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| − | + | '''Paedophilia''' (etymology: from Ancient Greek παιδόφιλος (''paidophilos'') - παῖς (''pais'', "boy, child") and φιλÎω (''phileÅ'', "I love"),<ref>[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedophilia Wiktionary definition]</ref> also spelt '''pedophilia''', is a sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children. While the exact definition varies by context, it commonly refers to the medical definition defined in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' published by the ''American Psychiatric Association''. The correct term for an attraction to adolescents is [[ephebophilia]]. | |
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| − | + | Those who meet the criteria set above are classed as '''paedophiles'''. Common usage do not follow the strict medical definitions of an adult or teen who is attracted to ''prepubescent'' children, but often refers to any adult who is attracted to, or has sexual contact with, any person under the [[age of consent]], or the age of majority (often 16-18 in most western countries). | |
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| − | + | In popular usage, the word ''paedophilia'' is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name="setovii">{{cite book |last= Seto |first= Michael |date= 2008|title= Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children |location= Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychological Association|page= vii}}</ref> This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.<ref name=ames>{{cite journal | author = Ames MA, Houston DA | title = Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia | journal = Arch Sex Behav | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 333–42 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2205170 | doi = 10.1007/BF01541928 }}</ref> Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because many child sexual abuse offenders are not paedophiles,<ref name=Oxford>{{Cite book| last1 = Blaney | first1 = Paul H. | last2 = Millon | first2 = Theodore | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology) |edition= 2nd | year= 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | quote = Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference.| isbn = 0-19-537421-5 | pages = 528}}</ref><ref name="Edwards">Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". ''Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series'' (12), 74-75.</ref> and not all paedophiles molest children.<ref name="feelgood">{{cite journal | author = Feelgood S, Hoyer J | year = 2008 | title = Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children | journal = Journal of Sexual Aggression | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–43 | doi=10.1080/13552600802133860}}</ref><ref name=SetoReview>Seto MC. (2009) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153618 Pedophilia]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391–407.</ref> | |
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| − | + | ==Societal views== | |
| − | : | + | Paedophilia is generally stigmatised in society.<ref name="jahnkeblind">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Hoyer, J. | year = 2013 | title = Stigma against people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research? | journal = International Journal of Sexual Health | volume = 25 | page = 169–184}}</ref> One study reported high levels of anger, fear and social rejection even towards pedophiles who have not committed a crime.<ref name="jahnkesurveys">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., Hoyer, J. | year = 2015 | title = Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | page = 21-34}}</ref> The authors suggested such attitudes could negatively impact child sexual abuse prevention by reducing pedophiles' mental stability and discouraging them from seeking help.<ref name="jahnkeblind" /> |
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| − | + | Early research showed that there was a great deal of misunderstanding and unrealistic perceptions in the general public about child sexual abuse and pedophiles.<ref>{{cite journal | author = McCartan, K. | title = 'Here There Be Monsters': the public's perception of paedophiles with particular reference to Belfast and Leicester | journal = Medicine, Science and the Law | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–42 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15573972 | doi = 10.1258/rsmmsl.44.4.327 }}</ref> | |
| − | + | ===Misuse of medical terminology=== | |
| + | The words ''paedophile'' and ''paedophilia'' are sometimes used informally to describe an adult's sexual interest in pubescent or post-pubescent teenagers. The terms ''[[hebephilia]]'' or ''[[ephebophilia]]'' are more accurate in these cases.<ref name=britannica>{{Cite web|title=pedophilia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058932 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> | ||
| − | + | Another common usage of ''pedophilia'' is to refer to the act of sexual abuse itself,<ref name="setovii" /> rather than the medical meaning, which is a ''preference'' for prepubescents on the part of the older individual.<ref>see [[Wikipedia:Pedophilia#Prevalence and child molestation|"prevalence and child molestation" on Wikipedia's entry for paedophilia]] for an explanation of the distinction.</ref><ref name="ames" /> There are also situations where the terms are misused to refer to relationships where the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them.<ref name="www.huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite news| last = Guzzardi| first = Will| title = Andy Martin, GOP Senate Candidate, Calls Opponent Mark Kirk A "De Facto Pedophile" | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/06/andy-martin-gop-senate-ca_n_413624.html | date = 2010-01-06| accessdate = 15 January 2010 | work=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>Seligman, M. (1993). ''What you can change and what you can't'', page 235. New York: Fawcett Columbine.</ref> Researchers state that the above uses of the term ''pedophilia'' are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided.<ref name="ames"/> The [[Wikipedia:Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic]] states that ''pedophilia'' "is not a criminal or legal term".<ref name=mayoclinic>{{cite journal | author = Hall RC, Hall RC | title = A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues | journal = Mayo Clin. Proc. | volume = 82 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–71 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17418075 | doi = 10.4065/82.4.457 }}</ref> | |
| − | + | ===Paedophile advocacy groups=== | |
| + | From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several paedophile membership organizations advocated to lower or abolish [[age of consent]] laws,<ref name=jenkins2006>{{Cite book|title=Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120|isbn=0-19-517866-1}}</ref><ref name="spiegel">{{Cite book|title=Sexual Abuse of Males: The Sam Model of Theory and Practice |last= Spiegel |first=Josef |year=2003 |pages=5, p9 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 1-56032-403-1}}</ref><ref name="Eichewald4">{{Cite news|author=Eichewald, Kurt |title=From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach|publisher=New York Times|date=August 21, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html}}</ref> as well as for the acceptance of paedophilia as a [[sexual orientation]] rather than a psychological disorder,<ref name="Bernard">{{Cite journal|title=The Dutch Paedophile Emancipation Movement |author= Dr. Frits Bernard, |journal=Paidika: the Journal of Paedophilia |volume= 1| issue = 2, (Autumn 1987), p. 35–4 |quote=Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and paedophilia should be considered equally valuable forms of human behavior.}}</ref> and for the legalization of [[child pornography]].<ref name="Eichewald4"/> The efforts of paedophile advocacy groups did not gain majority public support<ref name=jenkins2006/><ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=jenkins1992>{{Cite book|title=Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=1992 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |page=75 |isbn=0-202-30436-1 |quote=In the 1970s, the pedophile movement was one of several fringe groups whose cause was to some extent espoused in the name of gay liberation.}}</ref><ref name=stanton>{{Cite book|title=Discourses of Sexuality: From Aristotle to AIDS |first=Domna C. |last=Stanton |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |page=405|isbn= 0-472-06513-0}}</ref><ref name=hagan>{{Cite book|title=Deviance and the family |first=Domna C. |last= Hagan |author2=Marvin B. Sussman |year= 1988 |publisher=Haworth Press|page=131|isbn= 0-86656-726-7}}</ref> and today many paedophile advocacy groups have been dissolved and have minimal membership.<ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=hagan/><ref>Benoit Denizet-Lewis (2001). "[http://web.archive.org/web/20050325090306/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=27 Boy Crazy]", Boston Magazine.</ref><ref>Trembaly, Pierre (2002). [http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/trembaly_2002__social_inter.pdf "Social interactions among paedophiles"].</ref> | ||
| − | + | == References == | |
| − | + | {{Reflist}} | |
| − | == | + | {{wikipedia|Pedophilia}} |
| − | + | [[Category:Crime by type]][[Category:Human sexuality]][[Category:Pedophilia]][[Category:Philosophy of sexuality]][[Category:Sex crimes]][[Category:Sexcrime]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Taboos]] | |
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Latest revision as of 16:48, 8 February 2015
Paedophilia (etymology: from Ancient Greek παιδόφιλος (paidophilos) - παῖς (pais, "boy, child") and φιλÎω (phileÅ, "I love"),[1] also spelt pedophilia, is a sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children. While the exact definition varies by context, it commonly refers to the medical definition defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association. The correct term for an attraction to adolescents is ephebophilia.
Those who meet the criteria set above are classed as paedophiles. Common usage do not follow the strict medical definitions of an adult or teen who is attracted to prepubescent children, but often refers to any adult who is attracted to, or has sexual contact with, any person under the age of consent, or the age of majority (often 16-18 in most western countries).
In popular usage, the word paedophilia is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of child sexual abuse.[2] This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.[3] Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because many child sexual abuse offenders are not paedophiles,[4][5] and not all paedophiles molest children.[6][7]
Contents
Societal views[edit]
Paedophilia is generally stigmatised in society.[8] One study reported high levels of anger, fear and social rejection even towards pedophiles who have not committed a crime.[9] The authors suggested such attitudes could negatively impact child sexual abuse prevention by reducing pedophiles' mental stability and discouraging them from seeking help.[8]
Early research showed that there was a great deal of misunderstanding and unrealistic perceptions in the general public about child sexual abuse and pedophiles.[10]
Misuse of medical terminology[edit]
The words paedophile and paedophilia are sometimes used informally to describe an adult's sexual interest in pubescent or post-pubescent teenagers. The terms hebephilia or ephebophilia are more accurate in these cases.[11]
Another common usage of pedophilia is to refer to the act of sexual abuse itself,[2] rather than the medical meaning, which is a preference for prepubescents on the part of the older individual.[12][3] There are also situations where the terms are misused to refer to relationships where the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them.[13][14] Researchers state that the above uses of the term pedophilia are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided.[3] The Mayo Clinic states that pedophilia "is not a criminal or legal term".[15]
Paedophile advocacy groups[edit]
From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several paedophile membership organizations advocated to lower or abolish age of consent laws,[16][17][18] as well as for the acceptance of paedophilia as a sexual orientation rather than a psychological disorder,[19] and for the legalization of child pornography.[18] The efforts of paedophile advocacy groups did not gain majority public support[16][18][20][21][22] and today many paedophile advocacy groups have been dissolved and have minimal membership.[18][22][23][24]
References[edit]
- ↑ Wiktionary definition
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Seto, Michael (2008). Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ames MA, Houston DA, ({{{year}}}). "Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia," Arch Sex Behav, 19, 333–42.
- ↑ (2009) Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology), 2nd, p. 528, Oxford University Press, USA. "Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference."
- ↑ Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series (12), 74-75.
- ↑ Feelgood S, Hoyer J, (2008). "Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children," Journal of Sexual Aggression, 14, 33–43.
- ↑ Seto MC. (2009) Pedophilia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391–407.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jahnke, S., Hoyer, J., (2013). "Stigma against people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research?," International Journal of Sexual Health, 25, 169–184.
- ↑ Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., Hoyer, J., (2015). "Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys," Archives of Sexual Behavior, 24, 21-34.
- ↑ McCartan, K., (2004). "'Here There Be Monsters': the public's perception of paedophiles with particular reference to Belfast and Leicester," Medicine, Science and the Law, 44, 327–42.
- ↑ pedophilia. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ↑ see "prevalence and child molestation" on Wikipedia's entry for paedophilia for an explanation of the distinction.
- ↑ Guzzardi, Will (2010-01-06). "Andy Martin, GOP Senate Candidate, Calls Opponent Mark Kirk A "De Facto Pedophile"". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/06/andy-martin-gop-senate-ca_n_413624.html. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
</li>
- ↑ Seligman, M. (1993). What you can change and what you can't, page 235. New York: Fawcett Columbine.
- ↑ Hall RC, Hall RC, (2007). "A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues," Mayo Clin. Proc., 82, 457–71.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Jenkins, Philip (2006). Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America, Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Spiegel, Josef (2003). Sexual Abuse of Males: The Sam Model of Theory and Practice, p. 5, p9, Routledge.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Eichewald, Kurt (August 21, 2006). "From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html. </li>
- ↑ Dr. Frits Bernard,, ({{{year}}}). "The Dutch Paedophile Emancipation Movement," Paidika: the Journal of Paedophilia, 1, .
- ↑ Jenkins, Philip (1992). Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain, Aldine Transaction. "In the 1970s, the pedophile movement was one of several fringe groups whose cause was to some extent espoused in the name of gay liberation."
- ↑ Stanton, Domna C. (1992). Discourses of Sexuality: From Aristotle to AIDS, University of Michigan Press.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Hagan, Domna C. (1988). Deviance and the family, Haworth Press.
- ↑ Benoit Denizet-Lewis (2001). "Boy Crazy", Boston Magazine.
- ↑ Trembaly, Pierre (2002). "Social interactions among paedophiles".
</ol>
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