Wigund

Wigund (Вигунт, Wingont, Вингонт, Wingolt, Вонгут; 1325 – 12 August 1399 Battle of the Worsklą River) was the Prince of Trubetsk 14 February 1386 – 1394, 1396 – 12 August 1399, Pskov 1341 – 1343, 134? – 1348, 1377 – 1386, 1394 – 1396, Polock 1342 – 1387, and Lukoml 1342 – 1387. In 1342 he was baptized in Moscow as Orthodox, and February 14, 1386 in Krakow as Roman Catholic. In 1239, after the Mongol invasion of Ruthenia, The Principality of Trubetsk passed to Wigund’s brother Dymitr I Starszy, the Grand Prince of Briańsk etc., and then to Wigund, and the other Princes of Trubetsk. In 1348 Pleskov became again independent of Novgorod Republic, and established again The Principality of Pskov, which was an aristocratic oligarchy, commonly called the Pskov Republic. In the later part of the 14th century, Wigund’s nephew Grand Prince Witold and Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow started a rivalry for fertile southern lands of Ruthenia, formerly controlled by the Golden Horde. As the Tatar power was on the wane, Dmitriy soundly defeated the Horde at the Snipes' Field (1380), only to be besieged in Moscow several years later by Khan Tokhtamysh. The strengthening ties of The Principality of Pskov with Muscovy had caused by economic development and foreign policy objectives, Pskov’s participation in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, and successful joint struggle against The Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. When King Louis I of Hungary died in 1382, the Archbishop of Cracow Jan Radlica crowned the younger daughter as "Jadwiga, King of Poland" – technically speaking, she was a King, not a Queen. The szlachta prevailed upon her to end her engagement with William, Duke of Austria, and instead to marry Wigund’s brother Jogaila, Grand Prince of Lithuania, whose country had returned to Slavic paganism after a brief period of Christian Kingdom of Lithuania in the 1250s.

Wawel Cathedral in Kraków where Wigund was baptised.

In February 14 and 15, 1386 brothers Wigund, Jogaila, Korybut, Lingweni, Korygiello, Wigunt-Aleksander etc. baptised and converted to Catholicism at the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków. Jogaila was crowned king of Poland as Władysław, a name chosen in honor of Jadwiga's great-grandfather, the unifier. As a result of the new conflicts within the Golden Horde, Tokhtamysh was dethroned by the party of khan Temur Kutlugh and emir Edigu, supported by the great Tamerlane. When Tokhtamysh asked Witold for assistance, the latter readily gathered a huge army which included Ruthenians, Lithuanians, Mongols, Muscovites, Poles, Romanians, and Teutonic knights. His army met the Tatars at the Worskla River, a tributary to the Dnieper. Although the Lithuanian army was well equipped with cannons, it could not resist a rear attack from Edigu's reserve units. Witold could hardly escape alive, many princes of his kin were killed, although as Wigund, his brother Dymitr I Starszy, brother’s son Iwan Dmitrejewicz Skindyr, Stefan Musat, Prince of Moldavia and two of his brothers, while a forth was badly injured, and the victorious Tatars besieged Kijów. "And the Christian blood had flown like a water, up to the Kievan walls", as one chronicler put it. Meanwhile Temur Kutlugh died from the wounds received in the battle, and Tokhtamysh was killed by one of his own men. Witold’s defeat at the Worskla effectively blocked expansion of The Grand Principality of Lithuania to Southern Ruthenia. His enormous state also lost hard-won access to the Black Sea. The political activity of Litvins was then switched to the fight for northern principalities, such as The Principality of Smolensk.

Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) under Wladyslaw II Jagiello, Wigund’s brother, at the end of 14th century.

Mother

Maria Witebska 1318 (? – 1346)

Father

Olgierd (ca 1296 – end of May 1377), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1345 – 1377

Brothers

Dymitr I Starszy (1327 – 12 August 1399 Battle of the Vorskla River), Grand Prince of Trubetsk 1357 – 1379, Bryansk 1357 – 1379, 1390 - 1399, Starodub 1383, 87 or 88 – 1397, and the Prince of Druck 13?? – 13??, & Pereyaslav-Zalesski 1379 - 1388; the forefather of Trubetskys

Konstantyn (14th century – 1386/before 30 October 1390), Prince of Czernihów, and Czartorysk

Wlodzimierz (14th century – after October 1398), Grand Prince of Kijów 1362 – 1395, Sluck, Kopylsk 1395

Fiodor (Theodore; 14th century – 1399), Prince of Rylsk 1370 – 1399, Ratnie 1387 – 1394, Briansk 1393

Skirgiello (Iwan; ca 1354 – 11 January 1397 Kijow), Prince of Trock 1382 – 1395, Polock 1387, Kijow 1395 – 1397, Prince regent of Lithuania 1386 – 1392

Wladyslaw II Jagiello (Jogailo; ca 1351 – 1 June 1434 Grodek Jagiellonski), Grand Prince of Lithuania 1377 – November 1381, 3 August 1382 – 5 August 1392, King of Poland 1386 – 1434

Korybut (Dymitr; after 1350 – after 1404), Prince of Nowogród Siewierski 1386 – 1392/93

Lingweni (Szymon; 14th century – after 19 June 1431), Prince of Mscislaw, regent of Great Novgorod

Korygiello (Kazimierz; after 1350 – 1390/1392 Wilno), Chancellor in Mscislaw

Wigunt (Вигунт, Wingont, Aleksander, Александр; after 1350 – 28 June 1392), Prince of Kiernow

Swidrygiello (Boleslaw; 1355 – 10 February 1452 Luck), Prince of Witebsk 1392 – 1393, 1430 – 1436, Podolia 1400 – 1402, Nowogród Siewierski 1404 – 1408, 1420 – 1438, Czernihow 1419 – 1430, Grand Prince of Lithuania 7 October 1430 – 1 September 1432, pan Volynia 1437 – 1452

Sisters

Fiedora Titowiczowa (born 14th century; m. after 1376 Prince Swjatoslaw Titowicz of Karaczów and Zwenigorod

Nowosielska (14th century; m. Prince Iwan Nowosielski i Odojewski

Agrypina (Maria; 14th century – 1393; m. 1354 Prince Boris of Nizhni-Novgorod and Suzdal

Helena of Moscow (Evpraksija, Helena Olgierdowna; after 1350 – 15 September 1438), m. winter 1371/1372 Prince Vladimir Andreievich of Borovsk, Prince of Serpukhovsk and third part of The Principality of Moscow, Prince of Volock and Rzhev 1389 – 1405, Gorodetsk and Uglich 1405 – 1410

Kenna Slupska (Joanna; ca 1350 – 27 April 1368), m. after 1360 Kazimierz IV Slupski (Kazko Slupski), Prince of Pomerania

Maria Olgierdowna (after 1350 - ?), 1m: 1354 Boris, Grand Prince of Suzdal; 2m: 1379 Wojdylo, Starost of Lida; 3m: Dawid, Prince of Grodno

Aleksandra Olgierdowna (ca 1370 – 19 June 1434), m. 1387 Siemowit IV Plocki, Prince of Masovia in Czersk, Rawa Mazowiecka, Sochaczew, Plock, Gostynin, Plonsk, Wizna, Kujawy and Belz

Wilheida (Katarzyna; after 1350 – after 4 April 1422), m. 1388 Johann II zu Mecklenburg-Stargard, Duke of Mecklenburg 1392/1393 – 1416, Master of Stargard, Sternberg, Friedland, Fürstenberg, and Lychen since 1408

Jadwiga Oswiecimska (after 1350 – after 13 May 1400), m. 1394 Prince Hanus III Oswiecimski, Prince of Oswiecim 1395/96 – 1405

Sons

Ostey Wigundowicz (Michal; ? – Moscow 1382/1385)

Szymon Wigundowicz (? – 1387)

Iwan Wigundowicz Pskowski (? – after 1437), Prince of Pskov 1389/1396 – 1399

Pskov Kremlin, Wigund’s home castle

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See also

Gediminids

Trubetsky

External links

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