Lev Chernyi - Revision history

MrDog: Reverted edits by Avumote (Talk) to last version by Esperanza

2010-11-18T22:37:08Z

Reverted edits by Avumote (Talk) to last version by Esperanza

Douche at 23:02, 17 November 2010

2010-11-17T23:02:02Z

Esperanza at 11:07, 1 October 2008

2008-10-01T11:07:37Z

Esperanza at 11:06, 1 October 2008

2008-10-01T11:06:56Z

Esperanza: New page: {{distinguish2|Jason McQuinn, an American anarchist who wrote under the pseudonym "Lev Chernyi" during the 1980s}} '''Pável Dimítrievich Turchanínov''' (died September 21, [[19...

2008-10-01T11:06:41Z

New page: {{distinguish2|Jason McQuinn, an American anarchist who wrote under the pseudonym "Lev Chernyi" during the 1980s}} '''Pável Dimítrievich Turchanínov''' (died September 21, [[19...

New page

{{distinguish2|[[Jason McQuinn]], an American anarchist who wrote under the pseudonym "Lev Chernyi" during the 1980s}}

'''PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov''' (died [[September 21]], [[1921]]), known by the pseudonym '''Lev Chernyi''', was a [[Russia]]n [[anarchist]] theorist, activist and [[poet]], and a leading figure of the [[Third Russian Revolution]].<ref name=match>{{cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Terry |year=1984 |month=Fall |journal=[[The Match!]] |url=http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ChernyiLev.htm |issue=79 |accessdate=2008-03-10 |title=Lev Chernyi }}</ref> His early thought was [[individualist anarchism|individualist]], rejecting [[anarcho-communism]] as a threat to individual liberty. In 1917, Chernyi was released from his [[political prisoner|political imprisonment]] by the [[Imperial Russia]]n regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in [[Anarchism in Russia|Russian anarchism]]. After strongly denouncing the new [[Bolshevik]] government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the [[Cheka]] on a charge of [[counterfeiting]] and in 1921 was executed without trial.

==Early life, philosophy and imprisonment==
Chernyi was born PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov to an army [[colonel]] father.<ref name=Avrich180>Avrich (2006), p.180</ref> A "dÃ©classÃ© intellectual" whom anarchist historian [[Paul Avrich]] compares with [[Volin]], Chernyi advocated a [[Nietzschean]] [[transvaluation of values|overthrow of the values]] of bourgeois Russian society, and rejected the voluntary [[Mir (social)|communes]] of [[anarcho-communist]] [[Peter Kropotkin]] as a threat to the freedom of the individual.<ref>Avrich (2006), p.254</ref><ref name=Avrich180/><ref name=aa/> Chernyi advocated the "free association of independent individuals" in a book titled ''Associational Anarchism'' and published in 1907.<ref name=aa>{{cite book |last=Chernyi |first=Lev |title=Novoe Napravlenie v Anarkhizme: Asosiatsionnii Anarkhism |origyear=1907 |edition=Moscow; 2nd ed. |year=1923 |publisher=New York }}</ref> Scholars including Avrich and Allan Antliff have interpreted this vision of society to have been greatly influenced by the [[individualist anarchist]]s [[Max Stirner]], and [[Benjamin Tucker]].<ref name=sub/> Subsequent to the book's publication, Chernyi was imprisoned in [[Siberia]] under the Russian [[Czar]]ist regime for his revolutionary activities.<ref name=match/>

==Return to Moscow and opposition to the Bolsheviks==
On his return from Siberia in 1917, Chernyi enjoyed great popularity among [[Moscow]] workers as a [[lecturer]], and was at this time one of Russia's leading individualist anarchists<ref name=Avrich180/> and one of anarchism's main ideologues.<ref name=cooke>{{cite book |last=Cooke |first=Catherine |coauthors=Leach, Neil (ed.) |chapter=Alexei Gan and the Moscow Anarchists |title=Architecture and Revolution |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=1999 |isbn=0415139147 |pages=25-37 }}</ref> He was the [[Secretary]] and leading theorist of the [[Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups]], which was formed in March 1917 after the abdication of Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and was primarily concerned with disseminating [[propaganda]] to Moscow's poorer classes.<ref name=sub>{{cite journal |last=Antliff |first=Allan |year=2007 |title=Anarchy, Power, and Poststructuralism |journal=SubStance |volume=36 |issue=113 |pages=56â€“66 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/substance/v036/36.2antliff.pdf |accessdate=2008-03-10 |doi=10.1353/sub.2007.0026}}</ref><ref name=Avrich180/>

A personal acquaintance of [[Lev Kamenev]] and other leading [[Bolsheviks]], Chernyi denounced the nascent [[Soviet Union]] at a rally on [[March 5]], [[1918]], declaring that for anarchists, the socialist state was as much an enemy as its bourgeois predecessor and promising to "paralyze the governmental mechanism".<ref name=cooke/> A vociferous advocate of seizing private homes,<ref name=Avrich180/> Chernyi agitated against the state in the pages of ''[[Anarkhiia]]'', the anarchist weekly newspaper, proposing increasingly detailed means of decentralized production and "complete absence of internal power structures".<ref name=cooke/> In the Spring of 1918, the anarchist groups within the Moscow Federation, formed armed detachments in reaction to the growing repression of all resistance and free expression.<ref name=match/> These were the [[Black Guards]], precursors to the anarchist [[The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine|Black Army]] which fought the Bolsheviks in the [[Russian Civil War]]. On the night of [[April 11]], the [[Cheka]] (Soviet [[secret police]]) raided a building occupied by the Moscow Federation, with the official aim of arresting and charging "robber bands" in the anarchist ranks.<ref name=sub/> They were met with armed resistance by the Black Guards and in the ensuing battle, approximately forty anarchists were killed or wounded and about five hundred were imprisoned.<ref name=match/>

==Arrest and execution==
[[Image:Bucharin.bra.jpg|thumb|right|Eminent Bolshevik [[Nikolai Bukharin]], who was wounded in the anarchist attack on the Moscow Communist Party headquarters for which Chernyi was framed and shot without trial.]]
Having helped establish an underground group in 1918, Chernyi joined another group called the [[Underground Anarchists]] the following year.<ref name=Avrich188>Avrich (2006), p.188</ref> The organization, which had been founded by Kazimir Kovalevich and Piotr Sobalev, published two issues of an incendiary [[broadsheet]] denouncing the [[Communist]] [[dictatorship]] as the worst [[tyranny]] in human history.<ref name=match/> On [[September 25]], [[1919]], together with a number of leftist social revolutionaries, the Underground Anarchists bombed the headquarters of the Moscow Committee of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] during a [[plenary meeting]]. Twelve Communists were killed and fifty-five others were wounded, including eminent Bolshevik theorist and ''[[Pravda]]'' editor [[Nikolai Bukharin]].<ref name=Avrich188/> Chernyi was detained along with [[Fanya Baron]] on a [[counterfeiting]] charge.<ref>{{cite book |last=Polenberg |first=Richard |title=Fighting Faiths: the Abrams Case, the Supreme Court and Free Speech |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |location=Ithaca |year=1999 |isbn=0801486181 |pages=350}}</ref> In August 1921, the Moscow ''[[Izvestia]]'' published an official report announcing that ten "anarchist bandits", among them Chernyi, had been shot without hearing or [[trial (law)|trial]]. However, historian of anarchism [[Paul Avrich]] contends that Chernyi was executed in September of that year rather than August.<ref name=match/> Although he was not personally involved in the bombing of the Communist Party headquarters, Chernyi was, because of his association with the Underground Anarchists, a likely candidate for a [[frameup]]. The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial, and rumors persisted that he had in fact died of [[torture]].<ref name=match/>

==See also==
* [[List of anarchist poets]]

==Footnotes==
{{refs}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Avrich |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Avrich |title=The Russian Anarchists |publisher=[[AK Press]] |location=Stirling |year=2006 |isbn=1904859488 }}
{{Wikipedia}}


{{BD|unknown|1921|Chernyi, Lev}}
[[Category:Anarchism theorists]]
[[Category:Anarchist poets]]
[[Category:Individualist anarchists]]
[[Category:Russian anarchists]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov''' (died [[September 21]], [[1921]]), known by the pseudonym '''Lev Chernyi''', was a [[Russia]]n [[anarchist]] theorist, activist and [[poet]], and a leading figure of the [[Third Russian Revolution]].<ref name=match>{{cite journal |last=Phillips |first=Terry |year=1984 |month=Fall |journal=[[The Match!]] |url=http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ChernyiLev.htm |issue=79 |accessdate=2008-03-10 |title=Lev Chernyi }}</ref> His early thought was [[individualist anarchism|individualist]], rejecting [[anarcho-communism]] as a threat to individual liberty. In 1917, Chernyi was released from his [[political prisoner|political imprisonment]] by the [[Imperial Russia]]n regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in [[Anarchism in Russia|Russian anarchism]]. After strongly denouncing the new [[Bolshevik]] government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the [[Cheka]] on a charge of [[counterfeiting]] and in 1921 was executed without trial.
->==Early life, philosophy and imprisonment==
+==Early life, philosophy and imprisonment==
-Chernyi was born PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov to an army [[colonel]] father.&lt;ref name=Avrich180&gt;Avrich (2006), p.180&lt;/ref&gt; A &quot;dÃ©classÃ© intellectual&quot; whom anarchist historian [[Paul Avrich]] compares with [[Volin]], Chernyi advocated a [[Nietzschean]] [[transvaluation of values|overthrow of the values]] of bourgeois Russian society, and rejected the voluntary [[Mir (social)|communes]] of [[anarcho-communist]] [[Peter Kropotkin]] as a threat to the freedom of the individual.&lt;ref&gt;Avrich (2006), p.254&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Avrich180/&gt;&lt;ref name=aa/&gt; Chernyi advocated the &quot;free association of independent individuals&quot; in a book titled ''Associational Anarchism'' and published in 1907.&lt;ref name=aa&gt;{{cite book |last=Chernyi |first=Lev |title=Novoe Napravlenie v Anarkhizme: Asosiatsionnii Anarkhism |origyear=1907 |edition=Moscow; 2nd ed. |year=1923 |publisher=New York }}&lt;/ref&gt; Scholars including Avrich and Allan Antliff have interpreted this vision of society to have been greatly influenced by the [[individualist anarchist]]s [[Max Stirner]], and [[Benjamin Tucker]].&lt;ref name=sub/&gt; Subsequent to the book's publication, Chernyi was imprisoned in [[Siberia]] under the Russian [[Czar]]ist regime for his revolutionary activities.&lt;ref name=match/&gt;
+Chernyi was born PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov to an army [[colonel]] father.<ref name=Avrich180>Avrich (2006), p.180</ref> A "dÃ©classÃ© intellectual" whom anarchist historian [[Paul Avrich]] compares with [[Volin]], Chernyi advocated a [[Nietzschean]] [[transvaluation of values|overthrow of the values]] of bourgeois Russian society, and rejected the voluntary [[Mir (social)|communes]] of [[anarcho-communist]] [[Peter Kropotkin]] as a threat to the freedom of the individual.<ref>Avrich (2006), p.254</ref><ref name=Avrich180/><ref name=aa/> Chernyi advocated the "free association of independent individuals" in a book titled ''Associational Anarchism'' and published in 1907.<ref name=aa>{{cite book |last=Chernyi |first=Lev |title=Novoe Napravlenie v Anarkhizme: Asosiatsionnii Anarkhism |origyear=1907 |edition=Moscow; 2nd ed. |year=1923 |publisher=New York }}</ref> Scholars including Avrich and Allan Antliff have interpreted this vision of society to have been greatly influenced by the [[individualist anarchist]]s [[Max Stirner]], and [[Benjamin Tucker]].<ref name=sub/> Subsequent to the book's publication, Chernyi was imprisoned in [[Siberia]] under the Russian [[Czar]]ist regime for his revolutionary activities.<ref name=match/>
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 ==Return to Moscow and opposition to the Bolsheviks==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 1 October 2008
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−	~~{{distinguish2\|[[Jason McQuinn]], an American anarchist who wrote under the pseudonym "Lev Chernyi" during the 1980s}}~~
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	'''PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov''' (died [[September 21]], [[1921]]), known by the pseudonym '''Lev Chernyi''', was a [[Russia]]n [[anarchist]] theorist, activist and [[poet]], and a leading figure of the [[Third Russian Revolution]].<ref name=match>{{cite journal \|last=Phillips \|first=Terry \|year=1984 \|month=Fall \|journal=[[The Match!]] \|url=http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ChernyiLev.htm \|issue=79 \|accessdate=2008-03-10 \|title=Lev Chernyi }}</ref> His early thought was [[individualist anarchism\|individualist]], rejecting [[anarcho-communism]] as a threat to individual liberty. In 1917, Chernyi was released from his [[political prisoner\|political imprisonment]] by the [[Imperial Russia]]n regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in [[Anarchism in Russia\|Russian anarchism]]. After strongly denouncing the new [[Bolshevik]] government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the [[Cheka]] on a charge of [[counterfeiting]] and in 1921 was executed without trial.		'''PÃ¡vel DimÃtrievich TurchanÃnov''' (died [[September 21]], [[1921]]), known by the pseudonym '''Lev Chernyi''', was a [[Russia]]n [[anarchist]] theorist, activist and [[poet]], and a leading figure of the [[Third Russian Revolution]].<ref name=match>{{cite journal \|last=Phillips \|first=Terry \|year=1984 \|month=Fall \|journal=[[The Match!]] \|url=http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ChernyiLev.htm \|issue=79 \|accessdate=2008-03-10 \|title=Lev Chernyi }}</ref> His early thought was [[individualist anarchism\|individualist]], rejecting [[anarcho-communism]] as a threat to individual liberty. In 1917, Chernyi was released from his [[political prisoner\|political imprisonment]] by the [[Imperial Russia]]n regime, and swiftly became one of the leading figures in [[Anarchism in Russia\|Russian anarchism]]. After strongly denouncing the new [[Bolshevik]] government in various anarchist publications and joining several underground resistance movements, Chernyi was arrested by the [[Cheka]] on a charge of [[counterfeiting]] and in 1921 was executed without trial.

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 <!--Categories-->
 [[Category:Anarchism theorists]]
 [[Category:Anarchist poets]]
 [[Category:Individualist anarchists]]
 [[Category:Russian anarchists]]