From Anarchopedia
This grapheme table can be used to determine or approximate the pronunciation of a Dutch word. Possible phonemes are separated by a comma, eventual allophones are enclosed between parentheses, the notation used is ASCII-IPA (Kirshenbaum).
| grapheme
| phonemes
| notes
|
| -a-
| /A/
| See also: -aa-
|
| -b-
| /b/
|
| -c-
| /k/, /s/
| See also: -ca-, -ci-, -cc-, -ch-, -ctie
|
| -d-
| /d/
| See also: -d
|
| -d | /ts<o>/
|
| -e-
| /E/, /e/, /@/ (/e"/, /E"/; unstressed)
| See also: -ee-, -ie-, -e[CCV]-, -he-,
|
| -é- | | See: -éé-
|
| -f-
| /f/
|
| -g-
| /Q/
|
| -h-
| /h<?>/, //
| See also: -ch-, -he-
|
| -i-
| /i/, /@/ (/i"/; unstressed)
| See also: -ie-, -ij-
|
| -j-
| /i/
| See also: -ij-, -sj-
|
| -k-
| /k/
|
| -l-
| /l/
| Sometimes syllabic, see -lm-
|
| -m-
| /m/
|
| -n- | /n/ | See also: -ng
|
| -o-
| /o/, /O/
| See also: -oo-, -ou-
|
| -p-
| /p/
|
| -q-
|
| See: -qu-
|
| -r-
| /r"/ ([r])
| Sometimes syllabic.
|
| -s-
| /s/
| See also: -sj-, -uws-
|
| -t-
| /t/
| See also: -tie, -t, -tw-, -tj-
|
| -t
| /t/ ([ts<o>])
|
| -u-
| /y/ ([u"])
| See also: -uu-
|
| -v-
| /v/
|
| -w-
| /r<w>/
| labiodental approximant
|
| -x-
| /ks/
|
| -y-
|
| Non native letter: [i] or [i:]
|
| -z-
| /z/
|
| digraphs
|
| -aa-
| /a:/
| See also:
|
| -ca-
| /ka/
|
| -cc-
| /k/
| "occitaans" /'o ki ,ta:ns/
|
| -ch-
| /x/
| See also: cha-, -che-, -chi-, -ch
|
| -ch
| /x/
|
| -ci-
| /si/
|
| -ct-
| /kt/
| See also: -ctie
|
| -ee- | /e:/ (/ei/) | See also: -hee-; potential diphthong
|
| -éé- | /e:/ (/ei/) | Example: één
|
| -ei-
| /Ei/
| Ex: sein
|
| -eu- | /@<umd>.:/ (/@y/, /@ @./) | Potential diphthong; see also -ieuw-
|
| -he-
| /h<?>E/
|
| -ie-
| /i:/
| See also: -tie
|
| -ij-
| /Ei/
|
| -ng | N
|
| -oe-
| /u/
|
| -oo-
| /o:/ (/oi/)
| Potential diphthong
|
| -ou-
| /A.u/
|
| -qu-
| /kw/
|
| -sj-
| /Z/
|
| -tj-
| -c-
|
| -tw-
| /ts<o>r<w>/
|
| -ue-
| /u:/
|
| -ui-
| /a.y/
|
| -uu-
| /y:/
|
| -uw-
|
| (/u/ or /y/?); see also uws
|
| trigraphs
|
| cha-
| /SA/
|
| -che-
| /SE/
|
| -chi-
| /Si/
|
| -hoe-
| /r<w><j>/
| "hoed"; labial-palatal approximant
|
| -hee-
|
| /h<?>E:/ or /h<?>e:/
|
| -tie
| /tsi/
| "alimentatie"; see also -ctie
|
| -uws-
|
|
| four letters
|
| -ctie
| /ksi/
| "reproductie"
|
| -ieuw-
| /i:u/
|
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