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| − | '''George Engel''' ([[April 15]], [[1836]] [[Kassel|Cassel]], [[Germany]] - [[November 11]], [[1887]]) was an [[anarchist]] and [[labor union]] activist executed after the [[Haymarket Riot|Haymarket riot]], along with [[Albert Parsons]], [[August Spies]], and [[Adolph Fischer]].
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| − | ==Early Life==
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| − | George Engel was born to an impoverished family with three other children. His father, Konrad, a mason and bricklayer, died when he was less than two years old. His mother died when he was 12, leaving him an [[orphan]]. He lived for a short time with a [[foster care|foster family]], but at the age of 14 was forced to look for work. He was apprenticed to a shoemaker, but was unable to afford the dues.
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| − | He travelled to [[Frankfurt, Germany|Frankfurt]] and finally found work as a painter's apprentice. He travelled around [[Germany]] working, and in 1868 opened a business of his own. He married the same year, but found that the economic conditions in Germany made survival difficult, and so decided to follow his boyhood dream of emigrating to the [[United States]]. He left Germany in 1872, arriving first in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] in [[January]] 1873, where he worked in a sugar refinery. In 1874, he left Philadelphia and moved to [[Chicago, Illinois]], where he later, in 1876, was to open his own toyshop.
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| − | ==Activism==
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| − | Working at a factory, Engel first became acquainted with [[socialism]] when one of his coworkers took him to a meeting of the [[International Workingmen's Association]]. He soon joined. In 1878, a crack down on socialist organizations lead to the dissolution of the IWA, but Engel was instrumental in forming another organization, the Socialistic Labor Party of North America, and finally, in 1882 he joined the new International Working People's Association.
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| − | ==Haymarket Square==
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| − | On [[May 3]], [[1886]], after hearing about the massacre at the McCormick Plant earlier that day, he attended a meeting at Grief's Hall. This meeting, later dubbed by prosecutors the "Monday Night Conspiracy" was used to prove that there was a conspiracy in the bombing at the Haymarket. A witness claimed that Engel had arranged a plan to storm and/or [[dynamite]] police stations and shoot policeman should trouble occur.<ref>[http://www.chicagohs.org/hadc/tranSCRIPT/volumei/051-100/I053-075.htm HADC - Testimony of Godfried Waller (first appearance), 1886 July 16<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Engel claims it was a meeting only "in which it was proposed to give aid to any strikers if the police or the Pinkertons should attack said strikers."
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| − | The following night, May 4, as the bombing took place, Engel was not in Haymarket square, but was at home playing cards. Nevertheless he was arrested the next day and charged with [[conspiracy]] in the bombings. At 50, he was the oldest of the defendants to stand trial. He was convicted with the rest of the eight and, along with the other six, was sentenced to be [[hanging|hanged]].<ref>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/haymarket/haymarketdefendants.html Meet the Haymarket Defendants<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> After hearing in 1887 that several letters had been written from [[Samuel Fielden]] and [[Michael Schwab]] to [[Illinois Governor]] [[Richard James Oglesby]], Engel wrote his own letter asking the governor not to consider any [[clemency]]. <ref>[http://www.chicagohs.org/hadc/manuscripts/m04/M04.htm HADC - George Engel letter to Governor Richard Oglesby, 1887 Nov. 9<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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| − | ==Death==
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| − | Engel was hanged with three others of the condemned on [[November 11]], [[1887]]. His last words were reportedly "Hurrah for anarchy!", screamed from the gallows in his native [[German language|German]].
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| − | Engel was buried, in a plot marked since 1893 by the Haymarket Martyrs Monument, in the [[German Waldheim Cemetery|Waldheim Cemetery]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10545593|title=Haymarket Martyrs Monument|accessdate=2008-05-05 |format= |work=Findagrave.com}}</ref> (now Forest Home Cemetery) in [[Forest Park, Illinois|Forest Park]], [[Chicago]].
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{Reflist}}
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| − | ==Further reading==
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| − | *{{anarchives|haymarket/Engel.html|Autobiography of George Engel}}
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| − | *[http://www.chicagohs.org/hadc/books/b01/B01S006.htm Address of George Engel] The Accused, the accusers: the famous speeches of the eight Chicago anarchists in court when asked if they had anything to say why sentence should not be passed upon them. On October 7th, 8th and 9th, 1886, Chicago, Illinois.
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| − | *[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/haymarket/haymarketdefendants.html Meet the Haymarket Defendants]
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| − | *David, Henry. The History of the Haymarket Affair. New York: Collier Books, 1963.
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | *[[Dyer Lum]]
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| − | {{wikipedia}}
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Engel, George}}
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| − | [[Category:American anarchists]]
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| − | [[Category:Executed anarchists]]
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| − | [[fr:George Engel]]
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