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October 4
October 4 is the 4th day in October.
Events[edit]
1226 — St. Francis of Assisi dies. Daily Bleed Saint 2003-2004 October 5
1244 — The Damascus Moslems, with their allies the Templars, Hospitalers, & other Franks, march on Cairo and the Khwarismians.
1535 — First complete English translation of the Bible printed in Zürich (Miles Coverdale's).
1582 — Pope Gregory the 13th declares tomorrow Friday, October 15, 1582. By leaping over 10 days, the Pope corrects the Julian calendar, which is ten days out of sync with the seasons. The new calendar is known as the Gregorian Calendar.
1582 — Spain: Saint Teresa of Ãvila died on the night from October 4 to October 15. that is, exactly when Spain and the Catholic world switched to the Gregorian calendar.
1607 — Zorilla Rojas lives.
1720 — Italian artist, architect Giovanni Piranesi lives. [1]
1797 — Author Jeremias Gotthelf (Albert Bitzius) lives.
1798 — United States of America: Republican Congressman Matthew Lyon of Vermont sentenced to four months in jail under the Sedition Act, after criticizing President Adams in a campaign speech.
1798 — England: William Wordsworth & Samuel Taylor Coleridge publish Lyrical Ballads. The book includes "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" and "Lines Written a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey." [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1812 — England: Poet Percy Bysshe Shelley personally meets the philosopher / anarchist William Godwin. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1816 — France: Eugene Pottier lives (1816 — 1887), Paris.
1830 — United States of America: A power printing press is patented by Isaac Adams, Boston. The power of the press belongs to those who own it. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1837 — Author Mary Elizabeth Braddon lives.
1855 — United States of America: Kamiakan, chief of the Yakama, defeats forces under Major Haller; first engagement of Yakama War.
1861 — Western artist Frederic Remington, lives, Canton, NY.
1862 — Edward L. Stratemeyer lives, New Jersey. Under the pseudonym Arthur M. Winfield he creates the Rover Boys; as Ralph Bonehill, the "Boy Hunter" series.
1864 — United States of America: "New Orleans Tribune," the first black daily newspaper, forms.
1877 — United States of America: Chief Joseph surrenders with starving remnant of Nez Perce people.
1879 — United States of America: "Freiheit," anarchist paper, lives. Johann Most, editor. [2] [3]
1884 — United States of America: First issue of “The Alarm,†a Chicago anarchist paper. [4]
1884 — Syndicated journalist/writer Damon Runyon lives, Manhattan, Kansas.
1884 — Avant garde writer Jun Tsuji, (who introduced Dadaism to Japan) lives (1884-1944), Tokyo. Author, poet, essayist, musician & bohemian. He translated Max Stirner's The Ego & its Own into Japanese.
1887 — United States of America: Louisiana sugar workers strike, 37 peaceful strikers murdered. Louisiana Militia, aided by bands of "prominent citizens," shot unarmed black sugar workers striking to gain a dollar-per-day wage, & lynched two strike leaders. [5]
1893 — United States of America: Emma Goldman tried in court, October 4-9; she is defended by A. Oakey Hall., an ex-mayor of New York. She denies uttering the words attributed to her by police detectives who monitored her speech. The jury finds Emma guilty of aiding & abetting an unlawful assemblage.
1897 — George Bernard Shaw play "The Devil's Disciple" makes its NYC premiere. [Source:Robert Braunwart] [6]
1900 — Sherlock Holmes adventure "The Problem of Thor Bridge" begins. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1901 — Renee Lamberet lives, Paris. Professor, militant anarchist & historian.
1902 — Switzerland: Lucien Tronchet lives (1902 — 1981), Geneva.
1907 — United States of America: Elizabeth Cady Stanton's daughter is barred from dining alone at a NY hotel. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1907 — English author [[Rudyard Kipling[[ takes a brief tour of Calgary, in Canada. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1910 — Portugal: 20 year old King Manuel II is overthrown as revolution breaks out. [7]
1910 — Jack London buys nine plot outlines from 25-year-old Sinclair Lewis for $52.50. [8] [9]
1910 — Mexico: Francisco Villa begins a revolt against Diaz's reelection (who celebrates his seventh "election" as president today) Chihuahua. Tomorrow Francisco I. Madero, Diaz's election opponent, is freed from prison (October 5 is also the date on Madero's Plan de San Luis Potosi (anti-Diaz revolt). [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1912 — Nicaragua: Assassination of Nicaraguan patriot & resistance fighter BenjamÃn Zeledón, who fought against the US occupiers; US marines defeat Nicaraguans under Zeledón, Coyotepe hill. [10]
1913 — E.M. Forster finishes writing his gay novel Maurice (published 1971). [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1917 — France: Anarchists go on trial in Paris, October 4-11th, for publishing a clandestine issue of the newspaper "Le Libertaire." on June 15th. The audacity of their act, along with their now opportune renewed professions of anarchism & pacifism, result in heavy sentences.
1917 — Italy: Il governo emana un decreto che punisce chi contribuisca con atti o parole a "deprimere lo spirito pubblico." Il decreto servirà per operare l'arresto e la condanna di numerosi dirigenti socialisti. [Source: Crimini e Misfatti]
1920 — United States of America: During this month the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee begins publishing the Italian-language journal, "l'Agitazione" (1920-1925), edited by Aldino Felicani. [I don't have the exact day --ed.] [11]
1928 — Author Alvin Toffler lives.
1934 — Malvin Gray Johnson dies, New York City. His deceptively simple paintings, with their warm colors & serene, sensuous charm, had earned him a large & loyal group of admirers during the Harlem Renaissance.
1939 — Canada: Under provisions of Canada's War Measures Act, three Italian immigrant anarchists, Arthur Bortolotti, Ruggero Benvenuti, Ernest Gava, and a Cuban, Marco Joachim, are arrested for possession of antifascist "subversive literature," including anarchist classics. Bortolotti is also found in possession of a handgun & faces deportation to Mussolini's Italy if convicted. Emma Goldman works tirelessly over the succeeding months for Bortolotti's defense, organizing a committee, hiring counsel, & raising funds from sympathizers in Canada & the US. Goldmanpostpones her proposed lecture tour to western Canada in order to give her full attention to the defense of the Italian comrades.
1941 — Jackie Collins lives (1941? according to some, late 1930s). Her pop romance stories, situated in the world of Hollywood are immensely popular. Sex and violence are tightly woven into plot-boilers from 'an insider who can write like an outsider about the inside'. [12]
1941 — Anne Rice, lives, New Orleans. [13]
1941 — Lithuania: The Nazis remove 15,000 Jews from Little Ghetto of Kovno for execution. [Source:Robert Braunwart] [14]
1943 — United States of America: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) chairman & black nationalist H. Rap Brown lives, Baton Rouge, La.
1943 — Germany: Himmler says the extermination of European Jews will be a "never-to-be-written page of glory" for Germany. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1944 — William Douglas-Home jailed for one year for refusing to attack Le Havre, France.
1944 — Artist Pablo Picasso joins the Communist Party. If he had joined in Cuba he could have joined the Cubist Communist Party. After viewing a collection of children's drawings) "When I was their age I could draw like Raphael, but it took me a lifetime to learn to draw like them." [Source:Robert Braunwart] [15]
1946 — United States of America: Navy seizes oil refineries (half the US refining capacity) in this country to break a 20-state post-war strike (mostly wildcat). The Truman Administration formally intervenes between capital & organized labor to help settle certain, mostly peaceful strikes with modest gains for labor, as with the CIO-led 30-state US Steel strike. Yet Truman ultimately suppressed this strike wave (1945-46) by calling out the military ("workers in uniform") not only restore social order but also to run key sectors of the economy until the more rebellious elements of this strike wave could be rebridled. [Jeremy Brecher states this occurred in 1945, but this appears to be in error. See his book, Strike!, p228., which has excellent background material on the period —ed.] [16]
1955 — United States of America: A freight train derails & crashes into a nearby beauty parlor & hardware store after being hit by an out-of-control lumber truck; the truck driver & four bystanders are killed, West Newton, Pennsylvania.
1955 — During this Fall: Author Jack Kerouac meets Kenneth Rexroth, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen, Michael McClure. [I don't have month or day, but presumably prior to the famed Gallery Six readings. —ed.] [17]
1956 — Yugoslavia: Author Milovan Djilas is sentenced to a further term for hostile propaganda. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1957 — Sputnik 1 launched by USSR, beginning Space Age.
1959 — Industrial painting manifesto Per un'arte unitaria applicabile (For a unitary applicable art) by Pinot Gallizio, in the review Notizie: arti figurative #9, Turin. [Exact day not given —ed.] [Situationist Resources]
1961 — Bob Dylan makes his concert hall debut at New York's Carnegie Hall. About 50 people attended, mostly friends, & he earned 20 bucks.
1961 — United States of America: Mass arrest of three SNCC members and 110 Negro high school students praying on McComb City Hall steps in protest of Lee's slaying & suspension of two Freedom Riders — ends SNCC voter registration project.
1962 — United States of America: President JFK calls for more sabotage against Cuba (Operation Mongoose). To "protect the interests" of Camelot. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1962 — Denmark: Situationistisk Revolution #1, bulletin of the Scandinavian section of the SI, published, in Randers. Edited by J.V. Martin. [Exact day not given —ed.]
1963 — Songster Johnny Cash is arrested at the Mexican border carrying 1,163 pills. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1965 — United States of America: Psychedelic Shop closes & Thelins go to Washington DC for exorcism of Pentagon. [18] [19]
1966 — United States of America: Major accident at Enrico Fermi nuclear reactor near Detroit.
1967 — United States of America: First baseball World Series since 1948 not to feature Yanks, Giants or Dodgers.
1968 — "El Nodo" revamps & becomes a cinematographic magazine. [20]
1968 — Science fiction author Harlan Ellison's "The Glass Teat," a TV criticism column, first appears in the "Los Angeles Free Press." [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1970 — Janis Joplin is found dead of an apparent heroin overdose in her room at the Landmark Hotel in Hollywood. The 27 year old had just finished recording her second solo album, "Pearl." [21]
1971 — South Vietnam: President Thieu, running unopposed, declares his winning margin an "achievement for democracy." Well-trained, he talks just like an American by his American masters.
1974 — Ex-CIA agent Philip Agee publishes the names of 37 CIA spies, in an effort to undermine the CIA's terrorist policies of murder, kidnapping, torture, assassination & other crimes against humanity. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1976 — United States of America: Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz resigns after telling a joke about "niggers."
1977 — India: Former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi released from police custody less than 24 hours after her arrest on charges of political corruption.
1982 — United States of America: Ben Sasway becomes first public draft non-registrant imprisoned for failure to register. Madison, Wisconsin.
1982 — United States of America: Acting President Reagan suggests that since he sees big "help-wanted sections" in the Sunday papers, unemployment must be caused by a lot of lazy people who'd just rather not work.
1983 — United States of America: "Vietnam: A Television History" (13 weekly segments) premiers.
1985 — Shiite Muslims claim to have killed hostage William Buckley.
1985 — United States of America: Funding for the Experimental Head Injury Lab at the University of Pennsylvania is indefinitely suspended when their cruel animal usage is revealed.
1985 — England: One hundred plus loot shops & attack cops in Oxford. [Source: Calendar Riots]
1986 — United States of America: Two thugs attack CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather yelling "What's The Frequency Kenneth?" Ten years later R.E.M. will write a song called, "What's The Frequency, Kenneth?" Rather still rather doesn't know anyhow. [22]
1988 — Algeria: "Bloody Week" of protests against economic austerity begins, 200 die (-October 10). [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1988 — Canada: Canadians victimized by American CIA brainwashing experiments at McGill University in the 1950s settle out of court for $750,000. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1988 — UN: Daniel Ortega speech lists 31 US interventions in Central America from 1855 to 1981 (Actually there were at least 40 US military interventions in Mexico, Central America & the Caribbean in those years). Acting President & a magnifient scholar, Ronnie Reagan says, in September 1990, "We have never interfered in the internal government of a country." [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1991 — Leonard C. Odell, author of 7,000 Burma Shave poems, dies at 83. By the 1950s, when long-distance motorists were lucky to average 30 miles per hour, Odell had 7,000 quintets of signs strung along US roadsides.
1992 — Singer Sinead O'Connor rips up a picture of the pope during an appearance on TV's "Saturday Night Live." The ensuing uproar does much to damage O'Connor's popularity.
1992 — Canada: Bodies of 53 Solar Temple cultists are found, in Quebec & also Switzerland. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
1997 — United States of America: Demonstrations in Washington, D.C., and across the country (including Seattle) protest the scheduled launch of the space probe Cassini with a plutonium payload.
2000 — Bolivia: Riot police tear gas students during protests outside the university in La Paz. Tensions mounted after the government reiterated threats to deploy troops if coca growers, peasants & teachers did not take down roadblocks erected 17 days ago in a nationwide strike.
2057 — Spaceship "Cosmos" is launched in Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2061. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
2363 — Outer Space: Fifth "USS Enterprise" is commissioned, Utopia Planitia, Mars. [Source:Robert Braunwart]
