Freedom for all - Introduction to anarchism

Freedom for all

...and natural respect for that freedom. Such are the essential conditions of international solidarity - Bakunin

An introduction to anarchism

Over the last few years, the resurgence of revolutionary anarchism has caught the attention of the world. The role of anarchists in the emerging anti-globalizing movement, at Seattle, Prague, Gothenburg, Genoa, La Paz and Porto Allegre - where we have been in the forefront of militant resistance - has been widely reported in the media.

The New York times recently proclaimed "anarchism: the idea that refuses to die," whilst SAPA, not to be outdone, blamed the anarchist "black bloc" for the disruption of the G8 summit in Genoa, Italy. But what is the anarchist movement? What does it want? Where is it going? And how do you get involved? This pamphlet, based on the work by black panther-turned-Anarchist Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin, answers these questions.

Anarchism is not about violence or chaos

Anarchists are libertarian socialists: we want the abolition of the capitalist system that systematically impoverishes billions, that crushes individual freedom, that twists and destroys human lives in the interests of profit for the few, that threatens the future of life itself through an ever-increasing ecological crisis.

But thids is not enough. The problem of capitalism is not simply a problem of poverty. It is a problem of social freedom. Capitalism does not just impoverish economically. It also destroys communities, solidarity, freedom, equality and human dignity. It produces and reproduces horrific forms of social and economic oppression, such as racism and discrimination against women.

Capitalism controls us through undemocratic workplaces, schools, and local governments, through structures that serve to systematically disempower ordinary people, enslaving us to a profit system that cannot benefit the majority because all governments serve the capitalist class first and foremost, and act as organs of repression against ordinary people.

For this reason, we believe in the need to replace capitalist governments with a confederations of workplace and community counsils based on direct democracy, participation, immediate recallability and strict mandates. These structures will allow self-management throughout our lives as opposed to the fraud of parliamentary democracy that does nothing but provide jobs for the ambitious politicians and sell-outs.

It is only the working class and peasantry - organized within and across countries, across "race", national and gender lines on an anti-capitalist, anti-statist, anti-racist, anti-imperialist and anti-sexist programme - that can crush capitalism and their governments.

Through the use of direct action - not elections or lobbying, not praying nor leaders - rooted in the mass organizations based on internal democracy - we can begin to challenge the capitalist "order" and build organs of mass power that can supplant capitalism, burying it so that we and our children can begin to live a decent life, as human beings. We must organize on an anti-authoritarian basis, as opposed to the capitalist model of organization: sitting passively and taking orders from leaders, bosses and central comittees.

Only the woring class can free the working class. dictatorship and authoritarianism are never progressive, and have, time and again, destroyed working class movements. Authoritarian politics -including mainstream Marxism- has consistently throttled the self-intitiative and self-organization of the masses in favour of a small vanguard of incompetent leaders. And these leaders have, at best, only succeeded in establishing new dictatorships and new forms of capitalism, as happened in the soviet union and as continues to happen today in Cuba and China.

We need an alernative to capitalism. Sweatshops, casual labour, racism, imperialst war, poverty, massive unemployment, privatization, child prostitution on the streets, growing police brutality, neo-liberalism. These are the face of capitalism in the twenty first century.

This pamphlet, and the ideas it expresses so clearly, point to this alternative.

Read it, Study it, and get involved!

Introduction

"Anarchy is society organizing without authority, meaning by authority the power to impose one's own will... authority not only is not neccesary for the social organization but, far from benefiting it, lives on it parasitically, hampers it's development, and uses it's advantages for the special benefit of a particular class which exploits and oppresses the others." Errico Malatesta l'agitazione,June 4 1897

"Anarchism (from the Gr. , and , contrary to authority) is the name given to a principle or theory of life and conduct under which society is conceived without government - harmony in such a society being obtained, not by submission to law, or by obedience to any authority, but by free agreements concluded between the various groups, territorial and professional, freely constituted for the sake of production and consumption, as also for the satisfaction of the infinite variety of needs and aspirations of a civilized being. In a society developed on these lines, the voluntary associations which exist already now begin to cover all the fields of human activity would take a still greater extension so as to substitute themselves for the state in all its functions. They would represent an interwoven network, composed of an infinite variety of groups and federations of all sizes and degrees, local, regional, national and international temporary or more or less permanent - for all possible purposes: production, consumption and exchange, communications, sanitary arrangements, education, mutual protection, defence of the territory, and so on; and, on the other side, for the satisfaction of an ever-increasing number of scientific, artistic, literary and sociable needs. Moreover, such a society would represent nothing immutable. On the contrary - as is seen in organic life at large - harmony would (it is contended) result from an ever-changing adjustment and readjustment of equilibrium between the multitudes of forces and influences, and this adjustment would be the easier to obtain as none of the forces would enjoy a special protection from the state. "

(Kropotkin in "Anarchism", from The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910

"All men are equal and free: society by nature, and destination, is therefore autonomous and ungovernable. If the sphere of activity of each citizen is determined by the natural division of work and by the choice he makes of a profession, if the social functions are combined in such a way as to produce a harmonious effect, order results from the free activity of all men; there is no government. Whoever puts a hand on me to govern me is an usurper and a tyrant; I declare him my enemy."

(From 'Les Confessions d'un Revolutionnaire’, 1849)

Anarchists and anarchism have historically been misrepresented to the world. The popular idea of an anarchist as an uncontrollably emotional, violent person who is only interested in destruction for it's own sake, and who is opposed to all forms of organization, still exists to this day. Further, the mistaken belief that anarchy is chaos and confusion, a reign of rape, murder and mindlessness - total disorder and insanity - is widely believed by the general public.

This impression is still widely believed because people from all political groups have conciously been promoting this lie for years. All who strive to oppress and exploit the working class, and gain power for themselves, whether they come from the right or the left, will always be threathened by anarchism. This is because anarchists hold that all authority and coercion must be struggled against. In fact, we want to get rid oif the greatest cause of violence throughout history - governments. To anarchists, a capitalist democratic government is no better than a fascist or a communist regime, because the ruling class only differs in the amount of violence they authorize their police and army to use and the degree of rights they will allow, if any. Through war, police repression, social neglect, and political repression, millions of people have been killed by governments, whether trying to defend or overthrow a government. Anarchists want to end this slaughter, and build a society based on peace and freedom.

What is anarchism?

Anarchism is free or libertarian socialism. Anarchists are opposed to government (the people who make the laws), the state (the people who impose the laws) and capitalists ( the people who the laws are made for). Therefor, simply speaking, anarchism is a no government form of socialism.

"in common with all socialists, the anarchists hold that the private ownership of land, capital and machinery has had it's time; that it is condemned to dissapear, and that all requisites for production must and will, become the common property of society, and be managed in common by the producers of wealth"

Peter Kropotkin

"If I were asked to answer the following question: ‘WHAT IS SLAVERY?’ and I should answer in one word, 'IT IS MURDER', my meaning would be understood at once. No extended argument would be required to show that the power to take from a man his thought, his will, his personality, is a power of life and death; and that to enslave a man is to kill him. Why, then, to this other question: ‘WHAT IS PROPERTY!’ may I not likewise answer, IT IS ROBBERY, without the certainty of being misunderstood; the second proposition being no other than a transformation of the first?" Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, ‘What Is Property?’

Anarchism is based upon the class struggle, but it does not take the same view of the class struggle as the marxists do. For instance, it does not take the view that only the industrial workers can achieve socialism, and that the victory of these, led by a communist woring class party, represents the final victory over capitalism. Nor do we accept the idea of a workers state. We believe that only the working class can liberate society and that through freely elected, worker and community comittees's and farm cooperatives, rather than with the interference of a party or government.

Anarchists are social revolutionaries, and feel that the social revolution is the process through which a free society will be achieved. Self management will be established in all areas of social life. By their own initiative, individuals will put into action their own management of social life through voluntary associations. They will refuse to surrender their self-direction to the state, political parties or vanguard sects since each of these only establish or reestablish domination. anarchists believe the state and capitalist authority will be ended by the means of direct action; wildcat strikes, slowdowns, boycotts, sabotage, and armed insurrection. We recognise our goals cannot be seprated from the means we use to achieve them. Therefore our practice and the associations we create must and will reflect the society we seek.

IT IS CRUCIAL THAT MORE ATTENTION IS PAID TO THE AREA OF ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION; SINCE IT IS HERE THAT THE INTERESTS OF EVERYONE MEET. Under capitalism, we all have to sell our labour to survive and to feed ourselves and our families. But after an anarchist social revolution, the wage system and the institution of private and state property will be abolished and replaced with the production and distribution of goods according to the principle of "from each according to their ability, to each according to their need". Voluntary associations of producers and consumers will take common possession of the means of production and distribution and allow the free use of all resources to any voluntary group, as long as this does not deprive others or does not mean using wage labour. These associations could be food and housing co-operatives, co-operative factories, community run schools, hospitals, recreation facilities, and other important social services. These associations will federate with each other to achieve their common goals on both regional and functional basis.

This federalism as a concept is a form of social organization in which self-determining groups freely agree to co-ordinate their activities. The only social system that can possible meet all the different needs of society, while still promoting solidarity on the widest scale, is one that allows people to freely associate on the basis of common needs and interests. Federalism, in which emphasises autonomy and de-centralization, builds solidarity and encourages groups efforts to be as self-sufficient as possible. Groups can then be expected to co-operate as long as they gain mutual benefit. Contrary to the capitalist legal system and its contracts, if such benefits are not felt to be mutual in an anarchist society, any group will have the freedom to dis-associate. In this manner a flexible and self-regulating social organism will be created, always ready to meet new needs by new organisations and adjustments.

Federalism is not a type of anarchism, but it is essential part of anarchism. It is joining of groups and people for political and economic survival and livelihood.

We have an enourmous job ahead of us, and we must be able to work together for the benefit of the idea. The italian anarchist, Errico Malatesta, said it best when he wrote:

"Our task is that of pushing the 'people' to demand and seize all the freedom they can to make themselves responsible for their own needs without waiting for their orders from any kind of authority. Our task is that of demonstrating the uselessness and harmfulness of the government, or provoking and encouraging by propaganda and action inds of individual and collective initiatives... After the revolution, Anarchists will have the special mission of being the vigilant custodians of freedom, against the aspirants to power and possible tyranny of the majority."

Errico Malatesta

So, this is the job of the federation, but it does not end with the success ofthe revolution. There is much construction work to be done, and the revolution must be defended. To fullfill our tasks, we must have our own organizations. We must organize the post-revolutionary society, and this is why we federate ourselves. In a modern independent society, the principle of federalism must be extended to all humanity.

The network of voluntary associations, the commune, will know no borders. It will be the size of the city. region or inter-region or a society much larger than the nation-state under capitalism. It could be a mass commune, which will include the entire world's peoples in a number of continental Anarchist Federations, say Africa, North America, or the Caribbean. Truly this would be a new world - not a united nations or one world government, but a united humanity.

Our opposition is formidable. Each of us has been taught to believe in the need for government, in the absolute necessity of experts, in taking orders, in authority. For some of us it is all we know. But when we do learn to believe in ourselves and when we decide that we can create a society based on free, caring individuals, then that tendency which is buried within us will become the concious choice of freedom-loving people. As Anarchists, we see our job as sterengthening that tendency, and show that there is no democracy or freedom under government - whether in South Africa, the United States, China or Russia. Anarchists believe in Direct democracy by the people as the only kind of freedom and self-rule.

Anarchism is an evolving ideal in which many individuals and social movements have influence. Women's liberation, racial equality, gay rights, the ecology movement, and other are all additions to the awarness of Anarchism, and this influence has helped in the advancement of Anarchism as a social force in modern society. These influences ensure that the social revolution we all want will be as all-inclusive and democratic as possible, and that all will be fully liberated - not just rich, straight, white males.

Anarchist vs. Marxist thought on Organization of society

Historically, there have3 been three major forms of socialism : Free or libertarian socialism (anarchism), Authoritarian socialism (Marxist communism), and democratic socialism (electoral social democracy). The non anarchist has echoed the capitalist's portrayal of anarchism as an ideology of chaos and lunacy. But Anarchism has nothing in common with this image. It is false and made up by its ideological opponents in the various schools of marxism.

It is very difficult for the Marxists to make an objective criticism of Anarchism as such, because by it's nature it undermines all the ideas that the marxists believe. If marxism and leninism, its variant which emerged during the russian revolution, is held out to be the woring class philosophy and the workers cannot owe their liberation to anyone but the Communist Party, it is very hard to go back on it and say that the woring class is not yet ready to get rid of authority over it. Lenin came up with the idea of an transitional state, which would "wither away" over time, to go along with Marx's "dictatorship of the proletariat"

We expose this line as counter-revolutionary and sheer power-grabbing, and over 75 years of marxist practice has proven us right.

These so-called Socialist states produced by Marxist doctrine have only produced new police states, where workers have no rights, and a new ruling class of technocrats and party politicians have emerged, and class differences between those the state favoured over those it did not created widespread poverty among the masses and another class struggle.

But instead of meeting such critisism head on, they have concentrated their attacks not on the doctrine of anarchism, but on particular Anarchist historical figures, especially Bakunin, an ideological opponent of Marx in the first international of the socialist movements in the last century.

Anarchists are social revolutionaries who seek a stateless, classless, voluntary, co-operative federation of decentralized communes based upon social ownership, individual liberty and autonomous self-management of social and economic life.

Anarchists differ with the marxists in many areas, but especially in organization building and structure.

We differ from the authoritarian socialists in three basic ways : we reject the marxist notion of the vanguard party, democratic centralism, and the dictatorship of the proletariat, and we have alternatives for each of them, The problem is that almost the entire left, including some anarchists, is completely unaware of anarchism's easily understood, and formed, structural alternatives of the catalyst group, anarchist concensus, and the mass commune.

The anarchist alternative to the vanguard party is the catalyst group. The catalyst group is merely an anarchist federation of affinity (friendship) groups (cells) in action. This catalyst or revolutionary anarchist federation could meet on a regular basis or only when neccesary, depending on the wishes of the membership and the urgency of social conditions. It would be made up of the imediately recallable delegates from each affinity group, with full voting rights, priviliges, and responsibilities. It would set both policies and future actions to be performed. It would produce both anarchist theory and social practice. It believes in class struggle and the neccesity to overthrow capitalist rule. It organizes in the communities and workplaces. It is democratic and has no authority figures like a party boss or central comittee.

In order to make a revolution large scale co-ordinated movements are neccesary, and their formation is in no way counter to anarchism. What anarchists are opposed to is hierarchical, power-tripping leadership that supresses the creative urge of the bulk of those involved, and forced an agenda down their throat. Members of such groups are only servants and worshippers ofthe party leadership. But although anarchists reject this type of domineering leadership, we do reckognise that some people are more experienced, articulate, or skilled than others, and these people will play leadership action roles.

These people are not authority figures and can be removed at the will of the body. There is also a conscious attempt to routinely rotate this responsibility and pass on these skills to each other, especially to women, who would ordinarily not get the chance. The experience of these people, who are usually experienced activists or better qualified than most at the moment, can help form and drive forward the movements, and even help people develop the potential for revolutionary change in the popular movement. What they cannot do is take over the initiative of the movement itself. The members of these groups reject hierarchical positions (anybody having more official authority than others), and unlike the marxist vanguard parties, the anarchist groups won't be allowed to continue their leadership through a dictatorship after the revolution. Instead the catalyst group itself will be dissolved and it's members, when they are ready, will be absorbed into the new society's collective decision-making process. Therefore, anarchists are not leaders, but only advisors and organizers for a mass movement.

What we don't want or need is a group of authoritarians leading the working class, then establishing themselves as a centralised decision-making command. Instead of "withering away", Marxist states have continously built authoritarian institutions (secret police, labour bosses, and the communist party) to maintain their power. The apparant effectiveness of such organizations masks the way that revolutionaries who pattern themselves after capitalist, hierarchical institutions become absorbed by ruling class values, and completely isolated from the real needs and desires of ordinary people.

The reluctance of marxists to accept revolutionary social change is, however, above all seen in Marx's idea of te party. It is prescription to nakedly seize power and put it in the hands of the communist party. The party that marxists create today, they believe, should become the (only) party of the woring class in which that class can organize and seize power. In practice, however, this means personal and party dictatorship, which they have, historically, felt given them the right and duty to wipe out all other parties and political ideologies. Both Lenin and Stalin (both basing their party on Marx's ideas) killed millions of worers and peasants, their left wing opponents, and even members of the bolshevik (communist Party in Russia) party. This bloody, treacherous history is why there is so much rivalry and hostility between Leninist and Trotskyist (Trotsky was kicked out of the Bolsevik party) parties today, and it is why the workers states, whether in Cuba, China, Vietnam, or North Korea are such oppressive bureaucracies over their people. It is also why most of eastern Europe "communist" countries had their governments overthrown by the small capitalists and ordinary citizens in the 1980's. Maybe we are witnessing the eclipse of state socialism (Marxism) entirely; since they have nothing new to say and will never get those governments back again.

While anarchist groups reach decisions through anarchist concensus, the marxists organize through so called democratic centralism. Democratic centralism poses as a form of inner party democracy, but is really just a hierarchy by which each member of the party - ultimately of a society - is subordinate to a higher member until one reaches the all powerful party central comittee and it's chairman. This is totally undemocratic procedure, which put leadership above criticism. It is bankcrupt; corrupt method of internal operations for a political organization. You have no voice in such a party, and must be afraid to say any unflattering comments to, or about, the leaders.

In anarchist groups, proposals are talked out by members (none of whom has authority over another), dissenting minorities are respected, and each individual's participation is voluntary. Everyone has the right to agree or disagree over policy and actions, and everyone's ideas are given equal weight and consideration. No decision may be made until each individual member or affiliated group that will be affected by that decision has had a chance to express their opinion on the issue. Individual members and affiliated groups have the right to refuse support to specific federation activities, but may not actively obstruct such activities. In true democratic fashion, decisions for the federation as a whole must be made by a majority of it's members.

In most cases, there is no real need for a formal meeting for the making of decisions, what is needed is co-ordination of the actions of the group. Of course, there are times when a decision has to be made, and sometimes very quickly. This will be rare, but sometimes it is unavoidable. The consensus, in that case, would then have to be among a much smaller circle than the general membership of hundreds or thousands. But ordinarily all that is needed is an exchange of information and trust among parties, and a decision reaffirming the original will be reached, if an emergency decision had to be made. Of course, during the discussion, there will be an attempt to clarify any major differences and explore alternative courses of action. And there will be an attempt to arrive at a mutual agreed upon consensus between conflicting views. As always, if a decision can't be reached or there is dissatisfaction with the consensus, a vote would be taken, and with a two thirds majority, the matter would be accepted or rejected.

This is completely different to the marxist parties, where the central comittee sets policy for the entire organization, without consultation, and authority reigns. Anarchists reject centralization of authority and the concept of a central comittee. All groups are free associations formed out of common need, not revolutionaries diciplined by fear of authority. When the size of the work-groups (which could be formed around labour, fund raising, anti-racism, women's rights, food and housing, propaganda, etc.) becomes awkward, the organizations can be de-centralized into two or more autonomous organizations, still united in one big federation. This enables the group to expand limitlessly while maintaining it's anarchic form of de-centralised self-management. It is similar to the scientific of a biological cell, dividing and re-dividing, but in a political sense.

However, Anarchist groups are not even neccesarily organized loosely; Anarchism is flexible and structure can be practically non-existent or very tight, depending upon the type of organization demanding by social conditions being faced. For instance, organization would tighten during military operations or heightened political repression.

Anarchist's reject the Marxist idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat and a so called worker's state, in favor of a mass commune. Unlike leading members of marxist parties, whose daily lives are generally similar to present day middle class lifestyles, anarchist organizational structures and lifestyles, through communal living arrangements, affinity groups, squatting, etc., attempt to reflect the liberated society of the future. Anarchists built all kinds of communes and collectives during the spanish revolution of the 1930s, but they were crushed by the fascists and the communists.

Since the Marxists do not build co-operative structures ( the nucleus of the new society) they can only see the world in authoritarian political terms. They want to seize state power and institute their own dictatorship over the people and the workers, instead of crushing state power and replacing it with a free, co-operative society. They insist that the party represents and is the working class, and that there is no need for them to organize themselves outside of the party. Yet even in the former soviet union, the communist party membership only represented 5 % of the population. This is elitism of the worst sort, and even makes capitalist parties look democratic by comparison.

What the communist party was intended to represent in terms of workers power is never made clear, but in true 1984 (book by George Orwell) doublethink fashion, the results are 80 years of political repression and state slavery, instead of an era of glorious communist rule.

"Freedom without socialism is exploitation and privilige, Socialism without freedom is slavery and brutality" -Michael Bakunin

They must by held accountable politically for these crimes against the people, and we must reject their revolutionary political theory and practice.

We reject the dictatorship of the proletariat, it is inbridled oppression, and the various marxist parties must be made to answer for it. Millions were murdered by Stalin in the name of fighting an internal class war, and millions more were murdered in China, Poland, Afghanistan, Cambodia, bulgaria, and other countries by communist movements which followed Stalin's prescription for revolutionary terror. We reject state communism as the worst hypocrisy and tyranny. We can do better with the mass commune.

The anarchist mass commune is an inter-regional, continental, or inter continental federation of economic and political co-operatives and regional communal formations. We look forward to a world and a society in which real decision-making involves everyone who lives in it - a mass commune - not a few discipline freaks pulling the strings on a so called proletarian or workers dictatorship. Any and all dictatorship is bad, it has no good social features, yet that is what the marxists tell us will protect us from counter-revolution. While marxists claim that this dictatorship is neccessary in order to crush any bourgeois counter-revolution led by the capitalist class or right wing reactionaries, anarchists feel that this is itself part of the marxist school of falsefication.

A centralized apparatus, such as a state, is much easier target for opponents of the revolution than is a federation of de-centralized communes. And these communes would remain armed and prepared to defend the revolution against anyone who military moves against it. The key is to mobilize the people into self defence units and militias

This position by the Marxists of the neccessity for a dictatorship to protect the revolution was not proven in the civil war that followed the russian revolution; in fact, without support of the anarchists and other left wing forces, along with the russian people, the Bolshevik government would have been defeated. And true to any dictatorship, it turned around and wiped out the Russian and Ukrainian Anarchist movements, along with their left-wing opponents like  the Mensheviks and social revolutionaries, and even ideological opponents in the Bolshevik party were imprisioned and put to death. Millions of people in Russia were killed by Lenin and Trotsky right after the civil war, when they were building state power, which led to Stalin's bloody rule. 

The lesson is that we should not be tricked into surrendering the grassroots people's power to dictators who pose as our friends or leaders.

We do not need the various marxist soultions, they are dangerous and deceptive. There is another way, but too much of the left and too many ordinary people, the choice has appeared to be anarchic chaos or the marxist communist parties, however dogmatic and dictatorial. This is the result of misunderstanding and lies. Anarchism as an ideology provides practical organizational structures, as well as valid alternative revolutionary theory, which, if used, could be the basis for organization just as solid marxists (or even more so) only these organizations will be egalitarian and really fior the benefit of the people, rather than for the communist leaders.

Therefor, we build organizations in order to build a new world, to end all domination over the masses of people. We must build an organized, co-ordinated, international movement aimed at transforming the globe into a mass commune. This would really be a great development in human evolution and a gigantic revolutionary stride. It would change the world as we know it and end the problems long plaguing humankind. It would be a new era of freedom and fullfilment.

General Principles of Anarchism

Anarchism is based on a vision of society that harmoniously unites individual self-interest and social well being. Although Anarchists agree with Marx that capitalism must be abolished because of it's crisis-ridden nature and its exploitation of the working class, we do not believe that capitalism is a neccesary, progressive pre-condition for the change to a socially, economically and political equal society. Nor do we believe that the centralized economic planning of state socialism can provide for the wide variety of needs and desires. We reject the very idea of a need for a state or that it will just whither away by itself, or a party to boss over the workers or stage-manage the revolution. In short, while accepting parts of his economic critique of capitalism, we do not worship Karl Marx as the perfect leader (whose ideas can never be criticised or revised) as marxists do, and anarchism is not based on Marxist theory.

Anarchists believe that "the personal is political, and the political is personal" meaning that we cannot seperate our political life from our personal life. We do not play bureaucratic political roles and then have a seperate life as another social being entirely. We reckognize that people know their own needs and can make the neccesary arrangements to satisfy those needs, provided that they have free access to social resources. We believe that these resources should be freely provided to all, so we therefor believe in the credo of "from each according to their abilitities, to each according to their needs". This guarantees that everyone will be fed, clothed, and housed as normal social practice, not as degrading welfare or that certain classes will be better provided than others.

When not deformed by corrupt (authoritarian) social institutions and practices, the inter-dependence and solidarity of human beings results in individuals who are responsible both for themselves and to the society which makes their well-being and cultural development possible. Therefore, we seek to replace the state, capitalism, and authority with a network of voluntary alliances embracing all of social life - production, consumption, health, culture, recreation, and other areas. In this way, all groups and associations reap the benefits of unity while expanding the range of their freedom. We believe in free association and federating groups of affinity groups, workplace commitee's, food and housing co-operatives, with other types.

As a practical matter, we believe that we should start to build the new society now, as well as fight to crush the old capitalist one. We wish to create non-authoritarian mutual aid organizations for food, clothing, housing, funding for community projects and others, neighbourhood assemblies, and co-operatives, not belonging to either government or business corporations, and not run for profit but for social need. Such organizations, if built now, will provide their members with a practical experience in self management and self sufficiency, and will decrease the depenency of people on welfare agencies and employers.

In short, we can begin now to build the infrastructure for the communal society, so that people can see what they are fighting for, not just ideas in someone's head. That is the way to real freedom.

Capitalism, the State and private property

The existance of the state and capitalism are excused by their supporters as being a neccesary evil due to the so-called inability of the greater part of the population to run their own affairs and those of the society, as well as being their protection against crime and violence. Anarchists realize that the opposite is true, the main barriers to a free society are the state and the institution of private property.

It is the state that causes war, police repression, and other forms of violence, and it is private property - the lack of equal distribution of major social wealth - that causes crime and deprivation.

But what is the state? The state is a hierarchical institiution by which a priviliged elite tries to dominate the vast majority of people. The state's mechanisms include a group of institutions containing legislative assemblies, the civil service bureaucracy, the military and police forces, the judiciary and prisons, and the sub-central state apparatus. The government is the administrative vehicle to run the state. The purpose of this specific set of institutions, which are the expressions of authority in capitalist societies (and so called socialist states), is to keep and extend domination over the common people by a priviliged class, the rich in capitalist societies, the so called communist party in state socialist or communist societies like the old union of soviet socialist republics.

However, the state itself is always an elitist structure positioned between the rulers and the ruled, order-givers and order-takers, economic haves and have-nots. The state's elite is not just the rich and the super rich, but those people who have state positions of authority - politicians and juridical officials. Thus, the state bureaucracy itself, in terms of it's relation to ideological property, can become an elite class in it's own right.

The adminstrative elite class of the state is developed not just through being given priviliges by economic elite, but also by the seperation of private and public life - the family unit and the civil society respectively - and by the opposition between an individual family and the larger society. It is sheer opportunism, brought on by capitalist competition and alienation. It is a breeding ground for agents of the state.

The existence of the state and a ruling class based on the exploitation and oppression of the working class are inseperable. Domination and exploitation go hand in hand and, in fact, this oppression is not possible without force and violent authority. This is why Anarchists argue that any attempt to use state power as means of establishing a free, equal society can only be self defeating because the habits of commanding and exploitating become ends in themselves.This was proven with the Bolsheviks in the Russian revolution (1917 - 1921), and the lesson is that anarchists cannot support any state or the creation of state power.

The fact is that officials of the communist state accumulates political power much as the capitalist class accumulates economic wealth. Those who govern form a distinct group whose only interest is keeping political control by any means they can. But the institution of capitalist property also allows a minority of the population to control and to regulate access to, and the use of, all socially produced wealth and natural resources. You have to pay for the land, water, and the fresh air - to some giant utility company or real estate firm, and forced taxation to the state.

This controlling group may be a seperate economic class or the state itself, but in either case the institution of property leads to a set of social and economic relations, capitalism, in which a small sector of society reaps enourmous benefits and priviliges at the expense of the labouring majority. The capitalist economy is based, not upon fullfilling the needs of everyone, but on amassing profit for a few through exploitation. both capitalism and the state must be attacked and overthrown, or one then another, because the fall of either will not ensure the fall of both.

Down with capitalism and the state

No doubt, some workers will mistake what we are saying as a threat to their personally accumulated property. NO, we recognize the distinction between personal possessions and major capitalistic property. Capitalistic property is that which has as it's basic characteristic and purpose to command other people's labour power because of it's exchange value. The institution of property conditions the development of a set of social and economic relations that has established capitalism, and this situation allows a small minority within society to reap enourmous benefits and priviliges at the expense of the labouring majority. This is the classic scenario of capital exploiting labour.

Where there is a high social division of labour and complex industrial organization, money is needed to buy and/or sell. It is not simply that this money is legal, and that it is used in place of direct barter of goods, that is not what we are limited to here: capital is money, but money as a process which reproduces and increases value. Capital arises only when the owner of the means of production find workers on the market as sellers of their own labour power. Capitalism devloped as the form of private property that shifted from the rural, agricultural style to urban, factory style of labour. Capitalism centralizes the instruments of production and brings individuals closely alongside others in a diciplined work force.

Capitalism is industrialized commodity production, which makes goods for profit, not for social needs. This is a special distinction of capital and capital alone.

We may understand capitalists, from what we have seen, as capital given will and consciousness. That is, as those people who acquire capital, and function as an elite class with enough financial and political power to rule society. also, that accumulated capital is money, and with money they control the means of production that is defined as the mills, mines, factories, land, water, energy, and other natural resources. The rich know that this is their property. They do not need ideological pretensions, and are under no illusions about public property.

An economy, like the one we briefly sketched, is not based on fullfilling the needs of everyone in society, but instead is based on accumulation of profits for the few, who live in extreme luxury as leisure class, while we, the workers and poor, live in either poverty or one or two pay cheques away. You see, therefore that doing away with government also means the abolition of monopoly and personal ownership of the means of production and distribution.

Anarchism, Violence & Authority

One of the biggest lies about Anarchists is that we are mindless bomb-throwers, cuthroats, and assasins.

People spread these lies for their own reasons: governments, because they are afraid of being overthrown by a social revolution; Marxists, because it is a competing ideology with totally different method of social organization and revolutionary struggle; and the church, because anarchism does not believe in deities and its rationalism might sway workers away from superstition.

It is true that these lies and propaganda are able to sway many people, mostly because thery never hear the other side. Anarchism receives bad press and suffers as the scapegoat of every politician - right or left wing. Because a social revolution is an anarchist revolution, which not only abolishes one exploiting class for another, but all exploiters and the instrument of exploitation, "the state"; because it is a revolution for peoples power, instead of political power, because it abolishes both money and wage slavery; because we are for total direct democracy and freedom, instead of politicians to represent the masses in parliament, or the communist party; because we are for worker's self management of industry, instead of government regulation; because anarchists are for full sexual, racial, cultural and intellectual freedom - because of this, lies have had to be told that we are killers, rapists, robbers, mad bombers, the worst of the worst.

But let's look at the real world and see who is causing all this violence and repression. The wholesale murder by standing armies in world wars 1 and 2, the pillage and rape of the colonies, military invasions and dictatorships - all of these have been done by governments. It is government and state/class rule, which is the source of all violence. This includes all governments. The so called communist world is not communist and the free world is not free. East and west, capitalism - private and the state - remains an inhuman type of society where the vast majority are bossed to work, at home, and in the community. Propaganda (news and education), policemen and soldiers, prisons and schools, traditional values and morality all serve to reinforce the power of the few and to convince or force the many into passive acceptance of a brutal, degrading, and irrational system. This is what we mean by authority being oppression, and it is just such authoritarian rule that is at work in South Africa, Nigeria, the USA as well as the communist governments of China, Cuba, and north Korea.

"What is this thing we call government? Is it anything but organized violence? The law orders you to obey, and if you don't obey, it will compel you by force - all governments, all law and authority finally rest on force and violence, on punishment or fear of punishment." Alexander Berkman ABC of communist Anarchism

Most anarchists advocate armed overthrow of the capitalist state. We do not advocate or practice mass murder, like the governments pf the modern world withtheir stockpiles of nuclear bombs, poison gas and chemical weapons, huge air forces, navies, and armies. It wasnot the anarchists who provoked two world wars where over 100 million people were slaughtered; not was it the anarchists who invaded and butchered the people of Korea, Panama, Vietnam, Somalia, Iraq, Indonesia, and other countries who has suffered imperialist military attack. It was not the anarchists who sent armies of spies all over the world to murder, disrupt, subvert, overthrow, and meddle into the internal affairs of other countries like the NIA, CIA, KGB, MI6, or other national spy agencies, nor use them as secret police to uphold the hiome government in various countries, no matter how repressive and unpopular the regime. Further, if your government makes you a policeman or soldier, you kill and repress people in the name of freedom of law and order, even if you do not want to.

"You do not question the right of the government to kill, to confiscate and imprison. If a private person should be guilty of the things that government is doing all the time, you brand him a murderer, thief, and scroundel. But as long as the violence committed is 'lawful', you approve of it and submit to it. So it is not really violence that you object to, but people using violence unlawfully" Alexander Berkman ABC of communist Anarchism

If we speak honestly, we must admit that everyone in this society believes in violence and practices it, however much they may condemn it in others. either they do it themselves to their children or to others, or they have to police and army to do it on their behalf as agents of the state. In fact, all of the governmental institiutions we presently support and the entire life of present society are based on violence. Anarchists have no monopoly on violence and when it was used in so called "propaganda by the deed" attacks in the nineteenth century, it was against tyrants and dictators, rather than against the common people. These individual attacks - bombings, assasinations, sabotage were efforts at making those in power personally responsible for their unjust acts and repressive authority. In fact, Anarchists, socialists, communists and other revolutionarys, as well as nationalists, and even reactionaries and racists like the AWB or nazies have all used violence for a variety of reasons. Who would not have rejoiced if a dictator like Hitler had been slain by assasins, and thus spared the world racial genocide and world war 2? Further all revolutions are violent because the oppressing class will not give up it's power and privileges without a bloody fight. So, we have no choice anyway.

Basically, we would all choose to be pacifists. And like Martin Luther King counselled, we would rather resolve our differences with understanding, love and moral reasoning. We will attempt these solutions first, whenever possible. In the insanity that reigns, however, our movement acknowledges the usefulness of preparedness. It is too dangerous q world to be ignorant of the ways t odefend ourselves so that we can continue our revolutionary work. Knowing a weapon and it's uses does not mean that you must imediatley go out and use that weapon, but that if you need to use it, you can use it well.

Understanding that the more we succeed at our work, the more dangerous will our situation become, because we will then be reckognized as a threat to the state. And make no mistake, an inserurrection is coming, that will destabilize the state. So we are talking about spontanous, prolonged, rising of the vast majority of the people, and the neccesity to defend oursleves against the state's reaction. although we recognize the importance of defensive paramilitary violence, and even urban guerilla attacks, we do not depend on war to achieve our liberation, for our struggle cannot be won by the force of arms alone. No, the people must be armed beforehand with understanding andagreement of our objectives, as well as trust and love of each other, and our military weapons are only an expressionn of our organic spirit and solidarity. Perfect love for all but preparedness against those who do not want it. As the Cuban revolutionary, Che Guevara, said, "When one falls, another must take their place, and the rage of each death renews the reason for the fight".

The governments of the world commit much of their violence in repressing any attempt to overthrow the state. Crimes of repression against the people have usually benefited those in power, especially if the government is powerful. Look what happened in south Africa during the apartheid years ! Many protesting injustices were jailed, murdered, injured, or blacklisted - all of which was set up by the state's police agencies. So we cannot just depend on mass mobilizations alone, we must also learn how to defend ourselves, if we want to defeat the state and it's repression. for the future, our work will include development of collective techniques of self defence, as well as underground propaganda work, while we work towards social revolution.

Anarchists & Revolutionary Organization

Another lie about anarchists is that we do not believe in any organizational structure. we are not opposed to organization. In fact, anarchism is primarily concerned about analyzing the way in which society is presently organized - i.e government.

Anarchism is all about organization, but it is about alternative forms of organization to what now exists. Anarchism's opposition to authority leads to the view that organization should be non-hierarchical and that membership should be voluntary. Anarchist revolution is a process of organization building and re-building. this does not mean the same thing as the marxist concept of party building, which is just about strengthening the rule of party leaders and driving out those members who have an independent position. These purges are methods of domination that the marxists use to beat all democracy out of their movements, yet they have the cheek to call this democratic centralism.

What organization means within anarchism is to organize the needs of the people into non-authoritarian social organizations so that they can take care of their own business on an equal basis. It also means the coming together of like minded people for the purpose of co-ordinating the work that both groups and individuals feel is necessary for survival, wellbeing, and livelihood.

Because anarchism involves people who would come together on the basis of mutual needs and interests, co-operation is a key element. A primary aim is that the individuals should speak for themselves, and that all in the group be equally responsible for the group's decisions; no bosses welcome!

Many Anarchists envisage large scale organizational needs in terms of small local groups organized in the workplaces. and neighbourhoods, who would send delegates to larger committee who would make decisions on matters of wider concern. the job of delegate would not be full-time and would be rotated. these delegates would be unpaid, recallable and would only voice the groups decision's. We support free, independent organizations of the people as the only way forward.

The nucleus of anarchist organization is the affinity (friendship) group. The affinity group is a revolutionary circle or cell of friends and comrades who are in tune with each other both in ideology and as individuals. The affinity groups exists to co-ordinate the needs of the group, as expressed by the individuals and by the cell as a body. The group becomes an extended family, the well-being of all becomes the responsibility of all.

"autonomous, communal, and ditrectly democratic, the group combines revolutionary theory with revolutionary lifestyle in it's everyday behaviour. It creates a free space in which revolutionaries can remake themselves individually, and also as social beings." Murray Bookchin Post Scarcity Anarchism

We should also refer to these affinity formations as "groups for living revolution" because they live the revolution now, even through only in seed form. Because the groups are small- from 3 to 15 - they can start from a stronger basis of solidarity than political strategy alone. The groups would be the best means of political activity of each member. There are 4 areas of involvement where affinity groups work

1) Mutual Aid. This means giving support and solidarity between members as well as collective work and responsibility.

2) Education. In addition to educating the society at large to anarchist ideals, this includes study by members to advance the ideology of the group, as well as to increase their political, economic, scientific, and technical knowledge.

3) Direct Action. This means the actual organizing and political work outside of the group, where all members are expected to contribute.

4) Unity. The group is a form of family, a gathering of friends and comrades, people who care for the well-being of one another, who love and support each other, who strive to live in the spirit of co-operation and freedom, without distrust, jealousy, hate, competition, and other forms of negative social ideas and behaviour. In short, affinity groups allow their members to live a revolutionary lifestyle.

One big advantage of affinity groups is that they are highly resistant to police infiltration because the group members are so intimate. Even if a group is penetrated there is no central office that would give an agent information about the movement as a whole, Each cell has it's own agenda and objectives. Therefor, an agent would have to infiltrate hundreds, maybe 1000s, of similar groups and since the members all know each other, an agent could not lead disruptions without risk of imediate exposure. further, because there are no leaders in the movement, there is no one to target and destroy the group.

Because affinity groups can grow as biological cells grow, by dividing, they can spread rapidly.There could be hundreds in one large city or region. They come prepared for a mass movement, they can organize large numbers of people to co-ordinate activities as their needs become clear and according to any social conditions. Affinity groups function as a catalyst within the mass movement, pushing it to higher and higher levels of resistance to the authorities. But they are ready made for underground work in case of open political repression or mass insurrection.

This leads us to the next level of anarchist organization, the regional federation. Federations are the network of affinity groups who come together out of common needs, which includes mutual aid, education, direct action, co-ordination, and any other work needed for the change from today's society, from the authoritarian state to anarchism. the following is an example of how anarchist federations could be structured.

First, there is a regional federation that could cover a large city or region. All like minded affinity groups in the region would associate themselves in a regional federation. Agreements on mutual aid and action to be done would be discussed at meetings in which all can come and have an equal voice. When the regional federation reaches a size where it is too big, the regional federation can divide into district or local federations. Each affinity group in each area will send one delegate to sit on their local federation committee. the purpose of the committee is to co-ordinate the needs and actions defined by all the groups in the district or local area. As a mandated delegate, after referring back to their group, they could vote and join in coordination and decision making on the things that affect the local area. Thereafter, one delegate from each local federation committee will sit on the regional federation committee, which will operate on exactly the same principles as the local federation committee except that it will only deal with things that affect the region as a whole.

Our next federation would be an eco-regional federation, for example the entire coastal plain. This federation would take care of the whole eco-region, with the same principles on consensus, mandating and delegation. Next would come the inter-regional federation to cover southern Africa and then the global federation, which would be the networking of all federations world-wide. As for the last, because we do not recognize national borders and wish to replace the nation state, we thus federate with all other like minded people wherever they live on earth.

For anarchism to really work, the needs of he people must be fulfilled. Our first priority is the well being of all; thus we must organize the means to freely and equally fulfill the needs of the people. First, the means of production,transportation, and distribution must be organized into revolutionary organizations that worker and the community run and control themselves. Our second priority is to deal with community needs organizations, in addition to industrial organizing. Whatever the community needs are, they must be dealt with. This means organization. It includes co-operative groups to fulfill such needs as health, energy, jobs, childcare, housing, alternative schools, food, entertainment, and other social areas. These community groups would form a co-operative community, which would be a network of community needs organizations and serve as an anarchistic socio-political infrastructure. These groups should network with those in other areas for mutual aid, education, and action, and become a federation on a regional scale.

Third, we would have to deal with social illness. Not only should we organize for the physical needs of the people, but we must also work and propagandize to cure the ills sprouted by the state that has warped the human personality under capitalism. For instance, the oppression of women, No one can be free if 51 % of society is oppressed, dominated and abused. Not only must our organization deal with the harmful effects of sexism, but also work to ensure patriarchy is dead by educating society about it's harmful effects. Women need to empower themselves for self-determination to lead free lives. We need to form groups to expose and combat sexual prejudice and capitalist exploitation, and extend full support and solidarity to the working class women's liberation movement.

Finally anarchism would deal with a number of areas too numerous to mention here - science, technology, ecology, disarmament, and so on. We must harness the social sciences and make the serve the people, while we co-exist with nature. Authoritarians foolishly believe that it is possible to conquer nature, but that is not the issue. We are just one of a number of species which inhabit this planet, even if we are the most intelligent. But then other species have not created nuclear weapons, started wars where millions have been killed, or engaged in discrimination against the races of their sub species, all of which humankind has done. So to say which is most "intelligent"?

Right then... Let's get on with it, we've got a world to win!