Difference between revisions of "ecovillage"

Revision as of 20:24, 5 December 2007

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-'''Ecovillages''' are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically [[sustainability|sustainable]] [[intentional communities]]. Most aim for a population of 50-150 individuals because this size is considered an optimal [[social network]] according to findings from [[sociology]] and [[anthropology]] [Hill & Dunbar, 2002].  Larger towns of up to 2000 people are sometimes described as ecovillages, but technically, such ecomunicipalities transcend the definition of a single village and more properly describe clusters of same, each, perhaps, focusing on a different aspect of economy. Settlements of less than 100 are sometimes called ''"ecohamlets"''.
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-Ecovillage members are united by shared [[ecological]], social or spiritual values (''see'' [[intentional community]]).  An ecovillage is often composed of people who have chosen an alternative to centralized power, water and sewage systems.  Many see the breakdown of traditional forms of community, wasteful [[consumerism|consumerist]] lifestyles, the destruction of natural habitat, urban sprawl, factory farming, and over-reliance on fossil fuels, as trends that must be changed to avert ecological disaster.  They see small-scale communities with minimal ecological impact as an alternative.  However, such communities often cooperate with peer villages in networks of their own (''see'' [[Global Ecovillage Network]] for an example).  This model of collective action is similar to that of [[Ten Thousand Villages]], which supports the [[fair trade]] of goods worldwide.
-In 1991, [[Robert Gilman]] set out a definition of an ecovillage that was to become a standard.  Gilman defined an ecovillage as a:
-*[[human-scale]]
-*full-featured settlement
-*in which human activities are harmlessly integrated into the natural world
-*in a way that is supportive of healthy human development, and
-*can be successfully continued into the indefinite future. [http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC29/Gilman1.htm ]
-Note: In recent years, Gilman has stated that he would also add the criterion that an ecovillage must have ''multiple centres of initiative''.
-The principles on which ecovillages rely can be applied to [[urban area|urban]] and [[rural]] settings, as well as to developing and developed countries. Advocates seek infrastructural independence and a sustainable lifestyle (for example, of [[voluntary simplicity]]) for inhabitants with a minimum of trade outside the local area, or [[ecoregion]].  Rural ecovillages are usually based on [[organic farming]], [[permaculture]] and other approaches which promote [[ecosystem]] function and [[biodiversity]].  Some ecovillages integrate many of the design principles of [[cohousing]], but with a greater ecological focus and a more "organic" process, typical of permaculture design.
-An ecovillage usually relies on:
-* "[[green economics|Green]]" [[infrastructural capital]];
-*[[autonomous building]] or clustered housing, to minimize [[ecological footprint]];
-*[[renewable energy]];
-*[[permaculture]];
-*[[cohousing]] or other forms of supportive community.
-* The goal of most ecovillages is to be a [[Sustainable habitat]] providing for most of its needs on site.
-Its organization usually relies on organizative principles akin to [[eco-anarchism]], or depends upon some [[instructional capital]] or [[moral code]]s - a minimal [[civics]]:
-*[[Local purchasing]] so as to support the local economy;
-*[[local food]] production and distribution;
-*[[moral purchasing]] to avoid objectionable [[consumption]];
-*[[consensus decision-making]] for governance;
-*a choice to [[respect diversity]].
-The term ''ecovillage'' should not be confused with [[micronation]], a strictly legal, not infrastructural, concept.
-==References==
-*Christian, D.  2003.  ''[http://www.creating-a-life-together.org/ Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities]''  New Society Publishers.  ISBN 0865714711
-*Hill, R. and Dunbar, R. 2002. "Social Network Size in Humans."  Human Nature, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 53-72. [http://www.liv.ac.uk/evolpsyc/Hill_Dunbar_networks.pdf] [http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:sZ_e9TbhRboJ:www.liv.ac.uk/evolpsyc/Hill_Dunbar_networks.pdf+social+network+size&hl=en&gl=ca&ct=clnk&cd=1]
-*Jackson, H. and Svensson, K. 2002.  ''Ecovillage Living: Restoring the Earth and Her People''.  Green Books.  ISBN 1903998166
-==See also==
-*[[bioneer]]
-*[[eco-feminism]]
-*[[green politics]]
-*[[sustainable habitat]]
-*[[green syndicalism]]
-*[[intentional community]]
-*[[list of ecovillages]]
-==External links==
-* [http://gen.ecovillage.org/index_body.html  Global Ecovillage Network]
-* [http://directory.ic.org/ Communities Directory, online]
-* [http://www.eurotopia.de/ Directory of Intentional Communities and Ecovillages in Europe]
-* [http://www.icdb.org  Intentional Community and Ecovillage Database]
-* [http://www.ic.org  The Intentional Communities website]
-* [http://ena.ecovillage.org/ Ecovillage Network of the Americas]
-* [http://www.context.org/ICLIB/IC29/TOC29.htm Living Together: Sustainable Community Development]
-* [http://ecovillage.wikicities.com/wiki/Main_Page Ecovillage Wiki]
-* [http://www.habiter-autrement.org/05.eco-village/03_eco.htm The Ecovillage Model]
-[[Category:Utopian communities]]
-[[Category:Sustainability]]
-[[Category:Intentional communities]]
-[[Category:Decentralized organizational structures]]
-[[de:Ã–kosiedlung]]
-[[es:ecoaldea]]
-[[eo:ekovilaÄo]]
-[[fr:Liste d'Ã‰covillages/Ã‰cohameaux]]
-[[it:ecovillaggio]]
-{{wikipedia|Ecovillage}}

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