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German graphemes
From Anarchopedia
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This grapheme table can be used to determine or approximate the pronunciation of a German word. Possible phonemes are separated by a comma, eventual allophones are enclosed between parentheses, the notation used is ASCII-IPA (Kirshenbaum).
| grapheme | phonemes | notes |
|---|---|---|
| -a- | /a/, /a:/ | |
| -ä- | ||
| -b- | /b/ | see also -b |
| -b | /p/ | |
| -c- | /k/ | see also -ch-, -ce-, -ci-, -cy-, -cä-, -cö- |
| -d- | /d[/, /d/ | see also -d |
| -d | /t[/, /t/ | |
| -e- | /e:/, /E/ | |
| -f- | /f/ | |
| -g- | /g/ | see also -g |
| -g | /k/ | |
| -h- | //, /x/ | |
| -i- | /i:/, /i/ | |
| -j- | /i/ | |
| -k- | /k/ | |
| -l- | /l[/, /l/ | |
| -m- | /m/ | |
| -n- | /n/, /n[/ | |
| -o- | /o:/, /O/ | |
| -ö- | /uE/ | |
| -p- | /p/ | |
| -q- | /k/ | see also: -qu- |
| -r- | /r<trl>/ | |
| -s- | /s/ | |
| -t- | /t/, /t[/ | |
| -u- | /u:/, /u/ | |
| -ü- | /y:/ | |
| -v- | /v/, /f/ (rarely) | see also -v |
| -v | /f/ | |
| -w- | /v/ | |
| -x- | /ks/ | |
| -y- | /y/, /i:/ | |
| -z- | /ts/ | |
| digraphs | ||
| -ae- | umlaut, see -ä- | |
| -äu- | /Oi/ | |
| -au- | ||
| -ch- | /k/, /sh/, /tsh/ | |
| -eu- | ||
| -ie- | ||
| -oe- | see -ö- | |
| -qu- | /kv/ | |
| -ue- | see -ü- | |
| -tz- | ||
| trigraphs | ||
| -ach | ||
| -aeu- | umlaut, see -äu- | |
| -ich | ||
