transhumanism - Revision history

94.39.238.199: interwiki

2011-04-09T13:03:48Z

interwiki

Beta M: Transhumanism moved to transhumanism: ll

2010-01-21T06:13:48Z

Transhumanism moved to transhumanism: ll

94.39.237.27: /* References */

2010-01-20T14:47:42Z

‎References

Esperanza: Reverted edits by AlterBot (Talk) to last version by Zazaban

2008-11-11T08:20:00Z

Reverted edits by AlterBot (Talk) to last version by Zazaban

AlterBot: Robot: Changing template: quotation

2008-11-11T08:11:22Z

Robot: Changing template: quotation

AlterBot: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{Main +{{main)

2008-11-06T22:58:13Z

Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{Main +{{main)

Zazaban: /* Currents */

2008-08-14T06:09:04Z

‎Currents

Zazaban: /* Currents */

2008-03-22T01:31:24Z

‎Currents

Zazaban: New page: ''Transhumanism''' (sometimes symbolized by '''>H''' or '''H+'''),{{cite website|title=Anders Transhuman Page: Acronyms|url=http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Words/acronyms.html}} a ter...

2007-12-30T01:41:13Z

New page: ''Transhumanism''' (sometimes symbolized by '''>H''' or '''H+'''),<ref>{{cite website|title=Anders Transhuman Page: Acronyms|url=http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Words/acronyms.html}}</ref> a ter...

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← Older revision		Revision as of 13:03, 9 April 2011
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	[[it:transumanesimo]]		[[it:transumanesimo]]
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← Older revision		Revision as of 14:47, 20 January 2010
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		+	[[it:transumanesimo]]

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 In 1986, [[K. Eric Drexler|Eric Drexler]] published ''[[Engines of Creation]]: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,''<ref name="Drexler 1986">Drexler 1986</ref> which discussed the prospects for [[nanotechnology]] and [[molecular assembler]]s, and founded the [[Foresight Institute]]. As the first non-profit organization to research, advocate for, and perform [[cryonics]], the Southern California offices of the [[Alcor Life Extension Foundation]] became a center for futurists. In 1988, during the rise of [[cyberculture]], philosopher [[Max More]] founded the [[Extropy Institute]] and, in 1990, was the main contributor to a formal transhumanist doctrine, which took the form of the ''Principles of Extropy.''<ref name="More 1990-2003">{{cite paper| author = [[Max More|More, Max]]| title = Principles of extropy| date = 1990â€“2003 | url = http://extropy.org/principles.htm| accessdate=2006-02-16}}</ref> In 1990, he laid the foundation of modern transhumanism by giving it a new definition:<ref name="More 1990">{{cite paper| author = [[Max More|More, Max]]| | title = Transhumanism: a futurist philosophy| date = 1990 | url = http://www.maxmore.com/transhum.htm| accessdate=2005-11-14}}</ref>
-{{quote|Transhumanism is a class of philosophies that seek to guide us towards a posthuman condition. Transhumanism shares many elements of humanism, including a respect for reason and science, a commitment to progress, and a valuing of human (or transhuman) existence in this life. [â€¦] Transhumanism differs from humanism in recognizing and anticipating the radical alterations in the nature and possibilities of our lives resulting from various sciences and technologies [â€¦].}}
+{{quotation|Transhumanism is a class of philosophies that seek to guide us towards a posthuman condition. Transhumanism shares many elements of humanism, including a respect for reason and science, a commitment to progress, and a valuing of human (or transhuman) existence in this life. [â€¦] Transhumanism differs from humanism in recognizing and anticipating the radical alterations in the nature and possibilities of our lives resulting from various sciences and technologies [â€¦].}}
 In 1998, philosophers [[Nick Bostrom]] and [[David Pearce (philosopher)|David Pearce]] founded the [[World Transhumanist Association]] (WTA), an international non-governnmental organization working toward the recognition of transhumanism as a legitimate subject of [[scientific inquiry]] and [[public policy]].<ref name="Hughes 2005">{{cite paper| author = Hughes, James| title = Report on the 2005 interests and beliefs survey of the members of the World Transhumanist Association| date = 2005 | url = http://transhumanism.org/resources/survey2005.pdf| accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> In 1999, the WTA drafted and adopted ''The Transhumanist Declaration''.<ref name="World Transhumanist Association 2002">{{cite paper|    author = [[World Transhumanist Association]]| title = The transhumanist declaration| date = 2002 | url = http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/faq21/79/| accessdate=2006-04-03}}</ref>   ''The Transhumanist FAQ'', prepared by the WTA, gave two formal definitions for transhumanism:<ref name="World Transhumanist Association 2002-2005">{{cite paper| author = [[World Transhumanist Association]]|    title = The transhumanist FAQ|    date = 2002â€“2005 | url = http://www.transhumanism.org/resources/FAQv21.pdf| accessdate=2006-08-27}}</ref>
-{{quote|
+{{quotation|
 # The intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally improving the human condition through applied reason, especially by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities.
 # The study of the ramifications, promises, and potential dangers of technologies that will enable us to overcome fundamental human limitations, and the related study of the ethical matters involved in developing and using such technologies.}}
@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ===Technologies of interest===
-{{main|Human enhancement technologies}}
+{{Main|Human enhancement technologies}}
 [[Image:Converging technologies.png|thumb|173px|right|[http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/''Converging Technologies''], a 2002 report exploring the potential for synergy among nano-, bio-, info- and cogno-technologies, has become a landmark in near-future technological speculation.]]
 Transhumanists support the [[emerging technologies|emergence]] and [[converging technologies|convergence]] of technologies such as [[nanotechnology]], [[biotechnology]], [[information technology]] and [[cognitive science]] ([[NBIC]]), and hypothetical future technologies such as [[simulated reality]], [[artificial intelligence]], [[mind uploading]], and [[cryonics]]. They believe that humans can and should use these technologies to become [[superhuman|more than human]].<ref name="Naam 2005">{{cite book|   author = [[Ramez Naam|Naam, Ramez]]|   title = More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement|   date = 2005|   publisher = Broadway Books|   id = ISBN 0-7679-1843-6|   url = http://www.morethanhuman.org/}}</ref>  They therefore support the recognition and/or protection of [[cognitive liberty]], [[morphological freedom]], and [[procreative liberty]] as [[civil liberties]], so as to guarantee individuals the choice of using [[human enhancement technologies]] on themselves and their children.<ref name="Sandberg 2001">{{cite paper|   author = [[Anders Sandberg|Sandberg, Anders]]|   title= Morphological freedom -- why we not just want it, but ''need'' it|   date = 2001 | url=http://www.nada.kth.se/~asa/Texts/MorphologicalFreedom.htm| accessdate=2006-02-21}}</ref> Some speculate that human enhancement techniques and other emerging technologies may facilitate more radical human enhancement by the midpoint of the [[21st century]].<ref name="Kurzweil 2005">{{cite book| author = [[Raymond Kurzweil|Kurzweil, Raymond]]| title = [[The Singularity Is Near|The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology]] | publisher = Viking Adult| year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-670-03384-7}}</ref>

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 In 1986, [[K. Eric Drexler|Eric Drexler]] published ''[[Engines of Creation]]: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology,''<ref name="Drexler 1986">Drexler 1986</ref> which discussed the prospects for [[nanotechnology]] and [[molecular assembler]]s, and founded the [[Foresight Institute]]. As the first non-profit organization to research, advocate for, and perform [[cryonics]], the Southern California offices of the [[Alcor Life Extension Foundation]] became a center for futurists. In 1988, during the rise of [[cyberculture]], philosopher [[Max More]] founded the [[Extropy Institute]] and, in 1990, was the main contributor to a formal transhumanist doctrine, which took the form of the ''Principles of Extropy.''<ref name="More 1990-2003">{{cite paper| author = [[Max More|More, Max]]| title = Principles of extropy| date = 1990â€“2003 | url = http://extropy.org/principles.htm| accessdate=2006-02-16}}</ref> In 1990, he laid the foundation of modern transhumanism by giving it a new definition:<ref name="More 1990">{{cite paper| author = [[Max More|More, Max]]| | title = Transhumanism: a futurist philosophy| date = 1990 | url = http://www.maxmore.com/transhum.htm| accessdate=2005-11-14}}</ref>
-{{quotation|Transhumanism is a class of philosophies that seek to guide us towards a posthuman condition. Transhumanism shares many elements of humanism, including a respect for reason and science, a commitment to progress, and a valuing of human (or transhuman) existence in this life. [â€¦] Transhumanism differs from humanism in recognizing and anticipating the radical alterations in the nature and possibilities of our lives resulting from various sciences and technologies [â€¦].}}
+{{quote|Transhumanism is a class of philosophies that seek to guide us towards a posthuman condition. Transhumanism shares many elements of humanism, including a respect for reason and science, a commitment to progress, and a valuing of human (or transhuman) existence in this life. [â€¦] Transhumanism differs from humanism in recognizing and anticipating the radical alterations in the nature and possibilities of our lives resulting from various sciences and technologies [â€¦].}}
 In 1998, philosophers [[Nick Bostrom]] and [[David Pearce (philosopher)|David Pearce]] founded the [[World Transhumanist Association]] (WTA), an international non-governnmental organization working toward the recognition of transhumanism as a legitimate subject of [[scientific inquiry]] and [[public policy]].<ref name="Hughes 2005">{{cite paper| author = Hughes, James| title = Report on the 2005 interests and beliefs survey of the members of the World Transhumanist Association| date = 2005 | url = http://transhumanism.org/resources/survey2005.pdf| accessdate=2006-02-26}}</ref> In 1999, the WTA drafted and adopted ''The Transhumanist Declaration''.<ref name="World Transhumanist Association 2002">{{cite paper|    author = [[World Transhumanist Association]]| title = The transhumanist declaration| date = 2002 | url = http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/faq21/79/| accessdate=2006-04-03}}</ref>   ''The Transhumanist FAQ'', prepared by the WTA, gave two formal definitions for transhumanism:<ref name="World Transhumanist Association 2002-2005">{{cite paper| author = [[World Transhumanist Association]]|    title = The transhumanist FAQ|    date = 2002â€“2005 | url = http://www.transhumanism.org/resources/FAQv21.pdf| accessdate=2006-08-27}}</ref>
-{{quotation|
+{{quote|
 # The intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally improving the human condition through applied reason, especially by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities.
 # The study of the ramifications, promises, and potential dangers of technologies that will enable us to overcome fundamental human limitations, and the related study of the ethical matters involved in developing and using such technologies.}}

@@ Line 74: / Line 74: @@
 ===Technologies of interest===
-{{Main|Human enhancement technologies}}
+{{main|Human enhancement technologies}}
 [[Image:Converging technologies.png|thumb|173px|right|[http://www.wtec.org/ConvergingTechnologies/''Converging Technologies''], a 2002 report exploring the potential for synergy among nano-, bio-, info- and cogno-technologies, has become a landmark in near-future technological speculation.]]
 Transhumanists support the [[emerging technologies|emergence]] and [[converging technologies|convergence]] of technologies such as [[nanotechnology]], [[biotechnology]], [[information technology]] and [[cognitive science]] ([[NBIC]]), and hypothetical future technologies such as [[simulated reality]], [[artificial intelligence]], [[mind uploading]], and [[cryonics]]. They believe that humans can and should use these technologies to become [[superhuman|more than human]].<ref name="Naam 2005">{{cite book|   author = [[Ramez Naam|Naam, Ramez]]|   title = More Than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement|   date = 2005|   publisher = Broadway Books|   id = ISBN 0-7679-1843-6|   url = http://www.morethanhuman.org/}}</ref>  They therefore support the recognition and/or protection of [[cognitive liberty]], [[morphological freedom]], and [[procreative liberty]] as [[civil liberties]], so as to guarantee individuals the choice of using [[human enhancement technologies]] on themselves and their children.<ref name="Sandberg 2001">{{cite paper|   author = [[Anders Sandberg|Sandberg, Anders]]|   title= Morphological freedom -- why we not just want it, but ''need'' it|   date = 2001 | url=http://www.nada.kth.se/~asa/Texts/MorphologicalFreedom.htm| accessdate=2006-02-21}}</ref> Some speculate that human enhancement techniques and other emerging technologies may facilitate more radical human enhancement by the midpoint of the [[21st century]].<ref name="Kurzweil 2005">{{cite book| author = [[Raymond Kurzweil|Kurzweil, Raymond]]| title = [[The Singularity Is Near|The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology]] | publisher = Viking Adult| year = 2005 | id = ISBN 0-670-03384-7}}</ref>

← Older revision	Revision as of 06:13, 21 January 2010
(No difference)

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 There is a variety of opinion within transhumanist thought. Many of the leading transhumanist thinkers hold views that are under constant revision and development.<ref name="WTA FAQ 5.2">{{cite paper|    author = [[World Transhumanist Association]]|    title = What currents are there within transhumanism?|    date = 2002â€“2005 |      url = http://www.transhumanism.org/index.php/WTA/faq21/81/| accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> Some distinctive currents of transhumanism are identified and listed here in alphabetical order:
-* Anarcho-transhumanism, a political philosophy synthesizing [[anarchism]] and transhumanism.
+*[[Anarcho-transhumanism]], a political philosophy synthesizing [[anarchism]] and transhumanism.
 *[[Abolitionism (bioethics)|Abolitionism]], an ethical philosophy based upon a perceived obligation to use technology to eliminate involuntary [[suffering]] in all sentient life.<ref>{{cite web | title = Abolitionism | url = http://www.abolitionist-society.com/abolitionism.htm | author = The Abolitionist Society | accessdate = 2007-01-03 }}</ref>
 *[[Democratic transhumanism]], a political philosophy synthesizing [[liberal democracy]], [[social democracy]], [[radical democracy]] and transhumanism.<ref name="Hughes A2002">{{cite paper|    author = Hughes, James|    title = Democratic Transhumanism 2.0|    date = 2002 |   url = http://www.changesurfer.com/Acad/DemocraticTranshumanism.htm| accessdate=2007-01-26}}</ref>