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KRS-One
Lawrence Kris Parker (born August 20, 1965), better known by his Wikipedia:stage names KRS-One (or simply KRS), and Teacha, is an American rapper. At the 2008 Wikipedia:BET Awards, KRS-One was the recipient of the Wikipedia:Lifetime Achievement Award for all his work and effort towards the Wikipedia:Stop the Violence Movement as well as the overall pioneering of Wikipedia:hip hop music and culture.
Contents
Biography
Born Lawrence Parker in Wikipedia:Park Slope, Brooklyn in the fall of 1965, the MC left home at 14 to become an MC and Philosopher. He came to live in a Wikipedia:homeless shelter in the South Bronx, where he was dubbed Krishna by residents because of his interest in the Hare Krishna spirituality of some of the antipoverty workers. By the time he met youth counselor Scott Sterling, he was also writing graffiti as KRS-One (Knowledge Reigns Supreme Over Nearly Everyone). Together he and Sterling, a.k.a. Wikipedia:DJ Scott La Rock eventually created Boogie Down Productions, releasing their debut album, Wikipedia:Criminal Minded, in 1987. KRS-One has been a Wikipedia:vegetarian since his youth.[1]
Boogie Down Productions
In the summer of 1984, KRS-One hit the music scene with a rap group called "Scott La rock and the Celebrity Three" with a record called "Advance". In a time when most rappers rhymed about cars, jewelry, alcohol, and the latest dance, KRS-One was rhyming about nuclear war prevention. Scott La Rock and the Celebrity Three was composed of Scott La Rock, Levi167, MC Quality, and KRS-One. After legal problems with the head of the label, Scott La Rock and the Celebrity Three were released from their contract. In the winter of 1984, KRS-One wrote a song called "Stop The Violence" although by this time The Celebrity Three had broken up and only KRS-One and Scott La Rock remained. Both realized they had to change the name of the group and they did: the new group was called The Boogie Down Crew.
In 1985, Scott La Rock, a friend of producer/writer Kenny Beck (2 The Limit, Octavia - Pow Wow Records and Mine All Mine, Cashflow - Polygram Records) asked Beck to do a record he had written for his brother Kevin Goldbeck. Since the record was not quite finished being produced yet for [Sleeping Bag Records] and Scott had a real affinity for the sty-lings of Krs-one, Kenny Beck decided to form a group around the three, Kevin (freshly released from New York State Prison), Scott and Krs-one. Their name was 12:41, given that moniker by Beck as that was the time they had completed the final mix. All three plus Beck can be heard rapping on the record. Scott, ever the social worker asked Beck to do this as a way out of the shelter for his friend Krs-one. Of course Kris and Scott wanted to concentrate on their own Boogie Down Crew but first they had to go through this. No one was paid for this project and the small amount budgeted by the label for the product prior to Scott La Rock's and Krs-one's involvement barely covered recording costs. This is why producer David Eng, Snow (Informer) and Inspector Gadget writer and studio owner of Bayside Sound (Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, UTFO was brought in. The original song was written, produced and recorded by Kenny Beck and royalties and claims are being pursued for all parties involved. It was this project that educated Kris and Scott as to the importance of being producers of their music, as well as the artists, so at this point they decided to change the name of their own Boogie Down Crew to Boogie Down Productions.
At the close of 1987, the B.D.P lifestyle got real and Scott La Rock was killed trying to settle a dispute in the Bronx. This 'shocked' the Hip Hop community and, once again, rap and violence became a topic in the mainstream press. The rap community thought Boogie Down Productions was over but this only led to new plans for KRS-One. In 1988, KRS-One left B. Boy Records to sign with Wikipedia:Jive Records and "By All Means Necessary" was released. Rap music was under a mainstream microscope and KRS-One now was able to release what he and Scott always dreamed about, an album that gave rap a different image. His first video on Jive Records was for "My Philosophy", a song that re-established his presence in the rap world.
KRS-One began his recording career as one third of the hip hop group Boogie Down Productions, or BDP, alongside DJ Scott La Rock and Derrick "D-Nice" Jones. They met during a stay KRS-One had at the Bronx Franklin Avenue Armory Shelter. La Rock (real name Scott Sterling) worked as a Wikipedia:social worker there. The duo would begin to create music. After being rejected by radio DJs Wikipedia:Mr. Magic and Wikipedia:Marley Marl, KRS-One would go on to diss the two and those associated with them, sparking what would later be known as Wikipedia:The Bridge Wars. Additionally, KRS had taken offense to "The Bridge", a song by Marley Marl's protege, Wikipedia:MC Shan (later on, KRS One produced an album with Marley Marl in 2007); the song could be interpreted as a claim that Wikipedia:Queensbridge was the monument of Hiphop, though MC Shan has repeatedly denied this claim. Still, KRS "dissed" the song with the BDP record "South Bronx"; next, a second round of volleys would ensue with Shan's "Kill That Noise" and BDP's "The Bridge Is Over". KRS-One, demonstrating his nickname "The Blastmaster", gave a live performance that devastated MC Shan, and many conceded he had won the battle. Many believe this live performance to be the first MC battle where rappers attack each other, instead of a battle between who can get the crowd more hyped.[2]
Parker and Sterling decided to form a rap group together, initially calling themselves "Scott La Rock and the Celebrity Three". That was short-lived, however, as the two peripheral members quit, leaving Parker (now calling himself KRS-One) and Sterling. They then decided to call themselves "Boogie Down Productions", "Success is the Word", a 12-inch single produced by David Kenneth Eng and Kenny Beck was released on indie Fresh/Sleeping Bag Records (under the group name "12:41") but did not enjoy commercial success. Boogie Down Productions released their debut album Criminal Minded in 1987. The album, whose cover pictured BDP draped in Wikipedia:ammunition and brandishing guns, is often credited with setting the template for the burgeoning genres of hardcore and Wikipedia:gangsta rap. Scott La Rock was killed in a shooting later that year, after attempting to mediate a dispute between teenager and BDP member Derrick "D-Nice" Jones and local hoodlums.
During this time KRS-One also gained acclaim as one of the first MCs to incorporate Wikipedia:Jamaican style into hip-hop. Using the Wikipedia:Zungazung melody, originally made famous by Wikipedia:Yellowman in Jamaican dance halls earlier in the decade.[3] While KRS-One used Zunguzung styles in a more powerful and controversial manner, especially in his song titled "Wikipedia:Remix for P is Free", he can still be credited as one of the more influential figures to bridge the gap between Jamaican music and American hip-hop.
Following the fatal shooting of Scott La Rock in 1987, KRS was determined to continue Boogie Down Productions through the tragedy, releasing the album Wikipedia:By All Means Necessary in 1988. He was joined by beatboxer D-Nice, rapper Ramona "Ms. Melodie" Parker (whose marriage to Kris would last from 1988 to 1992), and Kris's younger brother Wikipedia:DJ Kenny Parker, among others. However Boogie Down Productions would remain Kris's show, and their content would become increasingly political through their subsequent releases Wikipedia:Ghetto Music: The Blueprint of Hip Hop, Edutainment, Wikipedia:Live Hardcore Worldwide and Sex and Violence.
KRS-One was the primary initiator behind the H.E.A.L. compilation and the Wikipedia:Stop the Violence Movement; for the latter he would attract many prominent MCs to appear on the 12-inch single "Self Destruction". As Parker adopted this "humanist", less defensive approach, he turned away from his "Blastmaster" persona and towards that of "The Teacha", although he has constantly used "Blastmaster" throughout his career.
Solo career
After five largely solo albums under the name "Boogie Down Productions," KRS-One decided to set out on his own. On his first solo album, 1993's Wikipedia:Return of the Boom Bap, Parker worked together with producers Wikipedia:DJ Premier, Wikipedia:Kid Capri and Wikipedia:Showbiz, the latter providing the catchy-yet-hardcore track "Wikipedia:Sound of da Police". His second album, 1995's KRS-One, featured Wikipedia:Channel Live on "Free Mumia", a song in which they criticize Black Civil Rights Activist Wikipedia:C. Delores Tucker among others. Other prominent guest stars on KRS One included Wikipedia:Mad Lion, Wikipedia:Busta Rhymes, Das EFX and Wikipedia:Fat Joe.
In 1991, KRS-One appeared on the Wikipedia:alternative rock group Wikipedia:R.E.M.'s single "Wikipedia:Radio Song", which appeared on the band's album Out of Time, released the same year.
In 1992, Wikipedia:Bradley Nowell from Sublime featured an acoustic song named "KRS-One" with his voice and DJ's samplers.
In 1995, KRS organized a group called Wikipedia:Channel Live, whose album Station Identification he produced most of, along with Wikipedia:Rheji Burrell and Wikipedia:Salaam Remi.
In 1997, Parker surprised many with his release of the album Wikipedia:I Got Next. The album's lead single "Step into a World (Rapture's Delight)", containing a sample of punk and New Wave group Blondie, was accompanied by a remix featuring commercial rap icon Wikipedia:Puff Daddy; another track was essentially a rock song. While the record would be his best-selling solo album (reaching #3 on the Billboard 200), such collaborations with notably mainstream artists and prominent, easily recognizable samples took many fans and observers of the vehemently anti-mainstream KRS-One by surprise. However, in August 1997, Parker appeared on Wikipedia:Tim Westwood's Wikipedia:BBC Radio 1 show and vociferously denounced the DJ and the radio station more generally, accusing them of ignoring his style of hip hop in favor of commercial artists such as Puff Daddy. Although having not been in the UK since 1991, due to the fact he does not fly, he claimed "to be in touch with the people", and said that "they weren't feeling Westwood, he's a sell out and has sold his soul to the dark side." This sparked controversy in the UK since Radio One was one of the main supporters of the single "Step Into My World" and caused the album to be his best selling. Parker has since visited the UK, most notably in May 2007, in a performance at the Royal Albert Hall where he once again dissed Tim Westwood in a freestyle.
In 1999, there were tentative plans to release Maximum Strength; a lead single, "5 Boroughs", was released on Wikipedia:The Corruptor movie soundtrack. However, Parker apparently decided to abort the album's planned release, just as he had secured a position as a Vice-President of Wikipedia:A&R at Wikipedia:Reprise Records. The shelved album was again scheduled to be released in 2008, but ultimately an unrelated album entitled "Maximum Strength 2008" was released in its place. He moved to southern California, and stayed there for two years, ending his relationship with Wikipedia:Jive Records with A Retrospective in 2000.
Parker resigned from his A&R position at Reprise in 2001, and returned to recording with a string of albums, beginning with 2001's Wikipedia:The Sneak Attack on Wikipedia:Koch Records. In 2002, he released a gospel-rap album, Wikipedia:Spiritual Minded, surprising many longtime fans; Parker had once denounced Wikipedia:Christianity as a "slavemaster religion" which African-Americans should not follow. During this period, KRS founded the Wikipedia:Temple of Hiphop, an organization to preserve and promote "Hiphop Kulture". Other releases have since included 2003's Wikipedia:Kristyles and D.I.G.I.T.A.L., 2004's Keep Right, and 2006's Life.
The only latter-day KRS-One album to gain any significant attention has been Wikipedia:Hip-Hop Lives, his 2007 collaboration with fellow hip hop veteran Wikipedia:Marley Marl, due in large part to the pair's legendary beef, but also the title's apparent response to Wikipedia:Nas' 2006 release Wikipedia:Hip-Hop Is Dead. While many critics have commented they would have been a lot more excited had this collaboration occurred twenty years earlier, the album has been met with positive reviews. KRS One has appeared on several songs with other artists, due to this he has received 9 Gold and 7 Platinum plaques.
KRS One has collaborated with several artists including Canadian Rap group Hellafactz, Jay-Roc N' Jakebeatz and New York producer Domingo among other. He and Domingo publicly squashed their beef that started over financial issues and released a digital single to iTunes on November 25. The single titled "Radio" will also feature Utah up and comer Eneeone and is dedicated to underground MC's that don't get the radio airplay they deserve.[4] In 2009 KRS One guest starred on several albums including Arts & Entertainmen on the song "Pass the Mic" by fellow Hip Hop veterans Masta Ace & Ed O.G and featured on the posse cut "Mega Fresh X" by Wikipedia:Cormega (alongside with Wikipedia:DJ Red Alert, Parrish Smith, Wikipedia:Grand Puba, & Wikipedia:Big Daddy Kane) on his album Born and Raised.
KRS One and Buckshot announced that they would be collaborating on an album set to be released in 2009. The first single, ROBOT, was released on May 5, 2009. The music video was directed by Wikipedia:Todd Angkasuwan and debuted as the New Joint of the Day on 106 & Park on September 4, 2009. The album leaked on the Internet on September 9, 2009 and released album was released on September 15, 2009. It debuted at #62, making it on Wikipedia:The Billboard 200 selling around 8,500 copies its first week and was met with generally positive reviews. Steve Juon of RapReviews.com gave the album a flawless 10 out of 10, claiming "Buckshot and KRS have achieved something rather remarkable here - an album I can't find a single fault with. There's not a bad beat, there's not a whack rhyme, there's not a collaborator on a track that missed the mark, and the disc itself is neither too short nor too long." [5]
In 2010 KRS One was honored along with Buckshot by artists Ruste Juxx, Torae & Skyzoo, Wikipedia:Sha Stimuli, Promise, J.A.M.E.S. Watts and Team Facelift to name a few on their mixtape 'Survival Kit' which is an ode to the 2009 album Survival Skills by KRS One and Buckshot. The mixtape was released for free download on DuckDown.com. The album features new version of KRS classics 'South Bronx', 'Sound Of Da Police' and 'MC's Act Like They Don't Know' as well as new versions of well known Buckshot songs and 'Past Present Future' from the Survival Skills album. The MC Fashawn stated in his verse on MC's Act Like They Don't Know that 'I did it to make Kris smile I figured he'd appreciate it' [6]
Most recently, KRS One was featured as the voice of Chris Cringle in the new Nike Most Valuable Puppets commercials. KRS One performed in May 2010 at SUNY New Paltz for their annual "Rock Against Racism" concert,
Stop the Violence Movement
The Stop the Violence Movement was formed by KRS-One in 1988/1989 in response to violence in the Wikipedia:hip hop and black communities.
During a concert by Wikipedia:Boogie Down Productions and Public Enemy a young fan was killed in a fight. Coming soon after the shooting death of his friend and fellow BDP member Wikipedia:Scott La Rock, KRS-One was galvanized into action and formed the Stop the Violence Movement. Composed of some of the biggest stars in contemporary Wikipedia:East Coast hip hop, the movement released a single, "Self Destruction", in 1989, with all proceeds going to the Wikipedia:National Urban League.[7] A music video was created, and a Wikipedia:VHS cassette entitled Overcoming Self-Destruction - The Making of the Self-Destruction Video was also released.
"Self-Destruction" was produced by KRS-One and Wikipedia:D-Nice of Boogie Down Productions (Wikipedia:Hank Shocklee of the Wikipedia:Bomb Squad is credited as an associate producer).
Temple of Hip Hop
The Temple of Hip Hop is a ministry, archive, School, and Society (M.A.S.S.) founded by KRS-One. Its goal is to maintain and promote Hiphop Kulture. The Temple of Hip Hop maintains that Hip Hop is a genuine political movement and culture, as it has been accepted by the United Nations (WP) as a culture. The Temple of Hiphop calls on all Hip Hop fans to celebrate Hip Hop Appreciation Week, occurring in the third week of May. It encourages DJs and MCs to teach people about the culture of Hiphop, to write more socially conscious songs, and radio stations to play more socially conscious hip hop. Hip Hop Appreciation Week is celebrated on the third week of May each year. Hip Hop History Month (November), founded by the Universal Zulu Nation, is also recognized.
September 11 comments
In 2004, KRS engendered a controversy when he was quoted in a panel discussion hosted by Wikipedia:The New Yorker magazine as saying that "we cheered when 9/11 happened". The comment drew criticism from many sources, including a pointed barb by the Wikipedia:New York Daily News that called Parker an "anarchist" (WP)" and said that "If Wikipedia:Osama bin Laden ever buys a rap album, he'll probably start with a CD by KRS-One."[8]
Parker responded to the commotion surrounding his comments with an editorial written for Wikipedia:AllHipHop.com, stating:
- I was asked about why hiphop has not engaged the current situation more (meaning 9/11), my response was "because it does not affect us, or at least we don’t perceive that it affects us, 9/11 happened to them". I went on to say that "I am speaking for the culture now; I am not speaking my personal opinion." I continued to say; "9/11 affected them down the block; the rich, the powerful those that are oppressing us as a culture. Wikipedia:Sony, Wikipedia:RCA or Wikipedia:BMG, Universal, the radio stations, Wikipedia:Clear Channel, Wikipedia:Viacom with BET and Wikipedia:MTV, those are our oppressors, those are the people that we're trying to overcome in hiphop everyday, this is a daily thing. We cheered when 9/11 happened in New York and say that proudly here. Because when we were down at the trade center we were getting hit over the head by cops, told that we can’t come in this building, hustled down to the train station because of the way we dressed and talked, and so on, we were racially profiled. So, when the planes hit the building we were like, "mmmm, justice." And just as I began to say "now of course a lot of our friends and family were lost there as well" I was interrupted...
In late 2005, KRS was featured alongside Public Enemy's Wikipedia:Chuck D on the remix of the song "Bin Laden" by Wikipedia:Immortal Technique and Wikipedia:DJ Green Lantern, which blames American neo-conservatives, the Wikipedia:Reagan Doctrine and U.S. President Wikipedia:George W. Bush for the World Trade Center attacks, and indicates a parallel to the devaluation, destruction, and violence of urban housing project communities.
On April 29, 2007, KRS-One again defended his statements on the September 11 attacks when asked about them during an appearance on Hannity's America on the Wikipedia:Fox News network stating that he meant that people cheered that the establishment had taken a hit, not that people were dying or had died.[9] He also discussed amongst other things, the Wikipedia:Don Imus scandal and the use of profanity in hip-hop.
Gospel of Hip Hop comments
In an interview with Wikipedia:AllHipHop about his book "The Gospel of Hip Hop", KRS-One said:
"I’m suggesting that in 100 years, this book will be a new religion on the earth... I think I have the authority to approach God directly, I don’t have to go through any religion [or] train of thought. I can approach God directly myself and so I wrote a book called The Gospel of Hip Hop to free from all this nonsense garbage right now. I respect the Wikipedia:Christianity, the Wikipedia:Islam, the Wikipedia:Judaism but their time is up. ...In a hundred years, everything that I’m saying to you will be common knowledge and people will be like, 'Why did he have to explain this? Wasn’t it obvious?'"[10]
These comments have been referred to by numerous media outlets[11][12][13] such as the Wikipedia:AV Club who comment that "KRS-One writes 600-page hip-hop bible; blueprint for rap religion"[14] and "KRS-One has never been afraid to court controversy and provoke strong reactions. Now the Boogie Down Productions legend has topped himself by writing The Gospel of Hip Hop: The First Instrument, a mammoth treatise on the spirituality of hip-hop he hopes will some day become a sacred text of a new hip-hop religion".[14]
Stepson's death
Randy Hubbard Parker, stepson of KRS-One, was found dead in his Atlanta, Georgia apartment on July 6, 2007 in an apparent suicide; he was 23. Simone Parker, KRS-One's wife and Randy's mother, released a statement on July 10 that stated her son's death was related to his continuous battle with "severe depression". The Fulton County Medical Examiner's office stated that Parker died of a gunshot wound to the head, and listed the cause of death as suicide.[15] Parker was a graphic designer and fashion entrepreneur. A private memorial service was held on July 18 , which would have been his 24th birthday.[16]
Benefit for first responders
KRS-One spoke at a hip hop benefit concert on September 12, 2009 to benefit the first responders of 9/11 he spoke of non violence to take back the country. The event was presented by the 9/11 group We Are Change based in Wikipedia:New York City and SMT Studios.
Awards
- 2004, VH1 Hip Hop Honors
- 2007, I am Hip Hop
- 2007, Lifetime Achievement
- 2009, Living Legend Award
Discography
| Collaborative Albums | With | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Wikipedia:Hip Hop Lives | Wikipedia:Marley Marl | 2007 |
| Wikipedia:Survival Skills | Buckshot | 2009 |
| The Just-Ice and KRS-ONE EP Volume #1[17] | Wikipedia:Just-Ice | 2010 |
| Wikipedia:Meta-Historical | Wikipedia:True Master | 2010 |
| Wikipedia:It's ALL Good | Wikipedia:Greenie, Krs-One's Apprentice | 2010 |
| Wikipedia:Godsville | Showbiz | 2011 |
| Return of the Boom Bip[18] | Wikipedia:DJ Premier | 2011 |
Filmography
| Year | Film | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Wikipedia:I'm Gonna Git You Sucka | himself |
| 1993 | Wikipedia:Who's the Man? | Rashid |
| 1997 | Subway Stories: Tales from the Underground | Vendor |
| 1997 | Rhyme & Reason | himself |
| 2000 | Boricua's Bond | |
| 2000 | Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme | himself |
| 2002 | The Freshest Kids | himself |
| 2003 | 2Pac 4 Ever | Wikipedia:narrator |
| 2003 | Beef | himself |
| 2003 | Hip-Hop Babylon 2 | himself |
| 2003 | Soundz of Spirit | himself |
| 2003 | 5 Sides of a Coin | himself |
| 2003 | MuskaBeatz | himself |
| 2004 | War on Wax: Rivalries In Hip-Hop | himself |
| 2004 | The MC: Why We Do It | himself |
| 2004 | Wikipedia:Beef II | himself |
| 2004 | And You Don't Stop: 30 Years of Hip-Hop | himself |
| 2004 | Hip-Hop Honors | himself |
| 2004 | Keep Right | himself |
| 2005 | Zoom Prout Prout | himself |
| 2006 | A Letter to the President | himself |
| 2007 | Wikipedia:Bomb It | himself |
| 2008 | The Obama Deception | himself |
| 2009 | Wikipedia:Good Hair | himself |
Books
| Book | Year |
|---|---|
| Break the Chain KRS-ONE | 1994 |
| The Science of Rap (self published, 1996, out of print[19]) | 1996 |
| Ruminations (Welcome Rain Publishers, July 25, 2003, out of print[20]) | 2003 |
| The Gospel of Hip Hop: The First Instrument[21] | 2009 |
| This article contains content from Wikipedia. Current versions of the GNU FDL article KRS-One on WP may contain information useful to the improvement of this article | WP |
See also
References
- ↑ KRS-One is a vegetarian - Famous Vegetarians - Vegan Celebrities - by HappyCow. Happycow.net. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0361354/
- ↑ Marshall, Wayne: Follow Me Now: The Zigzagging Zunguzung Meme, April 2007. http://wayneandwax.com/?p=137.
- ↑ Syma rc helicopter - Best prices syma rc helicopter and buy cheap syma rc helicopter mini chinook. Krsone.org. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ KRS-One & Buckshot :: Survival Skills :: Duck Down Music. Rapreviews.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ Mick Boogie + Nvme + Duck Down Presents: Survival Kit - Free Download!!!. Duckdown.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ The Stop The Violence Movement - "Self Destruction", Wikipedia:discogs.com.
- ↑ Widdicombe, Ben, et al.. KRS-One, decency zero. New York Daily News. Archived from source 2006-12-11. URL accessed on 2005-09-06.
- ↑ KRS-ONE on Hannity's Hot Seat. YouTube. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ KRS Plans New Hip-Hop Religion With 'Gospel of Hip Hop'. Allhiphop.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ KRS-One Creates New Religion. Sputnikmusic. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ http://angryape.com/news/krs-one-forms-his-own-religion
- ↑ Friday, August 28 2009, 03:14 BST. Music - News - Rapper KRS-One 'starts own religion'. Digital Spy. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Rabin, Nathan KRS-One writes 600-page hip-hop bible; blueprint for rap religion | Music | Newswire. The A.V. Club. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ Williams, Houston. KRS-One’s Stepson Commits Suicide. AllHipHop.com: July 10, 2007.
- ↑ KRS-One's son found dead in apparent suicide | News. Nme.Com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ The Just-Ice and KRS-ONE EP, Vol. 1 by Just-Ice & KRS-One - Download The Just-Ice and KRS-ONE EP, Vol. 1 on iTunes. Itunes.apple.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ Daily News - : Exclusive: DJ Premier Breaks Down Year Round Records', New Compliation. Allhiphop.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ The Science of Rap: Lawrence KRS-ONE Parker: Books. Amazon.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ The Gospel of Hip Hop: The First Instrument (9781576874974): KRS-One: Books. Amazon.com. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
- ↑ The long awaited book from the legendary KRS ONE THE GOSPEL OF HIP HOP: FIRST INSTRUMENT. powerHouse Books. URL accessed on 2011-02-20.
External links
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