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Difference between revisions of "Mercury"

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'''Mercury''' is the first planet from the sun.
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{| class="toccolours" style="margin-left: 1em; float:right; width: 25em;"
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|+ style="font-size:larger;" | '''Mercury''' http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mercury_symbol.ant.png/25px-Mercury_symbol.ant.png
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|-
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|colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background: #001000;" | http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Reprocessed_Mariner_10_image_of_Mercury.jpg/300px-Reprocessed_Mariner_10_image_of_Mercury.jpg<br>
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|-
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!style='text-align:center;' bgcolor="#D8BBA6" colspan="2" | [[Planetary orbit|Orbit]]al characteristics ([[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]] [[J2000]])
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|-
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| [[Semimajor axis|Avg. distance from Sun]]
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| [[1 E10 m|57,909,176]] [[kilometre|km]]<br>0.387 098 93 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
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|-
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| Orbital [[circumference]]
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| 360,000,000 km<br>(2.406 AU)
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|-
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| [[Eccentricity (orbit)|Eccentricity]]
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| 0.205 630 69
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|-
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| [[Perihelion]]
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| 46,001,272 km<br>0.307 499 51 AU
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|-
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| [[Aphelion]]
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| 69,817,079 km<br>0.466 698 35 AU
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|-
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| [[Orbital period]]
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| [[1 E6 s|87.969 34]] [[day|d]]<br/>(0.240 846 9 [[julian year (astronomy)|a]])
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|-
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| [[Synodic period]]
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| 115.8776 d
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|-
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| [[Avg. Orbital Speed]]
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| 47.36 km/[[second|s]]
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|-
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| Max. Orbital Speed
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| 58.98 km/[[second|s]]
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|-
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| Min. Orbital Speed
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| 38.86 km/[[second|s]]
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|-
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| [[Inclination]]
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| 7.004 87[[degree (angle)|&deg;]]<br>(3.38° to Sun's equator)
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|-
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| [[Longitude of the ascending node|Longitude of the<br> ascending node]]
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| 48.331 67&deg;
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|-
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| [[Argument of the perihelion|Argument of the<br> perihelion]]
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| 29.124 78&deg;
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|-
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| Number of [[natural satellite|satellite]]s
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| 0
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|-
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! bgcolor="#D8BBA6" colspan="2"| Physical characteristics
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|-
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| [[Equator]]ial [[diameter]]
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| 4879.4 km<br>(0.383 [[Earth]]s)
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|-
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| Surface [[area]]
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| [[1 E13 m²|7.5]]{{e|7}} [[square kilometre|km&sup2;]]<br>(0.147 Earths)
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|-
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| [[Volume]]
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| 6.083{{e|10}} [[cubic kilometre|km&sup3;]]<br>(0.056 Earths)
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|-
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| [[Mass]]
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| 3.302{{e|23}} [[kilogram|kg]]<br>(0.055 Earths)
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|-
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| Mean [[density]]
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| 5.427 [[gram|g]]/cm&sup3;
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|-
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| Equatorial [[gravity]]
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| 3.701 [[Acceleration|m/s&sup2;]]<br>(0.377 [[Acceleration due to gravity|gee]])
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|-
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| [[Escape velocity]]
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| 4.435 km/s
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|-
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| Rotation period
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| 58.6462 d (58 d 15.5088 [[hour|h]])
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|-
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| Rotation velocity
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| 10.892 km/h (at the equator)
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|-
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| [[Axial tilt]]
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| ~0.01&deg; <!--- Note that this implies that the orbital pole is very nearly the same as the rotation pole --->
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|-
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| [[Right ascension]]<br>of North pole
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| 281.01&deg; (18 h 44 min 2 s) <sup>[http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm 1]</sup>
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|-
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| [[Declination]]
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| 61.45&deg;
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|-
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| [[Albedo]]
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| 0.10-0.12
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|-
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| Surface [[Temperature|temp.]]
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|
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{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0"
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! min !! mean !! max
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|-
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| 90 K
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| [[1 E2 K|440 K]]
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| 700 K
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|}
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|-
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| Avg. Surface [[Temperature|temp.]]: Day
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| 623 [[kelvin|K]]
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|-
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| Avg. Surface temp.: Night
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| 103 K
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|-
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|Adjective
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|Mercurian
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|-
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! bgcolor="#D8BBA6" colspan="2" | [[celestial body's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] characteristics
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|-
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| [[Atmospheric pressure]]
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| trace
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|-
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| [[Potassium]]
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| 31.7%
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|-
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| [[Sodium]]
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| 24.9%
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|-
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| Atomic [[Oxygen]]
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| 9.5%
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|-
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| [[Argon]]
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| 7.0%
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|-
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| [[Helium]]
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| 5.9%
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|-
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| Molecular [[Oxygen]]
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| 5.6%
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|-
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| [[Nitrogen]]
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| 5.2%
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|-
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| [[Carbon dioxide]]
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| 3.6%
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|-
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| [[Water]]
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| 3.4%
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|-
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| [[Hydrogen]]
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| 3.2%
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|}
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 +
 
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:''For the chemical element, see [[mercury]].''
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'''Mercury''' is the first planet from the sun. For a long time it was believed that Mercury is in the [[tidal lock]] with the [[Sun]], however, recently it has been abserved that it is in the 3:2 tidal resonance (meaning that it rotates around its [[planetary axis|axis]] 3 times per 2 [[planetary orbit|orbit rotations]].
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Orbit of Mercury actually defies the laws of [[Newtonian physics]] but is one of the observations that was shown as the proof of the [[theory of relativity]] of [[Albert Einstein]].
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[[Category:Planets]]
 
[[Category:Planets]]

Latest revision as of 05:09, 13 March 2007

Mercury http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Mercury_symbol.ant.png/25px-Mercury_symbol.ant.png
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/Reprocessed_Mariner_10_image_of_Mercury.jpg/300px-Reprocessed_Mariner_10_image_of_Mercury.jpg
Orbital characteristics (Epoch J2000)
Avg. distance from Sun 57,909,176 km
0.387 098 93 AU
Orbital circumference 360,000,000 km
(2.406 AU)
Eccentricity 0.205 630 69
Perihelion 46,001,272 km
0.307 499 51 AU
Aphelion 69,817,079 km
0.466 698 35 AU
Orbital period 87.969 34 d
(0.240 846 9 a)
Synodic period 115.8776 d
Avg. Orbital Speed 47.36 km/s
Max. Orbital Speed 58.98 km/s
Min. Orbital Speed 38.86 km/s
Inclination 7.004 87°
(3.38° to Sun's equator)
Longitude of the
ascending node 		48.331 67°
Argument of the
perihelion 		29.124 78°
Number of satellites 0
Physical characteristics
Equatorial diameter 4879.4 km
(0.383 Earths)
Surface area 7.5Template:e km²
(0.147 Earths)
Volume 6.083Template:e km³
(0.056 Earths)
Mass 3.302Template:e kg
(0.055 Earths)
Mean density 5.427 g/cm³
Equatorial gravity 3.701 m/s²
(0.377 gee)
Escape velocity 4.435 km/s
Rotation period 58.6462 d (58 d 15.5088 h)
Rotation velocity 10.892 km/h (at the equator)
Axial tilt ~0.01°
Right ascension
of North pole 		281.01° (18 h 44 min 2 s) 1
Declination 61.45°
Albedo 0.10-0.12
Surface temp.
min mean max
90 K 440 K 700 K
Avg. Surface temp.: Day 623 K
Avg. Surface temp.: Night 103 K
Adjective Mercurian
Atmospheric characteristics
Atmospheric pressure trace
Potassium 31.7%
Sodium 24.9%
Atomic Oxygen 9.5%
Argon 7.0%
Helium 5.9%
Molecular Oxygen 5.6%
Nitrogen 5.2%
Carbon dioxide 3.6%
Water 3.4%
Hydrogen 3.2%


For the chemical element, see mercury.

Mercury is the first planet from the sun. For a long time it was believed that Mercury is in the tidal lock with the Sun, however, recently it has been abserved that it is in the 3:2 tidal resonance (meaning that it rotates around its axis 3 times per 2 orbit rotations.

Orbit of Mercury actually defies the laws of Newtonian physics but is one of the observations that was shown as the proof of the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein.

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