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Anarchism

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â€¢ Captains of industry â€¢ Ignorance is strength â€¢ Nimble suits â€¢ Right but not correct â€¢ Pussy Riot â€¢

US buying ISIS oil

"Russia strongly condemns any engagement in direct or indirect trade of oil from Syria" ^[1]

The US has been undermining the extent of Russia's legislation to this effect.^[1]^[2] "We had bi-lateral negotiations with the United States and the American delegation did everything they could to dilute the wording of the document. We would have preferred a much stronger statement."^[3]

The US supported Biafra in the south. Guess which part has all the oil?
Now they are trying again to take Nigeria
The US military is entering Nigeria, just as we predicted months ago in the "Why run the taphouse when you can just control the tap?" section below.^[4] The Boko Haram are not conducting a false flag operation, they are a false flag. They are a convenient villain that the US can come in and gloriously slay. The rebellion may be the phoniest US pretext ever. Boko Haram means, "Western education is forbidden".^[5] Why advertise what is opposed? BH is a Muslim group, but kills Muslims.^[6]^[4] At one point in 2013, BH had gotten very close to taking over the country, but instead, their leaders met with government leaders and arranged a ceasefire, ensuring that BH could back off, start again, and keep the war an Endless War. Obama and Eric (what Geneva Conventions?) Holder have promised to intervene,^[7] a handful of US troops "specializing in intelligence" have already arrived,^[8] and the Voice of America Thinks You Should Know, the French have sent some troops too.^[9] Former Nigeria owner, the UK, is surely not to be left out in this race to Berlin.^[10] As with South Sudan, one of the Four Countries in Seven Years which has already fallen to US interests, all the oil is in the south. When the US intervened in Nigeria last, it goaded Biafra, in the south, into a war for independence that was doomed from the start; it was unnecessary, and Biafra was clearly not matched with its opponent. News outlets are quick to explain that the Delta region in the south has been placated by the government, but that does not explain the nationalistic fervor of Biafran nationalism, fifty years later-just search the hashtag #Biafra on Twitter for comments such as "Nigeria is a failed state" (#1 economy in Africa, remember?), It accounts for Boko Haram's came into being WITHOUT that fervor. Biafra would have been too obvious. The news of invasion follows months of news of the Boko Haram activity, and that Nigeria had suddenly leaped past South Africa to take the lead position as Africa's biggest economy.^[11] The Left are ready to condemn the rebels; noble sentiments abound in the propaganda campaigns like the #BringBackOurGirls hashtag on Twitter,^[12]^[13] But they are also ready to accept American invasion. The right will embrace Nigeria as a cause, because it is now rich enough to care about. The sudden leap is doubtless a result of another financial asset of intelligence services-just flat out stealing money from other countries. Pay off the right people, skim money off the top of their budget. Stop in time to make the "riches" announcement, and make the suddenly rich country a nice gift for whatever puppet will take over, and restart the skimming afterwards if desired.

UN: US laws violate human rights treaties
The U.N. Human Rights Committee in Geneva in March 2014 condemned the United States for criminalizing homelessness, calling it "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment". Many local ordinances have been created that are specifically targeted at activities that only homeless people engage in, such as sleeping in parks and sitting for an unspecified length of time ("too long") in public places. The UN found that such arrests of the homeless and tailoring of laws violate international human rights treaty obligations.^[14]

Sure, maybe you always wanted to spray a cop-instead of them, you. But you are not a Neo-Nazi, and your cops are not pacifists, so you just hope for the best. The T-shirt reads "Svoboda" , the far-right Ukrainian nationalist party, with a three-finger salute that is obviously Nazi code of some kind, similar to the Serbian three-finger salute, only the Serbian one uses the thumb as one of the three fingers. Third Reich, maybe? See RT's "Nazi symbols" article for proof that actual Nazis are involved in Ukraine as well, and Dark Politics' article for a photo of ex-presidential hopeful John McCain at a political rally in Kiev's Independence Square. Standing on the same stage, close enough behind McCain to jostle his shoulder is Oleh Tyahnybok, the Svoboda leader

US coup plotters caught red-handed, media accuse them of being rude
America's media, it is widely understood, can make it so that at least some of America can ignore something hidden in plain sight. But Ukraine also proves that they can look at something, an ostrich, say, also widely known for hiding their heads in the sand, and decide that this ostrich (which also has to be an American ostrich to fit this increasingly lame analogy -sorry) is something completely different, like a Communist ostrich. So the coup, arranged by telephone^[15]^[16] and carried out by Nazi boot boys and murderers,^[17] becomes a foiled Communist intervention and a glorious welcoming of new Ukrainian friends into the generous fold of European capitalism. The /ignore switch was made instantly-all the stories were about how rude and irresponsible Nuland was for saying, "Fuck the EU". At least half of Ukraine had no intention of letting their country fall into the hands of the world's Corporatocracy by way of the country's Fascists if they could possibly help it, but they could not possibly help it. Let us hope the reported 50% who are manifestly good (it happened!) at deciding what is good for Ukraine are as good at sharing the collective pain of the EU's belt-tightening.
The map is clear: the US destroyed Ukraine's sovereignty to disrupt Russia's gas pipelines to Europe,^[18]^[19] The PsyOps report intercepted by WikiLeaks is equally clear: NATO knew in advance that Russia would react militarily, thereby providing pretext forwards, to cover any actions, and backwards, in the event of discovery of the coup.^[20]
Two other points should be noted here:
The same is true of Syria:^[21] although no one should really want to make Syria a hero because they are victimized, it is important to remember who the victimizers are.
Russia's gas is important to Europe. Crushing Europe and the EU is as much a part of the US plan as crushing Russia and Ukraine. Whatever does not hurt the US is good for the US.

Fill 'er up with Yen
One of these is 250 times worse than the other: A rolling coffin that bursts into a fireball when you run into it from behind, and a car that accelerates instead of decelerates, forcing you to hit the handbrake. The first is the Pinto made by American car company Ford, the one that made Ralph Nader famous forty-some years ago, that resulted in the death of at least 27 people; the other is a car made by Japanese car company Toyota, that has scared many people to death in the past few years.^[22] Ford was forced to pay $6 Million, and Toyota is being hit with $1.5 Billion in fines, after already paying 66 million. Attorney General Eric Holder is proving his versatility: not only is he prepared to hide the guilty, turning torture into normal procedure, but he is prepared to soak not-so-guilty foreign companies to fill up the US Treasury when it is running, hmm, maybe a little low. Apologies for the rhetorical comparison; to be fair, Toyota was as heinous in covering up the defects, and misleading the public, their customers, and even Congress. And their product even resulted in at least one death; a California Highway Patrolman.
But the kid glove treatment of The Homeland's criminals may not stop there. About the same time the brigands in the Justice Department made off with the loot from Japan, news surfaced of another defect, in another American car. Just as with the Pinto, General Motors executives knew for years (since 2006 or perhaps even earlier) that the ignition switches in over two and a half million of their cars were faulty, knew it could be fixed with 72 cents more spent on the part, and ignored the evidence of multiple deaths (thirteen revealed so far). They even designed a new part, with the flaws removed.^[23] With a clear double standard already established, it does not seem likely that the American automaker will have to pay as much as a Billion as the Japanese company did, for a lesser defect; the question is, will GM even have to pay anything?

Minitrue

File:gollum.jpg

Special Valentine's Day message from the National Security Agency
The NSA loves your personal information very very much, precious. It wants to keep it close to them always, yes. But it would never ever look at it, precious, no. (thedaywefightback.org)

Spin-adjustable Treaties
Why a United Nations (WP) arms treaty that allows countries to control, or not, arms in their own countries?^[24] Same reason you make a Chemical Weapons Convention with requirements the US has still not finished ten years later, but demanded that Syria comply with in ten months. It is not hard to abridge rights of or extend responsibilities to other states' actors if you spin their image hard enough.^[25] And the fastest and hardest spin out there is against Muslim countries-just say terrorism a couple of times in every newspaper in the world and you can make the machineguns of flawed democracies like Iran illegal (let alone weapons belonging to countries whose presidents-for-life have outlived their usefulness, like Syria); say democracy enough times and you can keep the tanks and planes and almost every other weapon of war belonging to dictators you like (relatively nice presidents-for-life like Uganda's, or unequivocally evil ones like the Egyptian military dictatorship), protected. Handguns do not really come into it.^[26]

Minitrue/Eternal War
False Handkerchief Operation?
The sinking of the USS Maine gave the US the former Spanish East Indies, including the Philippine Islands, Guam and the Mariana Islands, the Caroline Islands (Palau and the Federated States of Micronesia). The sinking of the Lusitania brought America into WWI. Pearl Harbor did the same in WWII. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was used to justify invading Viet Nam. Operation Sand Flea and the Hard Chargers that in the former case was meant to lead to and in the other case did actually lead to the US Invasion of Panama (WP). The Lockerbie bombing distracted the world from the Iran-Contra hearings, and killed two men who had the motivation and means to free the US prisoners in Lebanon two years earlier than when it proved to be a welcome distraction for George Bush Sr. in the second year of his presidency.^[27] 9/11 began the second Great Game.

There are as many other justifications used for America breaking the peace decreed by Nuremberg and the UN Peace Accords of 1975 as there are US wars that the US conducted openly, and some for the wars and coups and manipulation of foreign governments that were hidden from the world (for a total of 33 between 1945 and 2000). But there are common threads linking these nine incidents. They all lead to worldwide sympathy for the US, and support for its policies that followed. And they were all made to happen (and in the case of Pearl Harbor alone, allowed to happen) by agents of the US government.

Sand Flea and the Hard Chargers are easy enough to link to the Panamanian invasion once you know what they are, but Lockerbie? Well, again, it takes some reading. In short, the article comes to the conclusion that it was the drug and gun smuggling stooges of the CIA that planted the bomb, to get rid of the two who wanted to release the Lebanon hostages. But the timing is pretty close, even if the CIA did it. Only the CIA had enough info on the two to mobilize that quickly.

"In December 1988 al-Kassar picked up some news that threatened to shut down his smuggling operation. Charles McKee's counterterrorist team in Beirut that was investigating the possible rescue of the nine American hostages had got wind of his CIA connection. The team was outraged that the COREA unit in Wiesbaden was doing business with a Syrian who had close terrorist connections and might endanger their planned rescue attempt...McKee and Gannon, joined by three other members of the team, decided to fly back to Virginia unannounced and expose the COREA unit's secret deal with al- Kassar. They packed $500,000 in cash provided for their rescue mission, as well as maps and photographs of the secret locations where the hostages were being held. Then the five-man team booked seats on Pan Am 103 out of London, arranging to fly there on a connecting flight from Cyprus."-Time, 1992

Eternal War

Exit Arab Spring, Enter, Four countries in five years
As the US prepares to create regime change in Syria for the second time (the first was in 1949), it is worthwhile considering the reasons why it has acted so coyly about invading. Obviously there is an advantage to its rare display of patience; if it can make the case that the entire world is begging it to invade, then it suffers less of a PR hit. But there is another reason: if the US loses it, temporarily, as a cheap source of oil, it still retains a torture state. According to a former CIA case officer, "If you want a serious interrogation, you send a prisoner to Jordan. If you want them to be tortured, you send them to Syria. If you want someone to disappearâ€”never to see them againâ€”you send them to Egypt." ^[28]^[29] And of course there is the fact that its oil production is #32 in the world and proven oil reserves are #35; to take control of ALL of the world's oil, it does not matter which oil producers to take over, but it does matter for in which ORDER you allocate resources towards taking them over.

It is obvious that the Arab Spring was contrived to take over Libya, make an unsuccessful grab for Syria, and set back the movements in Tunisia years and in Egypt decades, with tiny token gains. In fact, the result of the Egyptian revolution, a strong military government, was exactly the result that dictator Mubarek had asked the US for.^[30]^[31]^[32] So what was Occupy's role in all this? From the puppet masters' perspective, to make the less savvy activists enjoy regime change. But it did not make a whole lot of difference to real activists, who cannot possibly miss the implications of thousands of dead in Egypt by the hands of a military government.

First and foremost, the proposed attack is not only immoral and in fact illegal, but useless at achieving anything other than the US' primary objective in world relations, the weakening of other countries. Even if you believe that Syria's Assad responded to the US' "red line" threat of military retaliation by crossing that line, it just proves how ineffective thatï»¿ retaliation would be at deterring him.

Invasions, coups, wars and other sustained military actions against states after 1945 without international mandate for exception are Acts of Aggression and illegal under the spirit of international law according to the precedent set by the Nuremberg trials Nuremberg Principles Principle VI (a) (i) : "War of aggression". The International Criminal Court's Crime of aggression statues apply, as does the precedent set by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314

The US attack's opportunism is of course pathetically transparent: unfounded assurances and teams searching for weapons have all happened before, Russian inspectors found the rebels to be the cause,^[33]^[34] UN inspectors initially reported, with evidence, that rebels had used chemical weapons,^[35] the US is preparing for the attack before the UN inspectors get back, the UN's later factfinding mission only stayed a token few days, the US uses chemical weapons and has backed every regime that has ever used them, the US has enough WMDs in the form of nukes to blow up the whole world many times over, the US has used military interventions and other means to attempt regime change of countries unfriendly to US Capitalistic interests nearly a hundred times in the past two centuries, the UN inspectors are not given a mandate to determine the source of the chemical weapons, yet the US says it is waiting for the results of the inspection before making attack, therefore the US is currently planning to attack the government of Syria based on no evidence that it used chemical weapons, etc etc.

Secretary of State John Kerry defended a proposed US strike on Syria as "informed" by "first-hand accounts from humanitarian organizations on the ground, like Doctors Without Borders". Doctors Without Borders itself, under its French name MÃ©decins Sans FrontiÃ¨res, said, "MSF is aware that incorrect, manipulated information about MSF and Syria is circulating on the internet and social media. ... MSF does not have the capacity to identify the cause of the neurotoxic symptoms of patients reported by three clinics supplied by MSF in Damascus governorate. ... MSF does not possess the capacity or ability to determine or assign responsibility for the event that caused these reported symptoms to occur. Any statement or story that asserts any of these things is false." Mark Seibel of McClatchy News said, "the secretary of state talks about it as first-hand observation by Doctors Without Borders, and Doctors Without Borders has been very clear that itâ€™s too dangerous for their people to actually go in there. So it is not Doctors Without Bordersâ€™ first-hand observation."

Fire...Bad!!..Nrrgh!! Evil Frankenstein Muppet, John Kerry, patched together from pieces of Vietnam-era antiwar activism and very neo- liberalism. Here he is trying hard to pretend that the US, after ten years, is not still in violation of the same Chemical Weapons Convention he demanded Syria comply with in less than 10 months

Why run the taphouse when you can just control the tap?
Syria is #32 in the list of oil-producing nations (what they take out of the ground), and #35 by oil reserves (what is still left in the ground) but this is only part of the story. There are only six nations left in the top 32 that are not white European nations, or under the thumb of the US, or too large or heavily armed for the US to take over (Russia, number one in production, #8 in reserves; China, #4 in production, #12 in reserves; and India, #19 in reserves, #23 in production. All have nuclear weapons). Of these six, only two can not yet be shown to be in the process of regime change; it can only be assumed.

Azerbaijan, one of these six, is number 21 in both production and reserves. Its story shows an old wrinkle of Empire brought back in a new way: there is no need to control the whole country, when all you want is the oil. In 1998, Azerbaijan suffered an attempt to take over its nationally-owned oil company, and the man that attempted to blow the whistle on it is in jail, while the conspirators are free.^[36]

Three of the six are poised for regime change: Iran is number four in both reserves and production. Nigeria is number 13 in production and #10 in reserves. Venezuela is #1 in reserves and #9 in production. They are being processed in the same propaganda+intelligence mill that paved the way for the US to invade, attack, conspire against and otherwise interfere with the governments of dozens of countries, despite a public weary of US interference. The media has been setting them up in the public eye as failed or rogue states.

Venezuela is, to the Wars on Oil, the most important of the potential regime change targets; its oil production is operating on the same principle as the USSR's economy (that had a GDP to national debt ratio fifty times higher than the US at the time of its "collapse"); be economical with your assets. Their production is #9, but their proven reserves are the largest in the world. They have already suffered an attempt at regime change, and Nigeria shows signs of being prepared for it, with the same mass incarceration of dissidents being covered as anti-terrorism.^[37]

US regime change operations of propaganda and threats and bribing officials and paying demonstrators and all their other techniques may yet yield, or be yielding, or have already yielded, similar weaknesses in Kazakhstan, #10 in reserves and #17 in production, and Ecuador, #20 in reserves and #30 in production.

Recently brought under US control: Iraq, #5 in reserves and #7 in production; Egypt (brought back under control), #27 in reserves and #28 in production, and Libya, which like Venezuela used up its reserves (#9) at a lower rate than other countries (production #29). Coming soon, Syria, #32 in production and #35 in reserves. So much for the Arab Spring. Instead, it has only been part of Four countries in five years. Admittedly, this is three short of what was said to be planned, and one country that was not said to be planned. But after our suspicions about the Arab Spring have been borne out, it seems clear that what most of the world hoped was Freedom was in fact only Free Market. In the one tiny state that is still more free than it had been before the revolution, Tunisia, the embezzling rulers still got away with the cash. Tunisia is #51 in oil reserves, and #55 in production, and will eventually fall, as Egypt has. It may not be that long now; someone assassinated the opposition leader on 28 Aug 2013, and the party that took over after the revolution was unwise enough to dissolve itself and make new elections,^[38] US puppets will eventually win the country with falsified elections or by whatever other means.

Afghanistan is the obvious exception to the oil rule, but this fact, rather than disproving US interests, in fact points to another interest, and the major reason why the US fought the USSR there. It was, of course, taken over to make secure the oil pipelines to the Caucasus (US army bases are situated directly on this line), but also for CIA drug trafficking, easy access to the opium poppies that the CIA has been turning into heroin since the 1940s. So do not be taken in by the characterization of this as a War for Oil. It is only a Battle for Oil, a minor if penultimate part of the War for Capitalism. Together with Afghanistan's and the Golden Triangle's Wars for Drugs, and the War On Communism, it has been going on since the Russian Revolution, and its prerequisite, the US Empire, goes back much further. The US has been declared to have been at times isolationist, by historians, but they are mistaken. The US has never paused in its grabbing of land and their resources; but it never once failed to fail to aid when aid was needed. In Rwanda, in Sudan, in Spain in 1936, in Europe against Hitler, in the Balkans until it realized there were mineral resources to be gained...none of the tragic massacres of the 20th Century were as much as avenged by the US. But what of the closing of the Nazi death camps, you ask? The US never fought against Fascism; Franco's Fascist Spain was allowed to not only take over, but rule Spain indefinitely; it only failed when Franco died in 1977. Not a single one of the soldiers deployed in WWII was ever told they were fighting genocide, and Jews fleeing the Nazis were forbidden sanctuary. Nazi scientists were recruited by the US, and Klaus Barbie, the Butcher of Lyon.

Wondered why there was so little coverage of the Arab Spring in these pages? Well, sure, we're lazy. But mostly it was because we saw Egypt coming, and we did not believe PBS (Proving We're Not Liberal Since 1989), when they (Gwen Ifil) called the anti-Libyan mercenaries armed with rocket launchers and with anti-aircraft guns mounted to the back of their pickup trucks, "demonstrators". Egypt has gained absolutely nothing from its revolution-the Wikileaks leak for Egypt included a memo from Mubarak asking the US to install the army in a coup, roughly for the principle that they were sons of bitches but they would be THEIR sons of bitches.^[39]^[40]^[41] Always think in terms of this, and you will only be wrong a small percentage of the time: the US is trying to take over the world, but they will not merely settle for, but in fact prefer, puppet states-why bother with all the administrative tasks when you can merely syphon the cash out of the country? They are also patient and utterly ruthless; making enemy nations weak now, even if it means making allies fight a war of attrition, means it will be easier to take them over later. Three good examples of America using up other countries and discarding them after they are no longer useful: Iraq, which the US backed in a war against Iran, Syria, which the US used as a torture state for extrajudicial rendition, and Panama, whose invasion by the US was only the secondary objective; the primary one being removing from power Manuel Noriega. The US news told the world Noriega was the entire reason for invading Panama. And yet being brought to justice was of such pressing importance that he was held without trial for over a decade. By that time the publicity about his capture had died down enough to avoid not only embarrassing but actually legally threatening facts about his part in the CIA's Cocaine drug trade. Two less good examples: Cambodia; bad because the US backed the Khmer Rouge, less bad inasmuch as coming back and betraying the KR afterwards could be mistaken for doing the right thing, and Afghanistan, where it created and then attempted to destroy the Taliban, a less good example of betrayal for similar and obvious reasons.

Gadafi brought Libya wealth and prosperity enough to create educated and prosperous classes. Historically, they are propagandized by the part of the US regime change machine that comes after Economic Hitmen and before Invasion. Their greed and dissatisfaction is funded through their pundits and parties. And when that fails, or has reached its limit, Invasion. In this case, the very foreign mercenaries that Gadafi was accused of, and weapons to arm them. Look at the "rebels'" weapons; they are brand spanking new. Brand new anti-aircraft guns mounted to old pickup trucks.^[42]

Nor is democracy more than gravy to this process. The denunciation of results of the Palestinian elections in 2006^[43] and the slaughter of the elected and their entire party in Egypt in 2013 are only the two most recent proofs of US disregard for democracy, if its use of the word as a synonym for regime change were not enough. There is also the Iranian coup d'Ã©tat of 1953 and the dozen US violations of the Geneva Conference of 1954, including most importantly its backing of the leader who refused to hold elections in Viet Nam. Of course, there has never been any such thing as a democracy of the people, but even in institutions which are touted as democratic, the US prefers control to freedom. The US held its breath and stomped its little feet at the League of Nations, which had a democratic vote, and established the United Nations in its stead, which is arguably the most undemocratic government institution in the world not vilified as a dictatorship. The US alone is guaranteed a vote in its Security Council, and there is always some nation the size of a large city, somewhere in the Pacific, like Nauru or Palau, who always casts the deciding vote in the US' favor...

The rule of thumb for regime change, then, is not that the US acts to spread its way of life throughout the world, or even that it focuses its military on regime change that is in its own interest. It is, quite simply, always and forever bent on controlling the entire planet, and everything that happens in the world should first be checked for this possibility.

And what of this Leviathan of lies, theft, and mugging on a global scale, when Cuba has "instituted economic reforms", or when the last drop has been drawn from Iraq's wells? We have been promised a "peace dividend" before, back when politicians cared enough about what the people thought to offer them promises they did not intend to keep, instead of just lying first and then lying some more. All we got was the opposite, escalation: a similar number of nuclear warheads, in a smaller number of more modern missiles. Nuclear weapons in the hands of Russia and China may be enough to keep them out of the US' grasp, but India's can not reach the US, and thus cannot be more of a threat against invasion than they are to India itself. And the US national interest, which was openly defied in the 60s and disdained in the 70s, is now taken for granted by the media and whoever believes them. All that is required is for the national interest to be redefined. It has been redefined already; bastions of progressivism like Democracy Now! warn of the dangers of China taking over US jobs-they do not sound very much different to the racists, and all because the political argument has been reframed as Globalism. "Think Globally, Act Locally" paved the way for Americans with tens or more as much income as the world average to imagine themselves saving the planet by buying things, and to a lesser extent, Europeans and activists from other countries as wel. The admitted success of boycotts against South Africa saw activists taking a good hard look at the moral dilemma of political action vs the needs of starving people and coming up on the side of activism. The arguments for ALL of America and the developed world as being inimical to the needs of the developing world and the moral interests of the entire world get weaker and more equivocal, but they go on and on, with the myriad of things that the American Way of Life simply must have, and the years in which nothing is done stretch onward.

Perhaps at the heart of obstacle to change is the perception that no struggle can be allowed to be violent, and that radical change can only be achieved through violence, so compromise must be achieved. What follows is wishful thinking-we will make the politicians want to change. But they do not want to. It is really as simple as that. They hold sufficient power, as a continuum, to ensure they will never have to make any but the most minor changes, which they can later reverse when the heat is off, and the outrage dies down again. But there is another, third way. The Achilles heel of capitalism, is...capitalism. It not only allows but mandates theft. Capitalism can never advocate the removal of private property rights, and a nation indoctrinated into personal financial interest can never be told that they should not acquire things. So if we get together and tell the world to steal back the world, then the obvious superiority of cooperation to competition, especially once it grows sufficiently large to gain the greatest benefits of a computerized economy, will inexorably move the balance of ownership in favor of the people. There may not be much left of the world when the oil runs out, but at least the people will live in a 19th Century agrarian horse-powered world with cellphones. Call it science fiction if you must, but first think hard about either alternative. Does not the inevitability of an un-egalitarian world, the wreckage of capitalism, translate into this? Walled-off decaying cities with their slave factories to support an elite of what we would now call middle class means, surrounded by the farms that support them. And perhaps, but not certainly enough to count on or fruitful enough to hope for (yes, some of us were survivalists, once), a few hardcore survivors in the wastelands of countries too meager for the army to cleanse.

Playing, both sides (Puppet Power)
Steven Colbert says that Elmo's arabic-language program for kids was the US' most successful deployment of a puppet in the Afghanistan region since Hamid Karzai^[44]

A Few Men Good at Baiting, A Few Men Good at being Bait

See Drop weapon

"We don't want you on the wall, we get that you don't care much for the parties you don't get invited to, you don't really know much about us, let alone anything 'secret', and those in the right need not "admit" to anything"

Ignorance is Strength

Trial of the Gateway Drug
Guilt by association

Marijuana vs the state of Thatstate

Prosecutor Noninhale: So you are here charged with being a Gateway Drug. Are you guilty of being a Gateway Drug?

Marijuana: Well, some people call me a Gateway Drug. But guilty...see, I think the problem is you have never actually proven that that is a crime

Prosecutor Noninhale: Well, everyone really likes you

Judge Appropos: raises one eyebrow

Marijuana: Yes. Yes they do.

Prosecutor Noninhale: And you hang around at parties with this bad, really bad, very bad guy

Judge Appropos: raises the other eyebrow

Marijuana: No

Prosecutor Noninhale: Alright then, you hang around at parties with some people who know people who know the, uh, bad guy

Judge Appropos: both eyebrows descend into a frown

Marijuana: Give or take an uncertain number of degrees of separation, yes

Prosecutor Noninhale: And...and he's really really bad...

Judge Appropos: lip curls into a sneer

Marijuana: So you claim

Prosecutor Noninhale: Well, then, um...er...

Judge Appropos: Case Dismissed!

Artificial Stupidity?
The US healthcare site's ills are in part due to procurement system, like the lobbying system, being a political-industrial complex. As Clay Johnson said on Democracy Now!, "the people who are building this stuff are the people with the best lawyers, not the people with the best programmers".^[45] But surely the people with the best hackers, the NSA, have an interest in the downfall of a more socialistic system...

There is a misconception going around, that establishment figures do not have faith in science. So wrong! There is money in science! Like armaments, and the Nuclear Renaissance! ...so...only bad science?
Is a Nuclear Renaisssance just the same as a regular Renaissance? Well, if Obama gets his way, we may find it is even better! Thanks to the mutating power of nuclear radiation, four arms! four legs! two heads, even! All you have to do is believe! The simple faith of captains of industry and their good friends in government will bring a very new future for us all!

Hypothetically
"Those who ignore those who make history are doomed that they repeat it"
Propose a new hypothesis: Manifest SNAFU! The opposite of Manifest Destiny, which has made a wholly undeserved return to an undead halflife as a misinterpretation by the Wrong of a version of Exceptionalism (Howard Zinn on the myth of Exceptionalism). With no more chance than Manifest Destiny of being right, Manifest SNAFU! nonetheless COULD be more right, and is thought-provoking. It postulates that there must be some reason that things are, as is apparent, Situation Normal-All Fucked Up. As is equally apparent, this because the losers were always right, and the winners always mistaken. Or to put it another way, the reason why there are winners is that they are mistaken.

NRA Escapes Reality
NRA's Wayne LaPierre is having trouble distinguishing between real life and video games, while the players do not. Wayyne threw video gamers, among whom are surely a few staunch gun owners, to the wolves in the face of the reaction to Sandy Hook, along with at least nine other scapegoats.^[46] Gamers have always included in their numbers those who are philosophical about game violence, pointing out that pixels are not people, so animated, computed violence is not comparable to real violence. Games, and any other activity that critics want an edge against, have been labelled an 'escape from reality' for quite some time,^[47] but LaPierre was clearly on the run. What is amazing is how far everyone - left and right alike - was prepared to follow him. Arming school security guards became normality, and arming school children was discussed. They have to defend themselves against the children with videogames, after all.

Even adult Americans fall prey to illogical arguments that have immoral consequences, such as the notion that the interests of one nation can supersede another's, so there is little doubt that moral guidance is useful. But a moral center exists in some games themselves. Compare the US Army's 'America's Army', which bet of millions on the idea that teens and pre-teens will be more amenable to what they stand for if it is in game form, with story-driven roleplaying games, which often show war as an evil. The Final Fantasy series provides its own moral context, commonly placing soldiers as tools of the villains. Similarly, becoming innured to violence and injury is not a moral detriment to surgeons and nurses. Or games can take the other route, which is to avoid violence altogether.^[48]

Capitalist Cloud Cuckoo Land
You probably know the Law of Supply and Demand as saying that the price of something goes up when the supply decreases, but knowledge of the Law itself has fed back into the loop, causing speculators to sell when the price goes up, and therefore the supply increases.

If it is Opposite Tuesday, then this not a Law, it is Fizzbin

Neurotics build castles in the sky. Psychotics live in them. Capitalists float a futures market on the expected returns of rent from them

This is either, a FahrvergnÃ¼gen Driving Excitement Moment (aka Traffic Jam), or lunch break at the Feed and Seed, depending on whether the guy is waiting for a line of cars in front of him or waiting for his burger and fries to digest. You decide. Kind of makes a mess of the argument that public transportation is lame because you have to wait for buses

Computerized economy
As there were factories and workers and raw materials and consumers who wanted products and services both before and after 2008, why were all of these things suddenly diminished? The answer is, the money men. They make it run, they just stopped. And whether one describes it as, they stopped because they wanted to, or they stopped because they had to, they are still the weak link. And they can be replaced by computers. Not only are they paid more than everyone else, and not only do they do their job poorly (allowing everything to collapse every couple of decades), but they are entirely expendable. Every transaction that takes place in our economy can be performed by the merest electronic blink of a computer program. All the salesman. All the financiers. All redundant. And what would these people do for a living, you ask? Why, what everyone else does. It is really that simple. Imagine it.

Lemmings

"...Packed like lemmings into shiny - metal - boxes / contestants in a suicidal race..." - The Police, Synchronicity II

Fully occupied buses get between 50%^[49] and 125%^[50] more miles per gallon per passenger than fully occupied cars. This model, of course, is not ideal;^[51] car occupancy is an average of 1.5 passengers rather than four, and bus occupancy goes from nearly full occupancy at rush hour to almost empty at other times.^[52] The problem of fractional use of large buses is to use a bus a fraction of the size. Minibuses.

Minibus and microbus routes have been used to great effect in Oxford England and other cities, often in developing nations, and achieve high levels of occupancy. With greater efficiency and smaller buses, the time between buses can also be reduced. But the key is public participation. The more people turn from private to public transportation, the lower the wait time, and the more expansion of bus routes.

Daily Kos Comics

Anarchopedia:Message archive

Anarchopedia exclusive: CIA OPS

Central Intelligence Agency activities
About 100 Links to Anarchopedia and Wikipedia pages on most of the 50 or so coups d'Ã©tat / attempts, all in one list
CIA activities
â€¢ Operation Gladio â€¢ List of military interventions by the US â€¢ Cold War covert overthrow of governments by the US
â€¢ Operation Condor â€¢ Post-Cold War covert regime change by the US and many others

Current / recent events
Make it happen. Or read this. Or wonder what happened

Today that year

Anarchopedia:Current events archive

Communpedia and its 'Communpedia news'

Special Forces do not merely carry out the increasingly criminal actions ordered by their superiors (eg the assassination of foreign leaders with drone strikes)-sometimes they go so far off the rails that they have to cover up the crimes (eg the killing and mass burial of 10 villagers in Wardak, Afghanistan--interview with Matthieu Aikins on Democracy Now!. Alteratively, the deaths could have been commanded, the soldiers truly guilty of participation but not instigation and then the coverup instigated to the seeming benefit of all but in the end, only to the benefit of command. There is something of a third stage attached to this incident as well. The first stage would be, the US acting atrociously, even criminally, in secret. The second, doing this openly, because they know they can mostly get away with it. And the third stage is utter immunity from prosecution. The US government is making immunity for the armed forces a condition of aiding Karzai's government, and immunity for international corporations a condition for trade, with the Trans-Pacific Partnership.

Evidence of unusually dire extremes of criminal activity by command in Afghanistan is shown by torture on tape released by Rolling Stone in November 2013-Afghan security forces holding down and beating prisoners while Special Forces watch.^[53]

Yassar Arafat's (WP) body had eighteen times the normal amount of radioactive Polonium-210 in it, enough to kill him. The Swiss team's findings contradict those of a Russian team. However, Russia is at pains to deny Polonium as a cause as it would point to them, however vaguely and incredibly, as per the results of Alexander Litvinenko's autopsy. Russia set up as a convenient patsy is a good reason to use Polonium, and its use points to the great likelihood of a government agency, as its short half-life makes it incredibly rare in nature.^[54] ²¹⁰Polonium has a half-life of 138.376 days.^[55]

Bradley Manning's treatment was cruel and inhuman, UN torture chief rules-The Guardian. UN investigator found that Manning might also have been tortured.

Cast the net wide enough, and you will surely catch something: As a hunger strike begins, by prisoners in California against the practice of long-term solitary confinement, investigative journalist Shane Bauer appeared on Democracy Now!, showing that the rationale for treatment that the prisoners call torture is sometimes no better than 1.-almost- 2.thought crime to 3.associate with criminals who 4.again, -might- commit crimes. That is to say, they might be thinking about talking with people who fit a profile determined by their captors, of potential wrongdoers.

the criteria for determining whether somebody is a member or an associate of those gangs is kind of notoriously loose. I have seen cases of people who are put in the SHU and deemed gang members because they have academic books by the Black Panthers or journal writings about African-American history. Even the materials for gang investigators teach that the use of the words "tÃo" or "hermano," "uncle" or "brother" in Spanish, can indicate gang activity - Shane Bauer. Interview on Democracy Now!

This is a degree of separation that inspires one to think of words other than tenuous. Nebulous might be a better word. A rationale that rewards belief and confounds understanding.

Operation Pillar of Cloud: Palestine is a dog that Israel keeps starving and chained up in its back yard, and kicks nearly to death every four years. Less than four years after the Hypocrites of the Apocalypse used banned white phosphorus, and illegally used cluster bombs against civilians in the midst of a massive bombing campaign, in which even UN convoys and headquarters were hit with 'friendly fire', they are doing it all again. And let us not forget, partisans are not stationed in civilian areas because they want to use civilians as shields, but because they live there. And what gives Israel the right to complain of human shields, when they plan on killing the civilians standing in the way, in any case? Giving someone ten minutes to get out of their house does not excuse blowing it up. And the hypocrisy and war crimes go on and on.

Rebel suicide bomber kills top Syrian officials
It has been pretty hard to tell who the bad guys are in Syria, a regime used by the US to torture extrajudicial prisoners, that is now being double-crossed by the US, perhaps to the point of backing the rebels against them. Someone has been massacring civilians, and possibly both sides.

The grey area has grown and darkened now that the rebels have used assassinations, like the Obama administration's drone strikes...only with suicide bombers.^[56] Like Al-Qaeda, the PLO, and almost every group on the US' terrorist list. So does that mean that the rebels supported by state leaders all around the world, in lockstep with the US, are terrorists? Or is suicide bombing now OK? Is this something the US opposes? Is there an outcry of "terrorist actions"? No. How about something like "brutal"? Well, no. In fact, Defense Secretary Leon Panetta used the same blaming the victim technique as was used on Haiti's Aristide, when rebels tried to take over his country; Assad will be held responsible if it does not safeguard its stockpile of chemical weapons.^[57]

Does this utter absence of criticism means that suicide bombing is going to follow torture in the transition from a crime with which the US pot can call its enemies' kettles red, to just another military option? And if it does, then that means that the rest of the 'terrorists' are just irregular military with fewer military options than the US, as Anarchopedia has always contended.

Legislative coup d'Ã©tat removes President Fernando Lugo of Paraguay
Lugoâ€™s opponentsâ€™ had planned the coup, and U.S. officials had known about it, as early as 2009. "Capitalize on any Lugo missteps to break the political deadlock in Congress, impeach Lugo and assure their own political supremacy", reads a diplomatic cable released by WikiLeaks.^[58]

The announcement of Lugo's impeachment proceedings came just a day before he was given two hours to prepare his legal defense; Lugo declined to address the proceedings. Legislator's statements were long on quotes of constitutional rules and short on rationale. In particular, there were no concrete examples of his 'misconduct'. Lugo has strong support in the populace, but the legislature was filled with the same party as had ruled Paraguay for 61 years. On the 25th of June, 2012, Fernando Lugo said he would create a parallel cabinet, and bring his case before the coming week's summit of the Mercosur trade bloc in Mendoza, Argentina^[59]

"The two things to look out for is, one if military aid to Paraguayan army will continue. The U.S. is a supplier of much material and financial support to the security forces in Paraguay, and two, if it will take advantage of the crisis to go forward with a long sought military base in the region, which the Pentagon, Southcom (WP), has wanted for a while"-Greg Grandin (WP)^[60]

O, Drug War, where is thy Sting?..Really, where did it go, have you seen it around anywhere?
One of Project Gunrunner's (see Operation: IRONY) plans to deprive Mexican drug cartels of weaponry, the ATF's (WP) Operation Fast and Furious, gave them weapons instead. It thereby achieved optimum Oppositeness. Or did it? See CIA drug trafficking

Labor Day protests
International Workers' Day (WP) also known as May Day (also, outside of the US and UK, known as Labor Day) rallies and protests were a mix of the traditional yearly events and a resurgence of Occupy Movement (WP) events
Guardian full day listing of events , and in pictures
SFGate: 15 minutes, 30 people, 30 businesses trashed, no arrests

The Sacred Temple of the All-Seeing Eye, Bluffdale, Utah
During the Cold War, the National Security Agency intercepted the communications of Russia and China and a handful of communist states, while the US busied itself with taking over the world secretly. Now that other countries are fighting back, and the US does its regime changes largely in the open, the NSA has given itself the task of intercepting, decoding, and assessing ALL communications, EVERYWHERE, ALL THE TIME.

In order to do this, the NSA is building the largest intelligence complex ever; more than five times the size of the US Capitol, in Bluffdale, Utah, in the heart of Mormon country.

The NSA Is Building the Countryâ€™s Biggest Spy Center (Watch What You Say), by James Bamford. James Bamford interview on Democracy Now!

Logo of Xe Watch, representing opposition to Blackwater Worldwide. Blackwater became Xe Services in October 2007

Logo of the Central Intelligence Agency; a large bureaucracy with many branches; these divisions do not necessarily reflect an operational separation of CIA activities (WP)

"Seven countries in five years"
Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Iran
See:Seven countries in five years
Seven government and countries, all of which have already been the targets of extra-diplomatic actions and military US action in past years, were overtly targeted for invasion and overthrow by the Bush administration in late 2000. This objective has been achieved in two, although resistance to foreign occupation of Iraq and Libya will continue for the foreseeable future.

General Wesley Clark, not the staunchest ally of human rights himself (authorizing the use of depleted uranium rounds and attacks on civilians in Yugoslavia, for example), was nonetheless moved for whatever reason to deplore this policy publicly. However, it was six years before he did so, in an interview with Democracy Now!, a conference at the Commonwealth Club of California, and elsewhere.

The third name for Blackwater, Academi

Blackwater is now Xe is now Academi

Blackwater Worldwide changed its name to Xe, and has most recently (better to not say now, as it could change again any day, it seems) changed it again to Academi. This was more than sufficient to get the Blackwater Watch article and its other two incarnations removed from Wikipedia entirely; see Xe Watch#Deletion from Wikipedia

Archived

Anarchopedia:Current events archive

Raymond Allen Davis incident : On January 27, 2011, Raymond Allen Davis, a US citizen claiming to be working as a consultant at the U.S. Consulate in Lahore and later said to be a CIA operative ^[61] killed two armed men in the Pakistani city of Lahore.^[62]^[63]^[64]
King hearings
Social programs cut by 112th USA Congress^[65]
BTJunkie BitTorrent site shuts down

Citations

^[66]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/28/us-syria-iraq-oil-un-idUSKBN0FX1JT20140728
↑ http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uIO0jysy6-s
↑ http://rt.com/news/176280-un-isis-oil-trade/
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 [http://www.compareafrique.com/dear-americans-hashtags-wont-bringbackourgirls-might-actually-making-things-worse/ Dear Americans, Your Hashtags Wonâ€™t #BringBackOurGirls. You Might Actually Be Making Things Worse
↑ [mobile.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/world/africa/boko-haram-seeks-new-battlegrounds.html?referrer= Waging War in Nigeria, and Seeking New Battlegrounds]
↑ Boko Haram appears to take new tactic: Kill Muslims as they pray (+video)
↑ Eric Holder offers to help
↑ US says to help search for abducted Nigerian girls
↑ US Forces in Nigeria to Aid Search for Kidnapped Girls
↑ Gordon Brown calls for UK military aid in hunt for abducted Nigerian girls-UN adviser also to visit Nigerian president, Goodluck Jonathan, for talks on rescue of teenagers kidnapped by Boko Haram
↑ Nigeria overtakes South Africa to become Africa's largest economy
↑ Can A Social Media Campaign Really #BringBackOurGirls?
↑ Guinea girls in Nigerian sex slave campaign
↑ The UN Human Rights Committee says the U.S. should stop criminalizing homeless people for being homeless
↑ Ukraine crisis: Transcript of leaked Nuland-Pyatt call-BBC
↑ Video at YouTube Leak of Nuland - Pyatt call. U.S. top officials agreed to assign new Prime Minister of Ukraine
↑ Alarming trend in Ukraine: Historic monuments toppled, Nazi symbols spread
↑ Pipeline predicament: Ukraine-Syria-Russia-USA gas nexus -Press TV
↑ Ukraine's strategic importance Business Insider
↑ [https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08MOSCOW265_a.html#efmAB5ACs Nyet means Nyet: Russia's NATO enlargement redlines
↑ The Geopolitics of Gas and the Syrian Crisis: Syrian â€œOppositionâ€ Armed to Thwart Construction of Iran-Iraq-Syria Gas Pipeline Global Research
↑ Toyota to pay $1.2B settlement in vehicle acceleration lawsuit New York Post, March 19, 2014
↑ Senators accuse GM of coverup in delayed ignition-switch recall LA Times, April 2, 2014
↑ Headlines April 03, 2014,Democracy Now!
↑ Arms Trade Treaty: Toothless and Harmless -Commentary online
↑ How The NRA Is Working To Gut The U.N. Arms Trade Treaty March 19, 2013
↑ stored article originally in Time magazine, 1992
↑ Lila Rajiva, "The CIA's Rendition Flights to Secret Prisons: The Torture-Go-Round", CounterPunch, 5 December 2005
↑ Ex-British Ambassador to Uzbekistan Craig Murray -Democracy Now! report
↑ the US embassy cables Guardian
↑ [www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/207723 The US embassy cables: The documents]-The Guardian
↑ Later, when the plan to install them was a go, and the WikiLeaks documents had been release, and it was more important to cover up the army's planned role, Mubarek was to say that the army would not stand in the way of the democratic process : The Wikileaks: The Egyptian Regime Chapter Wednesday, August 31, 2011 -Military will ensure smooth success to a civilian even if it's Gamal Mubarak
↑ "The results of the analysis clearly indicate that the ordnance used in Khan al-Assal was not industrially manufactured and was filled with sarin. The sarin technical specifications prove that it was not industrially manufactured either. The absence of chemical stabilizers in the samples of the detected toxic agents indicate the relatively recent production. The projectile involved is not a standard one for chemical use. Hexogen utilized as an opening charge is not used in standard ammunitions. Therefore, there is every reason to believe that it was the armed opposition fighters who used the chemical weapons in Khan al-Assal"-text of Vitaly Churkin's statement on Democracy Now!
↑ YouTube video of Russian Ambassador Vitaly Churkin reporting the findings of a Russian investigative team that found that both the Sarin and the delivery agent used were non-standard and of recent manufacture
↑ Britain's preplan to attack Syria The Monarchy on YouTube 11:05
↑ Another U.S. Whistleblower Behind Bars? Investor Jailed After Exposing Corrupt Azerbaijani Oil Deal - Democracy Now!
↑ Almost 1,000 have died in Nigerian jails this year, says Amnesty International
↑ Update: Tunisia to Dissolve Government After Assassination, Day of Mass Protests
↑ the US embassy cables Guardian
↑ [www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/207723 The US embassy cables: The documents]-The Guardian
↑ Later, when the plan to install them was a go, and the WikiLeaks documents had been release, and it was more important to cover up the army's planned role, Mubarek was to say that the army would not stand in the way of the democratic process : The Wikileaks: The Egyptian Regime Chapter Wednesday, August 31, 2011 -Military will ensure smooth success to a civilian even if it's Gamal Mubarak
↑ Semantics - The Rise and Fall of Muammar al Gaddafi - YouTube
↑ Hamas Sweeps Palestinian Elections, Complicating Peace Efforts in Mideast "Complicating" in the title is the least of the words showing how little democracy was respected; one official quoted whines that it would be "hard" to make a coalition with the elected
↑ http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-collections/415044/puppet-power/
↑ [www.democracynow.org/2013/10/25/diagnosing_the_online_health_exchange_debacle Diagnosing the Online Health Exchange Debacle: "Proprietary" Software Needs a Dose of Open Source]
↑ [elitedaily.com/life/culture/10-nra-blamed-sandy-hook-massacre/ 10 Things The NRA Blamed For The Sandy Hook Massacre]
↑ For Some, Vampire Fantasy Can Be All Too Real-Some of the teens suspected in the death of a Eustis couple dabbled in role-playing games. The Orlando (Florida) Sentinel, 12/8/96
↑ Violence free video games Mother Jones
↑ Manufacturing Climate Solutions â€“ Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S. Jobs Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness (CGGC), an affiliate of the Social Science Research Institute at Duke University
↑ Demonstration of Caterpillar C-10 Duel-Fuel Engines in MCI 102DL3 Commuter Buses
↑ Thomas Rubin, in the "free minds and free markets" outlet Reason Foundation, criticized the report as being "far removed from actual â€œreal worldâ€ experience." because the average occupancy of buses is so low. But it is Rubin who is not accurately portraying the real world, by using an average value, see main text
↑ Passenger Transport (Fuel Consumption). Hansard. UK House of Commons. URL accessed on 2008-03-25.
↑ Torture on Tape -Democracy Now!
↑ Arafat's death: what is Polonium-210? Al-Jazeera
↑ Al-Jazeera's compendium of sources
↑ http://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/18/bomber_strikes_syrian_regime_in_damascus Bomber Strikes Syrian Regime in Damascus, Killing Assadâ€™s Defense Minister, Brother-in-Law July 18, 2012, Democracy Now!
↑ http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/07/201271901412429234.html US says Assad 'losing control' of crisis, Al Jazeera
↑ "U.S. Undecided on Whether Lugo Ouster was a Coup" Democracy Now!
↑ Latest News-(this link will rot, so replace) Former paraguayan president fernando lugo organizes a shadow government, Pedro Servin, Associated Press
↑ Coup in Paraguay: Will U.S. Join Latin America in Condemning Ouster of President Fernando Lugo? Democracy Now!
↑ Declan Walsh and Ewen MacAskill. American who sparked diplomatic crisis over Lahore shooting was CIA spy. The Guardian. URL accessed on 2011-02-21.
↑ Chaudhry, Asif US official guns down two motorcyclists in Lahore. Wikipedia:Dawn (newspaper). URL accessed on 13 February 2011.
↑ US official Raymond Davis on Lahore murder charges. BBC News. URL accessed on 31 January 2011.
↑ Perlez, Jane (29 January 2012). "U.S. Seeks Release of Official in Pakistan". Wikipedia:The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/world/asia/30pakistan.html. Retrieved 13 February 2011. </li>
↑ Democracy Now!: "America is Not Broke!": Michael Moore addresses thousands in Madison, Wisconsin March 07, 2011
↑ Contains material from Wikipedia

</ol>

edit - archive

Such that you may know...

No one is certain what the 'p' in "pH", the standard of acidity and alkalinity, stands for. The "H" stands for Hydrogen
Jasmine Revolution may refer to:
- The 1987 coup d'Ã©tat in Tunisia that led to the rise to the presidency of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who was later to be deposed in another Jasmine Revolution, below. There is no Wikipedia article on this coup
- The Sidi Bouzid Revolt (WP) in which President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was forced to flee the country with the loot he had gotten from privatization, dubbed "the Jasmine Revolution" by media early in 2011, which inspired the Arab Spring and the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests
- The Arab Spring. See Jasmine Revolution
- The 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests in the People's Republic of China, named a "Jasmine revolution" by some of the organisers
North Carolina Stop Torture Now! was responsible for media attention to the subject of extraordinary rendition, and yet had its article deleted from Wikipedia
The US 'Hearts & Minds' campaign in HÄ«t, Iraq, and presumably other areas, was largely about buying the support of a few individuals
Hunt Saboteurs were successful in convincing the U.K. government to ban fox hunting. Drag hunting with human-laid scent trails is now in some cases used instead, but partly because it was advocated by their mortal enemies, hunt saboteurs, some hunt clubs are 'cutting off their nose to spite their face' and refusing to implement the alternative
The Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit (LEIU) is an privately owned but government funded organization used by the United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) to amass files on private citizens while evading the United States Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
"...everyone knows what 'fairness' means..." The average world income is the same as the U.S. "poverty line" See, Egalitarianism "...the world economy is not a zero sum (WP) game..."
...The name of Montreal's anarchist bookstore, Librairie l'Insoumise, means "The Insubordinate", a derogatory moniker given to the French anarchist and participant in the Paris Commune, Louise Michel. She was accused of:

Trying to overthrow the government
Encouraging citizens to arm themselves
Possession and use of weapons, and wearing a military uniform
Forgery of a document
Using a false document
Planning to assassinate hostages
Illegal arrests, torturing and killing

All before she had even become an anarchist. She was not radicalized until she was sent to prison

...Because they are much smaller than previous types of satellites, Microsatellites can be placed in orbits much closer to Earth. Because they are closer, the area from which they can receive signals and to which they can send them is much smaller, in the opposite way to a goalie protecting more of a soccer goal with the same reach, the further out from the goal he is, or the same way as a torch/flashlight shines its light on a smaller area the closer to a a reflective surface it comes. Despite the fact that this requires many microsatellites to be launched at the same time, to cover the same area, it is still cheaper to launch and maintain the 'constellations' of satellites, as their formations are called, and they cover their assigned areas faster

archive

Editor's pick

Press freedom and the Occupy movement

Journalists covering the occupy movement (WP), an on-going protest movement, have been arrested, leading to criticism from press freedom groups that journalists' constitutionally protected rights are being violated._{(rights protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution)}

In 2012, Reporters without Borders (WP) listed the United States as 47th in its Press Freedom Index (WP), dropping a full 27 places in just one year. The watchdog group made explicit mention of US response to the Occupy movement, saying:

The United States (47th) also owed its fall of 27 places to the many arrests of journalist covering Occupy Wall Street protests."
—Reporters without Borders, Press Freedom Index^[1]^[2]

An article on this subject was deleted on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Press freedom and the Occupy movement
WP administrators can restore the edit history
of this page upon request

WP+
DEL

Arrests of journalists

September 24 2011, New York City

Journalist John Farley of WNET Metrofocus was arrested while attempting to interview women who had been victims of the pepper-spraying by police. Despite wearing press credentials and identifying himself as press to police, Farrley was arrested. He reported being handcuffed and imprisoned for nine hours. He was initially charged with disorderly conduct but all charges against him were dropped.^[3]^[4]

October 1 2011, New York City

Three journalists, Natasha Lennard of the New York Times, Kristen Gwynne of Alternet, and documentarian Marisa Holmes were arrested covering the events of October 1.^[5]^[6]. ^[7]^[8]

On October 1, 2011, police arrested about 700 marchers on the Brooklyn Bridge.^[9] By October 2, all but 20 of those arrested had been released with citations for disorderly conduct.^[10]

On October 4, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights. ^[11]

November 2 2011, Milwaukee

Kristyna Wentz-Graff of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel was arrested while covering an Occupy protest. ^[12]^[13] The arrest drew criticism from Journal Sentinel editors, the Wisconsin News Photographers Association, the Milwaukee Press Club and the National Press Photographers Association. Ultimately, Wentz-Graff was ultimately not charged with any wrongdoing. ^[14]

November 3 2011, Oakland

Although she was clearly wearing a press pass, Journalist Susie Cagle was arrested in the early hours of November 3 and spent 14 hours at 2 different jails.^[15] She was charged with failure to leave the scene of a riot. Cagle is one of several journalists covering the Occupy movement that have been arrested.^[16] Additionally, Cagle reported having been subject to and witness to mistreatment of protestors during her imprisonment.^[17]

Cagle was again arrested while covering an Occupy Oakland march on January 28, 2012.^[18]

November 13 2011, Chapel Hill

Two journalists were arrested: Katelyn Ferral, of The News & Observer, and Josh Davis, a graduate student in Journalism at University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill.^[19]

November 15 2011, New York City

Police arrested about 200 people, including journalists representing the Agence France-Presse,^[20] Associated Press,^[21] Daily News|Daily News,^[22] DNAInfo,^[23] NPR (WP),^[24] Television New Zealand,^[25] The New York Times,^[26] and Vanity Fair|Vanity Fair,^[27] as well as New York City Council member Ydanis RodrÃguez.^[28] An NBC reporter's press pass was also confiscated.^[29]^[30] ^[31]

While the police cleared the park, credentialed members of the media were kept a block away, preventing them from documenting the event.^[32]^[33] Police helicopters prevented NBC and CBS news helicopters from filming the clearing of the park.^[34] Many journalists complained of being treated roughly or violently by the police.^[35]^[36]^[37]

The Society of Professional Journalists, the Committee to Protect Journalists, Reporters Without Borders and the New York Civil Liberties Union expressed concerns and criticisms regarding the situation.^[23]^[38]^[39]^[40] The Organization of American States Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression issued a statement saying that the "disproportionate restrictions on access to the scene of the events, the arrests, and the criminal charges resulting from the performance of professional duties by reporters violate the right to freedom of expression."^[41]

On November 21, the New York Daily News, the New York Post, the Associated Press, Dow Jones, NBC Universal and WNBC-TV joined in a letter written by New York Times General Council George Freeman criticizing the New York Police Department's handling of the media during the raid. ^[42]

December 12 2011, New York

Dec 12 saw arrests of a number of journalists. ^[43]^[44]

January 28 2012, Oakland

On January 28, Oakland Police arrested about 400 individuals in the largest mass arrest in Oakland history.^[45] Among those arrested were at least six journalists.

Among the journalists arrested include Kristin Hanes of ABC News-KGO, Susie Cagle,^[46] Gavin Aronsen of Mother Jones magazine (WP), Vivian Ho of the San Francisco Chronicle, John C. Osborn of East Bay Express, and Yael Chanoff of San Francisco Bay Guardian.^[47]

One of the imprisoned journalist emerged after 20 hours of imprisonment and reported witnessing police brutality and cruel treatment.^[48]^[49]

January 31 2012, Miami

Carlos Miller, a member of the National Press Photographers Association, was documenting the eviction of Occupy Miami when he was arrested. Upon his release, his camera footage of his arrest appeared to have been deleted, but Miller was able to recover the footage despite the attempted deletion. ^[50] Miller is currently facing a single count of resisting arrest.

Citizen journalism

The Occupy movement has sparked new interest in citizen journalism (WP) due to fears about censorship (WP) and bias in the media.^[51] New media outlets formed during the Occupy movement include the Occupied Wall Street Journal and InsightOut News.

The movement also increased the popularity of livestreaming (streaming media) livestreaming|(WP) as a way of disseminating information from the front lines of chaotic situations. However, these new media (WP) journalists also have complaints about harassment and arrests from the police.^[52]

References

↑ U.S falls to 47th in press freedom rankings after Occupy crackdown
↑ Reporters Without Borders: Targeting of Occupy journalists drops U.S. to 47th in press freedom
↑ Charges dropped against first reporter arrested at Occupy Wall Street
↑ Video - Charges Dropped Against Jailed MetroFocus Reporter
↑ Covering the march on foot and in handcuffs
↑ Natasha Lennard - [1]
↑ Kristen Gwynne - NYPD Mass Arrests of Occupy Wall Street Protesters: Firsthand Account from AlterNet Staffer Trapped on Bridge
↑ Marisa Holmes on Democracy Now
↑ "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge". Fox News Channel. October 1, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/10/01/500-arrested-after-wall-street-protest-on-nys-brooklyn-bridge/?test=latestnews. Retrieved October 1, 2011. </li>
↑ "Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest". BBC News (BBC). October 2, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15143509. Retrieved October 2, 2011. </li>
↑ ELIZABETH A. HARRIS (October 5, 2011). "Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit". The New York Times: p. A25. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/nyregion/citing-police-trap-protesters-file-suit.html?_r=1. Retrieved October 17, 2011. </li>
↑ Kristyna Wentz-Graff, Milwaukee Photojournalist, Arrested At Occupy Protest
↑ Journal Sentinel Mayor says it's 'very clear' arrested photographer was journalist
↑ No citations for Journal Sentinel photographer arrested while covering rally
↑ Daetz, Ama (November 3, 2011). "Journalist arrested while covering Oakland protest". KGO-TV. http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=8418546. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>
↑ "Human Rights Group Condemns Journalist Arrests At Occupy Protests". The Huffington Post. November 17, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/17/human-rights-group-condem_n_1100282.html. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>
↑ [2]
↑ Occupy protests in Oakland and New York: a weekend of police clashes
↑ "My first-hand account of today's arrest"
↑ Estes, Adam Clark (2011-11-16). "Press Is Not Forgetting the Journalists Arrested at Zuccotti Park". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HneHjTy. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ McCarthy, Megan (2011-11-17). "Bloomberg Spokesperson Admits Arresting Credentialed Reporters, Reading The Awl". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hngyiiv. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ "Several Journalists Among Those Arrested During Zuccotti Park Raid". CBSNewsYork/AP (CBS News). 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-16. http://www.webcitation.org/63FSXRa1j. Retrieved 2011-11-16. </li>
↑ ^23.0 ^23.1 Ventura, Michael (2011-11-16). "DNAinfo.com Journalists Arrested While Covering OWS Police Raids". DNAinfo. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnkhWBB. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Memmott, Mark (2011-11-15). "New York Police Clear Occupy Wall Street Protesters From Park". NPR. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hno1k7M. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ "Journalists detained at NYC Occupy protests". Associated Press. The Wall Street Journal. 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnqegCw. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Malsin, Jared (2011-11-15). "Reporter for The Local Is Arrested During Occupy Wall Street Clearing". NYU Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute (The New York Times). Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hnti54Z. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Weiner, Juli (2011-11-15). "Journalists, Among Those a Vanity Fair Correspondent, Arrested While Covering Occupy Wall Street". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnxWeXm. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Siegal, Ida; Colletti, Roseanne Councilman Rodriguez Gives Details of His Occupy Wall Street Arrest. WNBC. URL accessed on December 20, 2011.
↑ Johnston, Garth (2011-11-15). "Police Arrest OWS Reporter As He Pleads "I'm A Reporter!"". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HqESagQ. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Arrested Journalists list: Karen Matthews|Karen Matthews, Seth Wenig, Associated Press; Matthew Lysiak, New York Daily News; Julie Walker, NPR; Jared Malsin, The New York Times; Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax, DNAinfo NEws; Doug Higginbotham, freelance video journalist working for TV New Zealand; An unidentified Vanity Fair correspondent; An unidentified Agance France Presse photographer; from Atlantic Wire
↑ Nov 15 arrests: Julie Walker of NPR, Jared Malsin of The Local East Village, Jennifer Weiss of Agence France-Presse, Justin Bishop of Vanity Fair, Matthew Lysiak of New York Daily News, Karen Matthews and Seth Wenig of the Associated Press, Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax of DNAinfo,and Doug Higginbotham of TV New Zealand.
↑ Exclusive Video: Inside Police Lines at the Occupy Wall Street Eviction. Mother Jones. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.
↑ David Badash. Defiant NYC Mayor Bloomberg To Occupy Protestors: â€˜No Right Is Absoluteâ€™. The New Civil Rights Movement. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.
↑ Stableford, Dylan (2011-11-17). "Press clash with police during Occupy Wall Street raid; seven journalists arrested". The Cutline (Yahoo News). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63HLuZt3W. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Willis, Amy; Chris Irvine (2011-11-15). "Occupy Wall Street eviction: as it happened". The Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxCrrjf. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "CBS News NY News Desk tells me their helicopter was forced down by NYPD -- they had to go down for fuel but weren't allowed back up. #ows" </li>
↑ Gitlin, Sarah; Janine Balekdjian (2011-11-15). "Reoccupy Wall Street". The Columbia Daily Spectator. Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxWzwQd. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "A CBS helicopter that tried to cover the eviction aerially was forced to leave the airspace over the park by the NYPD, depriving the world of a view of what, exactly, the police were doing." </li>
↑ Journalists obstructed from covering OWS protests. Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-15. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.
↑ SPJ condemns arrests of journalists at Occupy protests. Society of Professional Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-18. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.
↑ "Human rights group concerned over journalistsâ€™ arrests at Occupy protests". Associated Press. Huffington Post. 2011-11-17. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HyxJz54. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ "Journalists arrested and obstructed again during Occupy Wall Street camp eviction". Reporters Without Borders. 2011-11-16. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HdyEWIx. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>
↑ Template:cite press release
↑ 11/21/11. Media upset at NYPD for treatment of reporters at OWS â€” am New York. Amny.com. URL accessed on 2011-11-24.
↑ reporter:John Knefel, Nick Isebella, Justin Wedes, Paul Sullivan, Lorenzo Serna, Jeff Smith, Charles Meacham
↑ Busted for Tweeting
↑ RT News
↑ Washington Post - OCCUPY OAKLAND: After 2nd arrest, comics journalist Susie Cagle shares her on-the-ground experience
↑ Aronsen, Gavin (29 January 2012). "Journalistsâ€”Myself Includedâ€”Swept Up in Mass Arrest at Occupy Oakland". Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/mojo/2012/01/journalists-arrested-occupy-oakland. Retrieved 31 January 2012. </li>
↑ Yael Chanoff - Occupy Oakland inmates at Santa Rita attacked- developing story
↑ Salon - Occupy Oakland protesters denied medication in jail (2/2/12)
↑ Ars Technica - Journalist recovers video of his arrest after police deleted it
↑ Osbourne, Charlie (19 December 2011). "Occupy Journalism: The cultural shift in citizen broadcasting". ZDNet. http://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/occupy-journalism-the-cultural-shift-in-citizen-broadcasting/13803. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li>
↑ Martin, Adam (3 January 2012). "Occupy Wall Street's Livestream Operators Arrested". The Atlantic Wire. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2012/01/occupy-wall-streets-livestream-operators-arrested/46921/. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li> </ol>

External links

Josh Sterns - Tracking Journalist Arrests at Occupy Protests Around the Country

Anarchopedia:Former featured articles : Drop weapon, US 'Hearts & Minds' campaign in HÄ«t, Iraq, Cooperative conglomerate, Barack Obama

Pic pick

Govardhan Eco Village panoramic view; as with almost all images everywhere on the web, and particularly on wikis, left click to view the original, larger version

History

This month that year in the Wars for Capitalism:

Main article: September in the Wars for Capitalism

Sitting Bull in 1883

â€¢ 8th of September, 1883 â€” United States of America: Sitting Bull, main chief of the Sioux tribes, delivers a speech insulting and making fools of US authorities to great applause. Sitting Bull (Tatanka Iyotake), whose position was being bypassed by US authorities because he firmly stood against the robbery of the native peoples, spoke at the celebration of the driving of the last spike in the Northern Pacific railroad joining with the transcontinental system. He delivered the speech in his Sioux language, departing from a speech originally prepared with an army translator. Denouncing the US government, settlers and army, the listeners thought he was delivering a speech of welcome and praise. While giving the speech Sitting Bull paused for applause periodically, bowed, smiled and continued insulting and making asses of the audience and US authorities as the translator delivered the original address.^[1]

â€¢ 4th of September, 1886, United States of America: Legendary Apache Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson A. Miles at Skeleton Canyon, Arizona, ending the last major US-Indian conflict. Geronimo had led a small band of men, women and children out of forced internment on the San Carlos reservation, successfully evading thousands of US and Mexican troops, regiments of Indian auxiliaries, and an unknown number of civilians, for over 18 months in the Southwest wilderness

â€¢ 9th of September, 1898, Puerto Rico: US and Spanish Commissions meet in San Juan to discuss the details of the withdrawal of Spanish troops and the cession of the island to the United States

â€¢ 4th September, 1903, United States of America: Cripple Creek, Colorado, where mine owners are trying to bust the labor union, police and deputy sheriffs are relieved of their duties and all citizens are required to register their firearms. Governor Peabody sends in the the militia. In 1904 they seize the local sympathetic newspaper, and round up strikers into "bullpens" or take them to the Kansas border and abandon them. Dozens are arrested without warrantsâ€¦ General Sherman Bell of the Colorado National Guard shouted, "Habeus Corpus, hell! We'll give 'em post mortems."

Industrial Workers of the World icon

â€¢ 28th of September, 1917, US: 166 Wobblies (Industrial Workers of the World/IWW union activists) indicted for interfering with the war effort in the 'war to end all war'. The first move in an illegal but successful US government campaign to (with no offense intended to those who struggle) cripple the radical union movement. The First World War, that like those that preceded it, was openly a war of conquest. WWI opened so many ordinary people's eyes to the horrors of war, and consequently met with the first organized resistance to war. The resulting anti-war movement grew to great strength, but did not rise to the true threat of Hitler, and the radically less severe threat of the Soviet Great Purge, and not only lost credibility for its lack of a stand against Hitler, but allowed the USSR's politicide to be conflated with the Nazi's genocide.

â€¢ 4th of September, 1918 â€” Russia: American troops land at Archangel in North Russia, one year after the Russian Revolution, to "protect U.S. interests." (see also 1918 August 3, 1920 August 8, 1919 April 7). They are ultimately soundly defeated in a little known US invasion with disastrous effects on US Foreign policy in the following decades. Allied invasion and intervention is continuous from 1918-20. The US 27th Regiment was part of the Allied force in Siberia. The US 31st Infantry Regiment (Polar Bears), as well as British, Canadian, Czech, Chinese, Italian, French, and Japanese troops, also participated.^[2]

â€¢ 4th of September, 1921, United States of America: Federal troops march up Hewitt Creek in Logan County after gaining a cease fire the the Battle of Blair Mountain yesterday. Efforts to unionize the southern West Virginia coal fields are ended with the arrival of the 10th US Infantry

â€¢ 1926, China: United States of America Marines begin fighting in the Yangtze Valley (until Oct. 21, 1927)

â€¢ Klaus Barbie, the Nazi "Butcher of Lyon", Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) and later CIA, German intelligence (BND) and Gladio agent: In Sept. 1935, joined the SS (Schutzstaffel); Sicherheitsdienst (SD) special security branch. Involved in the September 1944 massacre in Rehaupal. In Sept. 1991, died.

â€¢ 1st of September, 1939: Germany invades Poland, starts World War II. World War II shocks the conscience, but weakens it all the same. It opens US intelligence and military capabilities to worldwide level, and US government eyes to the possibilities of an American empire, while at the same time informing the world public of all the culture and diversity of the world worth saving from their depredations. It is the use of Nazis to catch other Nazis that leads to the weakening of institutional morality in the OSS, which becomes a CIA fully controlled by anti-communist and pro-capitalist agendas, whereupon the Nazi-collaborating Gladio murders and sets murderers free, all to manipulate European politics

â€¢ 9th of September, 1942 â€” United States of America: The only time the American mainland has ever been attacked, if you believe that 9/11 was an inside job. Japan floats incendiary balloons across the Pacific, flying over Oregon, in an attempt to set fire to the forests of Oregon and Washington. The forests failed to ignite. Europe is devastated by the second of two world wars, and has every reason to fear and despise war, but to America, war means only the glorious lies of war propaganda and the erroneous argument that it is good for business (and what enterprise would not be good for profits, with a desperate or browbeaten workforce on low wages and rationed goods? With the end result being bodies, wounded, and the smoke of burning buildings and bombs, there is not much to be said either for its product, the one aspect of production that capitalist economists always fail to mention)

â€¢ 3rd of September, 1954, United States of America: Espionage and Sabotage Act authorizes five years imprisonment for trespassing on Government property;^[3] Congress passes a bill to revoke the citizenship of persons convicted of conspiracy to overthrow the government

â€¢ Guatemalan coup d'Ã©tat of 1954: CIA Operation PBHISTORY (WP): The National Committee of the Defense against Communism continues to gather names of "communists"; by November they had 72,000, subject to arrest and detention without legal defense or appeal.^[4]

â€¢ 5th of September, 1961 â€” United States of America: President Kennedy orders resumption of nuclear testing, "underground, with no fallout." (see December 9, 10 and 18)

â€¢ 1st September, 1965, Dominican Republic: A provisional president installed, following the "Act of Reconciliation." It has lasted 132 days, this war of wood & knife & carbines against American mortars & machine guns. The city smells of powder & sweepings & dead. They have not accepted treason nor consolation and thus are crushed. They fought at night, every night, all the night, ferocious battles house-to-house, hand-to-hand, inch-to-inch, until from the bottom of the sea they raised the sun...and then they hid until the following night. After many such nights of horror & glory, the invading American troops install again a puppet who knows well the song & dance of US business.^[5] ^[6] ^[7]

â€¢ 24th of September, 1968, United States of America: Anti-war protestors destroy 10,000 draft files in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

â€¢ 8th of September, 1971 â€” United States of America: Beginning of the Attica Prison revolt. Interracial uprising in NY lasting four days, with cooperation between prisoners of different racial and ethnic backgrounds, which is finally brutally suppressed by the state, with 41 left dead. The prisoners were unreasonably demanding improvements in their living and working conditions. "A guy who rigs aluminum prices can get himself introduced by Georgie Jessel at $100 dollars a plate but stealing a can of beer can get you iced."â€” Ishmael Reed, YELLOW BACK RADIO BROKE-DOWN[3][4] An identical prison riot (even assuming, on the sparse evidence, that there was one, internet censorship, and allegations of terrorist attacks against the US are the only excuse for the US ignoring UN outcries and bombing Libya into regime change and backing the assassination of its leader forty years later.

â€¢ 1973, Chile: 15th of September: Victor Jara murdered in massacre after American-sponsored overthrow of Salvador Allende. Also killed is at least one American Wobbly; Background materials on the Chilean workers' movement in the 1970s: Recollectionbooks^[8]

â€¢ 8th of September, 1976, England: Hull Prison revolt. For four days in September 1976, prisoners take over three of the four wings of Hull prison. Included, Jake Prescott (in prison for his activities with the anarchist Angry Brigade). Their protests include conditions in prison workshops, where furniture is made for prisons in Iran. Thusly, rioting prisoners on the roof shout, "Fuck the Shah of Iran! Fuck the Shah of Iran!"

George Bush Sr. steals again in 1989 more or less what Jimmy Carter returned in 1977

â€¢ 7th of September, 1977, Panama: Omar Torrijos and Jimmy Carter sign a treaty returning sovereignty of the Canal Zone to PanamÃ¡. General Torrijos says he does not want to enter history. He wants to enter the Canal Zone, stolen by the US at the beginning of the century. When accused of serving Moscow or Havana, Torrijos laughs. Every people, he says, swallows its own aspirin for its own headache. and if it comes down to it, he gets along with the Castristas better than the castrati. Under pressure of world opinion, the US agrees to slowly return the Canal in stages. "ItÊ¼s better this way," says Torrijos, relieved. They've saved him the disagreeable task of blowing up the canal and all its installations.^[9]

â€¢ 1979, England: The 'Persons Unknown' trial opens. The state's lack of evidence is evident by their charge; six anarchists were charged with 'conspiracy with persons known & unknown to cause explosions'. The six were found not guilty, and a member of the jury became an anarchist...

â€¢ 17th of September, 1980, Nicaragua. Anastasio Somoza Debayle (WP) assassinated. With US support, followed up the rule as dictator by his father, (WP), with his own. De facto leader of Nicaragua until his death. The US backed the Somoza family rule as its best connection to US business interests, and its means of assassinating anarchism-influenced freedom fighter Augusto CÃ©sar Sandino (WP)

â€¢ 5th of September, 1981 â€” England: After 20,000 march in a Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament protest in London against the deployment of nuclear-armed Cruise Missiles and the MX-20 cruise-missiles-on-rails project, the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp is established outside one of scores of United States Air Force Bases on English soil (Greenham Air Base) as "Women For Life On Earth". Some recall Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and say that Britain is now "Airstrip One". US general Alexander Haig is soon to come on BBC Radio and declare his support for not only 'first strike' but a 'limited nuclear war in Europe' as the best plan he can think of in the event of an imagined Soviet tank invasion. The USSR was involved indirectly in a handful of coups -compare with the US rate of at least one significant military engagement per year- and suppression of rebellions, and intervened in Afghanistan at its government's behest -and some say, was lured there by US intelligence- but never invaded any country

â€¢ 1st of September, 1985, US: To avert Senate passage of sanctions against the apartheid (WP) regime in South Africa, after 11 western nations have already imposed sanctions, Ronald Reagan announces a much less effective sanction package

â€¢ 1st of September, 1986 -- Charles Liteky & George Mizo begin Fast For Life in Washington D.C against US support of Nicaraguan Contra (WP) anti-socialist death squads / anti-democratic 'regime change' usurpers.

â€¢ 1st of September, 1987 -- US: During a nonviolent protest at Concord Naval Weapons Station, a Navy munitions train runs over San Francisco activist S. Brian Willson, at a blockade protesting American arms shipments to the Contras, when the train fails to stop. Willson loses both legs but remains an active & articulate leader in the anti-military movement. He is later sued by civilian members of the train crew for the "humiliation, embarrassment & emotional distress" the incident caused them

GHW in the Oval Office sometime around the time of his address to the US

â€¢ 1st of September, 1989 -- US: No Wise Cracks?: the Bush Senior administration decides to purchase some crack cocaine so George Bush can hold the drug in his hands during a national address near the beginning of the 'War on Drugs'. On the first attempt, the drug dealer didn't show up. On the second try, an undercover drug agent's body microphone didn't work. Today, trying for the third time, Big Shrub's team scores the crack, but the operator videotaping the deal misses the action as a homeless person assaults him. Bush's son, Little Shrub, a drug user & 1999 presidential candidate, refuses to talk of his cocaine use â€” or about all the people doing long prison-time in Texas (where he is state Governor) for the same crime. The WoD is a unique style of Wars for Capitalism operation, in that it contains the same subterfuge and misdirection as a black flag operation, but in reverse. The US government uses the illegality of drugs to attack the Left, which they know is linked to the drug culture, but deals drugs to the inner cities, mistakenly believing that it will weaken the users and correctly deducing (kind of a no brainer, though) that it will make them boatloads of untraceable money to fund their wars and put most of the lefty drug culture in prison. (CIA drug trafficking)^[10] ^[11]

â€¢ 20th of September, 1990, Iraq: Saddam Hussein demands US networks broadcast his message, of peace, love, and harmony for all the children of planet Earth

Aristide and wife Mildred in 2004

â€¢ In 1991, the US had backs a coup d'Ã©tat (WP) of democratically-elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide. By 1994, the UN, suspecting US involvement and opposed to the military regime that replaced Aristide, is determined that it should be deposed. The writing is on the wall for the US, and it feints in the opposite direction, involving itself in Aristide's return to Haiti with Operation Uphold Democracy. Later, the back-up plan is revealed, as the US uses its involvement as leverage to extract promises from Aristide to change Haiti's policies to be favorable to the US. Because these reactionary pro-multinational steps backward would have reverted Aristide's reforms, and changed Haitian government to the same form as planned by Aristide's 1990 opponent, the US demands would have entirely nullified the elections, thereby subverting the democracy they claim to support yet again. Aristide is one of the very few world leaders that has ever double-crossed the US and survived; he promised the changes, and then went on with his original plans. A great man who will always be remembered by Anarchopedia as standing up to the greatest and most insidiously evil force in history. Not surprisingly, albeit with obvious implications for its moral code, the US then usurps Haitian democracy a second time by kicking Aristide out again in 2004. It was not the last such meddling, and there will others; see 2011 USA intervention in Haitian elections and the recent discovery of Gold in Haiti.

â€¢ 1995: Operation Deliberate Force NATO bombing campaign during the Bosnian War arrives too late to prevent some of the most heinous war crimes of the century, and by employing only massive force, perpetrates many of the crimes which it is ostensibly mandated to prevent or correct

â€¢ 1st of September, 1996, Germany: 16 activists in Stuttgart arrested at EUROCOM, the U.S. Armed Forces command HQ for Europe, Africa, & the Middle East (& central NATO command), in a protest of NATO expansion into Eastern Europe

â€¢ 1st of September, 1997, England: Kurdish and British activists blockade an arms trade (WP) exhibition outside London. 89 arrested

â€¢ 5th of September, 2001, Peru: Homicide charges are filed against exiled ex-dictator Alberto Fujimori. [Source: Robert Braunwart]

â€¢ 5th of September, 2002 â€” United States of America: George W. Bush and British PM Tony Blair meet to drum up international support for war on Iraq, Camp David, Md. Most of the world, sans the US media, Congressmen, politicians and a small portion of gullible Americans, reject their concoction of half-truths, distortions and outright lies.^[12]^[13] [Source: Robert Braunwart]. UN human-rights chief Mary Robinson accuses the United States of America, Russia and China of hiding behind the war on terrorism to trample civil rights. [Source: Robert Braunwart]

â€¢ 2004: Luigi Ciavardini, member of the Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari is arrested for a bank robbery. The NAR and Ciavardini specifically is connected, with the Terza Posizione to the Gladio bombing named the Bologna massacre. Before and after the 2004 arrest, Ciavardini was in and out of prison, repeatedly freed by Gladio-corrupted Italian justices of not only the bank robbery charge, not only two cover-up assassinations, but the Bologna massacre itself

â€¢ 2007: Saffron Revolution (WP): Myanmar's junta has stated that nationwide monk protests, which took place in August and September, were the results of timely collaborated plots of "a Western power" and antigovernment groups aiming to install a puppet government in the country. The Myanmar junta used to refer to the United States as "a Western power".^[14] This is not as implausible as it sounds; the CIA continues to back the Tibetan Buddhists that were the first group (in 1950) they ever fully backed against another country, see 14th Dalai Lama, section 'CIA backing'

Drop weapon

An article on this subject was deleted on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Drop weapon (2nd nomination)
WP administrators can restore the edit history
of this page upon request

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A drop weapon is a weapon carried by a soldier for the purpose of creating false evidence (WP), placing it on or near a slain individual to make that person appear to be an enemy combatant or insurgent. Alternatively, a drop weapon or other item is left in the open; any individual who picks it up may be fired upon; a process known as baiting.^[15]

The use of drop weapons has been the cause of some controversy in the Iraq War.^[16]^[17]

Baiting is a similar procedure, in that the perpetrator leaves items on the ground, but it has far different ramifications. Items are left for people in the area to find and pick up; doing so is considered evidence of insurgency. This is despite there being a multitude of reasons for them to do so,^[18] including simple curiousity and importantly, the desire to AVOID being branded as insurgents because of damning evidence left outside their houses. Rather than falsification of evidence, baiting creates the danger of legal entrapment (WP) for the perpetrator, and thus illegal killing of the victim. According to documents quoted by the Washington Post,^[19] the U.S. military's Asymmetric Warfare Group (WP) encouraged snipers to drop items "such as detonation cords, plastic explosives and ammunition"^[15] then kill Iraqis who handled the items.^[15]^[16]

In one incident United States Army (WP) Sgt. Evan Vela was sentenced to a 10 year prison term for murder after being convicted of murdering an unarmed Iraqi and planting evidence.^[20]

"Baiting is putting an object out there that we know they will use, with the intention of destroying the enemy...Basically, we would put an item out there and watch it. If someone found the item, picked it up and attempted to leave with the item, we would engage the individual as I saw this as a sign they would use the item against U.S. Forces." - Capt. Matthew P. Didier, the leader of an elite sniper scout platoon attached to the 1st Battalion of the 501st Infantry Regiment, in a sworn statement. Josh White and Joshua Partlow, Washington Post Staff Writers, Monday, September 24, 2007 , in the Washington Post^[15]

The Asymmetric Warfare Group is said by Captain Didier to have sent boxes of the kind normally used to hold ammunition filled with "drop items" to his unit, the 1st Battalion 501st Infantry Regiment in order "to disrupt the AIF [Anti-Iraq Forces] attempts at harming coalition forces and give us the upper hand in a fight."^[15]^[21]

The Independent newspaper quoted a spokesperson for the US military as saying: "We don't discuss specific methods of targeting enemy combatants. The accused are charged with murder and wrongfully placing weapons on the remains of Iraqi nationals. There are no classified programmes that authorise the murder of local nationals and the use of 'drop weapons' to make killings appear legally justified."^[21]

Iraq, 27 April, 2007

Spec. Jorge Sandoval, it was found by a military court, shot an Iraqi man, who was cutting grass with a rusty sickle, on the order of Staff Sgt. Michael Hensley. The two men then placed a spool of wire into the pocket of the dead man.^[15] Hensley and Sandoval were charged with murder, of which they were acquitted and with planting evidence, of which they were found guilty.^[20]

May 11th, 2007

In the village of Jurf as Sakhr along the Euphrates River most of the sniper team chose an area to hide and sleep in. One of the members of the unit, Staff Sgt. Michael Hensley stayed on guard. While on his guard he witnessed an Iraqi man, Genei Nesir Khudair Al-Janabi,^[20] slowing creeping towards the hide area where the other snipers were sleeping. At this point he put in a call to then-first-lieutenant Matthew P. Didier, for permission to make a "close kill". The request was authorized on a "as needed" basis. Hensley again ordered another man, Sgt. Evan Vela, to make the kill, and several minutes later Didier received word from of the kill from Hensley.

In court documents Hensley is quoted as saying "I thought that he was trying to alert insurgents," Hensley said. "I felt like I had no choice or we would be further compromised."^[20]

Jorge Sandoval and Evan Vela were charged with murder, and the two men plus Hensley were charged with planting an AK47 on the body of Al-Janabi. Sandoval was acquitted of murder. Sandoval, Vela and Hensley were convicted of planting evidence,^[20] and Evan Vela was convicted of murder.

The defense claimed two somewhat contradictory justifications: one, Vela was sleep-deprived, and did not mean to kill, and two, that he was ordered to by Hensley, and was only carrying out orders.^[20]

Micronation diplomacy

Pretenders and micronations are a fascinating subject, because in their impotence, they lay bare the lack of any real power that states have. All is in the mind of the governors or the governed, or Guns or Butter (WP)

An article on this subject was deleted on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Interactions between micronations
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of this page upon request

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One of the first micronations (WP) to be established, in 1865, was the Kingdom of Redonda, on a Caribbean island; there are hundreds more today.^[22] Many micronations have diplomatic relations with other micronations; inasmuch as no macronation, or undisputed country, will recognize a micronation, their diplomatic relations are usually limited to other micronations.^[23] However, micronations often make pronouncements with respect to nations, or declare policy with respect to nations, some more substantial^[22]^[23] than the common micronation declaration that they 'give gifts' to nearby or encompassing nations rather than pay taxes.^[22]^[23]^[24] According to the declarative theory of statehood of the Montevideo Convention, countries need population, territory, government, and diplomacy to be considered sovereign.^[25]^[26] Many micronations will not recognise less serious micronations than themselves.^[27] While micronational diplomacy usually consists of friendly contact between micronations,^[23] some micronations, such as the Principality of Seborga and the Madison Kingdom of Talossa,^[28] refuse to recognise any micronation as an unofficial or official policy. The reverse is also true; the Hutt River Principality is visited by officials of the Australian government, despite its unrecognized status.^[23]

In at least three instances, the foundation of a micronation was a protest against the laws or administration of the nearby macronation.^[24]^[22]^[29] The Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands (WP) was founded in response to Australia's ban on gay marriage.^[22]^[30]^[31]The Mittagong, New South Wales city council decided to divert construction of a sewer line, after the Principality of Dubeldeka was formed, to the outskirts of its property;^[22] the founders of the micronation claim that the hotel they planned to restore would have been destroyed by the original course of pipelaying.^[22] The Principality of Wy decided being part of a local council that denied them road access was not worth it, and seceded in 2004.^[24] The NSK micronation opposes the very concept of nations,^[32]^[33] and Cyber Yugoslavia is critical of Yugoslavian nationalism.^[32]

The dissolution of the Soviet Union created areas that were no longer parts of the former USSR (WP) or Russia (WP), nor established states; micronations whose sovereignty and relationship to other countries was unclear, yet whose national borders and ethnic constituency still had precedence in history.^[34]

The largest intermicronational organisation in micronational history is the Organisation of Active Micronations (OAM),^[35] which boasts over 80 member nations.^[36] The League of Small Nations (LSN), modelled after the League of Nations (WP), consists of the Dominion of British West Florida, the Sovereign Barony of Caux, the Grand Duchy of Greifenberg and the Republic of Molossia.^[37] There are also intermicronational organisations that are reputable, while accepting nations and micronations that do not necessarily meet all of the Montevideo Convention requirements for a state, such as the Micronational Professional Registry (MPR)^[38] and the League of Secessionist States (LoSS)^[39] The United Micronations Multi-Oceanic Archipelago (UMMOA) claims recognition from an organization in Italy by the name of International Parliament for Safety and Peace.^[40]

The continent of Australia swells the number of micronations considerably;^[22]^[23]^[24] micronations there attend to diplomatic business at micronation conferences,^[22] including the April 2010 PoliNation conference on an island just off the coast of Sydney, Australia.^[31]^[41]

Ambassadors to other micronations tend to visit, rather than live in them, or conduct diplomacy at a distance.^[23] Ambassadors can be assigned to macronations (most commonly to the macronation that surrounds a micronation), but are never recognised as ambassadors by the macronation. The definition of state visit remains the same for micronations as larger ones. Grand Duke Paul of Greifenberg made a state visit to President Kevin Baugh of Molossia on April 21, 2008, where they talked about micronationalism.^[42] On May 23, 2008, Grand Duke Paul visited Baron John I of the Barony of Caux.^[43] From June 27â€“30, 2008, Prince Christopher and Princess Erin of Vikesland visited Molossia. During the visit, they engaged in joint military and rocket projects.^[44] All of these state visits were between members of the League of Small Nations.

Micronations typically use definitions of embassies and ambassadors loosely. Lovely,^[45] for example, declares any location its flag is displayed to be an embassy. Some will declare just about any location to be an embassy, including a webpage. Some micronations consist purely as embassies. The citizens of Atlantia, a micronation on the Australian continent, all claim dual citizenship, both Australian and Atlantian.^[22]

Micronational war (WP) is usually done jokingly. For instance, micronations, such as the Conch Republic,^[46] and the Hutt River Province^[47] in 1977,^[22] have declared war on the macronations that surround them.^[23] Macronations generally ignore this. Wars may be declared between micronation; Molossia helped to create another micronation, Mustachistan, and after a territorial dispute went to war with it.^[48] Molossia also declared a never-ending war on East Germany (WP), which it claims still exists, on Ernst ThÃ¤lmann Island.^[49] Slightly more serious incidents include Sealand, off the coast of England, whose territory is an island that was a military base during World War II base, that once fired warning shots when a British Navy boat came close to shore,^[22] and 'civil wars' in which citizens of a micronation declare war on it, hacking into its website to crash it.^[32]

References

Micronations John Ryan, George Dunford, Simon Sellars Review. The Australian
Jody Shapiro will teach you How to Start Your Own Country; Vanessa Farquharson, Oct. 21, 2010, National Post
How to Start Your Own Country YouTube (WP)
- How to Start Your Own Country Pt2 YouTube Alternative title: How to Finish Your Own Country?

The lie of WMDs in Iraq admitted

The USA retains over 10,000 nuclear warheads, down from a Cold War average of 20,000

Eight years ago, Colin Powell, on behalf of the Bush administration, set the USA, with its nuclear arsenal still at half its Cold War level, on a course for war with Iraq, with a cry of WMDs! OMG! The administration bulldozed their way past Intelligence agencies that decried their evidence as faulty, but Powell's and later Bush's 16 words speeches went on as planned. With the war, the fabrication of the war, and the aftermath of the war, there was much to obscure the fact that one of the reasons for the Bush administration's success in pulling a war out of a hat was that they had the pretext of a real person, albeit unreliable as a source, who was behind the story as they told it. Now, the source of the information, codenamed Curveball, has come clean.^[50]

"Key Bush Admin "Source" Admits to Lying about Iraqi WMD"

Weapons of mass destruction are nuclear, biological, or chemical

An Iraqi defector whose claims were used to help build the case for the U.S. invasion of Iraq has admitted for the first time that he lied. In an interview with The Guardian of London, Rafid Ahmed Alwan al-Janabiâ€”codenamed "Curveball"â€”says he fabricated tales of mobile biological weapons laboratories and other secret sites under Saddam Hussein. Janabi says he was hoping to topple Saddam Husseinâ€™s government and was "shocked" when his claims were cited in then-U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powellâ€™s infamous address to the United Nations eight years ago. Top Bush administration officials insisted on highlighting Janabiâ€™s claims despite widespread doubts amongst U.S. intelligence.^[50] - Headlines for February 16, 2011, Democracy Now!

File:Switch off internet in case of political dissent.jpg

Satirical graphic made in reaction to the internet blackout in Egypt

This shows a different side to the plausible deniability tactic, and a double standard for the reliability of information: providing just enough information to silence dissenters makes information reliable for allies and supporters, where just enough doubt for allies and supporters makes dissenters' information unreliable.

2011 Egyptian media censorship

The Hacktivism (WP) group Anonymous (WP) displayed the altruistic side of direct action for the uninitiated, with low-tech faxes, to update Egyptians behind the information 'Iron Curtain'^[51] during the January 2011 internet block in Egypt.^[51]

2011 USA intervention in Haitian elections

File:Haiti Election Vote Recount (Percent of Registered Voters).png

75% of voters are reported to have stayed away from the April 2011 runoff elections. The 71% of Haitians who did not vote in the November 2010 elections was one of the reasons for the runoff and ousting of Celestin by the USA

File:Michel Martelly Poster.JPG

'Sweet Micky' poster, 23 November 2010

In 2009, the Fanmi Lavalas party, closest to Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was forbidden participation in Haiti's November '10 elections by the provisional election council created by the current president, Rene Praval. Under cover of the Egyptian protests, the US, to the orchestrated swell of allegations of voter fraud as a pretext for runoff elections, pressured Haiti to remove Jude Celestin, the candidate least affiliated with right-wing Haitian government, US-backed Haitian governments, Haitian dictators, or all three, after the election was criticized as unfair. The US also pressured Haiti to add Michel Martelly to the ballot, to face Mirlande Manigat in the revised election.^[52]
Election fraud debunked; voter boycott proved
Michelle Martelly won the subsequent runoff election, that was also "marred by problems". The fact that 71% of Haitians stayed away from an election without Lavalas was used to justify the runoff election and give credence to the claims of voter fraud by Celestin. But at the runoff election itself, the turnout was even lower; 25% instead of 29%.^[52] The recent voter turnouts are a slump back to pre-Aristide levels; 60% or more of Haitians voted in all the elections in which Jean-Bertrand Aristide or his Lavalas party were on the ballot.^[53]^[54]^[55]^[56]

â€¢ Michel Martelly, 'popularly known as' "Sweet Micky" â€” a moniker sometimes used interchangeably to refer to himself as well as his band â€” is a Haitian performing and recording artist, composer,^[57] and musical sociopolitical activist, who breaks the expected lefty mold of American and British entertainers with his well-hidden support for the Duvalier regime.^[58] Between the time of the 1991 coup d'Ã©tat and the return of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1994, he also supported the government of disbanded Haitian military and pro-US forces that deposed Aristide and took power.^[58]^[59] He ran on a platform of nothing much in particular, being described as a joke candidate by many reports. However, he claimed nepotism and voter fraud by Celestin, as did Mirlande Manigat.

Coalition to Save the Preserves

Coalition to Save the Preserves was a name chosen in 2002 by Mark Sands to cover up his arson of a building that he did not want in his area by portraying it as Propaganda of the deed (or more specifically, 'eco-terrorism').^[60]

An article on this subject was deleted on Wikipedia:
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/
Coalition to Save Preserves
WP administrators can restore the edit history
of this page upon request

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The fact that Sands had been perpetrating a hoax, however dangerous a hoax, never seemed to fully sink into the minds of some US. security agency employees, and most likely others decided it would be expedient to ignore this fact, and they have issued numerous lists of terrorists with the CtStP included:

In 2006, the Department of Homeland Security issued a threat assessment that included the CtStP as one of the threats on US soil that had carried out domestic terrorism.^[61]
Listing on the Global Terrorism Database by START National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, a Center of Excellence of the US Department of Homeland Security based at the University of Maryland^[62]

Understandably, Sands' Not In My Back Yard (NIMBY) activity was something of a threat to real direct action (WP) advocates, and Earth First! (WP), with considerably fewer resources than the FBI or the later security agencies, was at the time, at pains to point out that it was not responsible for his activity^[63]

Anarchopedia:Article in the news archive â€¢ â€¢ Pretenders to the Ottoman Dynasty â€¢ â€¢ 2011 Egyptian media censorship â€¢ â€¢ 2011 USA intervention in Haitian elections â€¢ â€¢ Operation Avenge Assange â€¢ â€¢ Killing the drug fields: Paraquat poisoning from Operation Intercept to present â€¢ â€¢ Venesat-1

Citations

↑ http://www.ustrek.org/odyssey/semester1/010601/010601nickknee.html
↑ http://www.kolchak.org/History/Siberia/aef.htm
↑ http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/18C105.txt
↑ Stephen Kinzer, Stephen Schlesinger. Bitter Fruit. 2005 Edition. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies
↑ http://www.ralphmag.org/dominican.html
↑ http://hrw.org/worldreport/Americas-05.htm
↑ http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43/051.html
↑ http://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html#chile
↑ Century of the Wind, Eduardo Galleano, p245
↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkyBfJfcIoM
↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQvbdiWgwsA&feature=related
↑ http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/05/19/lies/print.html
↑ http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/05/19/lies/print.html
↑ Myanmar junta accuses Western powers of encouraging anti-junta protests+. Asian Political News. Kyodo News International. URL accessed on 2008-11-20.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 U.S. Aims To Lure Insurgents With 'Bait'
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 U.S. Snipers Accused of 'Baiting' Iraqis, Pauline Jelinek and Robert Burns, The Associated Press, Tuesday, September 25, 2007
↑ Stark writes to Defense Secretary Gates to express alarm at military "Baiting" of Iraqis
↑ Snipers Baited and Killed Iraqis, Soldiers Testify, Paul von Zielbauer, New York Times, September 25, 2007
↑ U.S. Army Snipers Accused of 'Baiting' Iraqi Insurgents Published September 25, 2007 "sworn statements and testimony in the cases of two other accused Ranger snipers indicate that the Army has a classified program that encourages snipers to "bait" potential targets and then kill whoever takes the bait", "The transcript of a court hearing for two of the three accused snipers makes several references to the existence of a classified "baiting" program"
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 ^20.5 Murder or Exhaustion in Iraq?, Time
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 Weapons left by US troops 'used as bait to kill Iraqis', Kim Sengupta, Baghdad, Tuesday 25 September 2007
↑ ^22.00 ^22.01 ^22.02 ^22.03 ^22.04 ^22.05 ^22.06 ^22.07 ^22.08 ^22.09 ^22.10 ^22.11 Fed up with your country? Create your own!, Kristen Gelineau, Associated Press, May 2, 2010. Seattle Times
↑ ^23.0 ^23.1 ^23.2 ^23.3 ^23.4 ^23.5 ^23.6 ^23.7 Rewards for Rebellion: Tiny Nation and Crown for Life Hutt River Journal, New York Times, page 1 & 2. Norimitsu Onishi, February 1, 2011
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 ^24.3 A nation to call their own; Talek Harris,AFP, in the Washington Times, July 25, 2010, pages 1-3. Also printed in Australia hosts independent micronations, China Post, pages 1&2
↑ Montevideo Convention Wikisource, can also be seen at Mt. Holyoak education database
↑ Our Sovereignty Republic of Molossia. Molossia'a statement on sovereignty, molossia.org
↑ Micronational diplomacy
↑ The Kingdom of Talossa
↑ We Could Have Invited Everyone; Art in Review. Roberta Smith, July 15, 2005 New York Times
↑ "Mini-states Down Under are sure they can secede", by Nick Squires, The Daily Telegraph (UK), 2005 February 24
↑ ^31.0 ^31.1 "If at first you don't secede...", by Mark Dapin, The Sydney Morning Herald - Good Weekend, 2005 February 12, pp 47-50
↑ ^32.0 ^32.1 ^32.2 Utopian Rulers, and Spoofs, Stake Out Territory Online; Stephen Mimh, May 25, 2000. New York Times
↑ New York Times, 25th May 2000; "The NSK state denies in its fundamental acts the categories of fixed territory, the principle of national borders, and advocates the law of transnationality." Utopian Rulers...
↑ Fate of Soviet 'Little Nations' at risk as union disintegrates Miami Herald - November 21, 1991. "Most of the "micronations" are the remnants of Slavic and Turkic tribes that once roamed what is now the Soviet Union. Some are descendants of fiefdoms"
↑ Organisation of Active Micronations
↑ Member Nations Organisation of Active Micronations
↑ Member Nations League of Small Nations
↑ Micronational Professional Registry (MPR)
↑ LoSS: League of Secessionist States
↑ United Micronations Multi-Oceanic Archipelago (UMMOA): UMMOA/AMOMU
↑ Micronations Life Matters, Past Programs, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
↑ Greifenberg State Visit, 22 April 2008, XXXI Khamsin Molossia News
↑ Leaders of Greifenberg and Barony of Caux Meet, Tuesday, 27 May 2008, Greifenberg Press Agency (GPA)
↑ Vikesland State Visit, 30 June 2008, XXXI Khamsin Molossia News
↑ How to Start Your Own Country, YouTube
↑ 'Lonely Planet' Explores Micronations; Lonely Planet, November 1, 2006, National Public Radio
↑ (2008). Principality of Hutt River - Official website. URL accessed on 2011-3-29.
↑ Molossian 'war' with Mustachistan
↑ Molossian 'war' on East Germany
↑ ^50.0 ^50.1 Key Bush Admin "Source" Admits to Lying about Iraqi WMD, Headlines for February 16, 2011, Democracy Now!
↑ ^51.0 ^51.1 Security1871Share13diggsdigg73inShareAmid Digital Blackout, Anonymous Mass-Faxes WikiLeaks Cables To Egypt 28 Jan '11, Andy Greenberg, The Firewall
↑ ^52.0 ^52.1 Michel Martelly Wins Haiti Presidential Election Democracy Now!, 5th April 2011
↑ Forum Haiti : Des IdÃ©es et des DÃ©bats sur l'Avenir d'Haiti (in English)
↑ Anatomy of an official lie; Chez-nous, Dick Bernard, March 3, 2006
↑ Elections held in 2000 Haiti Parliamentary Chamber: SÃ©nat
↑ Last elections Haiti. Chambre des DÃ©putÃ©s (Chamber of Deputies)
↑ "His Music Rules in Haiti: Sweet Micky's provocative music moves Haitians with an infectious beat and political overtones" Miami New Times, Elise Ackerman, May 29, 1997
↑ ^58.0 ^58.1 Michel Martelly, Stealth Duvalierist The Dominion, news from the grassroots, 16 Dec, '10
↑ Michel Martelly, de la chanson Ã l'Ã©lection, Kahina Sakkai, Paris Match, Feb 04, 2011
↑ Trumped-Up Eco-Terrorism: An Arsonist's Tale JAMES HIBBERD, New York Times, 12 February, 2002
↑ A Homeland Security Model for Assessing US Domestic Threats Shawn Cupp and Michael G. Spight, PDF
↑ Coalition to Save the Preserves (CSP) Terrorist Organization Profile, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (WP)
↑ Earth First! Journal

[Reu-1] 1.0 ^1.1 http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/28/us-syria-iraq-oil-un-idUSKBN0FX1JT20140728

[2] ttp://m.youtube.com/watch?v=uIO0jysy6-s

[3] ttp://rt.com/news/176280-un-isis-oil-trade/

[dear-4] 4.0 ^4.1 [http://www.compareafrique.com/dear-americans-hashtags-wont-bringbackourgirls-might-actually-making-things-worse/ Dear Americans, Your Hashtags Wonâ€™t #BringBackOurGirls. You Might Actually Be Making Things Worse

[West-5] [mobile.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/world/africa/boko-haram-seeks-new-battlegrounds.html?referrer= Waging War in Nigeria, and Seeking New Battlegrounds]

[kill-6] Boko Haram appears to take new tactic: Kill Muslims as they pray (+video)

[Geneva.3F-7] Eric Holder offers to help

[8] US says to help search for abducted Nigerian girls

[9] US Forces in Nigeria to Aid Search for Kidnapped Girls

[10] Gordon Brown calls for UK military aid in hunt for abducted Nigerian girls-UN adviser also to visit Nigerian president, Goodluck Jonathan, for talks on rescue of teenagers kidnapped by Boko Haram

[11] Nigeria overtakes South Africa to become Africa's largest economy

[KonyBBOG-12] Can A Social Media Campaign Really #BringBackOurGirls?

[13] Guinea girls in Nigerian sex slave campaign

[14] The UN Human Rights Committee says the U.S. should stop criminalizing homeless people for being homeless

[15] Ukraine crisis: Transcript of leaked Nuland-Pyatt call-BBC

[16] Video at YouTube Leak of Nuland - Pyatt call. U.S. top officials agreed to assign new Prime Minister of Ukraine

[17] Alarming trend in Ukraine: Historic monuments toppled, Nazi symbols spread

[18] Pipeline predicament: Ukraine-Syria-Russia-USA gas nexus -Press TV

[19] Ukraine's strategic importance Business Insider

[20] [https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08MOSCOW265_a.html#efmAB5ACs Nyet means Nyet: Russia's NATO enlargement redlines

[21] The Geopolitics of Gas and the Syrian Crisis: Syrian â€œOppositionâ€ Armed to Thwart Construction of Iran-Iraq-Syria Gas Pipeline Global Research

[22] Toyota to pay $1.2B settlement in vehicle acceleration lawsuit New York Post, March 19, 2014

[23] Senators accuse GM of coverup in delayed ignition-switch recall LA Times, April 2, 2014

[24] Headlines April 03, 2014,Democracy Now!

[25] Arms Trade Treaty: Toothless and Harmless -Commentary online

[26] How The NRA Is Working To Gut The U.N. Arms Trade Treaty March 19, 2013

[27] stored article originally in Time magazine, 1992

[CP05-12-05-28] Lila Rajiva, "The CIA's Rendition Flights to Secret Prisons: The Torture-Go-Round", CounterPunch, 5 December 2005

[29] Ex-British Ambassador to Uzbekistan Craig Murray -Democracy Now! report

[30] the US embassy cables Guardian

[31] [www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/207723 The US embassy cables: The documents]-The Guardian

[32] Later, when the plan to install them was a go, and the WikiLeaks documents had been release, and it was more important to cover up the army's planned role, Mubarek was to say that the army would not stand in the way of the democratic process : The Wikileaks: The Egyptian Regime Chapter Wednesday, August 31, 2011 -Military will ensure smooth success to a civilian even if it's Gamal Mubarak

[33] "The results of the analysis clearly indicate that the ordnance used in Khan al-Assal was not industrially manufactured and was filled with sarin. The sarin technical specifications prove that it was not industrially manufactured either. The absence of chemical stabilizers in the samples of the detected toxic agents indicate the relatively recent production. The projectile involved is not a standard one for chemical use. Hexogen utilized as an opening charge is not used in standard ammunitions. Therefore, there is every reason to believe that it was the armed opposition fighters who used the chemical weapons in Khan al-Assal"-text of Vitaly Churkin's statement on Democracy Now!

[34] YouTube video of Russian Ambassador Vitaly Churkin reporting the findings of a Russian investigative team that found that both the Sarin and the delivery agent used were non-standard and of recent manufacture

[35] Britain's preplan to attack Syria The Monarchy on YouTube 11:05

[36] Another U.S. Whistleblower Behind Bars? Investor Jailed After Exposing Corrupt Azerbaijani Oil Deal - Democracy Now!

[37] Almost 1,000 have died in Nigerian jails this year, says Amnesty International

[38] Update: Tunisia to Dissolve Government After Assassination, Day of Mass Protests

[39] the US embassy cables Guardian

[40] [www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/207723 The US embassy cables: The documents]-The Guardian

[41] Later, when the plan to install them was a go, and the WikiLeaks documents had been release, and it was more important to cover up the army's planned role, Mubarek was to say that the army would not stand in the way of the democratic process : The Wikileaks: The Egyptian Regime Chapter Wednesday, August 31, 2011 -Military will ensure smooth success to a civilian even if it's Gamal Mubarak

[42] Semantics - The Rise and Fall of Muammar al Gaddafi - YouTube

[43] Hamas Sweeps Palestinian Elections, Complicating Peace Efforts in Mideast "Complicating" in the title is the least of the words showing how little democracy was respected; one official quoted whines that it would be "hard" to make a coalition with the elected

[44] ttp://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-collections/415044/puppet-power/

[45] [www.democracynow.org/2013/10/25/diagnosing_the_online_health_exchange_debacle Diagnosing the Online Health Exchange Debacle: "Proprietary" Software Needs a Dose of Open Source]

[46] [elitedaily.com/life/culture/10-nra-blamed-sandy-hook-massacre/ 10 Things The NRA Blamed For The Sandy Hook Massacre]

[47] For Some, Vampire Fantasy Can Be All Too Real-Some of the teens suspected in the death of a Eustis couple dabbled in role-playing games. The Orlando (Florida) Sentinel, 12/8/96

[48] Violence free video games Mother Jones

[49] Manufacturing Climate Solutions â€“ Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S. Jobs Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness (CGGC), an affiliate of the Social Science Research Institute at Duke University

[50] Demonstration of Caterpillar C-10 Duel-Fuel Engines in MCI 102DL3 Commuter Buses

[51] Thomas Rubin, in the "free minds and free markets" outlet Reason Foundation, criticized the report as being "far removed from actual â€œreal worldâ€ experience." because the average occupancy of buses is so low. But it is Rubin who is not accurately portraying the real world, by using an average value, see main text

[52] Passenger Transport (Fuel Consumption). Hansard. UK House of Commons. URL accessed on 2008-03-25.

[53] Torture on Tape -Democracy Now!

[54] Arafat's death: what is Polonium-210? Al-Jazeera

[55] Al-Jazeera's compendium of sources

[56] ttp://www.democracynow.org/2012/7/18/bomber_strikes_syrian_regime_in_damascus Bomber Strikes Syrian Regime in Damascus, Killing Assadâ€™s Defense Minister, Brother-in-Law July 18, 2012, Democracy Now!

[57] ttp://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/07/201271901412429234.html US says Assad 'losing control' of crisis, Al Jazeera

[58] "U.S. Undecided on Whether Lugo Ouster was a Coup" Democracy Now!

[59] Latest News-(this link will rot, so replace) Former paraguayan president fernando lugo organizes a shadow government, Pedro Servin, Associated Press

[60] Coup in Paraguay: Will U.S. Join Latin America in Condemning Ouster of President Fernando Lugo? Democracy Now!

[guardian-61] Declan Walsh and Ewen MacAskill. American who sparked diplomatic crisis over Lahore shooting was CIA spy. The Guardian. URL accessed on 2011-02-21.

[dawn_28-62] Chaudhry, Asif US official guns down two motorcyclists in Lahore. Wikipedia:Dawn (newspaper). URL accessed on 13 February 2011.

[63] US official Raymond Davis on Lahore murder charges. BBC News. URL accessed on 31 January 2011.

[NYT20120129-64] Perlez, Jane (29 January 2012). "U.S. Seeks Release of Official in Pakistan". Wikipedia:The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/world/asia/30pakistan.html. Retrieved 13 February 2011. </li>

[65] Democracy Now!: "America is Not Broke!": Michael Moore addresses thousands in Madison, Wisconsin March 07, 2011

[66] Contains material from Wikipedia

[67] U.S falls to 47th in press freedom rankings after Occupy crackdown

[68] Reporters Without Borders: Targeting of Occupy journalists drops U.S. to 47th in press freedom

[69] Charges dropped against first reporter arrested at Occupy Wall Street

[70] Video - Charges Dropped Against Jailed MetroFocus Reporter

[71] Covering the march on foot and in handcuffs

[72] Natasha Lennard - [1]

[73] Kristen Gwynne - NYPD Mass Arrests of Occupy Wall Street Protesters: Firsthand Account from AlterNet Staffer Trapped on Bridge

[74] Marisa Holmes on Democracy Now

[700arrest-75] "700 Arrested After Wall Street Protest on N.Y.'s Brooklyn Bridge". Fox News Channel. October 1, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/10/01/500-arrested-after-wall-street-protest-on-nys-brooklyn-bridge/?test=latestnews. Retrieved October 1, 2011. </li>

[Hundreds_freed_after_New_York_Wall_Street_protest-76] "Hundreds freed after New York Wall Street protest". BBC News (BBC). October 2, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-15143509. Retrieved October 2, 2011. </li>

[NYT_Bridge_Lawsuit-77] ELIZABETH A. HARRIS (October 5, 2011). "Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit". The New York Times: p. A25. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/nyregion/citing-police-trap-protesters-file-suit.html?_r=1. Retrieved October 17, 2011. </li>

[78] Kristyna Wentz-Graff, Milwaukee Photojournalist, Arrested At Occupy Protest

[79] Journal Sentinel Mayor says it's 'very clear' arrested photographer was journalist

[80] No citations for Journal Sentinel photographer arrested while covering rally

[81] Daetz, Ama (November 3, 2011). "Journalist arrested while covering Oakland protest". KGO-TV. http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=8418546. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>

[82] "Human Rights Group Condemns Journalist Arrests At Occupy Protests". The Huffington Post. November 17, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/17/human-rights-group-condem_n_1100282.html. Retrieved November 21, 2011. </li>

[Cagle-83] [2]

[84] Occupy protests in Oakland and New York: a weekend of police clashes

[85] "My first-hand account of today's arrest"

[Estes_2011-11-16-86] Estes, Adam Clark (2011-11-16). "Press Is Not Forgetting the Journalists Arrested at Zuccotti Park". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HneHjTy. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[McCarthy_2011-11-17-87] McCarthy, Megan (2011-11-17). "Bloomberg Spokesperson Admits Arresting Credentialed Reporters, Reading The Awl". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hngyiiv. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[CBS_2011-11-15-88] "Several Journalists Among Those Arrested During Zuccotti Park Raid". CBSNewsYork/AP (CBS News). 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-16. http://www.webcitation.org/63FSXRa1j. Retrieved 2011-11-16. </li>

[Ventura_2011-11-16-89] 23.0 ^23.1 Ventura, Michael (2011-11-16). "DNAinfo.com Journalists Arrested While Covering OWS Police Raids". DNAinfo. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnkhWBB. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[Memmott_2011-11-15-90] Memmott, Mark (2011-11-15). "New York Police Clear Occupy Wall Street Protesters From Park". NPR. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hno1k7M. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[AP_WSJ-91] "Journalists detained at NYC Occupy protests". Associated Press. The Wall Street Journal. 2011-11-15. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnqegCw. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[Malsin_2011-11-15-92] Malsin, Jared (2011-11-15). "Reporter for The Local Is Arrested During Occupy Wall Street Clearing". NYU Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute (The New York Times). Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63Hnti54Z. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[Weiner_2011-11-15-93] Weiner, Juli (2011-11-15). "Journalists, Among Those a Vanity Fair Correspondent, Arrested While Covering Occupy Wall Street". Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HnxWeXm. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[94] Siegal, Ida; Colletti, Roseanne Councilman Rodriguez Gives Details of His Occupy Wall Street Arrest. WNBC. URL accessed on December 20, 2011.

[Johnston_2011-11-15-95] Johnston, Garth (2011-11-15). "Police Arrest OWS Reporter As He Pleads "I'm A Reporter!"". Gothamist. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HqESagQ. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[96] Arrested Journalists list: Karen Matthews|Karen Matthews, Seth Wenig, Associated Press; Matthew Lysiak, New York Daily News; Julie Walker, NPR; Jared Malsin, The New York Times; Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax, DNAinfo NEws; Doug Higginbotham, freelance video journalist working for TV New Zealand; An unidentified Vanity Fair correspondent; An unidentified Agance France Presse photographer; from Atlantic Wire

[97] Nov 15 arrests: Julie Walker of NPR, Jared Malsin of The Local East Village, Jennifer Weiss of Agence France-Presse, Justin Bishop of Vanity Fair, Matthew Lysiak of New York Daily News, Karen Matthews and Seth Wenig of the Associated Press, Patrick Hedlund and Paul Lomax of DNAinfo,and Doug Higginbotham of TV New Zealand.

[98] Exclusive Video: Inside Police Lines at the Occupy Wall Street Eviction. Mother Jones. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.

[99] David Badash. Defiant NYC Mayor Bloomberg To Occupy Protestors: â€˜No Right Is Absoluteâ€™. The New Civil Rights Movement. URL accessed on 2011-11-17.

[Stableford_2011-11-17-100] Stableford, Dylan (2011-11-17). "Press clash with police during Occupy Wall Street raid; seven journalists arrested". The Cutline (Yahoo News). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63HLuZt3W. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[Telegraph_2011-11-15-101] Willis, Amy; Chris Irvine (2011-11-15). "Occupy Wall Street eviction: as it happened". The Telegraph (London). Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxCrrjf. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "CBS News NY News Desk tells me their helicopter was forced down by NYPD -- they had to go down for fuel but weren't allowed back up. #ows" </li>

[Gitlin_2011-11-15-102] Gitlin, Sarah; Janine Balekdjian (2011-11-15). "Reoccupy Wall Street". The Columbia Daily Spectator. Archived from the original on 2011-11-17. http://www.webcitation.org/63FxWzwQd. Retrieved 2011-11-17. "A CBS helicopter that tried to cover the eviction aerially was forced to leave the airspace over the park by the NYPD, depriving the world of a view of what, exactly, the police were doing." </li>

[CPJ-103] Journalists obstructed from covering OWS protests. Committee to Protect Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-15. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.

[SPJ_2011-11-15-104] SPJ condemns arrests of journalists at Occupy protests. Society of Professional Journalists. Archived from source 2011-11-18. URL accessed on 2011-11-18.

[HP_AP_2011-11-17-105] "Human rights group concerned over journalistsâ€™ arrests at Occupy protests". Associated Press. Huffington Post. 2011-11-17. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HyxJz54. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[RSF_2011-11-16-106] "Journalists arrested and obstructed again during Occupy Wall Street camp eviction". Reporters Without Borders. 2011-11-16. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. http://www.webcitation.org/63HdyEWIx. Retrieved 2011-11-18. </li>

[OAS_2011-11-17-107] Template:cite press release

[108] 11/21/11. Media upset at NYPD for treatment of reporters at OWS â€” am New York. Amny.com. URL accessed on 2011-11-24.

[109] reporter:John Knefel, Nick Isebella, Justin Wedes, Paul Sullivan, Lorenzo Serna, Jeff Smith, Charles Meacham

[110] Busted for Tweeting

[111] RT News

[112] Washington Post - OCCUPY OAKLAND: After 2nd arrest, comics journalist Susie Cagle shares her on-the-ground experience

[113] Aronsen, Gavin (29 January 2012). "Journalistsâ€”Myself Includedâ€”Swept Up in Mass Arrest at Occupy Oakland". Mother Jones. http://motherjones.com/mojo/2012/01/journalists-arrested-occupy-oakland. Retrieved 31 January 2012. </li>

[114] Yael Chanoff - Occupy Oakland inmates at Santa Rita attacked- developing story

[115] Salon - Occupy Oakland protesters denied medication in jail (2/2/12)

[116] Ars Technica - Journalist recovers video of his arrest after police deleted it

[ZDnet-117] Osbourne, Charlie (19 December 2011). "Occupy Journalism: The cultural shift in citizen broadcasting". ZDNet. http://www.zdnet.com/blog/igeneration/occupy-journalism-the-cultural-shift-in-citizen-broadcasting/13803. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li>

[martin-118] Martin, Adam (3 January 2012). "Occupy Wall Street's Livestream Operators Arrested". The Atlantic Wire. http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2012/01/occupy-wall-streets-livestream-operators-arrested/46921/. Retrieved 29 March 2012. </li> </ol>

[119] ttp://www.ustrek.org/odyssey/semester1/010601/010601nickknee.html

[120] ttp://www.kolchak.org/History/Siberia/aef.htm

[121] ttp://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/18C105.txt

[122] Stephen Kinzer, Stephen Schlesinger. Bitter Fruit. 2005 Edition. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies

[123] ttp://www.ralphmag.org/dominican.html

[124] ttp://hrw.org/worldreport/Americas-05.htm

[125] ttp://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43/051.html

[126] ttp://recollectionbooks.com/siml/library/index.html#chile

[127] Century of the Wind, Eduardo Galleano, p245

[128] ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkyBfJfcIoM

[129] ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQvbdiWgwsA&feature=related

[130] ttp://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/05/19/lies/print.html

[131] ttp://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/05/19/lies/print.html

[132] Myanmar junta accuses Western powers of encouraging anti-junta protests+. Asian Political News. Kyodo News International. URL accessed on 2008-11-20.

[Post24-133] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 U.S. Aims To Lure Insurgents With 'Bait'

[Post25-134] 16.0 ^16.1 U.S. Snipers Accused of 'Baiting' Iraqis, Pauline Jelinek and Robert Burns, The Associated Press, Tuesday, September 25, 2007

[Stark-135] Stark writes to Defense Secretary Gates to express alarm at military "Baiting" of Iraqis

[NYTpvz-136] Snipers Baited and Killed Iraqis, Soldiers Testify, Paul von Zielbauer, New York Times, September 25, 2007

[Fox25-137] U.S. Army Snipers Accused of 'Baiting' Iraqi Insurgents Published September 25, 2007 "sworn statements and testimony in the cases of two other accused Ranger snipers indicate that the Army has a classified program that encourages snipers to "bait" potential targets and then kill whoever takes the bait", "The transcript of a court hearing for two of the three accused snipers makes several references to the existence of a classified "baiting" program"

[Time-138] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 ^20.4 ^20.5 Murder or Exhaustion in Iraq?, Time

[Inde25-139] 21.0 ^21.1 Weapons left by US troops 'used as bait to kill Iraqis', Kim Sengupta, Baghdad, Tuesday 25 September 2007

[ST-140] 22.00 ^22.01 ^22.02 ^22.03 ^22.04 ^22.05 ^22.06 ^22.07 ^22.08 ^22.09 ^22.10 ^22.11 Fed up with your country? Create your own!, Kristen Gelineau, Associated Press, May 2, 2010. Seattle Times

[NYT2-141] 23.0 ^23.1 ^23.2 ^23.3 ^23.4 ^23.5 ^23.6 ^23.7 Rewards for Rebellion: Tiny Nation and Crown for Life Hutt River Journal, New York Times, page 1 & 2. Norimitsu Onishi, February 1, 2011

[WT-142] 24.0 ^24.1 ^24.2 ^24.3 A nation to call their own; Talek Harris,AFP, in the Washington Times, July 25, 2010, pages 1-3. Also printed in Australia hosts independent micronations, China Post, pages 1&2

[143] Montevideo Convention Wikisource, can also be seen at Mt. Holyoak education database

[144] Our Sovereignty Republic of Molossia. Molossia'a statement on sovereignty, molossia.org

[145] Micronational diplomacy

[146] The Kingdom of Talossa

[147] We Could Have Invited Everyone; Art in Review. Roberta Smith, July 15, 2005 New York Times

[DT-148] "Mini-states Down Under are sure they can secede", by Nick Squires, The Daily Telegraph (UK), 2005 February 24

[SMH12-149] 31.0 ^31.1 "If at first you don't secede...", by Mark Dapin, The Sydney Morning Herald - Good Weekend, 2005 February 12, pp 47-50

[NYT25-150] 32.0 ^32.1 ^32.2 Utopian Rulers, and Spoofs, Stake Out Territory Online; Stephen Mimh, May 25, 2000. New York Times

[151] New York Times, 25th May 2000; "The NSK state denies in its fundamental acts the categories of fixed territory, the principle of national borders, and advocates the law of transnationality." Utopian Rulers...

[152] Fate of Soviet 'Little Nations' at risk as union disintegrates Miami Herald - November 21, 1991. "Most of the "micronations" are the remnants of Slavic and Turkic tribes that once roamed what is now the Soviet Union. Some are descendants of fiefdoms"

[153] Organisation of Active Micronations

[154] Member Nations Organisation of Active Micronations

[155] Member Nations League of Small Nations

[156] Micronational Professional Registry (MPR)

[157] LoSS: League of Secessionist States

[158] United Micronations Multi-Oceanic Archipelago (UMMOA): UMMOA/AMOMU

[159] Micronations Life Matters, Past Programs, Australian Broadcasting Corporation

[160] Greifenberg State Visit, 22 April 2008, XXXI Khamsin Molossia News

[161] Leaders of Greifenberg and Barony of Caux Meet, Tuesday, 27 May 2008, Greifenberg Press Agency (GPA)

[162] Vikesland State Visit, 30 June 2008, XXXI Khamsin Molossia News

[163] How to Start Your Own Country, YouTube

[164] 'Lonely Planet' Explores Micronations; Lonely Planet, November 1, 2006, National Public Radio

[165] (2008). Principality of Hutt River - Official website. URL accessed on 2011-3-29.

[166] Molossian 'war' with Mustachistan

[167] Molossian 'war' on East Germany

[DN16-2-168] 50.0 ^50.1 Key Bush Admin "Source" Admits to Lying about Iraqi WMD, Headlines for February 16, 2011, Democracy Now!

[TF-169] 51.0 ^51.1 Security1871Share13diggsdigg73inShareAmid Digital Blackout, Anonymous Mass-Faxes WikiLeaks Cables To Egypt 28 Jan '11, Andy Greenberg, The Firewall

[MMWHPE-170] 52.0 ^52.1 Michel Martelly Wins Haiti Presidential Election Democracy Now!, 5th April 2011

[171] Forum Haiti : Des IdÃ©es et des DÃ©bats sur l'Avenir d'Haiti (in English)

[172] Anatomy of an official lie; Chez-nous, Dick Bernard, March 3, 2006

[173] Elections held in 2000 Haiti Parliamentary Chamber: SÃ©nat

[174] Last elections Haiti. Chambre des DÃ©putÃ©s (Chamber of Deputies)

[MNT-175] "His Music Rules in Haiti: Sweet Micky's provocative music moves Haitians with an infectious beat and political overtones" Miami New Times, Elise Ackerman, May 29, 1997

[d16-176] 58.0 ^58.1 Michel Martelly, Stealth Duvalierist The Dominion, news from the grassroots, 16 Dec, '10

[P4-177] Michel Martelly, de la chanson Ã l'Ã©lection, Kahina Sakkai, Paris Match, Feb 04, 2011

[178] Trumped-Up Eco-Terrorism: An Arsonist's Tale JAMES HIBBERD, New York Times, 12 February, 2002

[179] A Homeland Security Model for Assessing US Domestic Threats Shawn Cupp and Michael G. Spight, PDF

[180] Coalition to Save the Preserves (CSP) Terrorist Organization Profile, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (WP)

[181] Earth First! Journal

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-<div align="center">'''This is Anarchopedia in English [eng.anarchopedia.org]'''</div>
+{|class="boilerplate" id="pd" style="width:50%; margin: 0 auto; border:2px solid black; padding:5px; background-color: white;" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="4"
-{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background-color:transparent;"
+|<center>
-| width="100%" valign="top"|
+<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to [[Anarchopedia]].</div>
-{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" style="background-color:transparent;"
+[[Anarchopedia]] has [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles.</center>
-! align="center" style="font: 125% 'Verdana', sans-serif;" | A Milton's Encyclopedia
-|-
-| style="font: 95% 'Verdana', sans-serif;" align="justify"|
-<div style="float: right;">
-Of Mans First Disobedience, and the Fruit
-Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast
-Brought Death into the World, and all our woe,
-With loss of EDEN, till one greater Man
-Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,
-Sing Heav'nly Muse, that on the secret top
-Of OREB, or of SINAI, didst inspire
-That Shepherd, who first taught the chosen Seed,
-In the Beginning how the Heav'ns and Earth
-Rose out of CHAOS: Or if SION Hill
-Delight thee more, and SILOA'S Brook that flow'd
-Fast by the Oracle of God; I thence
-Invoke thy aid to my adventrous Song,
-That with no middle flight intends to soar
-Above th' AONIAN Mount, while it pursues
-Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime.
-And chiefly Thou O Spirit, that dost prefer
-Before all Temples th' upright heart and pure,
-Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first
-Wast present, and with mighty wings outspread
-Dove-like satst brooding on the vast Abyss
-And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark
-Illumine, what is low raise and support;
-That to the highth of this great Argument
-I may assert th' Eternal Providence,
-And justifie the wayes of God to men.
-Say first, for Heav'n hides nothing from thy view
-Nor the deep Tract of Hell, say first what cause
-Mov'd our Grand Parents in that happy State,
-Favour'd of Heav'n so highly, to fall off
-From their Creator, and transgress his Will
-For one restraint, Lords of the World besides?
-Who first seduc'd them to that fowl revolt?
-Th' infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile
-Stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceiv'd
-The Mother of Mankinde, what time his Pride
-Had cast him out from Heav'n, with all his Host
-Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring
-To set himself in Glory above his Peers,
-He trusted to have equal'd the most High,
-If he oppos'd; and with ambitious aim
-Against the Throne and Monarchy of God
-Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud
-With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power
-Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie
-With hideous ruine and combustion down
-To bottomless perdition, there to dwell
-In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire,
-Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms.
-Nine times the Space that measures Day and Night
-To mortal men, he with his horrid crew
-Lay vanquisht, rowling in the fiery Gulfe
-Confounded though immortal: But his doom
-Reserv'd him to more wrath; for now the thought
-Both of lost happiness and lasting pain
-Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes
-That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
-Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
-At once as far as Angels kenn he views
-The dismal Situation waste and wilde,
-A Dungeon horrible, on all sides round
-As one great Furnace flam'd, yet from those flames
-No light, but rather darkness visible
-Serv'd only to discover sights of woe,
-Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace
-And rest can never dwell, hope never comes
-That comes to all; but torture without end
-Still urges, and a fiery Deluge, fed
-With ever-burning Sulphur unconsum'd:
-Such place Eternal Justice had prepar'd
-For those rebellious, here their Prison ordain'd
-In utter darkness, and their portion set
-As far remov'd from God and light of Heav'n
-As from the Center thrice to th' utmost Pole.
-O how unlike the place from whence they fell!
-There the companions of his fall, o'rewhelm'd
-With Floods and Whirlwinds of tempestuous fire,
-He soon discerns, and weltring by his side
-One next himself in power, and next in crime,
-Long after known in PALESTINE, and nam'd
-BEELZEBUB. To whom th' Arch-Enemy,
-And thence in Heav'n call'd Satan, with bold words
-Breaking the horrid silence thus began.
-If thou beest he; But O how fall'n! how chang'd
-From him, who in the happy Realms of Light
-Cloth'd with transcendent brightnes didst outshine
-Myriads though bright: If he whom mutual league,
-United thoughts and counsels, equal hope,
-And hazard in the Glorious Enterprize,
-Joynd with me once, now misery hath joynd
-In equal ruin: into what Pit thou seest
-From what highth fal'n, so much the stronger provd
-He with his Thunder: and till then who knew
-The force of those dire Arms? yet not for those
-Nor what the Potent Victor in his rage
-Can else inflict do I repent or change,
-Though chang'd in outward lustre; that fixt mind
-And high disdain, from sence of injur'd merit,
-That with the mightiest rais'd me to contend,
-And to the fierce contention brought along
-Innumerable force of Spirits arm'd
-That durst dislike his reign, and me preferring,
-His utmost power with adverse power oppos'd
-In dubious Battel on the Plains of Heav'n,
-And shook his throne. What though the field be lost?
-All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,
-And study of revenge, immortal hate,
-And courage never to submit or yield:
-And what is else not to be overcome?
-That Glory never shall his wrath or might
-Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace
-With suppliant knee, and deifie his power
-Who from the terrour of this Arm so late
-Doubted his Empire, that were low indeed,
-That were an ignominy and shame beneath
-This downfall; since by Fate the strength of Gods
-And this Empyreal substance cannot fail,
-Since through experience of this great event
-In Arms not worse, in foresight much advanc't,
-We may with more successful hope resolve
-To wage by force or guile eternal Warr
-Irreconcileable, to our grand Foe,
-Who now triumphs, and in th' excess of joy
-Sole reigning holds the Tyranny of Heav'n.
-So spake th' Apostate Angel, though in pain,
-Vaunting aloud, but rackt with deep despare:
-And him thus answer'd soon his bold Compeer.
-O Prince, O Chief of many Throned Powers,
-That led th' imbattelld Seraphim to Warr
-Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds
-Fearless, endanger'd Heav'ns perpetual King;
-And put to proof his high Supremacy,
-Whether upheld by strength, or Chance, or Fate,
-Too well I see and rue the dire event,
-That with sad overthrow and foul defeat
-Hath lost us Heav'n, and all this mighty Host
-In horrible destruction laid thus low,
-As far as Gods and Heav'nly Essences
-Can Perish: for the mind and spirit remains
-Invincible, and vigour soon returns,
-Though all our Glory extinct, and happy state
-Here swallow'd up in endless misery.
-But what if he our Conquerour, (whom I now
-Of force believe Almighty, since no less
-Then such could hav orepow'rd such force as ours)
-Have left us this our spirit and strength intire
-Strongly to suffer and support our pains,
-That we may so suffice his vengeful ire,
-Or do him mightier service as his thralls
-By right of Warr, what e're his business be
-Here in the heart of Hell to work in Fire,
-Or do his Errands in the gloomy Deep;
-What can it then avail though yet we feel
-Strength undiminisht, or eternal being
-To undergo eternal punishment?
-Whereto with speedy words th' Arch-fiend reply'd.
-Fall'n Cherube, to be weak is miserable
-Doing or Suffering: but of this be sure,
-To do ought good never will be our task,
-But ever to do ill our sole delight,
-As being the contrary to his high will
-Whom we resist. If then his Providence
-Out of our evil seek to bring forth good,
-Our labour must be to pervert that end,
-And out of good still to find means of evil;
-Which oft times may succeed, so as perhaps
-Shall grieve him, if I fail not, and disturb
-His inmost counsels from their destind aim.
-But see the angry Victor hath recall'd
-His Ministers of vengeance and pursuit
-Back to the Gates of Heav'n: The Sulphurous Hail
-Shot after us in storm, oreblown hath laid
-The fiery Surge, that from the Precipice
-Of Heav'n receiv'd us falling, and the Thunder,
-Wing'd with red Lightning and impetuous rage,
-Perhaps hath spent his shafts, and ceases now
-To bellow through the vast and boundless Deep.
-Let us not slip th' occasion, whether scorn,
-Or satiate fury yield it from our Foe.
-Seest thou yon dreary Plain, forlorn and wilde,
-The seat of desolation, voyd of light,
-Save what the glimmering of these livid flames
-Casts pale and dreadful? Thither let us tend
-From off the tossing of these fiery waves,
-There rest, if any rest can harbour there,
-And reassembling our afflicted Powers,
-Consult how we may henceforth most offend
-Our Enemy, our own loss how repair,
-How overcome this dire Calamity,
-What reinforcement we may gain from Hope,
-If not what resolution from despare.
-Thus Satan talking to his neerest Mate
-With Head up-lift above the wave, and Eyes
-That sparkling blaz'd, his other Parts besides
-Prone on the Flood, extended long and large
-Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge
-As whom the Fables name of monstrous size,
-TITANIAN, or EARTH-BORN, that warr'd on JOVE,
-BRIARIOS or TYPHON, whom the Den
-By ancient TARSUS held, or that Sea-beast
-LEVIATHAN, which God of all his works
-Created hugest that swim th' Ocean stream:
-Him haply slumbring on the NORWAY foam
-The Pilot of some small night-founder'd Skiff,
-Deeming some Island, oft, as Sea-men tell,
-With fixed Anchor in his skaly rind
-Moors by his side under the Lee, while Night
-Invests the Sea, and wished Morn delayes:
-So stretcht out huge in length the Arch-fiend lay
-Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence
-Had ris'n or heav'd his head, but that the will
-And high permission of all-ruling Heaven
-Left him at large to his own dark designs,
-That with reiterated crimes he might
-Heap on himself damnation, while he sought
-Evil to others, and enrag'd might see
-How all his malice serv'd but to bring forth
-Infinite goodness, grace and mercy shewn
-On Man by him seduc't, but on himself
-Treble confusion, wrath and vengeance pour'd.
-Forthwith upright he rears from off the Pool
-His mighty Stature; on each hand the flames
-Drivn backward slope their pointing spires, & rowld
-In billows, leave i'th' midst a horrid Vale.
-Then with expanded wings he stears his flight
-Aloft, incumbent on the dusky Air
-That felt unusual weight, till on dry Land
-He lights, if it were Land that ever burn'd
-With solid, as the Lake with liquid fire;
-And such appear'd in hue, as when the force
-Of subterranean wind transports a Hill
-Torn from PELORUS, or the shatter'd side
-Of thundring AETNA, whose combustible
-And fewel'd entrals thence conceiving Fire,
-Sublim'd with Mineral fury, aid the Winds,
-And leave a singed bottom all involv'd
-With stench and smoak: Such resting found the sole
-Of unblest feet. Him followed his next Mate,
-Both glorying to have scap't the STYGIAN flood
-As Gods, and by their own recover'd strength,
-Not by the sufferance of supernal Power.
-Is this the Region, this the Soil, the Clime,
-Said then the lost Arch Angel, this the seat
-That we must change for Heav'n, this mournful gloom
-For that celestial light? Be it so, since hee
-Who now is Sovran can dispose and bid
-What shall be right: fardest from him is best
-Whom reason hath equald, force hath made supream
-Above his equals. Farewel happy Fields
-Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail
-Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell
-Receive thy new Possessor: One who brings
-A mind not to be chang'd by Place or Time.
-The mind is its own place, and in it self
-Can make a Heav'n of Hell, a Hell of Heav'n.
-What matter where, if I be still the same,
-And what I should be, all but less then hee
-Whom Thunder hath made greater? Here at least
-We shall be free; th' Almighty hath not built
-Here for his envy, will not drive us hence:
-Here we may reign secure, and in my choyce
-To reign is worth ambition though in Hell:
-Better to reign in Hell, then serve in Heav'n.
-But wherefore let we then our faithful friends,
-Th' associates and copartners of our loss
-Lye thus astonisht on th' oblivious Pool,
-And call them not to share with us their part
-In this unhappy Mansion, or once more
-With rallied Arms to try what may be yet
-Regaind in Heav'n, or what more lost in Hell?
-So SATAN spake, and him BEELZEBUB
-Thus answer'd. Leader of those Armies bright,
-Which but th' Omnipotent none could have foyld,
-If once they hear that voyce, their liveliest pledge
-Of hope in fears and dangers, heard so oft
-In worst extreams, and on the perilous edge
-Of battel when it rag'd, in all assaults
-Their surest signal, they will soon resume
-New courage and revive, though now they lye
-Groveling and prostrate on yon Lake of Fire,
-As we erewhile, astounded and amaz'd,
-No wonder, fall'n such a pernicious highth.
-He scarce had ceas't when the superiour Fiend
-Was moving toward the shore; his ponderous shield
-Ethereal temper, massy, large and round,
-Behind him cast; the broad circumference
-Hung on his shoulders like the Moon, whose Orb
-Through Optic Glass the TUSCAN Artist views
-At Ev'ning from the top of FESOLE,
-Or in VALDARNO, to descry new Lands,
-Rivers or Mountains in her spotty Globe.
-His Spear, to equal which the tallest Pine
-Hewn on NORWEGIAN hills, to be the Mast
-Of some great Ammiral, were but a wand,
-He walkt with to support uneasie steps
-Over the burning Marle, not like those steps
-On Heavens Azure, and the torrid Clime
-Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with Fire;
-Nathless he so endur'd, till on the Beach
-Of that inflamed Sea, he stood and call'd
-His Legions, Angel Forms, who lay intrans't
-Thick as Autumnal Leaves that strow the Brooks
-In VALLOMBROSA, where th' ETRURIAN shades
-High overarch't imbowr; or scatterd sedge
-Afloat, when with fierce Winds ORION arm'd
-Hath vext the Red-Sea Coast, whose waves orethrew
-BUSIRIS and his MEMPHIAN Chivalrie,
-VVhile with perfidious hatred they pursu'd
-The Sojourners of GOSHEN, who beheld
-From the safe shore their floating Carkases
-And broken Chariot Wheels, so thick bestrown
-Abject and lost lay these, covering the Flood,
-Under amazement of their hideous change.
-He call'd so loud, that all the hollow Deep
-Of Hell resounded. Princes, Potentates,
-Warriers, the Flowr of Heav'n, once yours, now lost,
-If such astonishment as this can sieze
-Eternal spirits; or have ye chos'n this place
-After the toyl of Battel to repose
-Your wearied vertue, for the ease you find
-To slumber here, as in the Vales of Heav'n?
-Or in this abject posture have ye sworn
-To adore the Conquerour? who now beholds
-Cherube and Seraph rowling in the Flood
-With scatter'd Arms and Ensigns, till anon
-His swift pursuers from Heav'n Gates discern
-Th' advantage, and descending tread us down
-Thus drooping, or with linked Thunderbolts
-Transfix us to the bottom of this Gulfe.
-Awake, arise, or be for ever fall'n.
-They heard, and were abasht, and up they sprung
-Upon the wing, as when men wont to watch
-On duty, sleeping found by whom they dread,
-Rouse and bestir themselves ere well awake.
-Nor did they not perceave the evil plight
-In which they were, or the fierce pains not feel;
-Yet to their Generals Voyce they soon obeyd
-Innumerable. As when the potent Rod
-Of AMRAMS Son in EGYPTS evill day
-Wav'd round the Coast, up call'd a pitchy cloud
-Of LOCUSTS, warping on the Eastern Wind,
-That ore the Realm of impious PHAROAH hung
-Like Night, and darken'd all the Land of NILE:
-So numberless were those bad Angels seen
-Hovering on wing under the Cope of Hell
-'Twixt upper, nether, and surrounding Fires;
-Till, as a signal giv'n, th' uplifted Spear
-Of their great Sultan waving to direct
-Thir course, in even ballance down they light
-On the firm brimstone, and fill all the Plain;
-A multitude, like which the populous North
-Pour'd never from her frozen loyns, to pass
-RHENE or the DANAW, when her barbarous Sons
-Came like a Deluge on the South, and spread
-Beneath GIBRALTAR to the LYBIAN sands.
-Forthwith from every Squadron and each Band
-The Heads and Leaders thither hast where stood
-Their great Commander; Godlike shapes and forms
-Excelling human, Princely Dignities,
-And Powers that earst in Heaven sat on Thrones;
-Though of their Names in heav'nly Records now
-Be no memorial, blotted out and ras'd
-By thir Rebellion, from the Books of Life.
-Nor had they yet among the Sons of EVE
-Got them new Names, till wandring ore the Earth,
-Through Gods high sufferance for the tryal of man,
-By falsities and lyes the greatest part
-Of Mankind they corrupted to forsake
-God their Creator, and th' invisible
-Glory of him, that made them, to transform
-Oft to the Image of a Brute, adorn'd
-With gay Religions full of Pomp and Gold,
-And Devils to adore for Deities:
-Then were they known to men by various Names,
-And various Idols through the Heathen World.
-Say, Muse, their Names then known, who first, who last,
-Rous'd from the slumber, on that fiery Couch,
-At thir great Emperors call, as next in worth
-Came singly where he stood on the bare strand,
-While the promiscuous croud stood yet aloof?
-The chief were those who from the Pit of Hell
-Roaming to seek their prey on earth, durst fix
-Their Seats long after next the Seat of God,
-Their Altars by his Altar, Gods ador'd
-Among the Nations round, and durst abide
-JEHOVAH thundring out of SION, thron'd
-Between the Cherubim; yea, often plac'd
-Within his Sanctuary it self their Shrines,
-Abominations; and with cursed things
-His holy Rites, and solemn Feasts profan'd,
-And with their darkness durst affront his light.
-First MOLOCH, horrid King besmear'd with blood
-Of human sacrifice, and parents tears,
-Though for the noyse of Drums and Timbrels loud
-Their childrens cries unheard, that past through fire
-To his grim Idol. Him the AMMONITE
-Worshipt in RABBA and her watry Plain,
-In ARGOB and in BASAN, to the stream
-Of utmost ARNON. Nor content with such
-Audacious neighbourhood, the wisest heart
-Of SOLOMON he led by fraud to build
-His Temple right against the Temple of God
-On that opprobrious Hill, and made his Grove
-The pleasant Vally of HINNOM, TOPHET thence
-And black GEHENNA call'd, the Type of Hell.
-Next CHEMOS, th' obscene dread of MOABS Sons,
-From AROER to NEBO, and the wild
-Of Southmost ABARIM; in HESEBON
-And HERONAIM, SEONS Realm, beyond
-The flowry Dale of SIBMA clad with Vines,
-And ELEALE to th' ASPHALTICK Pool.
-PEOR his other Name, when he entic'd
-ISRAEL in SITTIM on their march from NILE
-To do him wanton rites, which cost them woe.
-Yet thence his lustful Orgies he enlarg'd
-Even to that Hill of scandal, by the Grove
-Of MOLOCH homicide, lust hard by hate;
-Till good JOSIAH drove them thence to Hell.
-With these came they, who from the bordring flood
-Of old EUPHRATES to the Brook that parts
-EGYPT from SYRIAN ground, had general Names
-Of BAALIM and ASHTAROTH, those male,
-These Feminine. For Spirits when they please
-Can either Sex assume, or both; so soft
-And uncompounded is their Essence pure,
-Not ti'd or manacl'd with joynt or limb,
-Nor founded on the brittle strength of bones,
-Like cumbrous flesh; but in what shape they choose
-Dilated or condens't, bright or obscure,
-Can execute their aerie purposes,
-And works of love or enmity fulfill.
-For those the Race of ISRAEL oft forsook
-Their living strength, and unfrequented left
-His righteous Altar, bowing lowly down
-To bestial Gods; for which their heads as low
-Bow'd down in Battel, sunk before the Spear
-Of despicable foes. With these in troop
-Came ASTORETH, whom the PHOENICIANS call'd
-ASTARTE, Queen of Heav'n, with crescent Horns;
-To whose bright Image nightly by the Moon
-SIDONIAN Virgins paid their Vows and Songs,
-In SION also not unsung, where stood
-Her Temple on th' offensive Mountain, built
-By that uxorious King, whose heart though large,
-Beguil'd by fair Idolatresses, fell
-To Idols foul. THAMMUZ came next behind,
-Whose annual wound in LEBANON allur'd
-The SYRIAN Damsels to lament his fate
-In amorous dittyes all a Summers day,
-While smooth ADONIS from his native Rock
-Ran purple to the Sea, suppos'd with blood
-Of THAMMUZ yearly wounded: the Love-tale
-Infected SIONS daughters with like heat,
-Whose wanton passions in the sacred Porch
-EZEKIEL saw, when by the Vision led
-His eye survay'd the dark Idolatries
-Of alienated JUDAH. Next came one
-Who mourn'd in earnest, when the Captive Ark
-Maim'd his brute Image, head and hands lopt off
-In his own Temple, on the grunsel edge,
-Where he fell flat, and sham'd his Worshipers:
-DAGON his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man
-And downward Fish: yet had his Temple high
-Rear'd in AZOTUS, dreaded through the Coast
-Of PALESTINE, in GATH and ASCALON,
-And ACCARON and GAZA's frontier bounds.
-Him follow'd RIMMON, whose delightful Seat
-Was fair DAMASCUS, on the fertil Banks
-Of ABBANA and PHARPHAR, lucid streams.
-He also against the house of God was bold:
-A Leper once he lost and gain'd a King,
-AHAZ his sottish Conquerour, whom he drew
-Gods Altar to disparage and displace
-For one of SYRIAN mode, whereon to burn
-His odious offrings, and adore the Gods
-Whom he had vanquisht. After these appear'd
-A crew who under Names of old Renown,
-OSIRIS, ISIS, ORUS and their Train
-With monstrous shapes and sorceries abus'd
-Fanatic EGYPT and her Priests, to seek
-Thir wandring Gods disguis'd in brutish forms
-Rather then human. Nor did ISRAEL scape
-Th' infection when their borrow'd Gold compos'd
-The Calf in OREB: and the Rebel King
-Doubl'd that sin in BETHEL and in DAN,
-Lik'ning his Maker to the Grazed Ox,
-JEHOVAH, who in one Night when he pass'd
-From EGYPT marching, equal'd with one stroke
-Both her first born and all her bleating Gods.
-BELIAL came last, then whom a Spirit more lewd
-Fell not from Heaven, or more gross to love
-Vice for it self: To him no Temple stood
-Or Altar smoak'd; yet who more oft then hee
-In Temples and at Altars, when the Priest
-Turns Atheist, as did ELY'S Sons, who fill'd
-With lust and violence the house of God.
-In Courts and Palaces he also Reigns
-And in luxurious Cities, where the noyse
-Of riot ascends above thir loftiest Towrs,
-And injury and outrage: And when Night
-Darkens the Streets, then wander forth the Sons
-Of BELIAL, flown with insolence and wine.
-Witness the Streets of SODOM, and that night
-In GIBEAH, when hospitable Dores
-Yielded thir Matrons to prevent worse rape.
-These were the prime in order and in might;
-The rest were long to tell, though far renown'd,
-Th' IONIAN Gods, of JAVANS Issue held
-Gods, yet confest later then Heav'n and Earth
-Thir boasted Parents; TITAN Heav'ns first born
-With his enormous brood, and birthright seis'd
-By younger SATURN, he from mightier JOVE
-His own and RHEA'S Son like measure found;
-So JOVE usurping reign'd: these first in CREET
-And IDA known, thence on the Snowy top
-Of cold OLYMPUS rul'd the middle Air
-Thir highest Heav'n; or on the DELPHIAN Cliff,
-Or in DODONA, and through all the bounds
-Of DORIC Land; or who with SATURN old
-Fled over ADRIA to th' HESPERIAN Fields,
-And ore the CELTIC roam'd the utmost Isles.
-All these and more came flocking; but with looks
-Down cast and damp, yet such wherein appear'd
-Obscure som glimps of joy, to have found thir chief
-Not in despair, to have found themselves not lost
-In loss it self; which on his count'nance cast
-Like doubtful hue: but he his wonted pride
-Soon recollecting, with high words, that bore
-Semblance of worth not substance, gently rais'd
-Their fainted courage, and dispel'd their fears.
-Then strait commands that at the warlike sound
-Of Trumpets loud and Clarions be upreard
-His mighty Standard; that proud honour claim'd
-AZAZEL as his right, a Cherube tall:
-Who forthwith from the glittering Staff unfurld
-Th' Imperial Ensign, which full high advanc't
-Shon like a Meteor streaming to the Wind
-With Gemms and Golden lustre rich imblaz'd,
-Seraphic arms and Trophies: all the while
-Sonorous mettal blowing Martial sounds:
-At which the universal Host upsent
-A shout that tore Hells Concave, and beyond
-Frighted the Reign of CHAOS and old Night.
-All in a moment through the gloom were seen
-Ten thousand Banners rise into the Air
-With Orient Colours waving: with them rose
-A Forrest huge of Spears: and thronging Helms
-Appear'd, and serried Shields in thick array
-Of depth immeasurable: Anon they move
-In perfect PHALANX to the Dorian mood
-Of Flutes and soft Recorders; such as rais'd
-To highth of noblest temper Hero's old
-Arming to Battel, and in stead of rage
-Deliberate valour breath'd, firm and unmov'd
-With dread of death to flight or foul retreat,
-Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage
-With solemn touches, troubl'd thoughts, and chase
-Anguish and doubt and fear and sorrow and pain
-From mortal or immortal minds. Thus they
-Breathing united force with fixed thought
-Mov'd on in silence to soft Pipes that charm'd
-Thir painful steps o're the burnt soyle; and now
-Advanc't in view they stand, a horrid Front
-Of dreadful length and dazling Arms, in guise
-Of Warriers old with order'd Spear and Shield,
-Awaiting what command thir mighty Chief
-Had to impose: He through the armed Files
-Darts his experienc't eye, and soon traverse
-The whole Battalion views, thir order due,
-Thir visages and stature as of Gods,
-Thir number last he summs. And now his heart
-Distends with pride, and hardning in his strength
-Glories: For never since created man,
-Met such imbodied force, as nam'd with these
-Could merit more then that small infantry
-Warr'd on by Cranes: though all the Giant brood
-Of PHLEGRA with th' Heroic Race were joyn'd
-That fought at THEB'S and ILIUM, on each side
-Mixt with auxiliar Gods; and what resounds
-In Fable or ROMANCE of UTHERS Son
-Begirt with BRITISH and ARMORIC Knights;
-And all who since, Baptiz'd or Infidel
-Jousted in ASPRAMONT or MONTALBAN,
-DAMASCO, or MAROCCO, or TREBISOND,
-Or whom BISERTA sent from AFRIC shore
-When CHARLEMAIN with all his Peerage fell
-By FONTARABBIA. Thus far these beyond
-Compare of mortal prowess, yet observ'd
-Thir dread Commander: he above the rest
-In shape and gesture proudly eminent
-Stood like a Towr; his form had yet not lost
-All her Original brightness, nor appear'd
-Less then Arch Angel ruind, and th' excess
-Of Glory obscur'd: As when the Sun new ris'n
-Looks through the Horizontal misty Air
-Shorn of his Beams, or from behind the Moon
-In dim Eclips disastrous twilight sheds
-On half the Nations, and with fear of change
-Perplexes Monarchs. Dark'n'd so, yet shon
-Above them all th' Arch Angel: but his face
-Deep scars of Thunder had intrencht, and care
-Sat on his faded cheek, but under Browes
-Of dauntless courage, and considerate Pride
-Waiting revenge: cruel his eye, but cast
-Signs of remorse and passion to behold
-The fellows of his crime, the followers rather
-(Far other once beheld in bliss) condemn'd
-For ever now to have their lot in pain,
-Millions of Spirits for his fault amerc't
-Of Heav'n, and from Eternal Splendors flung
-For his revolt, yet faithfull how they stood,
-Thir Glory witherd. As when Heavens Fire
-Hath scath'd the Forrest Oaks, or Mountain Pines,
-With singed top their stately growth though bare
-Stands on the blasted Heath. He now prepar'd
-To speak; whereat their doubl'd Ranks they bend
-From Wing to Wing, and half enclose him round
-With all his Peers: attention held them mute.
-Thrice he assayd, and thrice in spite of scorn,
-Tears such as Angels weep, burst forth: at last
-Words interwove with sighs found out their way.
-O Myriads of immortal Spirits, O Powers
-Matchless, but with th' Almighty, and that strife
-Was not inglorious, though th' event was dire,
-As this place testifies, and this dire change
-Hateful to utter: but what power of mind
-Foreseeing or presaging, from the Depth
-Of knowledge past or present, could have fear'd,
-How such united force of Gods, how such
-As stood like these, could ever know repulse?
-For who can yet beleeve, though after loss,
-That all these puissant Legions, whose exile
-Hath emptied Heav'n, shall faile to re-ascend
-Self-rais'd, and repossess their native seat.
-For me, be witness all the Host of Heav'n,
-If counsels different, or danger shun'd
-By me, have lost our hopes. But he who reigns
-Monarch in Heav'n, till then as one secure
-Sat on his Throne, upheld by old repute,
-Consent or custome, and his Regal State
-Put forth at full, but still his strength conceal'd,
-Which tempted our attempt, and wrought our fall.
-Henceforth his might we know, and know our own
-So as not either to provoke, or dread
-New warr, provok't; our better part remains
-To work in close design, by fraud or guile
-What force effected not: that he no less
-At length from us may find, who overcomes
-By force, hath overcome but half his foe.
-Space may produce new Worlds; whereof so rife
-There went a fame in Heav'n that he ere long
-Intended to create, and therein plant
-A generation, whom his choice regard
-Should favour equal to the Sons of Heaven:
-Thither, if but to prie, shall be perhaps
-Our first eruption, thither or elsewhere:
-For this Infernal Pit shall never hold
-Caelestial Spirits in Bondage, nor th' Abysse
-Long under darkness cover. But these thoughts
-Full Counsel must mature: Peace is despaird,
-For who can think Submission? Warr then, Warr
-Open or understood must be resolv'd.
-He spake: and to confirm his words, out-flew
-Millions of flaming swords, drawn from the thighs
-Of mighty Cherubim; the sudden blaze
-Far round illumin'd hell: highly they rag'd
-Against the Highest, and fierce with grasped arm's
-Clash'd on their sounding shields the din of war,
-Hurling defiance toward the vault of Heav'n.
-There stood a Hill not far whose griesly top
-Belch'd fire and rowling smoak; the rest entire
-Shon with a glossie scurff, undoubted sign
-That in his womb was hid metallic Ore,
-The work of Sulphur. Thither wing'd with speed
-A numerous Brigad hasten'd. As when bands
-Of Pioners with Spade and Pickaxe arm'd
-Forerun the Royal Camp, to trench a Field,
-Or cast a Rampart. MAMMON led them on,
-MAMMON, the least erected Spirit that fell
-From heav'n, for ev'n in heav'n his looks & thoughts
-Were always downward bent, admiring more
-The riches of Heav'ns pavement, trod'n Gold,
-Then aught divine or holy else enjoy'd
-In vision beatific: by him first
-Men also, and by his suggestion taught,
-Ransack'd the Center, and with impious hands
-Rifl'd the bowels of thir mother Earth
-For Treasures better hid. Soon had his crew
-Op'nd into the Hill a spacious wound
-And dig'd out ribs of Gold. Let none admire
-That riches grow in Hell; that soyle may best
-Deserve the pretious bane. And here let those
-Who boast in mortal things, and wondring tell
-Of BABEL, and the works of MEMPHIAN Kings,
-Learn how thir greatest Monuments of Fame,
-And Strength and Art are easily outdone
-By Spirits reprobate, and in an hour
-What in an age they with incessant toyle
-And hands innumerable scarce perform
-Nigh on the Plain in many cells prepar'd,
-That underneath had veins of liquid fire
-Sluc'd from the Lake, a second multitude
-With wondrous Art founded the massie Ore,
-Severing each kinde, and scum'd the Bullion dross:
-A third as soon had form'd within the ground
-A various mould, and from the boyling cells
-By strange conveyance fill'd each hollow nook,
-As in an Organ from one blast of wind
-To many a row of Pipes the sound-board breaths.
-Anon out of the earth a Fabrick huge
-Rose like an Exhalation, with the sound
-Of Dulcet Symphonies and voices sweet,
-Built like a Temple, where PILASTERS round
-Were set, and Doric pillars overlaid
-With Golden Architrave; nor did there want
-Cornice or Freeze, with bossy Sculptures grav'n,
-The Roof was fretted Gold. Not BABILON,
-Nor great ALCAIRO such magnificence
-Equal'd in all thir glories, to inshrine
-BELUS or SERAPIS thir Gods, or seat
-Thir Kings, when AEGYPT with ASSYRIA strove
-In wealth and luxurie. Th' ascending pile
-Stood fixt her stately highth, and strait the dores
-Op'ning thir brazen foulds discover wide
-Within, her ample spaces, o're the smooth
-And level pavement: from the arched roof
-Pendant by suttle Magic many a row
-Of Starry Lamps and blazing Cressets fed
-With Naphtha and ASPHALTUS yeilded light
-As from a sky. The hasty multitude
-Admiring enter'd, and the work some praise
-And some the Architect: his hand was known
-In Heav'n by many a Towred structure high,
-Where Scepter'd Angels held thir residence,
-And sat as Princes, whom the supreme King
-Exalted to such power, and gave to rule,
-Each in his Herarchie, the Orders bright.
-Nor was his name unheard or unador'd
-In ancient Greece; and in AUSONIAN land
-Men call'd him MULCIBER; and how he fell
-From Heav'n, they fabl'd, thrown by angry JOVE
-Sheer o're the Chrystal Battlements: from Morn
-To Noon he fell, from Noon to dewy Eve,
-A Summers day; and with the setting Sun
-Dropt from the Zenith like a falling Star,
-On LEMNOS th' AEGAEAN Ile: thus they relate,
-Erring; for he with this rebellious rout
-Fell long before; nor aught avail'd him now
-To have built in Heav'n high Towrs; nor did he scape
-By all his Engins, but was headlong sent
-With his industrious crew to build in hell.
-Mean while the winged Haralds by command
-Of Sovran power, with awful Ceremony
-And Trumpets sound throughout the Host proclaim
-A solemn Councel forthwith to be held
-At PANDAEMONIUM, the high Capital
-Of Satan and his Peers: thir summons call'd
-From every and Band squared Regiment
-By place or choice the worthiest; they anon
-With hundreds and with thousands trooping came
-Attended: all access was throng'd, the Gates
-And Porches wide, but chief the spacious Hall
-(Though like a cover'd field, where Champions bold
-Wont ride in arm'd, and at the Soldans chair
-Defi'd the best of Panim chivalry
-To mortal combat or carreer with Lance)
-Thick swarm'd, both on the ground and in the air,
-Brusht with the hiss of russling wings. As Bees
-In spring time, when the Sun with Taurus rides,
-Poure forth thir populous youth about the Hive
-In clusters; they among fresh dews and flowers
-Flie to and fro, or on the smoothed Plank,
-The suburb of thir Straw-built Cittadel,
-New rub'd with Baume, expatiate and confer
-Thir State affairs. So thick the aerie crowd
-Swarm'd and were straitn'd; till the Signal giv'n,
-Behold a wonder! they but now who seemd
-In bigness to surpass Earths Giant Sons
-Now less then smallest Dwarfs, in narrow room
-Throng numberless, like that Pigmean Race
-Beyond the INDIAN Mount, or Faerie Elves,
-Whose midnight Revels, by a Forrest side
-Or Fountain fome belated Peasant sees,
-Or dreams he sees, while over head the Moon
-Sits Arbitress, and neerer to the Earth
-Wheels her pale course, they on thir mirth & dance
-Intent, with jocond Music charm his ear;
-At once with joy and fear his heart rebounds.
-Thus incorporeal Spirits to smallest forms
-Reduc'd thir shapes immense, and were at large,
-Though without number still amidst the Hall
-Of that infernal Court. But far within
-And in thir own dimensions like themselves
-The great Seraphic Lords and Cherubim
-In close recess and secret conclave sat
-A thousand Demy-Gods on golden seat's,
-Frequent and full. After short silence then
-And summons read, the great consult began.
-Chapter three, here it is...
-HAil holy light, ofspring of Heav'n first-born,
-Or of th' Eternal Coeternal beam
-May I express thee unblam'd? since God is light,
-And never but in unapproached light
-Dwelt from Eternitie, dwelt then in thee,
-Bright effluence of bright essence increate.
-Or hear'st thou rather pure Ethereal stream,
-Whose Fountain who shall tell? before the Sun,
-Before the Heavens thou wert, and at the voice
-Of God, as with a Mantle didst invest
-The rising world of waters dark and deep,
-Won from the void and formless infinite.
-Thee I re-visit now with bolder wing,
-Escap't the STYGIAN Pool, though long detain'd
-In that obscure sojourn, while in my flight
-Through utter and through middle darkness borne
-With other notes then to th' ORPHEAN Lyre
-I sung of CHAOS and ETERNAL NIGHT,
-Taught by the heav'nly Muse to venture down
-The dark descent, and up to reascend,
-Though hard and rare: thee I revisit safe,
-And feel thy sovran vital Lamp; but thou
-Revisit'st not these eyes, that rowle in vain
-To find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn;
-So thick a drop serene hath quencht thir Orbs,
-Or dim suffusion veild. Yet not the more
-Cease I to wander where the Muses haunt
-Cleer Spring, or shadie Grove, or Sunnie Hill,
-Smit with the love of sacred song; but chief
-Thee SION and the flowrie Brooks beneath
-That wash thy hallowd feet, and warbling flow,
-Nightly I visit: nor somtimes forget
-Those other two equal'd with me in Fate,
-So were I equal'd with them in renown,
-Blind THAMYRIS and blind MAEONIDES,
-And TIRESIAS and PHINEUS Prophets old.
-Then feed on thoughts, that voluntarie move
-Harmonious numbers; as the wakeful Bird
-Sings darkling, and in shadiest Covert hid
-Tunes her nocturnal Note. Thus with the Year
-Seasons return, but not to me returns
-Day, or the sweet approach of Ev'n or Morn,
-Or sight of vernal bloom, or Summers Rose,
-Or flocks, or herds, or human face divine;
-But cloud in stead, and ever-during dark
-Surrounds me, from the chearful waies of men
-Cut off, and for the book of knowledg fair
-Presented with a Universal blanc
-Of Natures works to mee expung'd and ras'd,
-And wisdome at one entrance quite shut out.
-So much the rather thou Celestial light
-Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers
-Irradiate, there plant eyes, all mist from thence
-Purge and disperse, that I may see and tell
-Of things invisible to mortal sight.
-Now had the Almighty Father from above,
-From the pure Empyrean where he sits
-High Thron'd above all highth, bent down his eye,
-His own works and their works at once to view:
-About him all the Sanctities of Heaven
-Stood thick as Starrs, and from his sight receiv'd
-Beatitude past utterance; on his right
-The radiant image of his Glory sat,
-His onely Son; On Earth he first beheld
-Our two first Parents, yet the onely two
-Of mankind, in the happie Garden plac't,
-Reaping immortal fruits of joy and love,
-Uninterrupted joy, unrivald love
-In blissful solitude; he then survey'd
-Hell and the Gulf between, and SATAN there
-Coasting the wall of Heav'n on this side Night
-In the dun Air sublime, and ready now
-To stoop with wearied wings, and willing feet
-On the bare outside of this World, that seem'd
-Firm land imbosom'd without Firmament,
-Uncertain which, in Ocean or in Air.
-Him God beholding from his prospect high,
-Wherein past, present, future he beholds,
-Thus to his onely Son foreseeing spake.
-Onely begotten Son, seest thou what rage
-Transports our adversarie, whom no bounds
-Prescrib'd, no barrs of Hell, nor all the chains
-Heapt on him there, nor yet the main Abyss
-Wide interrupt can hold; so bent he seems
-On desperat revenge, that shall redound
-Upon his own rebellious head. And now
-Through all restraint broke loose he wings his way
-Not farr off Heav'n, in the Precincts of light,
-Directly towards the new created World,
-And Man there plac't, with purpose to assay
-If him by force he can destroy, or worse,
-By som false guile pervert; and shall pervert;
-For man will heark'n to his glozing lyes,
-And easily transgress the sole Command,
-Sole pledge of his obedience: So will fall
-Hee and his faithless Progenie: whose fault?
-Whose but his own? ingrate, he had of mee
-All he could have; I made him just and right,
-Sufficient to have stood, though free to fall.
-Such I created all th' Ethereal Powers
-And Spirits, both them who stood & them who faild;
-Freely they stood who stood, and fell who fell.
-Not free, what proof could they have givn sincere
-Of true allegiance, constant Faith or Love,
-Where onely what they needs must do, appeard,
-Not what they would? what praise could they receive?
-What pleasure I from such obedience paid,
-When Will and Reason (Reason also is choice)
-Useless and vain, of freedom both despoild,
-Made passive both, had servd necessitie,
-Not mee. They therefore as to right belongd,
-So were created, nor can justly accuse
-Thir maker, or thir making, or thir Fate;
-As if Predestination over-rul'd
-Thir will, dispos'd by absolute Decree
-Or high foreknowledge; they themselves decreed
-Thir own revolt, not I: if I foreknew,
-Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault,
-Which had no less prov'd certain unforeknown.
-So without least impulse or shadow of Fate,
-Or aught by me immutablie foreseen,
-They trespass, Authors to themselves in all
-Both what they judge and what they choose; for so
-I formd them free, and free they must remain,
-Till they enthrall themselves: I else must change
-Thir nature, and revoke the high Decree
-Unchangeable, Eternal, which ordain'd
-Thir freedom, they themselves ordain'd thir fall.
-The first sort by thir own suggestion fell,
-Self-tempted, self-deprav'd: Man falls deceiv'd
-By the other first: Man therefore shall find grace,
-The other none: in Mercy and Justice both,
-Through Heav'n and Earth, so shall my glorie excel,
-But Mercy first and last shall brightest shine.
-Thus while God spake, ambrosial fragrance fill'd
-All Heav'n, and in the blessed Spirits elect
-Sense of new joy ineffable diffus'd:
-Beyond compare the Son of God was seen
-Most glorious, in him all his Father shon
-Substantially express'd, and in his face
-Divine compassion visibly appeerd,
-Love without end, and without measure Grace,
-Which uttering thus he to his Father spake.
-O Father, gracious was that word which clos'd
-Thy sovran sentence, that Man should find grace;
-For which both Heav'n and Earth shall high extoll
-Thy praises, with th' innumerable sound
-Of Hymns and sacred Songs, wherewith thy Throne
-Encompass'd shall resound thee ever blest.
-For should Man finally be lost, should Man
-Thy creature late so lov'd, thy youngest Son
-Fall circumvented thus by fraud, though joynd
-With his own folly? that be from thee farr,
-That farr be from thee, Father, who art Judge
-Of all things made, and judgest onely right.
-Or shall the Adversarie thus obtain
-His end, and frustrate thine, shall he fulfill
-His malice, and thy goodness bring to naught,
-Or proud return though to his heavier doom,
-Yet with revenge accomplish't and to Hell
-Draw after him the whole Race of mankind,
-By him corrupted? or wilt thou thy self
-Abolish thy Creation, and unmake,
-For him, what for thy glorie thou hast made?
-So should thy goodness and thy greatness both
-Be questiond and blaspheam'd without defence.
-To whom the great Creatour thus reply'd.
-O Son, in whom my Soul hath chief delight,
-Son of my bosom, Son who art alone
-My word, my wisdom, and effectual might,
-All hast thou spok'n as my thoughts are, all
-As my Eternal purpose hath decreed:
-Man shall not quite be lost, but sav'd who will,
-Yet not of will in him, but grace in me
-Freely voutsaft; once more I will renew
-His lapsed powers, though forfeit and enthrall'd
-By sin to foul exorbitant desires;
-Upheld by me, yet once more he shall stand
-On even ground against his mortal foe,
-By me upheld, that he may know how frail
-His fall'n condition is, and to me ow
-All his deliv'rance, and to none but me.
-Some I have chosen of peculiar grace
-Elect above the rest; so is my will:
-The rest shall hear me call, and oft be warnd
-Thir sinful state, and to appease betimes
-Th' incensed Deitie, while offerd grace
-Invites; for I will cleer thir senses dark,
-What may suffice, and soft'n stonie hearts
-To pray, repent, and bring obedience due.
-To prayer, repentance, and obedience due,
-Though but endevord with sincere intent,
-Mine eare shall not be slow, mine eye not shut.
-And I will place within them as a guide
-My Umpire CONSCIENCE, whom if they will hear,
-Light after light well us'd they shall attain,
-And to the end persisting, safe arrive.
-This my long sufferance and my day of grace
-They who neglect and scorn, shall never taste;
-But hard be hard'nd, blind be blinded more,
-That they may stumble on, and deeper fall;
-And none but such from mercy I exclude.
-But yet all is not don; Man disobeying,
-Disloyal breaks his fealtie, and sinns
-Against the high Supremacie of Heav'n,
-Affecting God-head, and so loosing all,
-To expiate his Treason hath naught left,
-But to destruction sacred and devote,
-He with his whole posteritie must die,
-Die hee or Justice must; unless for him
-Som other able, and as willing, pay
-The rigid satisfaction, death for death.
-Say Heav'nly Powers, where shall we find such love,
-Which of ye will be mortal to redeem
-Mans mortal crime, and just th' unjust to save,
-Dwels in all Heaven charitie so deare?
-He ask'd, but all the Heav'nly Quire stood mute,
-And silence was in Heav'n: on mans behalf
-Patron or Intercessor none appeerd,
-Much less that durst upon his own head draw
-The deadly forfeiture, and ransom set.
-And now without redemption all mankind
-Must have bin lost, adjudg'd to Death and Hell
-By doom severe, had not the Son of God,
-In whom the fulness dwels of love divine,
-His dearest mediation thus renewd.
-Father, thy word is past, man shall find grace;
-And shall grace not find means, that finds her way,
-The speediest of thy winged messengers,
-To visit all thy creatures, and to all
-Comes unprevented, unimplor'd, unsought,
-Happie for man, so coming; he her aide
-Can never seek, once dead in sins and lost;
-Attonement for himself or offering meet,
-Indebted and undon, hath none to bring:
-Behold mee then, mee for him, life for life
-I offer, on mee let thine anger fall;
-Account mee man; I for his sake will leave
-Thy bosom, and this glorie next to thee
-Freely put off, and for him lastly die
-Well pleas'd, on me let Death wreck all his rage;
-Under his gloomie power I shall not long
-Lie vanquisht; thou hast givn me to possess
-Life in my self for ever, by thee I live,
-Though now to Death I yeild, and am his due
-All that of me can die, yet that debt paid,
-Thou wilt not leave me in the loathsom grave
-His prey, nor suffer my unspotted Soule
-For ever with corruption there to dwell;
-But I shall rise Victorious, and subdue
-My Vanquisher, spoild of his vanted spoile;
-Death his deaths wound shall then receive, & stoop
-Inglorious, of his mortall sting disarm'd.
-I through the ample Air in Triumph high
-Shall lead Hell Captive maugre Hell, and show
-The powers of darkness bound. Thou at the sight
-Pleas'd, out of Heaven shalt look down and smile,
-While by thee rais'd I ruin all my Foes,
-Death last, and with his Carcass glut the Grave:
-Then with the multitude of my redeemd
-Shall enter Heaven long absent, and returne,
-Father, to see thy face, wherein no cloud
-Of anger shall remain, but peace assur'd,
-And reconcilement; wrauth shall be no more
-Thenceforth, but in thy presence Joy entire.
-His words here ended, but his meek aspect
-Silent yet spake, and breath'd immortal love
-To mortal men, above which only shon
-Filial obedience: as a sacrifice
-Glad to be offer'd, he attends the will
-Of his great Father. Admiration seis'd
-All Heav'n, what this might mean, & whither tend
-Wondring; but soon th' Almighty thus reply'd:
-O thou in Heav'n and Earth the only peace
-Found out for mankind under wrauth, O thou
-My sole complacence! well thou know'st how dear,
-To me are all my works, nor Man the least
-Though last created, that for him I spare
-Thee from my bosom and right hand, to save,
-By loosing thee a while, the whole Race lost.
-Thou therefore whom thou only canst redeeme,
-Thir Nature also to thy Nature joyne;
-And be thy self Man among men on Earth,
-Made flesh, when time shall be, of Virgin seed,
-By wondrous birth: Be thou in ADAMS room
-The Head of all mankind, though ADAMS Son.
-As in him perish all men, so in thee
-As from a second root shall be restor'd,
-As many as are restor'd, without thee none.
-His crime makes guiltie all his Sons, thy merit
-Imputed shall absolve them who renounce
-Thir own both righteous and unrighteous deeds,
-And live in thee transplanted, and from thee
-Receive new life. So Man, as is most just,
-Shall satisfie for Man, be judg'd and die,
-And dying rise, and rising with him raise
-His Brethren, ransomd with his own dear life.
-So Heav'nly love shal outdoo Hellish hate,
-Giving to death, and dying to redeeme,
-So dearly to redeem what Hellish hate
-So easily destroy'd, and still destroyes
-In those who, when they may, accept not grace.
-Nor shalt thou by descending to assume
-Mans Nature, less'n or degrade thine owne.
-Because thou hast, though Thron'd in highest bliss
-Equal to God, and equally enjoying
-God-like fruition, quitted all to save
-A World from utter loss, and hast been found
-By Merit more then Birthright Son of God,
-Found worthiest to be so by being Good,
-Farr more then Great or High; because in thee
-Love hath abounded more then Glory abounds,
-Therefore thy Humiliation shall exalt
-With thee thy Manhood also to this Throne;
-Here shalt thou sit incarnate, here shalt Reigne
-Both God and Man, Son both of God and Man,
-Anointed universal King; all Power
-I give thee, reign for ever, and assume
-Thy Merits; under thee as Head Supream
-Thrones, Princedoms, Powers, Dominions I reduce:
-All knees to thee shall bow, of them that bide
-In Heaven, or Earth, or under Earth in Hell;
-When thou attended gloriously from Heav'n
-Shalt in the Skie appeer, and from thee send
-The summoning Arch-Angels to proclaime
-Thy dread Tribunal: forthwith from all Windes
-The living, and forthwith the cited dead
-Of all past Ages to the general Doom
-Shall hast'n, such a peal shall rouse thir sleep.
-Then all thy Saints assembl'd, thou shalt judge
-Bad men and Angels, they arraignd shall sink
-Beneath thy Sentence; Hell, her numbers full,
-Thenceforth shall be for ever shut. Mean while
-The World shall burn, and from her ashes spring
-New Heav'n and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell
-And after all thir tribulations long
-See golden days, fruitful of golden deeds,
-With Joy and Love triumphing, and fair Truth.
-Then thou thy regal Scepter shalt lay by,
-For regal Scepter then no more shall need,
-God shall be All in All. But all ye Gods,
-Adore him, who to compass all this dies,
-Adore the Son, and honour him as mee.
-No sooner had th' Almighty ceas't, but all
-The multitude of Angels with a shout
-Loud as from numbers without number, sweet
-As from blest voices, uttering joy, Heav'n rung
-With Jubilee, and loud Hosanna's fill'd
-Th' eternal Regions: lowly reverent
-Towards either Throne they bow, & to the ground
-With solemn adoration down they cast
-Thir Crowns inwove with Amarant and Gold,
-Immortal Amarant, a Flour which once
-In Paradise, fast by the Tree of Life
-Began to bloom, but soon for mans offence
-To Heav'n remov'd where first it grew, there grows,
-And flours aloft shading the Fount of Life,
-And where the river of Bliss through midst of Heavn
-Rowls o're ELISIAN Flours her Amber stream;
-With these that never fade the Spirits Elect
-Bind thir resplendent locks inwreath'd with beams,
-Now in loose Garlands thick thrown off, the bright
-Pavement that like a Sea of Jasper shon
-Impurpl'd with Celestial Roses smil'd.
-Then Crown'd again thir gold'n Harps they took,
-Harps ever tun'd, that glittering by their side
-Like Quivers hung, and with Praeamble sweet
-Of charming symphonie they introduce
-Thir sacred Song, and waken raptures high;
-No voice exempt, no voice but well could joine
-Melodious part, such concord is in Heav'n.
-Thee Father first they sung Omnipotent,
-Immutable, Immortal, Infinite,
-Eternal King; thee Author of all being,
-Fountain of Light, thy self invisible
-Amidst the glorious brightness where thou sit'st
-Thron'd inaccessible, but when thou shad'st
-The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud
-Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine,
-Dark with excessive bright thy skirts appeer,
-Yet dazle Heav'n, that brightest Seraphim
-Approach not, but with both wings veil thir eyes.
-Thee next they sang of all Creation first,
-Begotten Son, Divine Similitude,
-In whose conspicuous count'nance, without cloud
-Made visible, th' Almighty Father shines,
-Whom else no Creature can behold; on thee
-Impresst the effulgence of his Glorie abides,
-Transfus'd on thee his ample Spirit rests.
-Hee Heav'n of Heavens and all the Powers therein
-By thee created, and by thee threw down
-Th' aspiring Dominations: thou that day
-Thy Fathers dreadful Thunder didst not spare,
-Nor stop thy flaming Chariot wheels, that shook
-Heav'ns everlasting Frame, while o're the necks
-Thou drov'st of warring Angels disarraid.
-Back from pursuit thy Powers with loud acclaime
-Thee only extold, Son of thy Fathers might,
-To execute fierce vengeance on his foes,
-Not so on Man; him through their malice fall'n,
-Father of Mercie and Grace, thou didst not doome
-So strictly, but much more to pitie encline:
-No sooner did thy dear and onely Son
-Perceive thee purpos'd not to doom frail Man
-So strictly, but much more to pitie enclin'd,
-He to appease thy wrauth, and end the strife
-Of Mercy and Justice in thy face discern'd,
-Regardless of the Bliss wherein hee sat
-Second to thee, offerd himself to die
-For mans offence. O unexampl'd love,
-Love no where to be found less then Divine!
-Hail Son of God, Saviour of Men, thy Name
-Shall be the copious matter of my Song
-Henceforth, and never shall my Harp thy praise
-Forget, nor from thy Fathers praise disjoine.
-Thus they in Heav'n, above the starry Sphear,
-Thir happie hours in joy and hymning spent.
-Mean while upon the firm opacous Globe
-Of this round World, whose first convex divides
-The luminous inferior Orbs, enclos'd
-From CHAOS and th' inroad of Darkness old,
-SATAN alighted walks: a Globe farr off
-It seem'd, now seems a boundless Continent
-Dark, waste, and wild, under the frown of Night
-Starless expos'd, and ever-threatning storms
-Of CHAOS blustring round, inclement skie;
-Save on that side which from the wall of Heav'n
-Though distant farr som small reflection gaines
-Of glimmering air less vext with tempest loud:
-Here walk'd the Fiend at large in spacious field.
-As when a Vultur on IMAUS bred,
-Whose snowie ridge the roving TARTAR bounds,
-Dislodging from a Region scarce of prey
-To gorge the flesh of Lambs or yeanling Kids
-On Hills where Flocks are fed, flies toward the Springs
-Of GANGES or HYDASPES, INDIAN streams;
-But in his way lights on the barren plaines
-Of SERICANA, where CHINESES drive
-With Sails and Wind thir canie Waggons light:
-So on this windie Sea of Land, the Fiend
-Walk'd up and down alone bent on his prey,
-Alone, for other Creature in this place
-Living or liveless to be found was none,
-None yet, but store hereafter from the earth
-Up hither like Aereal vapours flew
-Of all things transitorie and vain, when Sin
-With vanity had filld the works of men:
-Both all things vain, and all who in vain things
-Built thir fond hopes of Glorie or lasting fame,
-Or happiness in this or th' other life;
-All who have thir reward on Earth, the fruits
-Of painful Superstition and blind Zeal,
-Naught seeking but the praise of men, here find
-Fit retribution, emptie as thir deeds;
-All th' unaccomplisht works of Natures hand,
-Abortive, monstrous, or unkindly mixt,
-Dissolvd on earth, fleet hither, and in vain,
-Till final dissolution, wander here,
-Not in the neighbouring Moon, as some have dreamd;
-Those argent Fields more likely habitants,
-Translated Saints, or middle Spirits hold
-Betwixt th' Angelical and Human kinde:
-Hither of ill-joynd Sons and Daughters born
-First from the ancient World those Giants came
-With many a vain exploit, though then renownd:
-The builders next of BABEL on the Plain
-Of SENNAAR, and still with vain designe
-New BABELS, had they wherewithall, would build:
-Others came single; hee who to be deemd
-A God, leap'd fondly into AETNA flames,
-EMPEDOCLES, and hee who to enjoy
-PLATO'S ELYSIUM, leap'd into the Sea,
-CLEOMBROTUS, and many more too long,
-Embryo's and Idiots, Eremits and Friers
-White, Black and Grey, with all thir trumperie.
-Here Pilgrims roam, that stray'd so farr to seek
-In GOLGOTHA him dead, who lives in Heav'n;
-And they who to be sure of Paradise
-Dying put on the weeds of DOMINIC,
-Or in FRANCISCAN think to pass disguis'd;
-They pass the Planets seven, and pass the fixt,
-And that Crystalline Sphear whose ballance weighs
-The Trepidation talkt, and that first mov'd;
-And now Saint PETER at Heav'ns Wicket seems
-To wait them with his Keys, and now at foot
-Of Heav'ns ascent they lift thir Feet, when loe
-A violent cross wind from either Coast
-Blows them transverse ten thousand Leagues awry
-Into the devious Air; then might ye see
-Cowles, Hoods and Habits with thir wearers tost
-And flutterd into Raggs, then Reliques, Beads,
-Indulgences, Dispenses, Pardons, Bulls,
-The sport of Winds: all these upwhirld aloft
-Fly o're the backside of the World farr off
-Into a LIMBO large and broad, since calld
-The Paradise of Fools, to few unknown
-Long after, now unpeopl'd, and untrod;
-All this dark Globe the Fiend found as he pass'd,
-And long he wanderd, till at last a gleame
-Of dawning light turnd thither-ward in haste
-His travell'd steps; farr distant hee descries
-Ascending by degrees magnificent
-Up to the wall of Heaven a Structure high,
-At top whereof, but farr more rich appeerd
-The work as of a Kingly Palace Gate
-With Frontispice of Diamond and Gold
-Imbellisht, thick with sparkling orient Gemmes
-The Portal shon, inimitable on Earth
-By Model, or by shading Pencil drawn.
-The Stairs were such as whereon JACOB saw
-Angels ascending and descending, bands
-Of Guardians bright, when he from ESAU fled
-To PADAN-ARAM in the field of LUZ,
-Dreaming by night under the open Skie,
-And waking cri'd, This is the Gate of Heav'n.
-Each Stair mysteriously was meant, nor stood
-There alwaies, but drawn up to Heav'n somtimes
-Viewless, and underneath a bright Sea flow'd
-Of Jasper, or of liquid Pearle, whereon
-Who after came from Earth, sayling arriv'd,
-Wafted by Angels, or flew o're the Lake
-Rapt in a Chariot drawn by fiery Steeds.
-The Stairs were then let down, whether to dare
-The Fiend by easie ascent, or aggravate
-His sad exclusion from the dores of Bliss.
-Direct against which op'nd from beneath,
-Just o're the blissful seat of Paradise,
-A passage down to th' Earth, a passage wide,
-Wider by farr then that of after-times
-Over Mount SION, and, though that were large,
-Over the PROMIS'D LAND to God so dear,
-By which, to visit oft those happy Tribes,
-On high behests his Angels to and fro
-Pass'd frequent, and his eye with choice regard
-From PANEAS the fount of JORDANS flood
-To BEERSABA, where the HOLY LAND
-Borders on AEGYPT and the ARABIAN shoare;
-So wide the op'ning seemd, where bounds were set
-To darkness, such as bound the Ocean wave.
-SATAN from hence now on the lower stair
-That scal'd by steps of Gold to Heav'n Gate
-Looks down with wonder at the sudden view
-Of all this World at once. As when a Scout
-Through dark and desart wayes with peril gone
-All night; at last by break of chearful dawne
-Obtains the brow of some high-climbing Hill,
-Which to his eye discovers unaware
-The goodly prospect of some forein land
-First-seen, or some renownd Metropolis
-With glistering Spires and Pinnacles adornd,
-Which now the Rising Sun guilds with his beams.
-Such wonder seis'd, though after Heaven seen,
-The Spirit maligne, but much more envy seis'd
-At sight of all this World beheld so faire.
-Round he surveys, and well might, where he stood
-So high above the circling Canopie
-Of Nights extended shade; from Eastern Point
-Of LIBRA to the fleecie Starr that bears
-ANDROMEDA farr off ATLANTICK Seas
-Beyond th' HORIZON; then from Pole to Pole
-He views in bredth, and without longer pause
-Down right into the Worlds first Region throws
-His flight precipitant, and windes with ease
-Through the pure marble Air his oblique way
-Amongst innumerable Starrs, that shon
-Stars distant, but nigh hand seemd other Worlds,
-Or other Worlds they seemd, or happy Iles,
-Like those HESPERIAN Gardens fam'd of old,
-Fortunate Fields, and Groves and flourie Vales,
-Thrice happy Iles, but who dwelt happy there
-He stayd not to enquire: above them all
-The golden Sun in splendor likest Heaven
-Allur'd his eye: Thither his course he bends
-Through the calm Firmament; but up or downe
-By center, or eccentric, hard to tell,
-Or Longitude, where the great Luminarie
-Alooff the vulgar Constellations thick,
-That from his Lordly eye keep distance due,
-Dispenses Light from farr; they as they move
-Thir Sarry dance in numbers that compute
-Days, months, and years, towards his all-chearing Lamp
-Turn swift their various motions, or are turnd
-By his Magnetic beam, that gently warms
-The Univers, and to each inward part
-With gentle penetration, though unseen,
-Shoots invisible vertue even to the deep:
-So wondrously was set his Station bright.
-There lands the Fiend, a spot like which perhaps
-Astronomer in the Sun's lucent Orbe
-Through his glaz'd Optic Tube yet never saw.
-The place he found beyond expression bright,
-Compar'd with aught on Earth, Medal or Stone;
-Not all parts like, but all alike informd
-Which radiant light, as glowing Iron with fire;
-If mettal, part seemd Gold, part Silver cleer;
-If stone, Carbuncle most or Chrysolite,
-Rubie or Topaz, to the Twelve that shon
-In AARONS Brest-plate, and a stone besides
-Imagind rather oft then elsewhere seen,
-That stone, or like to that which here below
-Philosophers in vain so long have sought,
-In vain, though by thir powerful Art they binde
-Volatil HERMES, and call up unbound
-In various shapes old PROTEUS from the Sea,
-Draind through a Limbec to his Native forme.
-What wonder then if fields and regions here
-Breathe forth ELIXIR pure, and Rivers run
-Potable Gold, when with one vertuous touch
-Th' Arch-chimic Sun so farr from us remote
-Produces with Terrestrial Humor mixt
-Here in the dark so many precious things
-Of colour glorious and effect so rare?
-Here matter new to gaze the Devil met
-Undazl'd, farr and wide his eye commands,
-For sight no obstacle found here, nor shade,
-But all Sun-shine, as when his Beams at Noon
-Culminate from th' AEQUATOR, as they now
-Shot upward still direct, whence no way round
-Shadow from body opaque can fall, and the Aire,
-No where so cleer, sharp'nd his visual ray
-To objects distant farr, whereby he soon
-Saw within kenn a glorious Angel stand,
-The same whom JOHN saw also in the Sun:
-His back was turnd, but not his brightness hid;
-Of beaming sunnie Raies, a golden tiar
-Circl'd his Head, nor less his Locks behind
-Illustrious on his Shoulders fledge with wings
-Lay waving round; on som great charge imploy'd
-Hee seemd, or fixt in cogitation deep.
-Glad was the Spirit impure as now in hope
-To find who might direct his wandring flight
-To Paradise the happie seat of Man,
-His journies end and our beginning woe.
-But first he casts to change his proper shape,
-Which else might work him danger or delay:
-And now a stripling Cherube he appeers,
-Not of the prime, yet such as in his face
-Youth smil'd Celestial, and to every Limb
-Sutable grace diffus'd, so well he feignd;
-Under a Coronet his flowing haire
-In curles on either cheek plaid, wings he wore
-Of many a colourd plume sprinkl'd with Gold,
-His habit fit for speed succinct, and held
-Before his decent steps a Silver wand.
-He drew not nigh unheard, the Angel bright,
-Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turnd,
-Admonisht by his eare, and strait was known
-Th' Arch-Angel URIEL, one of the seav'n
-Who in Gods presence, neerest to his Throne
-Stand ready at command, and are his Eyes
-That run through all the Heav'ns, or down to th' Earth
-Bear his swift errands over moist and dry,
-O're Sea and Land: him SATAN thus accostes;
-URIEL, for thou of those seav'n Spirits that stand
-In sight of God's high Throne, gloriously bright,
-The first art wont his great authentic will
-Interpreter through highest Heav'n to bring,
-Where all his Sons thy Embassie attend;
-And here art likeliest by supream decree
-Like honour to obtain, and as his Eye
-To visit oft this new Creation round;
-Unspeakable desire to see, and know
-All these his wondrous works, but chiefly Man,
-His chief delight and favour, him for whom
-All these his works so wondrous he ordaind,
-Hath brought me from the Quires of Cherubim
-Alone thus wandring. Brightest Seraph tell
-In which of all these shining Orbes hath Man
-His fixed seat, or fixed seat hath none,
-But all these shining Orbes his choice to dwell;
-That I may find him, and with secret gaze,
-Or open admiration him behold
-On whom the great Creator hath bestowd
-Worlds, and on whom hath all these graces powrd;
-That both in him and all things, as is meet,
-The Universal Maker we may praise;
-Who justly hath drivn out his Rebell Foes
-To deepest Hell, and to repair that loss
-Created this new happie Race of Men
-To serve him better: wise are all his wayes.
-So spake the false dissembler unperceivd;
-For neither Man nor Angel can discern
-Hypocrisie, the only evil that walks
-Invisible, except to God alone,
-By his permissive will, through Heav'n and Earth:
-And oft though wisdom wake, suspicion sleeps
-At wisdoms Gate, and to simplicitie
-Resigns her charge, while goodness thinks no ill
-Where no ill seems: Which now for once beguil'd
-URIEL, though Regent of the Sun, and held
-The sharpest sighted Spirit of all in Heav'n;
-Who to the fraudulent Impostor foule
-In his uprightness answer thus returnd.
-Faire Angel, thy desire which tends to know
-The works of God, thereby to glorifie
-The great Work-Maister, leads to no excess
-That reaches blame, but rather merits praise
-The more it seems excess, that led thee hither
-From thy Empyreal Mansion thus alone,
-To witness with thine eyes what some perhaps
-Contented with report heare onely in heav'n:
-For wonderful indeed are all his works,
-Pleasant to know, and worthiest to be all
-Had in remembrance alwayes with delight;
-But what created mind can comprehend
-Thir number, or the wisdom infinite
-That brought them forth, but hid thir causes deep.
-I saw when at his Word the formless Mass,
-This worlds material mould, came to a heap:
-Confusion heard his voice, and wilde uproar
-Stood rul'd, stood vast infinitude confin'd;
-Till at his second bidding darkness fled,
-Light shon, and order from disorder sprung:
-Swift to thir several Quarters hasted then
-The cumbrous Elements, Earth, Flood, Aire, Fire,
-And this Ethereal quintessence of Heav'n
-Flew upward, spirited with various forms,
-That rowld orbicular, and turnd to Starrs
-Numberless, as thou seest, and how they move;
-Each had his place appointed, each his course,
-The rest in circuit walles this Universe.
-Look downward on that Globe whose hither side
-With light from hence, though but reflected, shines;
-That place is Earth the seat of Man, that light
-His day, which else as th' other Hemisphere
-Night would invade, but there the neighbouring Moon
-(So call that opposite fair Starr) her aide
-Timely interposes, and her monthly round
-Still ending, still renewing, through mid Heav'n;
-With borrowd light her countenance triform
-Hence fills and empties to enlighten th' Earth,
-And in her pale dominion checks the night.
-That spot to which I point is PARADISE,
-ADAMS abode, those loftie shades his Bowre.
-Thy way thou canst not miss, me mine requires.
-Thus said, he turnd, and SATAN bowing low,
-As to superior Spirits is wont in Heaven,
-Where honour due and reverence none neglects,
-Took leave, and toward the coast of Earth beneath,
-Down from th' Ecliptic, sped with hop'd success,
-Throws his steep flight with many an Aerie wheele,
-Nor staid, till on NIPHATES top he lights.
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-! align="center" style="font: 125% 'Verdana', sans-serif;"| The Next Chapter
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+! <h5 id="mp-otd-h2" style="margin:0; background:black; text-align:left; color:white; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Anarchism</h5>
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-High on a Throne of Royal State, which far
-Outshon the wealth of ORMUS and of IND,
-Or where the gorgeous East with richest hand
-Showrs on her Kings BARBARIC Pearl & Gold,
-Satan exalted sat, by merit rais'd
-To that bad eminence; and from despair
-Thus high uplifted beyond hope, aspires
-Beyond thus high, insatiate to pursue
-Vain Warr with Heav'n, and by success untaught
-His proud imaginations thus displaid.
-Powers and Dominions, Deities of Heav'n,
-For since no deep within her gulf can hold
-Immortal vigor, though opprest and fall'n,
-I give not Heav'n for lost. From this descent
-Celestial vertues rising, will appear
-More glorious and more dread then from no fall,
-And trust themselves to fear no second fate:
-Mee though just right, and the fixt Laws of Heav'n
-Did first create your Leader, next, free choice,
-With what besides, in Counsel or in Fight,
-Hath bin achievd of merit, yet this loss
-Thus farr at least recover'd, hath much more
-Establisht in a safe unenvied Throne
-Yeilded with full consent. The happier state
-In Heav'n, which follows dignity, might draw
-Envy from each inferior; but who here
-Will envy whom the highest place exposes
-Formost to stand against the Thunderers aime
-Your bulwark, and condemns to greatest share
-Of endless pain? where there is then no good
-For which to strive, no strife can grow up there
-From Faction; for none sure will claim in hell
-Precedence, none, whose portion is so small
-Of present pain, that with ambitious mind
-Will covet more. With this advantage then
-To union, and firm Faith, and firm accord,
-More then can be in Heav'n, we now return
-To claim our just inheritance of old,
-Surer to prosper then prosperity
-Could have assur'd us; and by what best way,
-Whether of open Warr or covert guile,
-We now debate; who can advise, may speak.
-He ceas'd, and next him MOLOC, Scepter'd King
-Stood up, the strongest and the fiercest Spirit
-That fought in Heav'n; now fiercer by despair:
-His trust was with th' Eternal to be deem'd
-Equal in strength, and rather then be less
-Car'd not to be at all; with that care lost
-Went all his fear: of God, or Hell, or worse
-He reckd not, and these words thereafter spake.
-My sentence is for open Warr: Of Wiles,
-More unexpert, I boast not: them let those
-Contrive who need, or when they need, not now.
-For while they sit contriving, shall the rest,
-Millions that stand in Arms, and longing wait
-The Signal to ascend, sit lingring here
-Heav'ns fugitives, and for thir dwelling place
-Accept this dark opprobrious Den of shame,
-The Prison of his Tyranny who Reigns
-By our delay? no, let us rather choose
-Arm'd with Hell flames and fury all at once
-O're Heav'ns high Towrs to force resistless way,
-Turning our Tortures into horrid Arms
-Against the Torturer; when to meet the noise
-Of his Almighty Engin he shall hear
-Infernal Thunder, and for Lightning see
-Black fire and horror shot with equal rage
-Among his Angels; and his Throne it self
-Mixt with TARTAREAN Sulphur, and strange fire,
-His own invented Torments. But perhaps
-The way seems difficult and steep to scale
-With upright wing against a higher foe.
-Let such bethink them, if the sleepy drench
-Of that forgetful Lake benumme not still,
-That in our proper motion we ascend
-Up to our native seat: descent and fall
-To us is adverse. Who but felt of late
-When the fierce Foe hung on our brok'n Rear
-Insulting, and pursu'd us through the Deep,
-With what compulsion and laborious flight
-We sunk thus low? Th' ascent is easie then;
-Th' event is fear'd; should we again provoke
-Our stronger, some worse way his wrath may find
-To our destruction: if there be in Hell
-Fear to be worse destroy'd: what can be worse
-Then to dwell here, driv'n out from bliss, condemn'd
-In this abhorred deep to utter woe;
-Where pain of unextinguishable fire
-Must exercise us without hope of end
-The Vassals of his anger, when the Scourge
-Inexorably, and the torturing houre
-Calls us to Penance? More destroy'd then thus
-We should be quite abolisht and expire.
-What fear we then? what doubt we to incense
-His utmost ire? which to the highth enrag'd,
-Will either quite consume us, and reduce
-To nothing this essential, happier farr
-Then miserable to have eternal being:
-Or if our substance be indeed Divine,
-And cannot cease to be, we are at worst
-On this side nothing; and by proof we feel
-Our power sufficient to disturb his Heav'n,
-And with perpetual inrodes to Allarme,
-Though inaccessible, his fatal Throne:
-Which if not Victory is yet Revenge.
-He ended frowning, and his look denounc'd
-Desperate revenge, and Battel dangerous
-To less then Gods. On th' other side up rose
-BELIAL, in act more graceful and humane;
-A fairer person lost not Heav'n; he seemd
-For dignity compos'd and high exploit:
-But all was false and hollow; though his Tongue
-Dropt Manna, and could make the worse appear
-The better reason, to perplex and dash
-Maturest Counsels: for his thoughts were low;
-To vice industrious, but to Nobler deeds
-Timorous and slothful: yet he pleas'd the eare,
-And with perswasive accent thus began.
-I should be much for open Warr, O Peers,
-As not behind in hate; if what was urg'd
-Main reason to perswade immediate Warr,
-Did not disswade me most, and seem to cast
-Ominous conjecture on the whole success:
-When he who most excels in fact of Arms,
-In what he counsels and in what excels
-Mistrustful, grounds his courage on despair
-And utter dissolution, as the scope
-Of all his aim, after some dire revenge.
-First, what Revenge? the Towrs of Heav'n are fill'd
-With Armed watch, that render all access
-Impregnable; oft on the bordering Deep
-Encamp thir Legions, or with obscure wing
-Scout farr and wide into the Realm of night,
-Scorning surprize. Or could we break our way
-By force, and at our heels all Hell should rise
-With blackest Insurrection, to confound
-Heav'ns purest Light, yet our great Enemie
-All incorruptible would on his Throne
-Sit unpolluted, and th' Ethereal mould
-Incapable of stain would soon expel
-Her mischief, and purge off the baser fire
-Victorious. Thus repuls'd, our final hope
-Is flat despair: we must exasperate
-Th' Almighty Victor to spend all his rage,
-And that must end us, that must be our cure,
-To be no more; sad cure; for who would loose,
-Though full of pain, this intellectual being,
-Those thoughts that wander through Eternity,
-To perish rather, swallowd up and lost
-In the wide womb of uncreated night,
-Devoid of sense and motion? and who knows,
-Let this be good, whether our angry Foe
-Can give it, or will ever? how he can
-Is doubtful; that he never will is sure.
-Will he, so wise, let loose at once his ire,
-Belike through impotence, or unaware,
-To give his Enemies thir wish, and end
-Them in his anger, whom his anger saves
-To punish endless? wherefore cease we then?
-Say they who counsel Warr, we are decreed,
-Reserv'd and destin'd to Eternal woe;
-Whatever doing, what can we suffer more,
-What can we suffer worse? is this then worst,
-Thus sitting, thus consulting, thus in Arms?
-What when we fled amain, pursu'd and strook
-With Heav'ns afflicting Thunder, and besought
-The Deep to shelter us? this Hell then seem'd
-A refuge from those wounds: or when we lay
-Chain'd on the burning Lake? that sure was worse.
-What if the breath that kindl'd those grim fires
-Awak'd should blow them into sevenfold rage
-And plunge us in the Flames? or from above
-Should intermitted vengeance Arme again
-His red right hand to plague us? what if all
-Her stores were op'n'd, and this Firmament
-Of Hell should spout her Cataracts of Fire,
-Impendent horrors, threatning hideous fall
-One day upon our heads; while we perhaps
-Designing or exhorting glorious Warr,
-Caught in a fierie Tempest shall be hurl'd
-Each on his rock transfixt, the sport and prey
-Of racking whirlwinds, or for ever sunk
-Under yon boyling Ocean, wrapt in Chains;
-There to converse with everlasting groans,
-Unrespited, unpitied, unrepreevd,
-Ages of hopeless end; this would be worse.
-Warr therefore, open or conceal'd, alike
-My voice disswades; for what can force or guile
-With him, or who deceive his mind, whose eye
-Views all things at one view? he from heav'ns highth
-All these our motions vain, sees and derides;
-Not more Almighty to resist our might
-Then wise to frustrate all our plots and wiles.
-Shall we then live thus vile, the race of Heav'n
-Thus trampl'd, thus expell'd to suffer here
-Chains & these Torments? better these then worse
-By my advice; since fate inevitable
-Subdues us, and Omnipotent Decree,
-The Victors will. To suffer, as to doe,
-Our strength is equal, nor the Law unjust
-That so ordains: this was at first resolv'd,
-If we were wise, against so great a foe
-Contending, and so doubtful what might fall.
-I laugh, when those who at the Spear are bold
-And vent'rous, if that fail them, shrink and fear
-What yet they know must follow, to endure
-Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain,
-The sentence of thir Conquerour: This is now
-Our doom; which if we can sustain and bear,
-Our Supream Foe in time may much remit
-His anger, and perhaps thus farr remov'd
-Not mind us not offending, satisfi'd
-With what is punish't; whence these raging fires
-Will slack'n, if his breath stir not thir flames.
-Our purer essence then will overcome
-Thir noxious vapour, or enur'd not feel,
-Or chang'd at length, and to the place conformd
-In temper and in nature, will receive
-Familiar the fierce heat, and void of pain;
-This horror will grow milde, this darkness light,
-Besides what hope the never-ending flight
-Of future days may bring, what chance, what change
-Worth waiting, since our present lot appeers
-For happy though but ill, for ill not worst,
-If we procure not to our selves more woe.
-Thus BELIAL with words cloath'd in reasons garb
-Counsel'd ignoble ease, and peaceful sloath,
-Not peace: and after him thus MAMMON spake.
-Either to disinthrone the King of Heav'n
-We warr, if warr be best, or to regain
-Our own right lost: him to unthrone we then
-May hope, when everlasting Fate shall yeild
-To fickle Chance, and CHAOS judge the strife:
-The former vain to hope argues as vain
-The latter: for what place can be for us
-Within Heav'ns bound, unless Heav'ns Lord supream
-We overpower? Suppose he should relent
-And publish Grace to all, on promise made
-Of new Subjection; with what eyes could we
-Stand in his presence humble, and receive
-Strict Laws impos'd, to celebrate his Throne
-With warbl'd Hymns, and to his Godhead sing
-Forc't Halleluiah's; while he Lordly sits
-Our envied Sovran, and his Altar breathes
-Ambrosial Odours and Ambrosial Flowers,
-Our servile offerings. This must be our task
-In Heav'n, this our delight; how wearisom
-Eternity so spent in worship paid
-To whom we hate. Let us not then pursue
-By force impossible, by leave obtain'd
-Unacceptable, though in Heav'n, our state
-Of splendid vassalage, but rather seek
-Our own good from our selves, and from our own
-Live to our selves, though in this vast recess,
-Free, and to none accountable, preferring
-Hard liberty before the easie yoke
-Of servile Pomp. Our greatness will appear
-Then most conspicuous, when great things of small,
-Useful of hurtful, prosperous of adverse
-We can create, and in what place so e're
-Thrive under evil, and work ease out of pain
-Through labour and endurance. This deep world
-Of darkness do we dread? How oft amidst
-Thick clouds and dark doth Heav'ns all-ruling Sire
-Choose to reside, his Glory unobscur'd,
-And with the Majesty of darkness round
-Covers his Throne; from whence deep thunders roar
-Must'ring thir rage, and Heav'n resembles Hell?
-As he our Darkness, cannot we his Light
-Imitate when we please? This Desart soile
-Wants not her hidden lustre, Gemms and Gold;
-Nor want we skill or art, from whence to raise
-Magnificence; and what can Heav'n shew more?
-Our torments also may in length of time
-Become our Elements, these piercing Fires
-As soft as now severe, our temper chang'd
-Into their temper; which must needs remove
-The sensible of pain. All things invite
-To peaceful Counsels, and the settl'd State
-Of order, how in safety best we may
-Compose our present evils, with regard
-Of what we are and where, dismissing quite
-All thoughts of Warr: ye have what I advise.
-He scarce had finisht, when such murmur filld
-Th' Assembly, as when hollow Rocks retain
-The sound of blustring winds, which all night long
-Had rous'd the Sea, now with hoarse cadence lull
-Sea-faring men orewatcht, whose Bark by chance
-Or Pinnace anchors in a craggy Bay
-After the Tempest: Such applause was heard
-As MAMMON ended, and his Sentence pleas'd,
-Advising peace: for such another Field
-They dreaded worse then Hell: so much the fear
-Of Thunder and the Sword of MICHAEL
-Wrought still within them; and no less desire
-To found this nether Empire, which might rise
-By pollicy, and long process of time,
-In emulation opposite to Heav'n.
-Which when BEELZEBUB perceiv'd, then whom,
-SATAN except, none higher sat, with grave
-Aspect he rose, and in his rising seem'd
-A Pillar of State; deep on his Front engraven
-Deliberation sat and publick care;
-And Princely counsel in his face yet shon,
-Majestick though in ruin: sage he stood
-With ATLANTEAN shoulders fit to bear
-The weight of mightiest Monarchies; his look
-Drew audience and attention still as Night
-Or Summers Noon-tide air, while thus he spake.
-Thrones and imperial Powers, off-spring of heav'n,
-Ethereal Vertues; or these Titles now
-Must we renounce, and changing stile be call'd
-Princes of Hell? for so the popular vote
-Inclines, here to continue, and build up here
-A growing Empire; doubtless; while we dream,
-And know not that the King of Heav'n hath doom'd
-This place our dungeon, not our safe retreat
-Beyond his Potent arm, to live exempt
-From Heav'ns high jurisdiction, in new League
-Banded against his Throne, but to remaine
-In strictest bondage, though thus far remov'd,
-Under th' inevitable curb, reserv'd
-His captive multitude: For he, be sure,
-In highth or depth, still first and last will Reign
-Sole King, and of his Kingdom loose no part
-By our revolt, but over Hell extend
-His Empire, and with Iron Scepter rule
-Us here, as with his Golden those in Heav'n.
-What sit we then projecting Peace and Warr?
-Warr hath determin'd us, and foild with loss
-Irreparable; tearms of peace yet none
-Voutsaf't or sought; for what peace will be giv'n
-To us enslav'd, but custody severe,
-And stripes, and arbitrary punishment
-Inflicted? and what peace can we return,
-But to our power hostility and hate,
-Untam'd reluctance, and revenge though slow,
-Yet ever plotting how the Conquerour least
-May reap his conquest, and may least rejoyce
-In doing what we most in suffering feel?
-Nor will occasion want, nor shall we need
-With dangerous expedition to invade
-Heav'n, whose high walls fear no assault or Siege,
-Or ambush from the Deep. What if we find
-Some easier enterprize? There is a place
-(If ancient and prophetic fame in Heav'n
-Err not) another World, the happy seat
-Of som new Race call'd MAN, about this time
-To be created like to us, though less
-In power and excellence, but favour'd more
-Of him who rules above; so was his will
-Pronounc'd among the Gods, and by an Oath,
-That shook Heav'ns whol circumference, confirm'd.
-Thither let us bend all our thoughts, to learn
-What creatures there inhabit, of what mould,
-Or substance, how endu'd, and what thir Power,
-And where thir weakness, how attempted best,
-By force or suttlety: Though Heav'n be shut,
-And Heav'ns high Arbitrator sit secure
-In his own strength, this place may lye expos'd
-The utmost border of his Kingdom, left
-To their defence who hold it: here perhaps
-Som advantagious act may be achiev'd
-By sudden onset, either with Hell fire
-To waste his whole Creation, or possess
-All as our own, and drive as we were driven,
-The punie habitants, or if not drive,
-Seduce them to our Party, that thir God
-May prove thir foe, and with repenting hand
-Abolish his own works. This would surpass
-Common revenge, and interrupt his joy
-In our Confusion, and our Joy upraise
-In his disturbance; when his darling Sons
-Hurl'd headlong to partake with us, shall curse
-Thir frail Originals, and faded bliss,
-Faded so soon. Advise if this be worth
-Attempting, or to sit in darkness here
-Hatching vain Empires. Thus BEELZEBUB
-Pleaded his devilish Counsel, first devis'd
-By SATAN, and in part propos'd: for whence,
-But from the Author of all ill could Spring
-So deep a malice, to confound the race
-Of mankind in one root, and Earth with Hell
-To mingle and involve, done all to spite
-The great Creatour? But thir spite still serves
-His glory to augment. The bold design
-Pleas'd highly those infernal States, and joy
-Sparkl'd in all thir eyes; with full assent
-They vote: whereat his speech he thus renews.
-Well have ye judg'd, well ended long debate,
-Synod of Gods, and like to what ye are,
-Great things resolv'd; which from the lowest deep
-Will once more lift us up, in spight of Fate,
-Neerer our ancient Seat; perhaps in view
-Of those bright confines, whence with neighbouring Arms
-And opportune excursion we may chance
-Re-enter Heav'n; or else in some milde Zone
-Dwell not unvisited of Heav'ns fair Light
-Secure, and at the brightning Orient beam
-Purge off this gloom; the soft delicious Air,
-To heal the scarr of these corrosive Fires
-Shall breath her balme. But first whom shall we send
-In search of this new world, whom shall we find
-Sufficient? who shall tempt with wandring feet
-The dark unbottom'd infinite Abyss
-And through the palpable obscure find out
-His uncouth way, or spread his aerie flight
-Upborn with indefatigable wings
-Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive
-The happy Ile; what strength, what art can then
-Suffice, or what evasion bear him safe
-Through the strict Senteries and Stations thick
-Of Angels watching round? Here he had need
-All circumspection, and we now no less
-Choice in our suffrage; for on whom we send,
-The weight of all and our last hope relies.
-This said, he sat; and expectation held
-His look suspence, awaiting who appeer'd
-To second, or oppose, or undertake
-The perilous attempt: but all sat mute,
-Pondering the danger with deep thoughts; & each
-In others count'nance red his own dismay
-Astonisht: none among the choice and prime
-Of those Heav'n-warring Champions could be found
-So hardie as to proffer or accept
-Alone the dreadful voyage; till at last
-SATAN, whom now transcendent glory rais'd
-Above his fellows, with Monarchal pride
-Conscious of highest worth, unmov'd thus spake.
-O Progeny of Heav'n, Empyreal Thrones,
-With reason hath deep silence and demurr
-Seis'd us, though undismaid: long is the way
-And hard, that out of Hell leads up to Light;
-Our prison strong, this huge convex of Fire,
-Outrageous to devour, immures us round
-Ninefold, and gates of burning Adamant
-Barr'd over us prohibit all egress.
-These past, if any pass, the void profound
-Of unessential Night receives him next
-Wide gaping, and with utter loss of being
-Threatens him, plung'd in that abortive gulf.
-If thence he scape into what ever world,
-Or unknown Region, what remains him less
-Then unknown dangers and as hard escape.
-But I should ill become this Throne, O Peers,
-And this Imperial Sov'ranty, adorn'd
-With splendor, arm'd with power, if aught propos'd
-And judg'd of public moment, in the shape
-Of difficulty or danger could deterre
-Me from attempting. Wherefore do I assume
-These Royalties, and not refuse to Reign,
-Refusing to accept as great a share
-Of hazard as of honour, due alike
-To him who Reigns, and so much to him due
-Of hazard more, as he above the rest
-High honourd sits? Go therfore mighty powers,
-Terror of Heav'n, though fall'n; intend at home,
-While here shall be our home, what best may ease
-The present misery, and render Hell
-More tollerable; if there be cure or charm
-To respite or deceive, or slack the pain
-Of this ill Mansion: intermit no watch
-Against a wakeful Foe, while I abroad
-Through all the coasts of dark destruction seek
-Deliverance for us all: this enterprize
-None shall partake with me. Thus saying rose
-The Monarch, and prevented all reply,
-Prudent, least from his resolution rais'd
-Others among the chief might offer now
-(Certain to be refus'd) what erst they feard;
-And so refus'd might in opinion stand
-His rivals, winning cheap the high repute
-Which he through hazard huge must earn. But they
-Dreaded not more th' adventure then his voice
-Forbidding; and at once with him they rose;
-Thir rising all at once was as the sound
-Of Thunder heard remote. Towards him they bend
-With awful reverence prone; and as a God
-Extoll him equal to the highest in Heav'n:
-Nor fail'd they to express how much they prais'd,
-That for the general safety he despis'd
-His own: for neither do the Spirits damn'd
-Loose all thir vertue; least bad men should boast
-Thir specious deeds on earth, which glory excites,
-Or close ambition varnisht o're with zeal.
-Thus they thir doubtful consultations dark
-Ended rejoycing in thir matchless Chief:
-As when from mountain tops the dusky clouds
-Ascending, while the North wind sleeps, o'respread
-Heav'ns chearful face, the lowring Element
-Scowls ore the dark'nd lantskip Snow, or showre;
-If chance the radiant Sun with farewell sweet
-Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive,
-The birds thir notes renew, and bleating herds
-Attest thir joy, that hill and valley rings.
-O shame to men! Devil with Devil damn'd
-Firm concord holds, men onely disagree
-Of Creatures rational, though under hope
-Of heavenly Grace: and God proclaiming peace,
-Yet live in hatred, enmitie, and strife
-Among themselves, and levie cruel warres,
-Wasting the Earth, each other to destroy:
-As if (which might induce us to accord)
-Man had not hellish foes anow besides,
-That day and night for his destruction waite.
-The STYGIAN Councel thus dissolv'd; and forth
-In order came the grand infernal Peers,
-Midst came thir mighty Paramount, and seemd
-Alone th' Antagonist of Heav'n, nor less
-Then Hells dread Emperour with pomp Supream,
-And God-like imitated State; him round
-A Globe of fierie Seraphim inclos'd
-With bright imblazonrie, and horrent Arms.
-Then of thir Session ended they bid cry
-With Trumpets regal sound the great result:
-Toward the four winds four speedy Cherubim
-Put to thir mouths the sounding Alchymie
-By Haralds voice explain'd: the hollow Abyss
-Heard farr and wide, and all the host of Hell
-With deafning shout, return'd them loud acclaim.
-Thence more at ease thir minds and somwhat rais'd
-By false presumptuous hope, the ranged powers
-Disband, and wandring, each his several way
-Pursues, as inclination or sad choice
-Leads him perplext, where he may likeliest find
-Truce to his restless thoughts, and entertain
-The irksome hours, till his great Chief return.
-Part on the Plain, or in the Air sublime
-Upon the wing, or in swift race contend,
-As at th' Olympian Games or PYTHIAN fields;
-Part curb thir fierie Steeds, or shun the Goal
-With rapid wheels, or fronted Brigads form.
-As when to warn proud Cities warr appears
-Wag'd in the troubl'd Skie, and Armies rush
-To Battel in the Clouds, before each Van
-Pric forth the Aerie Knights, and couch thir spears
-Till thickest Legions close; with feats of Arms
-From either end of Heav'n the welkin burns.
-Others with vast TYPHOEAN rage more fell
-Rend up both Rocks and Hills, and ride the Air
-In whirlwind; Hell scarce holds the wilde uproar.
-As when ALCIDES from OEALIA Crown'd
-With conquest, felt th' envenom'd robe, and tore
-Through pain up by the roots THESSALIAN Pines,
-And LICHAS from the top of OETA threw
-Into th' EUBOIC Sea. Others more milde,
-Retreated in a silent valley, sing
-With notes Angelical to many a Harp
-Thir own Heroic deeds and hapless fall
-By doom of Battel; and complain that Fate
-Free Vertue should enthrall to Force or Chance.
-Thir song was partial, but the harmony
-(What could it less when Spirits immortal sing?)
-Suspended Hell, and took with ravishment
-The thronging audience. In discourse more sweet
-(For Eloquence the Soul, Song charms the Sense,)
-Others apart sat on a Hill retir'd,
-In thoughts more elevate, and reason'd high
-Of Providence, Foreknowledge, Will, and Fate,
-Fixt Fate, free will, foreknowledge absolute,
-And found no end, in wandring mazes lost.
-Of good and evil much they argu'd then,
-Of happiness and final misery,
-Passion and Apathie, and glory and shame,
-Vain wisdom all, and false Philosophie:
-Yet with a pleasing sorcerie could charm
-Pain for a while or anguish, and excite
-Fallacious hope, or arm th' obdured brest
-With stubborn patience as with triple steel.
-Another part in Squadrons and gross Bands,
-On bold adventure to discover wide
-That dismal world, if any Clime perhaps
-Might yeild them easier habitation, bend
-Four ways thir flying March, along the Banks
-Of four infernal Rivers that disgorge
-Into the burning Lake thir baleful streams;
-Abhorred STYX the flood of deadly hate,
-Sad ACHERON of sorrow, black and deep;
-COCYTUS, nam'd of lamentation loud
-Heard on the ruful stream; fierce PHLEGETON
-Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
-Farr off from these a slow and silent stream,
-LETHE the River of Oblivion roules
-Her watrie Labyrinth, whereof who drinks,
-Forthwith his former state and being forgets,
-Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain.
-Beyond this flood a frozen Continent
-Lies dark and wilde, beat with perpetual storms
-Of Whirlwind and dire Hail, which on firm land
-Thaws not, but gathers heap, and ruin seems
-Of ancient pile; all else deep snow and ice,
-A gulf profound as that SERBONIAN Bog
-Betwixt DAMIATA and mount CASIUS old,
-Where Armies whole have sunk: the parching Air
-Burns frore, and cold performs th' effect of Fire.
-Thither by harpy-footed Furies hail'd,
-At certain revolutions all the damn'd
-Are brought: and feel by turns the bitter change
-Of fierce extreams, extreams by change more fierce,
-From Beds of raging Fire to starve in Ice
-Thir soft Ethereal warmth, and there to pine
-Immovable, infixt, and frozen round,
-Periods of time, thence hurried back to fire.
-They ferry over this LETHEAN Sound
-Both to and fro, thir sorrow to augment,
-And wish and struggle, as they pass, to reach
-The tempting stream, with one small drop to loose
-In sweet forgetfulness all pain and woe,
-All in one moment, and so neer the brink;
-But fate withstands, and to oppose th' attempt
-MEDUSA with GORGONIAN terror guards
-The Ford, and of it self the water flies
-All taste of living wight, as once it fled
-The lip of TANTALUS. Thus roving on
-In confus'd march forlorn, th' adventrous Bands
-With shuddring horror pale, and eyes agast
-View'd first thir lamentable lot, and found
-No rest: through many a dark and drearie Vaile
-They pass'd, and many a Region dolorous,
-O're many a Frozen, many a Fierie Alpe,
-Rocks, Caves, Lakes, Fens, Bogs, Dens, and shades of death,
-A Universe of death, which God by curse
-Created evil, for evil only good,
-Where all life dies, death lives, and nature breeds,
-Perverse, all monstrous, all prodigious things,
-Abominable, inutterable, and worse
-Then Fables yet have feign'd, or fear conceiv'd,
-GORGONS and HYDRA'S, and CHIMERA'S dire.
-Mean while the Adversary of God and Man,
-SATAN with thoughts inflam'd of highest design,
-Puts on swift wings, and toward the Gates of Hell
-Explores his solitary flight; som times
-He scours the right hand coast, som times the left,
-Now shaves with level wing the Deep, then soares
-Up to the fiery concave touring high.
-As when farr off at Sea a Fleet descri'd
-Hangs in the Clouds, by AEQUINOCTIAL Winds
-Close sailing from BENGALA, or the Iles
-Of TERNATE and TIDORE, whence Merchants bring
-Thir spicie Drugs: they on the trading Flood
-Through the wide ETHIOPIAN to the Cape
-Ply stemming nightly toward the Pole. So seem'd
-Farr off the flying Fiend: at last appeer
-Hell bounds high reaching to the horrid Roof,
-And thrice threefold the Gates; three folds were Brass
-Three Iron, three of Adamantine Rock,
-Impenitrable, impal'd with circling fire,
-Yet unconsum'd. Before the Gates there sat
-On either side a formidable shape;
-The one seem'd Woman to the waste, and fair,
-But ended foul in many a scaly fould
-Voluminous and vast, a Serpent arm'd
-With mortal sting: about her middle round
-A cry of Hell Hounds never ceasing bark'd
-With wide CERBEREAN mouths full loud, and rung
-A hideous Peal: yet, when they list, would creep,
-If aught disturb'd thir noyse, into her woomb,
-And kennel there, yet there still bark'd and howl'd
-Within unseen. Farr less abhorrd then these
-Vex'd SCYLLA bathing in the Sea that parts
-CALABRIA from the hoarce TRINACRIAN shore:
-Nor uglier follow the Night-Hag, when call'd
-In secret, riding through the Air she comes
-Lur'd with the smell of infant blood, to dance
-With LAPLAND Witches, while the labouring Moon
-Eclipses at thir charms. The other shape,
-If shape it might be call'd that shape had none
-Distinguishable in member, joynt, or limb,
-Or substance might be call'd that shadow seem'd,
-For each seem'd either; black it stood as Night,
-Fierce as ten Furies, terrible as Hell,
-And shook a dreadful Dart; what seem'd his head
-The likeness of a Kingly Crown had on.
-SATAN was now at hand, and from his seat
-The Monster moving onward came as fast,
-With horrid strides, Hell trembled as he strode.
-Th' undaunted Fiend what this might be admir'd,
-Admir'd, not fear'd; God and his Son except,
-Created thing naught vallu'd he nor shun'd;
-And with disdainful look thus first began.
-Whence and what art thou, execrable shape,
-That dar'st, though grim and terrible, advance
-Thy miscreated Front athwart my way
-To yonder Gates? through them I mean to pass,
-That be assur'd, without leave askt of thee:
-Retire, or taste thy folly, and learn by proof,
-Hell-born, not to contend with Spirits of Heav'n.
-To whom the Goblin full of wrauth reply'd,
-Art thou that Traitor Angel, art thou hee,
-Who first broke peace in Heav'n and Faith, till then
-Unbrok'n, and in proud rebellious Arms
-Drew after him the third part of Heav'ns Sons
-Conjur'd against the highest, for which both Thou
-And they outcast from God, are here condemn'd
-To waste Eternal daies in woe and pain?
-And reck'n'st thou thy self with Spirits of Heav'n,
-Hell-doomd, and breath'st defiance here and scorn,
-Where I reign King, and to enrage thee more,
-Thy King and Lord? Back to thy punishment,
-False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings,
-Least with a whip of Scorpions I pursue
-Thy lingring, or with one stroke of this Dart
-Strange horror seise thee, and pangs unfelt before.
-So spake the grieslie terrour, and in shape,
-So speaking and so threatning, grew ten fold
-More dreadful and deform: on th' other side
-Incenc't with indignation SATAN stood
-Unterrifi'd, and like a Comet burn'd,
-That fires the length of OPHIUCUS huge
-In th' Artick Sky, and from his horrid hair
-Shakes Pestilence and Warr. Each at the Head
-Level'd his deadly aime; thir fatall hands
-No second stroke intend, and such a frown
-Each cast at th' other, as when two black Clouds
-With Heav'ns Artillery fraught, come rattling on
-Over the CASPIAN, then stand front to front
-Hov'ring a space, till Winds the signal blow
-To joyn thir dark Encounter in mid air:
-So frownd the mighty Combatants, that Hell
-Grew darker at thir frown, so matcht they stood;
-For never but once more was either like
-To meet so great a foe: and now great deeds
-Had been achiev'd, whereof all Hell had rung,
-Had not the Snakie Sorceress that sat
-Fast by Hell Gate, and kept the fatal Key,
-Ris'n, and with hideous outcry rush'd between.
-O Father, what intends thy hand, she cry'd,
-Against thy only Son? What fury O Son,
-Possesses thee to bend that mortal Dart
-Against thy Fathers head? and know'st for whom;
-For him who sits above and laughs the while
-At thee ordain'd his drudge, to execute
-What e're his wrath, which he calls Justice, bids,
-His wrath which one day will destroy ye both.
-She spake, and at her words the hellish Pest
-Forbore, then these to her SATAN return'd:
-So strange thy outcry, and thy words so strange
-Thou interposest, that my sudden hand
-Prevented spares to tell thee yet by deeds
-What it intends; till first I know of thee,
-What thing thou art, thus double-form'd, and why
-In this infernal Vaile first met thou call'st
-Me Father, and that Fantasm call'st my Son?
-I know thee not, nor ever saw till now
-Sight more detestable then him and thee.
-T' whom thus the Portress of Hell Gate reply'd;
-Hast thou forgot me then, and do I seem
-Now in thine eye so foul, once deemd so fair
-In Heav'n, when at th' Assembly, and in sight
-Of all the Seraphim with thee combin'd
-In bold conspiracy against Heav'ns King,
-All on a sudden miserable pain
-Surpris'd thee, dim thine eyes, and dizzie swumm
-In darkness, while thy head flames thick and fast
-Threw forth, till on the left side op'ning wide,
-Likest to thee in shape and count'nance bright,
-Then shining heav'nly fair, a Goddess arm'd
-Out of thy head I sprung: amazement seis'd
-All th' Host of Heav'n; back they recoild affraid
-At first, and call'd me SIN, and for a Sign
-Portentous held me; but familiar grown,
-I pleas'd, and with attractive graces won
-The most averse, thee chiefly, who full oft
-Thy self in me thy perfect image viewing
-Becam'st enamour'd, and such joy thou took'st
-With me in secret, that my womb conceiv'd
-A growing burden. Mean while Warr arose,
-And fields were fought in Heav'n; wherein remaind
-(For what could else) to our Almighty Foe
-Cleer Victory, to our part loss and rout
-Through all the Empyrean: down they fell
-Driv'n headlong from the Pitch of Heaven, down
-Into this Deep, and in the general fall
-I also; at which time this powerful Key
-Into my hand was giv'n, with charge to keep
-These Gates for ever shut, which none can pass
-Without my op'ning. Pensive here I sat
-Alone, but long I sat not, till my womb
-Pregnant by thee, and now excessive grown
-Prodigious motion felt and rueful throes.
-At last this odious offspring whom thou seest
-Thine own begotten, breaking violent way
-Tore through my entrails, that with fear and pain
-Distorted, all my nether shape thus grew
-Transform'd: but he my inbred enemie
-Forth issu'd, brandishing his fatal Dart
-Made to destroy: I fled, and cry'd out DEATH;
-Hell trembl'd at the hideous Name, and sigh'd
-From all her Caves, and back resounded DEATH.
-I fled, but he pursu'd (though more, it seems,
-Inflam'd with lust then rage) and swifter far,
-Me overtook his mother all dismaid,
-And in embraces forcible and foule
-Ingendring with me, of that rape begot
-These yelling Monsters that with ceasless cry
-Surround me, as thou sawst, hourly conceiv'd
-And hourly born, with sorrow infinite
-To me, for when they list into the womb
-That bred them they return, and howle and gnaw
-My Bowels, their repast; then bursting forth
-Afresh with conscious terrours vex me round,
-That rest or intermission none I find.
-Before mine eyes in opposition sits
-Grim DEATH my Son and foe, who sets them on,
-And me his Parent would full soon devour
-For want of other prey, but that he knows
-His end with mine involvd; and knows that I
-Should prove a bitter Morsel, and his bane,
-When ever that shall be; so Fate pronounc'd.
-But thou O Father, I forewarn thee, shun
-His deadly arrow; neither vainly hope
-To be invulnerable in those bright Arms,
-Though temper'd heav'nly, for that mortal dint,
-Save he who reigns above, none can resist.
-She finish'd, and the suttle Fiend his lore
-Soon learnd, now milder, and thus answerd smooth.
-Dear Daughter, since thou claim'st me for thy Sire,
-And my fair Son here showst me, the dear pledge
-Of dalliance had with thee in Heav'n, and joys
-Then sweet, now sad to mention, through dire change
-Befalln us unforeseen, unthought of, know
-I come no enemie, but to set free
-From out this dark and dismal house of pain,
-Both him and thee, and all the heav'nly Host
-Of Spirits that in our just pretenses arm'd
-Fell with us from on high: from them I go
-This uncouth errand sole, and one for all
-My self expose, with lonely steps to tread
-Th' unfounded deep, & through the void immense
-To search with wandring quest a place foretold
-Should be, and, by concurring signs, ere now
-Created vast and round, a place of bliss
-In the Pourlieues of Heav'n, and therein plac't
-A race of upstart Creatures, to supply
-Perhaps our vacant room, though more remov'd,
-Least Heav'n surcharg'd with potent multitude
-Might hap to move new broiles: Be this or aught
-Then this more secret now design'd, I haste
-To know, and this once known, shall soon return,
-And bring ye to the place where Thou and Death
-Shall dwell at ease, and up and down unseen
-Wing silently the buxom Air, imbalm'd
-With odours; there ye shall be fed and fill'd
-Immeasurably, all things shall be your prey.
-He ceas'd, for both seemd highly pleasd, and Death
-Grinnd horrible a gastly smile, to hear
-His famine should be fill'd, and blest his mawe
-Destin'd to that good hour: no less rejoyc'd
-His mother bad, and thus bespake her Sire.
-The key of this infernal Pit by due,
-And by command of Heav'ns all-powerful King
-I keep, by him forbidden to unlock
-These Adamantine Gates; against all force
-Death ready stands to interpose his dart,
-Fearless to be o'rematcht by living might.
-But what ow I to his commands above
-Who hates me, and hath hither thrust me down
-Into this gloom of TARTARUS profound,
-To sit in hateful Office here confin'd,
-Inhabitant of Heav'n, and heav'nlie-born,
-Here in perpetual agonie and pain,
-With terrors and with clamors compasst round
-Of mine own brood, that on my bowels feed:
-Thou art my Father, thou my Author, thou
-My being gav'st me; whom should I obey
-But thee, whom follow? thou wilt bring me soon
-To that new world of light and bliss, among
-The Gods who live at ease, where I shall Reign
-At thy right hand voluptuous, as beseems
-Thy daughter and thy darling, without end.
-Thus saying, from her side the fatal Key,
-Sad instrument of all our woe, she took;
-And towards the Gate rouling her bestial train,
-Forthwith the huge Porcullis high up drew,
-Which but her self not all the STYGIAN powers
-Could once have mov'd; then in the key-hole turns
-Th' intricate wards, and every Bolt and Bar
-Of massie Iron or sollid Rock with ease
-Unfast'ns: on a sudden op'n flie
-With impetuous recoile and jarring sound
-Th' infernal dores, and on thir hinges great
-Harsh Thunder, that the lowest bottom shook
-Of EREBUS. She op'nd, but to shut
-Excel'd her power; the Gates wide op'n stood,
-That with extended wings a Bannerd Host
-Under spread Ensigns marching might pass through
-With Horse and Chariots rankt in loose array;
-So wide they stood, and like a Furnace mouth
-Cast forth redounding smoak and ruddy flame.
-Before thir eyes in sudden view appear
-The secrets of the hoarie deep, a dark
-Illimitable Ocean without bound,
-Without dimension, where length, breadth, and highth,
-And time and place are lost; where eldest Night
-And CHAOS, Ancestors of Nature, hold
-Eternal ANARCHIE, amidst the noise
-Of endless warrs and by confusion stand.
-For hot, cold, moist, and dry, four Champions fierce
-Strive here for Maistrie, and to Battel bring
-Thir embryon Atoms; they around the flag
-Of each his faction, in thir several Clanns,
-Light-arm'd or heavy, sharp, smooth, swift or slow,
-Swarm populous, unnumber'd as the Sands
-Of BARCA or CYRENE'S torrid soil,
-Levied to side with warring Winds, and poise
-Thir lighter wings. To whom these most adhere,
-Hee rules a moment; CHAOS Umpire sits,
-And by decision more imbroiles the fray
-By which he Reigns: next him high Arbiter
-CHANCE governs all. Into this wilde Abyss,
-The Womb of nature and perhaps her Grave,
-Of neither Sea, nor Shore, nor Air, nor Fire,
-But all these in thir pregnant causes mixt
-Confus'dly, and which thus must ever fight,
-Unless th' Almighty Maker them ordain
-His dark materials to create more Worlds,
-Into this wilde Abyss the warie fiend
-Stood on the brink of Hell and look'd a while,
-Pondering his Voyage; for no narrow frith
-He had to cross. Nor was his eare less peal'd
-With noises loud and ruinous (to compare
-Great things with small) then when BELLONA storms,
-With all her battering Engines bent to rase
-Som Capital City, or less then if this frame
-Of Heav'n were falling, and these Elements
-In mutinie had from her Axle torn
-The stedfast Earth. At last his Sail-broad Vannes
-He spreads for flight, and in the surging smoak
-Uplifted spurns the ground, thence many a League
-As in a cloudy Chair ascending rides
-Audacious, but that seat soon failing, meets
-A vast vacuitie: all unawares
-Fluttring his pennons vain plumb down he drops
-Ten thousand fadom deep, and to this hour
-Down had been falling, had not by ill chance
-The strong rebuff of som tumultuous cloud
-Instinct with Fire and Nitre hurried him
-As many miles aloft: that furie stay'd,
-Quencht in a Boggie SYRTIS, neither Sea,
-Nor good dry Land: nigh founderd on he fares,
-Treading the crude consistence, half on foot,
-Half flying; behoves him now both Oare and Saile.
-As when a Gryfon through the Wilderness
-With winged course ore Hill or moarie Dale,
-Pursues the ARIMASPIAN, who by stelth
-Had from his wakeful custody purloind
-The guarded Gold: So eagerly the fiend
-Ore bog or steep, through strait, rough, dense, or rare,
-With head, hands, wings, or feet pursues his way,
-And swims or sinks, or wades, or creeps, or flyes:
-At length a universal hubbub wilde
-Of stunning sounds and voices all confus'd
-Born through the hollow dark assaults his eare
-With loudest vehemence: thither he plyes,
-Undaunted to meet there what ever power
-Or Spirit of the nethermost Abyss
-Might in that noise reside, of whom to ask
-Which way the neerest coast of darkness lyes
-Bordering on light; when strait behold the Throne
-Of CHAOS, and his dark Pavilion spread
-Wide on the wasteful Deep; with him Enthron'd
-Sat Sable-vested Night, eldest of things,
-The consort of his Reign; and by them stood
-ORCUS and ADES, and the dreaded name
-Of DEMOGORGON; Rumor next and Chance,
-And Tumult and Confusion all imbroild,
-And Discord with a thousand various mouths.
-T' whom SATAN turning boldly, thus. Ye Powers
-And Spirits of this nethermost Abyss,
-CHAOS and ANCIENT NIGHT, I come no Spie,
-With purpose to explore or to disturb
-The secrets of your Realm, but by constraint
-Wandring this darksome desart, as my way
-Lies through your spacious Empire up to light,
-Alone, and without guide, half lost, I seek
-What readiest path leads where your gloomie bounds
-Confine with Heav'n; or if som other place
-From your Dominion won, th' Ethereal King
-Possesses lately, thither to arrive
-I travel this profound, direct my course;
-Directed, no mean recompence it brings
-To your behoof, if I that Region lost,
-All usurpation thence expell'd, reduce
-To her original darkness and your sway
-(Which is my present journey) and once more
-Erect the Standerd there of ANCIENT NIGHT;
-Yours be th' advantage all, mine the revenge.
-Thus SATAN; and him thus the Anarch old
-With faultring speech and visage incompos'd
-Answer'd. I know thee, stranger, who thou art,
-That mighty leading Angel, who of late
-Made head against Heav'ns King, though overthrown.
-I saw and heard, for such a numerous host
-Fled not in silence through the frighted deep
-With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout,
-Confusion worse confounded; and Heav'n Gates
-Pourd out by millions her victorious Bands
-Pursuing. I upon my Frontieres here
-Keep residence; if all I can will serve,
-That little which is left so to defend
-Encroacht on still through our intestine broiles
-Weakning the Scepter of old Night: first Hell
-Your dungeon stretching far and wide beneath;
-Now lately Heaven and Earth, another World
-Hung ore my Realm, link'd in a golden Chain
-To that side Heav'n from whence your Legions fell:
-If that way be your walk, you have not farr;
-So much the neerer danger; goe and speed;
-Havock and spoil and ruin are my gain.
-He ceas'd; and SATAN staid not to reply,
-But glad that now his Sea should find a shore,
-With fresh alacritie and force renew'd
-Springs upward like a Pyramid of fire
-Into the wilde expanse, and through the shock
-Of fighting Elements, on all sides round
-Environ'd wins his way; harder beset
-And more endanger'd, then when ARGO pass'd
-Through BOSPORUS betwixt the justling Rocks:
-Or when ULYSSES on the Larbord shunnd
-CHARYBDIS, and by th' other whirlpool steard.
-So he with difficulty and labour hard
-Mov'd on, with difficulty and labour hee;
-But hee once past, soon after when man fell,
-Strange alteration! Sin and Death amain
-Following his track, such was the will of Heav'n,
-Pav'd after him a broad and beat'n way
-Over the dark Abyss, whose boiling Gulf
-Tamely endur'd a Bridge of wondrous length
-From Hell continu'd reaching th' utmost Orbe
-Of this frail World; by which the Spirits perverse
-With easie intercourse pass to and fro
-To tempt or punish mortals, except whom
-God and good Angels guard by special grace.
-But now at last the sacred influence
-Of light appears, and from the walls of Heav'n
-Shoots farr into the bosom of dim Night
-A glimmering dawn; here Nature first begins
-Her fardest verge, and CHAOS to retire
-As from her outmost works a brok'n foe
-With tumult less and with less hostile din,
-That SATAN with less toil, and now with ease
-Wafts on the calmer wave by dubious light
-And like a weather-beaten Vessel holds
-Gladly the Port, though Shrouds and Tackle torn;
-Or in the emptier waste, resembling Air,
-Weighs his spread wings, at leasure to behold
-Farr off th' Empyreal Heav'n, extended wide
-In circuit, undetermind square or round,
-With Opal Towrs and Battlements adorn'd
-Of living Saphire, once his native Seat;
-And fast by hanging in a golden Chain
-This pendant world, in bigness as a Starr
-Of smallest Magnitude close by the Moon.
-Thither full fraught with mischievous revenge,
-Accurst, and in a cursed hour he hies.
-<img src=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/3/6/1/13619/13619-h/images/ljv5-5.jpg>
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+|style="color:#000;"| <div id="mp-tfa"><big>'''Central Intelligence Agency activities</big>'''<br>About 100 Links to Anarchopedia and Wikipedia pages on most of the 50 or so coups d'Ã©tat / attempts, all in one list<br>[[CIA activities]]<br>â€¢ [[Operation Gladio]] â€¢ [[List of military interventions by the US]] â€¢ [[Cold War covert overthrow of governments by the US]]<br>â€¢ [[Wikipedia:Operation Condor|Operation Condor]] â€¢ [[Post-Cold War covert regime change by the US]] and many others
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+! <h5 id="mp-dyk-h2" style="margin:0; background:black; text-align:left; color:white; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Such that you may know...</h5>
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+! <h5 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:0; background:black; text-align:left; color:white; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Editor's pick</h5>
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+|style="color:#000;"| <div id="mp-tfa">{{Anarchopedia:Featured article}}</div>
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+|-
+|[[File:GEV_snapshot.jpg|thumb|center|400px|[[Govardhan Eco Village]] panoramic view; as with almost all images everywhere on the web, and particularly on wikis, left click to view the original, larger version]]
+|-
+! <h5 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:0; background:black; text-align:left; color:white; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">History</h5>
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+|-
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Difference between revisions of "Main Page"

Latest revision as of 09:02, 24 February 2015

Anarchism

Message

Anarchopedia exclusive: CIA OPS

Current / recent eventsMake it happen. Or read this. Or wonder what happened

Citations

Such that you may know...

Editor's pick

Arrests of journalists

September 24 2011, New York City

October 1 2011, New York City

November 2 2011, Milwaukee

November 3 2011, Oakland

November 13 2011, Chapel Hill

November 15 2011, New York City

December 12 2011, New York

January 28 2012, Oakland

January 31 2012, Miami

Citizen journalism

References

External links

Pic pick

History

See also

Was, is, will be, or will be thrown into the Memory Hole by, the news

Drop weapon

Micronation diplomacy

References

The lie of WMDs in Iraq admitted

2011 Egyptian media censorship

2011 USA intervention in Haitian elections

Coalition to Save the Preserves

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