Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan

Template:Infobox Film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (Paramount Pictures, 1982) is the second feature film based on the Star Trek science fiction television series. It was originally released to theatres as Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan, but is often referred to as ST2:TWOK or TWOK. It is widely regarded by fans as the best film of the series, and has been described as enjoyable by both fans and non-fans of Star Trek. This may be partly due to the tone and style of the film, which is firmly character-driven. The film starts a story arc trilogy spanning to Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.

>==Cast==

Actor	Role
William Shatner	Vice Admiral James T. Kirk
Leonard Nimoy	Captain Spock
DeForest Kelley	Commander (Dr.) Leonard "Bones" McCoy
James Doohan	Commander Montgomery Scott
George Takei	Commander Hikaru Sulu
Walter Koenig	Commander Pavel Chekov
Nichelle Nichols	Commander Uhura
Bibi Besch	Dr. Carol Marcus
Merritt Butrick	Dr. David Marcus
Paul Winfield	Captain Clark Terrell
Kirstie Alley	Lieutenant Saavik
Ricardo Montalban	Khan Noonien Singh
Judson Scott (uncredited)	Joachim, Khan's assistant

Plot summary

!—WARNING—!

Article below this line is likely to contain spoilers.

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File:Khan Noonien Singh.jpg

Ricardo Montalban as Khan

Building upon a previous Star Trek episode

In the Star Trek episode "Space Seed," the USS Enterprise stumbled upon Khan Noonien Singh and his followers in suspended animation aboard a "Sleeper ship" named the SS Botany Bay. Khan was awakened and found to have been genetically engineered for physical and mental superiority. Khan was imprisoned in his "guest" quarters when he was later identified as a murderous tyrant who fled defeat from late 20th century Earth. He escaped and revived his followers, fellow "supermen" who had helped him rule a quarter of the Earth during the 1990s. They seized control of the ship with the assistance of Enterprise officer Lieutenant Marla McGivers, who had fallen in love with Khan. After defeating Khan, Captain James T. Kirk gave him two choices: exile to the habitable planet Ceti Alpha V or imprisonment in a Federation penal colony. Khan replied by alluding to the words of Satan from Milton's poem Paradise Lost: "Better to rule in Hell than serve in Heaven."

Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan begins fifteen years later as Admiral James T. Kirk is spending his 52nd birthday reviewing a training exercise. As expected, Lieutenant Saavik has lost the "no-win" Kobayashi Maru scenario, "a test of character" rigged so that every cadet fails. When she questions her performance, Kirk assures her that "A no-win situation is a possibility every commander may face." Further, he counsels, "how we deal with death is at least as important as how we deal with life."

Admiral Kirk's birthday

Outside the training room, Kirk thanks Captain Spock, now commanding the Enterprise, for his birthday gift, an antique copy of A Tale of Two Cities. Spock returns to the Enterprise to prepare for Kirk's inspection, and Kirk goes home to his San Francisco apartment. Dr. Leonard McCoy arrives, bringing illegal Romulan ale for "medicinal purposes", and antique reading glasses as his gift; the latter are also practical, since Kirk is allergic to the medication (Retinax 5) normally used to treat age-related vision problems.

Kirk resumes brooding, prompting McCoy to question why they're treating his birthday like a funeral. He charges that Kirk is using his birthday as a pretense. The truth is that Kirk regrets no longer commanding a starship, and finds his duties as an admiral unsatisfying.

Captain Terrell and Commander Chekov encounter Khan

Meanwhile, the crew of the starship USS Reliant has found an apparently suitable test planet for Project Genesis in Ceti Alpha VI. Over subspace, molecular biologist Dr. Carol Marcus — head of the project team aboard Spacelab Regula One — emphasizes that the planet must be completely lifeless: "There can't be so much as a microbe, or the show's off."

Captain Clark Terrell and first officer Commander Pavel Chekov beam down to the planet to check, but lifeless it is not. They discover Starfleet-type cargo containers with signs of human habitation, but no people. When Chekov discovers a seatbelt with "Botany Bay" as an inscription, he becomes terrified. He tells Terrell they have to leave immediately, but Khan and his followers are outside waiting, and capture them.

Khan's plot for revenge against Kirk

Khan's history is briefly retold in an exchange with Chekov, whom Khan remembers from before (see below, "Space Seed" actually was before Koenig joined the cast). When Khan says that Kirk marooned them "here," Chekov accuses him of lying, because they were left on Ceti Alpha V. Khan angrily bursts out, "This is Ceti Alpha V! Ceti Alpha VI exploded six months after we were left here." The shock shifted Ceti Alpha V's orbit such that it went from merely inhospitable to nearly unsurvivable.

Khan now realizes the Reliant mistook the planet as Ceti Alpha VI and that Chekov and Terrell hadn't expected to find him there at all. He questions his prisoners about their mission, but they remain silent. Khan then uses the slug-like young of "Ceti Alpha V's only surviving indigenous life-form" — the ceti eels, to which he says he lost his wife — to gain control of Terrell and Chekov. The creatures enter through their victims' ear canals and wrap themselves around the cerebral cortex of each officer, leaving them in a highly suggestible state. Khan nods with satisfaction, and questions Terrell and Chekov : "That's better. Now tell me, why are you here? And tell me where I may find...James Kirk." Khan and his people then use Terrell and Chekov to commandeer the Reliant, and leave her crew behind on Ceti Alpha V.

Miscommunication and redirection of Enterprise

As Kirk inspects the trainee crew on the Enterprise, setting out on a training cruise, he receives a garbled and enigmatic message from Carol Marcus. In it, she complains of Kirk's apparent order — relayed by the brainwashed Chekov at Khan's direction — that the Genesis Device be transferred to the Reliant upon its arrival at the spacelab. When communications become completely jammed, he assumes command from Spock and diverts the Enterprise to Regula to investigate.

En route to Regula One, the Enterprise encounters the Reliant, which doesn't respond to hails. Saavik starts to quote General Order Twelve, but Spock interrupts her: "Lieutenant, the admiral is well aware of the regulations." In a serious lapse of judgment, Kirk ignores the standing orders to take a defensive posture, including raising the Enterprise's shields, when the Reliant remains silent. A voice message from the Reliant claims that the starship's Chambers coil is overloading its communications system, a claim that Spock's scans immediately refute.

The first battle between Enterprise and Reliant

With the ships nearly on top of each other, the Reliant raises her shields and locks phasers on the Enterprise. Kirk orders the shields to be raised, but too late: the Reliant scores a direct hit on the Enterprise's engine room. Reliant then fires a torpedo into the saucer section, and hails the crippled Enterprise to discuss terms of surrender. On visual, a smug Khan can hardly contain his glee as he declares he is avenging himself on Kirk. Kirk offers to surrender himself and beam over, if Khan will let the Enterprise and its crew go. Khan accepts if Kirk also turns over all information the Enterprise has on Project Genesis — a good sign, notes Spock, as it means Khan didn't find any Genesis data at the Regula station. Kirk stalls, claiming difficulty in retrieving the data. This allows Kirk and Spock precious moments to retrieve the Reliant's security access prefix code from the Enterprise's computers. The transmitted code lowers the Reliant's shields, allowing the Enterprise to use its last bit of phaser power to damage the Reliant enough to force its retreat.

In the Director's Edition and the earlier ABC television version, Peter Preston's death scene in Sickbay is extended to include an exchange between Kirk and McCoy, wherein Kirk laments his earlier lapse of judgment: "We're alive only because I knew something about these ships that he (Khan) didn't."

Arrival at Regula I

The Enterprise limps its way to Regula I. Kirk, McCoy and Saavik beam onto the station and find the staff brutally murdered, all the computer memory banks erased, and Terrell and Chekov locked in a storage container in stunned shock. Discovering that something was beamed into the center of the Regula planetoid, which the station orbits, Kirk calls the Enterprise and receives a very grave damage report. He instructs Spock that if the landing party doesn't signal within one hour, the Enterprise crew must restore what power they can and head for the nearest starbase. The five beam to those coordinates and discover three survivors: Carol Marcus, David Marcus, and Jedda, another scientist. David attacks Kirk, believing that he killed the people left behind on Regula I. While he apparently recognizes Kirk, he may or may not realize that Kirk is his father (in an earlier line in the movie, he calls Kirk an "overgrown Boy Scout (Carol) used to hang around with"). Kirk definitely doesn't realize the young man is his son. Kirk asks Carol, "Is that David?" with surprise, suggesting that he hadn't seen David in years, perhaps not since birth.

File:kirk scream.jpg

Adm. James T. Kirk shrieks his famous line, "Khaaan!"

Terrell and Chekov suddenly pull out their phasers, order them all not to move, and Terrell then contacts the Reliant. David Marcus, angered by Terrell and Chekov's apparent betrayal, rushes Terrell, who accidentally vaporizes Jedda when he fires his phaser at David. Khan then orders Terrell to kill Kirk, but Terrell struggles with the order, and turns his phaser on himself. Chekov collapses as the mind-controlling Ceti eel exits his body. Kirk kills the eel with a phaser, then challenges Khan to come down to kill him, but Khan simply beams up Genesis, and the following interaction ensues:

Khan: "I've done far worse than kill you. I've hurt you. And I wish to go on hurting you. I shall leave you as you left me, as you left her: marooned for all eternity in the center of a dead planet, buried alive. Buried alive."

Kirk: "Khaaan!" [echoes] ^{audio clip}

The "Genesis cave"

Carol suggests to her son that he show McCoy and Saavik the "Genesis cave," with food "enough for a lifetime, if necessary," to ensure an opportunity to talk privately with Kirk. Her subsequent dialogue with Kirk reveals she was his old love, and that David is their son. She held custody because she wanted him with her, "not chasing around the universe like his father."

Saavik and McCoy are amazed when David shows them how the Genesis Device transformed the interior of the Regula planetoid into a life-rich environment. But now unable to hail the Enterprise, they worry more for the ship and crew than for themselves. After relating the tale of how he was the only cadet to beat the Kobayashi Maru, Kirk surprises everyone by contacting Spock: their exchange before beaming down was a ruse to trick Khan, who they knew would likely be intercepting and monitoring any transmissions. Spock beams the party aboard, and Kirk begins thinking of how they can escape the Reliant, which is not as badly damaged and still has more firepower.

File:Enterprise (TWOK).jpg

The Enterprise is hit by the Reliant's phasers in the Mutara Nebula.

The second battle between Enterprise and Reliant

Kirk manages to lure Khan into the nearby Mutara Nebula, where he subsequently outmaneuvers him by taking advantage of all three dimensions of space, but not before they were able to score some direct hits on each other. With the Reliant disabled and about to be boarded, Khan sets the Genesis Device to detonate. The Enterprise lost warp power in the initial battle, and on limited impulse, has no chance to escape. Spock, unnoticed in the desperation, goes down to Engineering. He is about to enter the reactor room when McCoy stops him, saying "No human can tolerate the radiation that's in there!" Spock replies that as McCoy himself frequently points out, he isn't human; he then distracts McCoy and nerve-pinches him, apologizing that he has "no time to discuss this logically." Pressing his hand against McCoy's forehead to initiate a mind-meld, Spock intones "Remember". Spock then enters the room and successfully makes repairs amidst heavy radiation streams. On the bridge, a cadet monitoring the Engineering station announces that the main engines have come back online. With seconds to spare, Kirk orders Commander Hikaru Sulu to engage the warp engines, and the Enterprise narrowly escapes just as the Genesis Device detonates.

File:Genesis Device.jpg

Genesis Device on Activation

The Price

The final victory over Khan comes at a tragic price: even Spock's half-Vulcan body cannot withstand the lethal dosage of radiation he has suffered. Kirk races to engineering, arriving only in time to exchange a few brief words with his former first officer and closest friend. After Spock satisfies himself that the ship is out of danger, he states that it was "logical" because "the needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few." Spock then declares his friendship for Kirk, offers the traditional Vulcan greeting ("Live long and prosper") and then dies.

At the very emotional funeral, Kirk eulogizes his old friend, and Spock's body, encapsulated in a photon torpedo case, is launched onto the newly formed Genesis planet. Afterward, David comes to his father's quarters to make peace: "I'm proud, very proud, to be your son."

"I feel young"

The final scene on the Enterprise features a captain's log voice over entry by Kirk (indicating the Enterprise will head to Ceti Alpha V to rescue the Reliant's stranded crew), followed by a brief conversation between Kirk, McCoy, and Carol on the Enterprise bridge as they wistfully watch the new Genesis Planet on the view screen. Both the log entry and the conversation are steeped in symbolism, and muse provocatively about how Spock's death may not be an end:

Kirk (voice over): "Captain's log, star date 8141.6. Starship Enterprise departing for Ceti Alpha V to pick up the crew of U.S.S. Reliant. All is well. And yet I can't help wondering about the friend I leave behind. 'There are always possibilities,' Spock said. And if Genesis is indeed life from death, I must return to this place again."
McCoy: "He's really not dead, as long as we remember him."
Kirk: "'It's a far, far better thing I do than I have ever done before. It’s a far better resting place that I go to than I have ever known.'"
Carol: "Is that a poem?"
Kirk: "No. Something Spock was trying to tell me on my birthday."
McCoy: "You okay, Jim? How do you feel?"
Kirk: "Young (voice cracking). I feel young."

The Spock voiceover

We see the surface of the new Genesis planet, with Spock's torpedo tube lying in a clearing in the middle of one of the newly created forests. Then, at the end, the Genesis planet and its primary are shown, with a voiceover of Spock saying, "Space...the final frontier. These are the continuing voyages of the starship Enterprise. Her on-going mission: to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life-forms and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone... before." Template:Endspoiler

Themes

File:Kirk spock.jpg

Kirk and Spock in an intense moment.

!—WARNING—!

Article below this line is likely to contain spoilers.

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The Wrath of Khan is in some ways a story of Kirk's mid-life crisis. Unsure of his place in the world, unable to break out of his rut as an admiral, it takes his encounter with Khan and his assumption of responsibility for an untried crew to show him where he truly belongs. Unfortunately, the price is high.

Kirk was well-known for bending and breaking rules for expediency; in fact, in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country, Klingon General Chang accused him of being a "career-minded opportunist" because of how often Kirk disobeyed orders. Kirk chose to ignore Starfleet regulations in the first battle with Khan, and he paid for it dearly, both in the deaths of novice crew members, and ultimately in Spock's supreme sacrifice that saved the ship from Khan's final gambit. Spock's death is widely regarded as one of the most powerful scenes in the history of Star Trek, and when Kirk himself died in Star Trek: Generations, many critics claimed that the scene failed to live up to the standard set by this film.

Ultimately the film is about life, death, and rebirths, and the relationships between two generations: Kirk with David, his son; Scotty with Peter Preston, his nephew; Spock with Saavik, his protege; and Khan with Joachim, one of his henchmen.

Unable to see past his hatred, unable to conceive what life he might still have ahead of him, Khan took his people on a mission of death and, ultimately, suicide. Kirk, by contrast, refused to give in to hate, and through his love for his friends he found a new life for himself. He was also able to bridge the gulf between himself and his son, and his rapproachment with David in many ways best represents the emotional core of the film.

We also see the friendship between Kirk, Spock and McCoy portrayed in greater depth than ever before. In the movie, Kirk is the captain, the head of the ship, and his orders are the final word. McCoy serves to represent the more passionate and romantic aspect of the three, encouraging Kirk to follow his more 'human,' emotional, side. Spock is the logical one, and he tempers McCoy's influences, and provides a more rational, calculated view of things. Their friendship is like a tripod, each highlighting the others in an affecting way, and in this sense the film may be regarded as developing a relationship and theme important to the original TV series.

The Kobayashi Maru test is representative of the no-win scenario. As a cadet, Kirk essentially cheated by secretly reprogramming the simulator so that he could win. In doing so, he missed the whole point. Kirk has made a career of being able to gamble and win, of outwitting his opponents and always having a clever, ingenious trick up his sleeve, even when his opponent is smarter and stronger than he. Kirk himself sums it up: "I've cheated death, tricked my way out of death, and patted myself on the back for my ingenuity. I know nothing." Because of this, he feels that he has never truly faced death because he has been cheating it all his life. Spock's ultimate sacrifice taught him the true lesson of the Kobayashi Maru test: "How we face death is at least as important as how we face life."

In the end, Kirk also realizes that Spock's choice of A Tale of Two Cities as a birthday gift did have a message behind it (despite Spock's claim to the contrary): Kirk may have lived half of his life already, but the possibilities the next half contains could be just as exciting. And so, at the end of the film, Kirk sees his life with a new sense of hope, as opposed to the melancholy he felt at the beginning of the film.

During the film, Khan quotes extensively from Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick (just as Picard does in Star Trek: First Contact), while Kirk quotes from Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities. Each character in some ways follows the path of the protagonist of their respective books. Template:endspoiler

Production

After the release of Star Trek: The Motion Picture, executive producer Gene Roddenberry wrote his own sequel, involving a plot he had touted before in which the crew of the Enterprise travel back through time to assassinate John F. Kennedy and set a corrupted time line right (a storyline that would eventually become an episode of Red Dwarf). This sequel was turned down by Paramount executives, who blamed the relative failure of the first movie on the constant rewrites demanded by Roddenberry (he was ultimately removed from the production and reduced to an advisory position).

Star Trek II's story is instead a rewrite of three separate scripts: "The Omega Device" by Jack Sowards, involving the theft of the Federation's ultimate weapon; a script featuring Saavik by Samuel Peeples; and a script featuring Khan by Harve Bennett. Director Meyer wrote a new script in a matter of weeks using the best pieces of plot and the best characters from all three.

The resulting film was directed by Nicholas Meyer, who later directed Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. According to Meyer, "The Undiscovered Country", a quotation of William Shakespeare, was also a working title for The Wrath of Khan. It was changed, without Meyer's consent, by studio executives. Meyer has said that the studio's initial new title was The Vengeance of Khan, and that he had to remind studio heads that George Lucas was at that time working on his 3rd Star Wars film with the working title of Revenge of the Jedi.

Meyer notes that prior to starting the film, he read many or all of the Horatio Hornblower novels, and thus imprinted the nautical "atmosphere" of the Royal Navy into the film.

Early prints of the film lacked the "II" in the main title, and the film was often referred to as "Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan" in publicity materials. It has been suggested that the "II" was initially left out of the movie so as to avoid any reminders of the fact that this film followed Star Trek: The Motion Picture, which had received many lukewarm reviews from fans and critics.

The film was much more action-oriented than its New-Age-minded predecessor, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, but Star Trek II was much less costly to make, with a modest special effects budget and TV production schedule. Indeed, the project was supervised not by Paramount's theatrical division, but by its television unit, and produced by Harve Bennett, a respected TV veteran (The Six Million Dollar Man, The Bionic Woman, and the miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man). Bennett produced the next three films in the series as well, and appeared in a cameo as Admiral Robert Bennett in his series valedictory Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.

At a budget of US $11,000,000 in 1982 dollars (approximately US $23,000,000 in 2006 dollars), as of 2006 Star Trek II was the cheapest Star Trek motion picture to have been made to date, which was due to requirements placed on the production given the cost overruns of its predecessor Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Star Trek II is still the cheapest even when one adjusts for inflation; most of the film was shot on the same set, as the bridge of the Reliant was a redress of the Enterprise’s bridge and the "bridge simulator" (from the opening scene) was a simple reuse of that set.

Star Trek II re-used many models from the first film, including the three Klingon battle cruisers in each movie's opening scene. Also it used the same shots of the docked Enterprise that were used in Star Trek: The Motion Picture, but these shots were greatly shortened. (One criticism of Star Trek: Generations is that it reused footage of an exploding Klingon Bird of Prey, but such recycling is nothing new in Hollywood.) Nevertheless, Star Trek II owes its considerable success to being primarily a character vehicle. By any reasonable account, Star Trek II rescued the Star Trek franchise.Template:Or

The James Horner score is markedly different from Jerry Goldsmith's score for the Star Trek: The Motion Picture, switching from Goldsmith's dark, heavy themes to a sound evocative of seafaring and swashbuckling. A portion of the score draws heavily on Sergei Prokofiev's "Battle on the Ice" from the score for the movie Alexander Nevsky. The opening and closing titles also feature the return of Alexander Courage's well-known Star Trek theme (which was only used briefly by Goldsmith), and the voiceover from the original series ("Space...the final frontier...."), this time read by Leonard Nimoy before the closing credits roll. This was Horner's first major film score, and musical cues from it appear in many of his later projects, including Cocoon and Aliens. Despite the differences, Horner did borrow one signature sound from Goldsmith's earlier soundtrack: a very deep string tone (produced by the "blaster beam"), used to accentuate moments of tension and danger.

A "No Smoking" sign can be seen on the wall in the Bridge Simulator at the beginning of the movie.

Expectations and critical reception

In its departures in tone and subject matter from the previous film, TWOK seemsTemplate:Or to have been influenced by the 1979 movie Alien, from the unexpected discovery of an ancient space wreck on a desolate planet, to macroscopic alien body parasites, characters with hidden conflicts of loyalty, secret weapons research, and even various details around the destruction of the Reliant versus that of the Nostromo. It is also the first Star Trek episode or movie where damage to the outer hull of the Enterprise is seen (and incidentally also the only TOS film in which we see a ship fire its phasers.) TWOK is the only Star Trek film where the antagonists are all human, albeit they are for the most part genetically-engineered supermen.

File:Kirk-Savik.jpg

Admiral Kirk helps the inexperienced Lieutenant Saavik (Kirstie Alley) remote-access the helm of the Reliant.

During filming, rumors abounded among fans that Spock would die (it is speculated in Shatner's memoir that the primary lifegiver to these rumors was Gene Roddenberry). Meyer didn't want this expectation to overshadow the rest of the film, so he scripted Spock's "death" in the first scene - the character pretends to be dead in a training exercise, slumping against a wall - so as to mislead viewers into being surprised at the film's ending. After the first scene, as Kirk and Spock left the training facility, Kirk quipped, "Aren't you dead?" Originally, Spock's death was supposed to be permanent, as Nimoy no longer wished to appear in future sequels. But as Nimoy has said, he changed his mind after his good experiences during filming, hence the mind-meld with McCoy before he goes to certain death in the engine room, and Kirk's musing that he must return to Genesis. Nicholas Meyer did not contribute to the scenes in which Spock's tube is visible on Genesis as it was his intention that Spock's death be irrevocable.

"Star Trek II" grossed $78,912,963 in the U.S. and $97,000,000 worldwide. Although it made significantly less than "The Motion Picture," it was more profitable due to its lower $11,000,000 budget [1]. The film earned $14,347,221 in its opening weekend at the US box office, at the time the largest opening weekend gross in history.

Though Arthur C. Clarke did not include The Wrath of Khan in his list of best science fiction films ever made, he "brooded over" the omission.

Franchise follow-up

Around 1982, an Atari video game based on the film was developed, but was not released.

In the computer game, Starfleet Academy, a variant of the initial encounter with the Reliant is used as a training exercise for the player's character. As Captain Kirk sheepishly notes as he introduces the exercise, it is intended to teach the importance of obeying the standing orders of raising defenses when a sister ship of the fleet is encountered but refuses to communicate.

The film introduces Star Trek fans to the "red jacket" uniform (a red double-breasted tunic over a color-coded turtleneck shirt), widely regarded as one of the most popular and attractive Star Trek costumes in comparison to the colored shirts and tunics of the original series and The Next Generation. In addition, the fictional history of Star Trek indicates that the uniform seen in Star Trek II, adopted sometime between the events of The Motion Picture and The Wrath of Khan, was one of the longest issued uniforms of Starfleet, lasting well into the 24th century. (Later versions of this uniform, as glimpsed at in several TNG episodes, would see the turtlenecks replaced by crewneck shirts and the belt eliminated.)

Character and actor notes

Kirk and Shatner

Nicholas Meyer reported on the DVD that he did endless takes with William Shatner so that Shatner would get tired of doing his usual overblown performance as Kirk and fall into a more natural performance.

Among the "antiques" visible in Kirk's San Francisco apartment is an ancient home computer that is recognizably (based on the trapezoidal shape of its monitor) a Commodore PET. At the time Star Trek II was filmed, Shatner was the celebrity pitchman for Commodore computers. (In the DVD commentary for the Director's Edition, the computer is pointed out but referred to as a Commodore 64.)

Khan and Montalban

Admiral James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and Khan Noonien Singh (Ricardo Montalban) were never actually face-to-face at any point during the film. All of their interactions are over the viewscreen or through communicators. Shatner describes in his book Star Trek Movie Memories (ISBN 0-06-017617-2) how their scenes were filmed four months apart.

It was reported that Montalban took a substantial pay cut to reprise his role of Khan, because he enjoyed playing the character so much.

There were some questionsTemplate:Whom as to whether Montalban had prosthetics applied to his chest, to make him appear more muscular during his scenes as Khan. Montalban himself, as well as numerous people associated with the production of the movie, actively refuted it, saying that those muscles really were his, and citing the fact that, even going into his 60s, Montalban was physically very active, and worked out regularly. Nicholas Meyer, in the audio commentary of the Director's Cut makes it clear that Montalban is not wearing a prosthetic chest.

In the original Star Trek series, Khan was the result of a "selective breeding" program, a loose and inoffensive reference to the Aryan race. However, in the movie, genetic modification was also hinted at quite strongly. This genetic modification idea was continued in further references to the Eugenics Wars in the later Star Trek series.

Khan, despite never having encountered Klingons, asks "do you know the Klingon proverb that tells that revenge is a dish that is best served cold?" It is really from the 18th-century novel Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons), written by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos. The line could also be read as Khan asking if Kirk knows the Klingon equivalent to the proverb, though this reading is less common.

Others

During the funeral scene for Spock, James Doohan actually played the bagpipes.Template:Dubious It was originally intended that the piped version of "Amazing Grace" be continued into the exterior shot, but the choice was made in post-production to switch to an orchestrated version after the scene left the torpedo room.

The film features a cameo of Transporter Chief Kyle (John Winston) from The Original Series. Kyle is now a Lieutenant Commander and serving as Communications Officer aboard the USS Reliant.

The film is notable for being the first major role for Kirstie Alley, who played Lieutenant Saavik. The character of Saavik, and in particular Alley's portrayal of her, resonated with fans. Alley declined to continue her participation in Star Trek and in the next two films Saavik was portrayed by Robin Curtis. (Several reasons for Alley declining to return have been suggested; Shatner's movie memoir, for example, suggests that Kirstie Alley's salary requests were at the root of her decision not to reprise her role.) Valeris in Star Trek VI was originally supposed to be Saavik, but Gene Roddenberry changed the character, in part, because it was noted that most fans would never have accepted that Saavik consciously betrayed the Federation. (Director Nicholas Meyer took exception to this, pointing out that he created the character of Saavik and knew her better than Roddenberry.)

In the novelization by Vonda N. McIntyre, Star Trek: The Wrath of Khan (which was based on the shooting script for the movie), Saavik's heritage is revealed to be half-Romulan (this revelation was cut from the final film). In addition, Sulu is given the rank of Captain in the book, and is soon to command the U.S.S. Excelsior (deleted footage includes mention that Admiral Kirk had signed orders granting Sulu the captaincy of the Excelsior, however this was omitted from the final film, and the appearances of the vessel in later films do not reflect this original plot point, though Sulu is made a captain.)

Mark Lenard, who portrayed the Klingon captain in the first film, and Sarek in three of the four following films, wanted to appear in this one too. But Sarek wasn't in this film, and with the exception of Saavik and Spock, there were no other alien roles.

The composer of the soundtrack James Horner makes a cameo appearance as a crew technician in an Enterprise corridor scene.

In popular culture

In the Seinfeld television series episode, "The Foundation," Jerry paraphrases a line from this film in an attempt to console the parents of George's late wife, Susan. As a result, Susan's parents founded a charitable organization in her honor and appoint George to sit on its board of directors, much to his dismay. The premise climaxes with George exclaiming "Khaaan!"

Khaaan.com is a website featuring a video clip of Kirk shouting "Khaaan!", complete with audio. The site is occasionally linked to on internet forums when expressing strong dismay in response to another post.

Some of the footage from the Genesis Device demo video in the film appeared in the laserdisk arcade game Astron Belt. The commentary on the director's edition DVD for the film claims that the visual of the Genesis Device's impact on a barren planet is the first CGI effect ever used in a movie, although in truth, Futureworld was actually the first, using pioneering 3D graphics to animate a hand and face almost six years earlier. The Wrath of Khan was released in the United States 35 days before the release of Walt Disney Pictures' CGI-intensive Tron , released on July 9, 1982. Pixar, which at the time was a division of Industrial Light and Magic contributed to both films.

In his book Ranting Again, comedian Dennis Miller references "The needs of the many outweight the needs of the few."

In the Family Guy episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein," William Shatner stars in a production of Fiddler on the Roof but inexplicably shouts "Khaaan!" during his performance. In a later episode, "Road to Rupert" Stewie, fearing the death of his titular teddy bear, imagines himself as Kirk talking about Spock in the funeral scene stating "of all the souls I ever knew ... his was the most ... human". The homage continues to the point of showing Rupert shot out into space and dawn breaking over the planet.

In the Robot Chicken sketch, "Two Kirks, a Khan, and a Pizza Place", starring Admiral Kirk, Kirk Cameron, and Khan, Khan is at the cash register of the pizza place and knocks over the tip jar, causing Admiral Kirk to shout "Khaan!" The customers run screaming from the restaurant.

File:Ent reliant.jpg

Enterprise and Reliant face off in the Mutara Nebula.

Problems and Inconsistencies

• In previous episodes, such as "The Doomsday Machine" Star Fleet ships are shown as able to scan the make-up of entire star systems before entering them. This makes the Reliant's mistaken identification of Ceti Alpha V highly unlikely. The presence of a new asteroid belt in Ceti Alpha VI's place would have been extremely noticeable. The explosion of an outer planet would conceivably push an inner planet further in, making Ceti Alpha V more easily confused with Ceti Alpha IV.
• Khan's recognition of Chekov is a retcon, since "Space Seed" was produced before the character of Chekov was added to the television series. A humorous anecdote Walter Koenig likes to tell at conventions about Khan's recognition of Chekov: while Khan still had free reign of the Enterprise, he entered one of the ship's bathrooms. After waiting for Chekov to leave the only stall, and leaving Khan with no toilet paper, Khan exclaims "I never forget a face, Mr. Chekov!"
• After Khan's first attack on the Enterprise, Scotty brings the badly injured body of his nephew, Peter Preston, to the bridge rather than directly to sickbay. Preston seems to survive for a long period while conscious and able to speak, making it odd that McCoy wasn't able to heal his injuries using 23rd Century medical technology.
• Kirk's immortal and often parodied scream of "Khhhhaaaaaaaan!" is extremely bizarre since the taunting that provoked it concerned Khan trapping Kirk and company for "all eternity" inside the Regula asteroid. At this point Kirk knew full well they would be rescued by the adequately functional Enterprise. All parties should have also realized a supply ship would be visiting an important research station sooner or later.
• Even though they were equipped with full hazard gear and facing an absolute death sentence, no one in engineering, including Scotty, was willing to reactivate the ship's warp engines due to intense radiation. Strangely enough Deanna Troi faced a similar situation during her Bridge Officer Test in The Next Generation episode "Thine Own Self". The solution was to order Chief Engineer Laforge to his death in order to save the rest of the crew. This could be seen as a serious lapse in judgement by both Kirk and Scotty.
• A major break in the movie's own continuity occurs when the Genesis torpedo, originally portrayed as merely a surface terraforming device, is able to not only create a planet from surrounding nebulous material but also a yellow star at exactly the correct distance to foster an M-Class world. The next movie explains the failure of the Genesis planet is due to a use of a controversial susbstance in the Genesis Device, when a more logical explanation would be that the terraforming device was not designed to explode inside the armored hull of a warship thus using the ship and the surrounding nebula as raw materials instead of a lifeless planet.
• A burial at sea is usually only performed when it is impractical to return the body to shore. It is never explained why Kirk jettisons Spock without his family's permission and much to the horror and outrage of Spock's father, Sarek, as seen in the following film.

External links

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