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anti-rival good
An anti-rival good is a good which is created and improved by reciprocal exchange for mutual benefit. Such goods, which are primarily enabled through network externalities, are public goods by way of being both non-excludable (in that one cannot be prevented from access to the good) and non-rival (or not reducing one wealth to benefit another); but they also benefit from not being distributed out of pure altruism, but being distributed for improvements to the good from other possessors of the good.
Free and open software, as well as free and open content, are leading examples of anti-rival goods; other anti-rival goods include language and most intellectually-derived works.
Outside of virtual and data-derived mediums[edit]
However, anti-rival goods are rare, if not existent, among physical objects and entities. While it is possible (and, often illegally, practiced) to create physical copies of other physical entities, the physical sources of both physical originals and copies are not as easily duplicable, as physical sources are primarily rivalrous goods which exist in certain places at certain times and which can be depleted when used too much.
Land, for example, is a highly-rivalrous and highly-excludable good of which only one instance exists, of which attempts have been made to extend the spread through reclamation from water-submerged areas, and over which conflicts have been fought to attain greater individual shares of the good. No attempts to make parallel clones of Earth's land formations through duplication of the entire planet are known to exist, and the feasibility of such an attempt is extremely-unlikely to be attained in the foreseeable future.
