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:''This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. For other meanings of the word, see [[revolution (disambiguation)]].''
 
:''This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. For other meanings of the word, see [[revolution (disambiguation)]].''
  
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A '''revolution''' is a relatively sudden and absolutely drastic change. This may be a change in the [[social]] or [[political]] institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its [[culture]] or [[economics|economy]]. Some revolutions are led by the majority of the populace of a nation, others by a small band of [[revolutionary|revolutionaries]]. Compare '''[[rebellion]]''' [[protest]].
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{{popular tag|revolution}}
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A '''revolution''' is a relatively sudden and absolutely drastic change. This may be a change in the [[social]] or [[political]] institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its [[culture]] or [[economics|economy]]. Some revolutions are led by the majority of the populace of a nation, others by a small band of [[revolutionary|revolutionaries]]. Compare '''[[rebellion]]'''.
  
 
== Social and political revolutions ==
 
== Social and political revolutions ==
  
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Political revolutions are often characterised by [[violence]], and the vast changes in power structures that result can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the [[Russian Revolution| Russian]] and [[French Revolution| French]] revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively). A ''political'' revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a ''social'' revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the [[Protestant Reformation]] or the [[Renaissance]]. However, blurring the line between these two categories, most political revolutions have basic philosophical or social underpinnings which drive the revolution. The most common of these underpinnings in the modern world have been [[liberal revolution]]s and [[Communist revolution]]s. In contrast, a '''[[coup d'etat]]''' often seeks to change nothing more than the current ruler.
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Political revolutions are often characterised by [[violence]], and the vast changes in power structures that result can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the [[October Revolution| Russian]] and [[10th of August (French Revolution)| French]] revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively). A ''political'' revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a ''social'' revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the [[Protestant Reformation]] or the [[Renaissance]]. However, blurring the line between these two categories, most political revolutions have basic philosophical or social underpinnings which drive the revolution. The most common of these underpinnings in the modern world have been [[liberal revolution]]s and [[Communist revolution]]s. In contrast, a '''[[coup d'etat]]''' often seeks to change nothing more than the current ruler.
  
 
Some [[political philosophy|political philosophers]] regard revolutions as the means of achieving their goals. Most [[anarchism|anarchists]] advocate social revolution as the means of breaking down the structures of government and replacing them with nonhierarchal institutions, while [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[communism|communists]] take revolution to be one strategy, possibly accompanied by the use of electoral politics to take over, rather than overthrow, the institution of government, their aim being to create a communist society.   
 
Some [[political philosophy|political philosophers]] regard revolutions as the means of achieving their goals. Most [[anarchism|anarchists]] advocate social revolution as the means of breaking down the structures of government and replacing them with nonhierarchal institutions, while [[Marxism|Marxist]] [[communism|communists]] take revolution to be one strategy, possibly accompanied by the use of electoral politics to take over, rather than overthrow, the institution of government, their aim being to create a communist society.   
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===Ancient revolutions===
 
===Ancient revolutions===
 
* [[Great Jewish Revolt]] ([[66]]-[[70]]) and [[Bar Kokhba's revolt]] ([[132]]-[[135]]) against the [[Roman Empire]].
 
* [[Great Jewish Revolt]] ([[66]]-[[70]]) and [[Bar Kokhba's revolt]] ([[132]]-[[135]]) against the [[Roman Empire]].
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===Anarchist revolutions===
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In addition to the below, [[anarchy|anarchists]] influenced many other revolutions, in particular the [[Mexican Revolution]] (1910), the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]] and rebellions such as the [[May 1968|May 1968 revolt]].
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* [[Ukrainian Revolution]] -- ([[1918]]-[[1921]])
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* [[Third Russian Revolution]] -- ([[1918]]-[[1922]]) -- Failed [[anarchist]] revolution against both [[Bolshevism]] and the [[White movement]].
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* [[Spanish Revolution]] -- ([[1936]]) -- Social upheaval that swept Spain in response to the anti-Republican insurgency of General [[Francisco Franco]].
  
 
===Liberal revolutions===
 
===Liberal revolutions===
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* [[Belgian Revolution]] ([[1830]])
 
* [[Belgian Revolution]] ([[1830]])
 
* [[Revolution of 1848]] -- ([[1848]]) -- Wave of failed liberal and republican revolutions that swept Europe.
 
* [[Revolution of 1848]] -- ([[1848]]) -- Wave of failed liberal and republican revolutions that swept Europe.
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* [[Russian Revolution of 1905]] -- ([[1905]]) -- Failed [[bourgeois]]-[[liberal]] revolution against [[Tsar Nicholas II]]
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* [[First Russian Revolution]] -- ([[1905]]) -- Failed [[bourgeois]]-[[liberal]] revolution against [[Tsar Nicholas II]]
 
* [[Mexican Revolution]] -- ([[1910]]) -- Overthrow of dictator [[Porfirio Díaz]], seizure of power by [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]].
 
* [[Mexican Revolution]] -- ([[1910]]) -- Overthrow of dictator [[Porfirio Díaz]], seizure of power by [[Institutional Revolutionary Party]].
 
* [[Xinhai Revolution]] -- ([[1911]]) -- Overthrow of ruling [[Qing Dynasty]] and establishment of the [[Republic of China]].
 
* [[Xinhai Revolution]] -- ([[1911]]) -- Overthrow of ruling [[Qing Dynasty]] and establishment of the [[Republic of China]].
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* [[February Revolution]] -- ([[1917]])
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* [[Estonian Revolution]] -- ([[1917]])
 
* [[German Revolution]] -- ([[1918]]) -- Overthrow of the Kaiser by a workers' revolution, establishment of the [[Weimar Republic]].
 
* [[German Revolution]] -- ([[1918]]) -- Overthrow of the Kaiser by a workers' revolution, establishment of the [[Weimar Republic]].
 
* [[Algerian War of Independence|Algerian Revolution]] -- ([[1954]] - [[1962]]) -- Revolutionary war of independence against French [[imperialism]].
 
* [[Algerian War of Independence|Algerian Revolution]] -- ([[1954]] - [[1962]]) -- Revolutionary war of independence against French [[imperialism]].
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* [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|Hungarian Revolution]] -- ([[1956]]) Workers' and peasants' revolution against the imposed [[Stalinist]] dictatorship, suppressed by Soviet forces.
 
* [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|Hungarian Revolution]] -- ([[1956]]) Workers' and peasants' revolution against the imposed [[Stalinist]] dictatorship, suppressed by Soviet forces.
 
* [[Velvet Revolution]] -- ([[1989]]) Bloodless overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Czechoslovakia]].
 
* [[Velvet Revolution]] -- ([[1989]]) Bloodless overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Czechoslovakia]].
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* [[Singing Revolution]] -- ([[1988]]) Bloodless overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Estonia]].
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* [[Singing Revolution]] -- ([[1987]]-[[1989]]) Bloodless overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]].
 
* [[Romanian Revolution]] -- ([[1989]]) Overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Romania]].
 
* [[Romanian Revolution]] -- ([[1989]]) Overthrow of [[communism]] in [[Romania]].
  
 
====Communist revolutions====
 
====Communist revolutions====
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* [[Russian Revolution]] -- ([[1917]]) -- The most famous and influential modern revolution, culminating in the Bolshevik seizure of power and the establishment of the [[Soviet Union|USSR]].
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* [[October Revolution]] -- ([[1917]]) -- The most famous and influential modern revolution, culminating in the Bolshevik seizure of power and the establishment of the [[Soviet Union|USSR]].
 
* [[Mongolia (country)|Mongolia]] - [[1920]]
 
* [[Mongolia (country)|Mongolia]] - [[1920]]
 
* [[North Korea]] - [[1948]]
 
* [[North Korea]] - [[1948]]
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*[[Second Industrial Revolution]]
 
*[[Second Industrial Revolution]]
  
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[[Category:revolutions]]
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==See also==
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* [[revolution within revolution]]
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[[Category:Revolutions]]
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{{wikipedia|Revolution}}
  
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==Credits==
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[[de:Revolution]]
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*Article is adapted from [[wikipedia:revolution]] under the terms of [[GNU FDL]].
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[[eo:Revolucio]]
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[[fr:Révolution]]
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[[it:rivoluzione]]
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[[es:Revolución]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 25 February 2011

This article is about revolution in the sense of a drastic change. For other meanings of the word, see revolution (disambiguation).
  revolution is a popular tag and you can find media on this topic on Tag

A revolution is a relatively sudden and absolutely drastic change. This may be a change in the social or political institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its culture or economy. Some revolutions are led by the majority of the populace of a nation, others by a small band of revolutionaries. Compare rebellion.

Social and political revolutions[edit]

Political revolutions are often characterised by violence, and the vast changes in power structures that result can often result in further, institutionalised, violence, as in the Russian and French revolutions (with the "Purges" and "the Terror", respectively). A political revolution is the forcible replacement of one set of rulers with another (as happened in France and Russia), while a social revolution is the fundamental change in the social structure of a society, such as the Protestant Reformation or the Renaissance. However, blurring the line between these two categories, most political revolutions have basic philosophical or social underpinnings which drive the revolution. The most common of these underpinnings in the modern world have been liberal revolutions and Communist revolutions. In contrast, a coup d'etat often seeks to change nothing more than the current ruler.

Some political philosophers regard revolutions as the means of achieving their goals. Most anarchists advocate social revolution as the means of breaking down the structures of government and replacing them with nonhierarchal institutions, while Marxist communists take revolution to be one strategy, possibly accompanied by the use of electoral politics to take over, rather than overthrow, the institution of government, their aim being to create a communist society.

Social and political revolutions are often "institutionalized" when the ideas, slogans, and personalities of the revolution continue to play a prominent role in a country's political culture, long after the revolution's end. As mentioned, Communist nations regularly institutionalize their revolutions to legitimize the actions of their governments. Some non-communist nations, like the United States, France, or Mexico also have institutionalized revolutions, and continue to celebrate the memory of their revolutionary past through holidays, artwork, songs, and other venues.

Ancient revolutions[edit]

Anarchist revolutions[edit]

In addition to the below, anarchists influenced many other revolutions, in particular the Mexican Revolution (1910), the Russian Revolution of 1917 and rebellions such as the May 1968 revolt.

Liberal revolutions[edit]

Socialist revolutions[edit]

Anti-Soviet revolutions[edit]

Communist revolutions[edit]

Islamist revolutions[edit]

Cultural, intellectual, and philosophical revolutions[edit]

Technological revolutions[edit]

(although these revolutions always have an influence on culture)

See also[edit]

This article contains content from Wikipedia. Current versions of the GNU FDL article Revolution on WP may contain information useful to the improvement of this article WP
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