |title=Wikipedia at a crossroads |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120916/http://www.mailtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080328/BIZ/803280327 |archivedate=2012-09-16}} ''Mail Tribune''</ref> web portal by two [[United States|American]] citizens, Internet entrepreneur and bond trader [[Jimmy Wales]] and philosophy professor [[Larry Sanger]]. It is controlled by the [[United States]]-based [[Wikimedia Foundation]]. Although it has editions in 250 languages, only 130 have more than 1000 articles.<ref>[http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias List of Wikipedias - Wikimedia], accessed August 1, 2008.</ref> After about four years from the date of its foundation, Wikipedia had about 450,000 articles,<ref>Aaron Weiss, The Unassociated Press, N.Y. Times, Feb. 10, 2005, at G5.</ref> and after six years it had about 2 million entries.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics English Wikipedia statistics]</ref> |
| − | '''Wikipedia''' is a [[large public wiki]] controlled by [[Jimmy Wales]] and the [[Wikimedia]] foundation. It also receives support from Bomis Inc. in the form of free [[w:bandwidth|bandwidth]] and this connection with a [[for-profit]] [[corporation]] is seen as a burden affecting the functioning of [[Wikipedia]] as ''' a free encyclopedia''' as it claims to be. | + | |
| | | | |
| − | ''Because Wikipedia censors much discussion of its own deficiencies, this article will focus on these, to balance the view at Wikipedia itself and Meta-Wikipedia, which contains largely a Wikipedia-promoting view.''
| + | ==History== |
| | + | In 1996 an American citizen named Jimmy Wales, who made money through bond trading, moved to San Diego, California, to found the Bomis web portal<ref name=Britannica>{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192818/Wikipedia |title=Wikipedia |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120604/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1192818/Wikipedia |archivedate=2012-06-04}} ''Britannica Online''</ref> In March 2000, Wales founded Nupedia, an English language free content online encyclopaedia, with Larry Sanger as editor-in-chief. Nupedia was organized in a manner so that articles were to be written by experts and to be reviewed under a formal process. By January 2001, less than twenty four articles were completed in that project, and Sanger proposed supplementing Nupedia with an open-source encyclopaedia. On January 15, 2001, Wikipedia was launched as a feature of Nupedia.com, but following objections from the advisory board, it was relaunched some days later as an independent website. In its first year, Wikipedia expanded to some 20,000 articles in 18 languages. In 2003, Nupedia was closed down and all its articles were moved into Wikipedia.<ref name=Britannica/> |
| | | | |
| − | Wikipedia claims to be a project to construct an [[encyclopedia]] based on the [[GFDL text corpus]]. It further asserts by claiming it is applying the terms of the GFDL that anything written and released under [[GFDL]], including those directly submitted via [[the Wikipedia user interface]] which is based on [[mediawiki]], can be legally included in the Wikipedia corpus.
| + | === Wikia === |
| | + | In 2004, Wales and then-fellow member of the WMF Board of Trustees [[Angela Beesley]] founded the for-profit company [[Wikia]].<ref name="2.0">{{cite news |
| | + | |first=Tom |
| | + | |last=McNichol |
| | + | |title=Building a Wiki World |
| | + | |url= http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401010/ |
| | + | |work=[[Business 2.0]] |
| | + | |publisher=CNN |
| | + | |date=May 1, 2007 |
| | + | |accessdate=October 31, 2007 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120916/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401010/ |archivedate=2012-09-16}}</ref> |
| | + | <ref name=signon>{{cite news |last = Sidener | first = Jonathan | title = Everyone's encyclopedia | work = [[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] | date = December 6, 2004 | page = C1 | url = http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html | accessdate=April 22, 2009 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120526/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20041206/news_mz1b6encyclo.html |archivedate=2012-05-26}}</ref> |
| | + | <ref name="utopia"> |
| | + | {{cite news |last=Getz |first=Arlene |title= In Search of an Online Utopia |work= [[Newsweek]] |publisher= [[msnbc.com]] |date= February 1, 2007 |url= http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16926950/site/newsweek/ |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070418204627/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16926950/site/newsweek/|archivedate=April 18, 2007 |accessdate=October 31, 2008}}</ref> |
| | + | <ref name=slashdot>{{cite news |author= Sanger, Larry |title= The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir |work= [[Slashdot]] |url= http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213 |date= April 18, 2005 |
| | + | |accessdate= October 31, 2005 |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120711/http://features.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/18/164213 |archivedate=2012-07-11}}</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | http://wikipedia.org is the largest GFDL access point. It suffers from a combination of software deficiencies and a developer and [[sysop power structure]] that is the opposite of democratic, and strongly favours insiders over outsiders. It is generally run better in the 22 languages other than English, since the guiltiest parties actually can't read those languages. The [[GodKing]], Jimmy Wales, can't read or write any language other than English. This is probably good:
| + | ==Is wikipedia free?== |
| | + | It receives support from Bomis Inc. in the form of free [[w:bandwidth|bandwidth]] and this connection with a [[for-profit]] [[corporation]] is seen as a burden affecting the functioning of Wikipedia as a free encyclopedia as it claims to be. |
| | | | |
| − | Wikipedias' struggle to resolves their internal contradictions (multi-language project run by a [[GodKing]] who speaks and reads only English, claims of neutrality with no outreach or mediation mechanism other than a technology that itself puts a [[sysop power structure]] (see: [[Stanford prison experiment]]) of mostly developed-world people in charge of content, inability to examine its own [[community point of view]]) will provide both good and bad examples for the [[Anarchopedia]], which would do well to avoid all the pitfalls it is falling into.
| + | ==Criticisms== |
| | + | {{main|criticism of Wikipedia}}<br> |
| | + | Wikipedia is criticized for exhibiting systemic bias and inconsistency.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2004/oct/26/g2.onlinesupplement |title=Who knows? |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120715/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2004/oct/26/g2.onlinesupplement |archivedate=2012-07-15}}</ref> Many university lecturers prohibit students from citing Wikipedia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/01/26/wiki |title=A Stand Against Wikipedia |archiveurl=http://archive.is/20120605/http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/01/26/wiki |archivedate=2012-06-05}}</ref> |
| | | | |
| − | For instance the [http://fr.wikipedia.org French Wikipedia] is said by some to be well run, as it attracted competent people who knew to selectively ignore Wales' pronouncements, but it suffers nonetheless from a detestable general atmosphere and repeated power struggles among users. Probably the worst run today is the [http://simple.wikipedia.org Simple English Wikipedia] - which seems to have no framework even for deciding what "Simple" is to mean... what purposes (or even audiences) it is to serve and what level of English mastery they may have. It has actually discouraged any discussion or policy setting in these regards, the opposite of what a real basis for translation of articles would have done.
| + | ==References== |
| | + | {{reflist}} |
| | | | |
| − | ===Criticisms===
| + | ==External links== |
| − | | + | |
| − | Wikipedia is often used as a [[bad example]] in discussions about the [[wiki way]] - sometimes rightly, sometimes wrongly. Wrong use of it as an example focuses on the fact that it has a specific mission to build some specific content - which in fact almost all wikis do. Wikis are not wholly for the benefit of their authors, but, presumably, create some statement that WE* agree on and can present to others as OUR opinion or best assembly of the facts. The highly confused and ideological [[Meatball Wiki]] has a page [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?WikiPediaIsNotTypical "Wikipedia is not typical"] which focuses on this, as if somehow wikis in general existed solely to facilitate text interchange among their users. Which might be true if wikis were all dating services, or intended to serve purposes like those of [[NetNews]]. However, this is to miss the whole point of [[collaborative editing technology]], which is to produce some output that represents something that is "more true than not". In real wikis, goodwill among contributors is a side effect of dedication to a common goal. In bad ones, it is required even under extreme circumstances of unethical behaviour, e.g. [[echo chamber]]s.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Correctly citing Wikipedia as a bad example, many insiders are decrying its uniquely destructive and abusive culture. It has been referred to as a "vile mailing list," and the "Nazipedia" because some believe there is an anti-Semitic bias (though they continue to contribute). There are also those who believe there is a pro-Zionist/pro-Israel, anti-Arab/anti-Muslim bias, while yet others see a Eurocentric bias that targets non-Western/European peoples and cultures, as well as blacks and other peoples of color.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | There are many debates about [[outing]] that seem to focus on whether a [[GodKing]] or [[sysop power structure]] pronouncement regarding the truth can or must be accepted as truth within the Wikipedia itself.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | As a concrete example of the tyranny which exists at the Wikipedia, note that there are no rules requiring "proof" (of any sort) before a user is banned -- there are only guidelines and such, but not actual rules. The result is that it is the responsiblity of a banned user to prove their innocence; and somehow defend themselves against the cabal.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | In discussions of both policy and content, the loudest voices who attract the most supporters during the pendency of a discussion often dominate direction. Users critical of the project are sometimes blocked from discussions. A review of user-histories at Wikipedia suggests that power users who spend several hours a day making small edits to numerous pages often dominate discussions, and comprise the most active elements of the administrative ranks. and that people who are qualified or interested in administrative functions may hold different interests from the people who are the best contributors (see ''[[community point of view]]'' and ''[[systemic bias]]'').
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Wikipedia also has serious failings as an encyclopedia. There is no special process or mechanism to deal with a [[political dispute]], with [[faction]]s that can't or won't reconcile their terms to each other, and it explicitly has refused to work out any separate policy for [[terminology dispute]] or for an [[identity dispute]], despite these being quite clearly all different things with different paths to resolution - or not. There are no designated editors to make final decisions, in any language, instead this is a power struggle of sorts, with a [[GodKing]] who speaks only English and can't possibly read all the disputed articles or judge their content. He works on "reputation" alone ultimately, which means the [[power structure]] is strictly hierarchical etc..
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===As defined on Urbandictionary.com===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | The following has been said about Wikipedia on Urbandictionary.com.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * "Wikipedia is a great idea in theory, but in practice, most of it's a waste of cyber-ink. It's <i>supposed</i> to be a massive open-source encyclopedia. To its credit, it contains some quirky, interesting information not found anywhere else. However, it also contains factual inaccuracies and political garbage. The bulk of its most influential contributors (the ones with power) are ideological morons, each of whom has to put his/her opinion into every article, even on topics like Norse mythology or basket-weaving. Petty squabbles dominate while factual integrity and cooperative production are made tertiary priorities. The worst aspect of Wikipedia is the "cabal" of like-minded, influential, long-standing contributors who dress their views up as "consensus" and use their sysop privileges to bully anyone who disagrees with them. As an interesting footnote, the encyclopedia was also implicated in a [[2004]] character assassination effort by a band of anonymous [[political spectrum | right-wingers]] against [[Mike Church]]." ([[2 December]] 2004)
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * "Online open text encyclopedia, the quality of whose articles varies widely because the quality of the contributors varies widely. A large number of its two hundred billion trillion articles consist of recycled news releases, wishful thinking masquerading as fact, axe-grinding, and hobbyhorse-riding. On the other hand, some sections include many articles written by people who know what they're talking about." ([[30 June]] 2004)
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Usefulness:===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Wikipedia articles, flawed as they are, can often be a good first reference for someone with no knowledge at all of a topic, especially if they have good references. After reading a Wikipedia article, it is usually possible to enter a few search terms in google or another search engine and find more credible material on the same subject, confident that you are using the terms that are recognized there. Indeed, it is the ability to find several dozen to a hundred or so hits on google that is often used as a criteria for an acceptable title of an article. This one good feature is abused by applying it to subtitles, however, and generally by applying it only to subjects politically disliked by the sysops.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Wikipedia's article on itself [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia] makes various claims about its origins which are generally credible, but doesn't say enough about its many problems. There is an entire separate site devoted to that, the "meta", and this debates issues of [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/governance m:governance], but the difference between such proposals and real [http://meta.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Governance Wikipedia Governance] are great indeed.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | It seems Wikipedia has gone at least two years without seriously considering its governance structure, and that [[Wikimedia]] is simply a front organization for the same [[power structure]] that was described in early 2002 by Wales - a simple hierarchy with himself in charge, no accountability to anyone, not even donors who believe they are supporting a GFDL encyclopedia with "open" editing.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | There has been some examination of the project's role and the way it portrays itself, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Itself] for a list of contributions relevant to the form of Wikipedia, itself.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | In general, Wikipedia has a biased view of itself, and presents itself as an attempt to build an encyclopedia, when in fact it appears to do little or nothing to meet the editorial standards of a serious encyclopedia, and forces people of strong qualifications to answer to petty abuse from various parties of no particular qualifications at all, as the project turned to popular selection of contributors and casual verification of content, often on ad hominem reasoning toward authors, instead of a more formal fact-checking process. It should be seen as a project that helped build the [[GFDL text corpus]] in many languages, but is now in decline. Much as the attempt to build a "GNU Unix" built the body of [[GPL]] code.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Wikipedia, more so than other wiki service in early 2004, had become a main source for re-distribution of encyclopedic content by other sites, and thus expanded the reach of errors contained in its largely unverified content. Redistribution of Wikipedia-sourced material by another user-editable encyclopedia that could prove more popular with contributors might pose the greatest risk to control by Wikipedia's founding cadre. Wikinfo's [http://www.wikinfo.org/wiki.php?title=Critical_views_of_Wikipedia article] centers on this criticism, noting "Wikipedians say one should not solely rely on any one source in their research. Yet, critics must counter that relying on a trusted source is the fundamental use of an ''encyclopedia''".
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ''This version is from the perspective of the [[Anarchopedia:Reds]] [[faction]].
| + | |
| − | See also [[Wikipedia (neutral)]] for a [[neutral point of view]] version.''
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | In general, [[Anarchopedia:Reds]] consider there to be no negotiating nor accomodation with [[Wikipedia]] but view the [[troll-sysop struggle]] there as directly towards [[wiki regime change]], replacing the current [[power structure]] with a more accountable structure with no history of [[GodKing]]s nor [[priestly hierarchy]] nor [[command hierarchy]]. ''See the analysis of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Richardchilton English Wikipedia User Richardchilton] for more on the prospect of withdrawing and helping destroy it from a distance.''
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===Relation to Anarchopedia===
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | See also: [[Anarchopedia:Wikipedia datadump]].
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | Contributors to Anarchopedia don't have the same relation to Wikipedia. At least, there are two views:
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | # The default position should be that Wikipedia's serious governance problems are so dangerous to Anarchopedia that they can't be repeated here. The English Wikipedias and Mediawiki are [[enemy projects]] in that their goals and values differ so radically from those of [[Anarchopedia]] that any confusion of one set of policies or concept of responsibility on those projects with the policies or responsibilities of Anarchopedia is a net negative - that is, anyone who says regarding an important governance decision that "X isn't what WE* do on Wikipedia" should be told "right, go away, we're doing it anyway". Or more neutrally, "that's evidence that X is the right thing to do". On [[governance]] specifically.
| + | |
| − | # Even Wikipedia has power structure, which is opposite to the principles of libertarian organization in Anarchopedia, some of us thinks that Wikipedia is great ancestor of Anarchopedia and our teacher: how to do something and how not to do something else. Principles of contributing to Wikipedia are much better then principles of contributing to Britannica. If Wikipedia didn't exist, probably Anarchopedia would not, too. Analogue situation is relation between anarchism and capitalism: capitalism has power structure which is opposite to anarchism; capitalism teaches us what to do and what not to do in anarchism; capitalism is bad, but it is better then feudalism; the question is: would (contemporary) anarchism exist if capitalism didn't exist.
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | {{GFDL origin|http://develop.consumerium.org/wiki/index.php/Wikipedia_(Reds)}}
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ==See also==
| + | |
| − | * [[censorship in Wikipedia]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | ===External links===
| + | |
| − | *[[:w:meta:Main Page|Meta Wikipedia]]
| + | |
| − | *[[:w:en:Main page|English language Wikipedia]]
| + | |
| − | *[[:w:en:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|Wikipedia:Articles for deletion]]
| + | |
| | *[http://wikipediareview.com/ The Wikipedia Review] - forums hosting discussions about Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects (mainly criticism-oriented) | | *[http://wikipediareview.com/ The Wikipedia Review] - forums hosting discussions about Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects (mainly criticism-oriented) |
| | *[http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/ Wikipedia Watch .org] | | *[http://www.wikipedia-watch.org/ Wikipedia Watch .org] |
| − | *[http://www.wikipediaclassaction.org/ Wikipedia Class Action .org] | + | *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6947532.stm Wikipedia 'shows CIA page edits'] |
| | | | |
| | + | [[Category:Wikipedia| ]] |
| | + | |
| | + | [[de:NPOV-pedia]] |
| | + | [[fr:Wikipedia]] |
| | [[it:Wikipedia]] | | [[it:Wikipedia]] |
| − | [[de:Wikipedia]] | + | [[pt:Wikipédia]] |
| − | | + | [[es:Wikipedia]] |
| − | [[Category:Wikipedia]] | + | |
| − | [[Category:Wikis]]
| + | |
In 1996 an American citizen named Jimmy Wales, who made money through bond trading, moved to San Diego, California, to found the Bomis web portal[6] In March 2000, Wales founded Nupedia, an English language free content online encyclopaedia, with Larry Sanger as editor-in-chief. Nupedia was organized in a manner so that articles were to be written by experts and to be reviewed under a formal process. By January 2001, less than twenty four articles were completed in that project, and Sanger proposed supplementing Nupedia with an open-source encyclopaedia. On January 15, 2001, Wikipedia was launched as a feature of Nupedia.com, but following objections from the advisory board, it was relaunched some days later as an independent website. In its first year, Wikipedia expanded to some 20,000 articles in 18 languages. In 2003, Nupedia was closed down and all its articles were moved into Wikipedia.[6]
