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2024-03-28T11:14:59Z
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http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Boy_Overboard&diff=58157
Boy Overboard
2015-11-25T09:14:15Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div><!--{{infobox Book |<br />
| name = Boy Overboard<br />
| title_orig = <br />
| translator = <br />
| image = [[Image:boyoverboard.jpg|200px]] <br />
| image_caption = The first edition of ''Boy Overboard''.<br />
| author = [[Wikipedia:Morris Gleitzman]]<br />
| cover_artist = <br />
| country = {{AUS}}<br />
| language = [[Wikipedia:English language|English]]<br />
| series = <br />
| genre = <br />
| publisher = [[Wikipedia:Puffin]]<br />
| release_date = [[Wikipedia:2002]]<br />
| media_type = Print ([[Wikipedia:Hardback]] and [[Wikipedia:Paperback]])<br />
| pages = <br />
| isbn = <br />
| preceded_by = <br />
| followed_by = [[Wikipedia:Girl Underground]]<br />
| last_book = <br />
}}--><br />
{{WP DWD}}<br />
[[File:boyoverboard.jpg|thumb|300px|Cover of the 2002 Puffin edition]] <br />
'''''Boy Overboard''''' is the first novel in the Boy and Girl series written by [[Wikipedia:Morris Gleitzman]] featuring the fictional character Jamal Houssini, a young [[Wikipedia:refugee]] from [[Afghanistan]]. It was published [[Wikipedia:2002]] by [[Wikipedia:Puffin]] in [[Wikipedia:Australia]], the book tells the story of young Jamal, his sister Bibi and their parents' long journey to [[Wikipedia:Australia]]. The name originates from the [[Wikipedia:Children Overboard Affair|children overboard incident]] that occurred near [[Wikipedia:Australia]]. It has also been adapted into a play. <br />
<br />
== Main characters ==<br />
'''Jamal Houssini''' (also known as '''Jamal''') is the main [[Wikipedia:protagonist]]. Jamal Houssini was born to Mohammed and Fatima Houssini, a poor family of a [[Wikipedia:taxicab driver|taxi driver]] and an illegal [[Wikipedia:school teacher]] respectively. He lives in Afghanistan with his parents and his sister but flee due to illegal schooling. Heroic, quick thinking, fiercely determined, naive and loyal. Jamal enjoys [[Wikipedia:soccer]] and hopes one day to win the [[World Cup]] for [[Wikipedia:Afghanistan]]. On the voyage to Australia he develops a liking for Rashida. <br />
<br />
'''Bibi Houssini''' - Bibi Houssini (also known as Bibi) is the second protagonist of Morris Gleitzman's Boy Overboard. She lives in Afghanistan with her parents and her brother, Jamal. Feisty, rude, unwilling and rule breaking. Bibi, alongside her brother enjoys soccer and hopes to be at his side when he wins the [[Wikipedia:FIFA World Cup|World Cup]]. She builds a friendship with Omar on the journey. Bibi Houssini was born to Mohammed and Fatima Houssini, and was born two years after Jamal. Her parents were taxi drivers and school teachers respectively.<br />
There were war in Afghanistan so they have to leave the country and go to Australia.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
Jamal and his sister dreams of becoming a world famous soccer player playing for the Afghanistan national team. However this dream is cut short when he and his family are forced to flee the country because his mother and father have been caught running an illegal school. To escape the government Jamal, Bibi and their parents flee to Australia. In doing so, they face smugglers, pirates, crooked police and Australian Naval Forces along the way. During their journey to Australia, Jamal and Bibi become separated from their parents and are forced to fend for themselves, in the hope that they will one day see their parents again.<br />
<br />
== Sequel ==<br />
There is a sequel to Boy Overboard, entitled [[Girl Underground]].<br />
It is about a young girl called Bridget, with her friend, Menzies, who try to free Jamal and Bibi from a detention center.<br />
<br />
== Citations ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.morrisgleitzman.com/ Morris Gleitzman Website]<br />
*[http://www.morrisgleitzman.com/books/fst_intro_bo.html Boy Overboard Website]<br />
*[http://www.penguin.com.au/PUFFin/notes/pdf/0141308389.pdf Boy Overboard - teachers' study guide]<br />
[[Category:2004 novels]][[Category:Children's novels]][[Category:Black comedy books]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Mass_killings_under_capitalist_regimes&diff=58146
Mass killings under capitalist regimes
2015-11-15T09:22:57Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58145 by 74.140.242.238 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WP+DEL|Mass killings under Capitalist regimes}}<br />
'''Mass killings''' of non-combatants have occurred under several forms of government, including [[capitalism|capitalist]] ones. This article describes the best known examples of those mass killings, including both those that were intentionally carried out by capitalist governments and those where mass death occurred as a result of government policy, but whose intentionality is disputed. Though this article is limited to deaths under regimes labeled as capitalist, the influence of [[capitalist]] ideology in many of these events is disputed.<br />
<br />
This article, among other things, addresses the myth popular in right wing circles that capitalist countries do not make war amongst each other, or perform mass killings. Only the ill-informed (no offense, and you probably are not a pundit that goes around saying such things loudly) or liars could possibly make such preposterous claims.<br />
<br />
[[File:Pine Ridge - Osawatomie 2.JPG|thumb|400px|Article from Osawatomie (n°2), the clandestine newspaper edited by the [[Weather Underground]], concerning the events in Pine Ridge. The same year, [[Leonard Peltier]] was arrested there. Spring 1975]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= States where mass killings have occurred =<br />
<br />
[[File:Genocide Victims Rwanda Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|300px|Mass Grave Memorial in Southern Rwanda, near Bukavu, returns the Genocide of 1994 to mind]]<br />
* [[Anti-communist mass killings]] for mass killings directed against communists and others on the left<br />
<br />
<br />
== Africa ==<br />
===German South-West Africa===<br />
Before it was Namibia<br />
* [[Herero and Namaqua Genocide]] in [[German South-West Africa]]<br />
The colonial wars between German troups and the people of the Herero and Nama in German Southwest Africa between 1904 and 1908, genocide by the German colonial power<br />
<br />
=== Rwanda ===<br />
<br />
* [[Rwanda genocide]]<br />
<br />
== Europe ==<br />
[[File:Armeniagen6a.jpg|thumb|300px|After the 1918 Armistice, Armenians who were massacred on February 28, 1919 in Aleppo, were laid out in front of the Armenian Relief Hospital. (The Independent, March 27, 1920). Images of Murder Captured by a courageous German medic (Experience of an Eight-Year-Old: Center for Holocaust & Genocide Studies: University of Minnesota)]]<br />
<br />
== Armenia ==<br />
* [[Armenian genocide]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Bosnia ==<br />
[[File:ICMP-PIP.jpg|thumb|300px|left|ICMP's Podrinje Identification Project (PIP) was formed to deal with the identification primarily of victims of 1995 Srebrenica massacre. PIP includes a facility for storing, processing, and handling exhumed remains. Much of the remains are only fragments or commingled body fragments since they were recovered from secondary mass graves. The photo depicts one section of the refrigerated mortuary]]<br />
The term '''Bosnian Genocide''' refers to either [[Srebrenica massacre|the genocide]] committed by [[Bosnian Serb]] forces in [[Srebrenica]] in 1995 or the [[Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia|ethnic cleansing campaign]] that took place throughout areas controlled by the [[Bosnian Serb Army]] during the 1992–1995 [[war in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian War]].<ref>John Richard Thackrah (2008). '''The Routledge companion to military conflict since 1945'', Routledge Companions Series, Taylor & Francis, 2008, ISBN 0-415-36354-3, ISBN 978-0-415-36354-9. [http://books.google.com/books?id=IwQa3JwHtiIC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Bosnian+Genocide%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=2008&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=0&cd=5#v=onepage&q=%22Bosnian%20Genocide%22&f=false pp. 81,82] "Bosnian genocide can mean either the genocide committed by the Serb forces in Srebrenica in 1995 or the ethnic cleansing during the 1992–95 Bosnian War"</ref> <br />
* [[Srebrenica massacre]]<br />
* [[Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Germany under the Nazis ===<br />
Scholars are divided over whether [[Nazism]] was capitalist, for exactly the reason that the focus of this article is anathema to them. There is a little evidence that they were capitalist, and less that they were not, and none at all that they were anything else. Evidence in Hitler's speeches of both anti-capitalist and anti-communist rhetoric is found in the context of these capitalist nations also being his current adversaries in politics and his future opponents in already planned wars of conquest. Communism and anti-capitalism were at their most popular at the time, and the Nazi Party, eager for converts, planned their speeches accordingly.<br />
<br />
Less importantly, it was unequivocally anti-communist. For example, the [[Reichstag Fire]], which convinced many to grant then-Chancellor Hitler emergency powers, was loudly blamed by the Nazi Party on communist elements, although this was never proved.<br />
<br />
Most convincing is the economic practices of Nazi Germany; capitalist enterprise survived the coup largely intact, and in fact with a certain degree of autonomy.<br />
<br />
==== Ideology ====<br />
It is doubtful whether the libertarian elements of capitalism per se have anything to do with the genocide that occurred under the Nazis, but most certainly capitalism relies for its acceptance of inequality of resource distribution on the concept of more capable individuals being heir to rights that supersede those of other less talented individuals (less talented being defined by their ability to operate within the capitalist system itself). Those who stress the competition of economic forces are said to believe in [[Social Darwinism]]; Hitler believed that races similarly compete. Without the belief in the right of self defense and self interest, much touted by capitalist systems without any other reason being given, one has to either compartmentalize or can not also believe that the interest of one individual or nation can supersede another's. The Nazi ideology of the [[Master Race]] purported to give the German people the right to administer a world populated with lesser races.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Economic practice ====<br />
''See Main article [[Economy of Nazi Germany]]''<br />
<br />
The Nazis viewed private property rights as conditional upon the mode of use.<ref name="economic573">{{citation |author=Peter Temin |title=<br />
|journal=Economic History Review, New Series |volume=44, No.4 |pages=573–593 |date=November 1991}}</ref> If the property was not being used to further Nazi goals, it could be nationalized. Government takeovers and threats of takeovers were used to encourage compliance with government production plans, even if following these plans cost profits for companies. For example, the owner of the [[Junkers (aircraft)]] factory refused to follow the government’s directives, whereupon the Nazis took over the plant, placed the owner [[Hugo Junkers]] under house arrest, then compensated him for his loss. While the Nazis transferred public ownership and services in the private spector, they increased state control, regulation, and inference in economic affairs.<ref>Guillebaud, Claude W. 1939. The Economic Recovery of Germany 1933-1938. London: MacMillan and Co. Limited</ref> Under the Nazis, free competition and regulation by the market greatly decreased.<ref>Barkai, Avaraham 1990. ''Nazi Economics. Ideology, Theory and Policy.'' Oxford Berg Publisher.</ref> Nevertheless, Hitler's social Darwinist beliefs made him reluctant to disregard competition and private property.<ref>Hayes, Peter. 1987 ''Industry and Ideology IG Farben in the Nazi Era.'' Cambridge University Press</ref> Privately, Hitler stated in 1942, “I absolutely insist on protecting private property… we must encourage private initiativeâ€.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hitler |first=A. |coauthors=transl. Norman Cameron, R. H. Stevens; intro. H. R. Trevor-Roper |title=Hitler’s Table Talk, 1941–1944: His Private Conversations |publisher=Enigma Books |year=2000 |isbn=1929631057 |pages=pp.162–163 |chapter=March 24, 1942 }}</ref><br />
<br />
Internationally, the Nazi Party believed that an [[international banking]] [[cabal]] was behind the global depression of the 1930s. Control of this cabal, which had grown to a position where it controlled both Europe and the United States, was identified with an elite and powerful group of Jews. Nevertheless, a number of people believed that this was part of an ongoing plot by the Jewish people, as a whole, to achieve [[New World Order (conspiracy)|global domination]]. The counterfeit [[Protocols of the Elders of Zion]], which began its circulation in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, were said to have confirmed this, already showing “evidence†that the Bolshevik takeover in Russia was in accordance with one of the protocols. <br />
<br />
Broadly speaking, the existence of large international [[banking]] or merchant banking organizations was a matter of political dissent worldwide at this time. Many of these banking organizations were able to exert influence upon nation states by extension or withholding of credit. This influence is not limited to the small states that preceded the creation of the [[German Empire]] as a [[nation state]] in the 1870s, but is noted in most major histories of all [[Europe]]an powers from the sixteenth century onward. Nevertheless, after the [[Great Depression]], the libelous and unverified ''Protocols'' manuscript took on an important role in Nazi Germany, thus providing another link in the Nazis ideological motivation for the destruction of that group in the Holocaust.<br />
<br />
Nazi economic practice concerned itself with immediate domestic issues and separately with ideological conceptions of [[international trade|international economics]]. Domestic economic policy had four major goals: elimination of unemployment, rapid and substantial [[German re-armament|rearmament]], protection against the resurgence of hyper-inflation, and expansion of production of consumer goods to improve middle and lower-class living standards. Heavy taxes on business profits were implemented. Between 1933 and 1936 the German Gross National Product ([[Measures of national income|GNP]]) increased by an average annual rate of 9.5%, and the rate for industry alone rose by 17.2%.<br />
<br />
Many companies dealt with the Third Reich: [[Volkswagen]] was created by the German state and was heavily supported by the Nazis; [[Opel]] employed Jewish slave labour to run their industrial plants; Daimler-Benz used prisoners of war as slaves to run their industrial plants; [[Krupp]] made gas chambers; [[Bayer]] worked with the Nazis as a small part of the enormous [[IG Farben]] chemistry monopoly; and [[Hugo Boss]] designed the SS uniforms (and admitted to this in 1997). There has been some disagreement about whether [[IBM]] had dealt with the Nazis to create a cataloguing system, the Hollerith punch-card machines, which the Nazis used to file information on those who they killed.<ref>[http://news.com.com/Probing+IBMs+Nazi+connection/2009-1082_3-269157.html Probing IBM’s Nazi connection]</ref> Some companies that dealt with the Third Reich claim to have not known the truth of what the Nazis were doing, and some foreign companies claimed to have lost control of their German branches when Hitler was in power.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20000124/silverstein |title=Ford and the Führer |accessdate=2007-08-20 |work=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theawfultruth.com/salbmw/ |title=Sal vs BMW |publisher=The Awful Truth |date=2000-06-05 |accessdate=2009-02-27}}</ref><br />
<br />
Monopoly rights were granted to marketing boards to control production and prices through a quota system on pig iron, steel, aluminum, magnesium, gunpowder, explosives, synthetic rubber, all kinds of fuel, and electricity. A compulsory cartel law was enacted in 1936 which allowed the Minister of Economics to make existing cartels compulsory and permanent and to force industries to form cartels where none existed, though these were eventually decreed out of existence by 1943 with the objective being to replace them with more authoritarian bodies.<ref>{{citation |author=Philip C. Newman |title=Key German Cartels under the Nazi Regime |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=Vol. 62, No. 4 |pages=576–595 |date=August 1948}}</ref><br />
<br />
In place of ordinary profit incentive to guide the economy, investment was guided through regulation to accord to the needs of the State. The profit incentive for business owners was retained, though greatly modified through various profit-fixing schemes: “Fixing of profits, not their suppression, was the official policy of the Nazi party.†However the function of profit in automatically guiding allocation of investment and unconsciously directing the course of the economy was replaced with economic planning by Nazi government agencies.<ref>{{citation |author=Arthur Scheweitzer |title=Profits Under Nazi Planning |journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics |volume=Vol. 61, No. 1 |page=5 |date=Nov., 1946}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Farmers, on the other hand, were tied to land, by prohibiting the selling of agricultural land. Farm ownership was nominally private, but ownership in the sense of having discretion over operations and claims on residual income were taken away. Government financing eventually came to dominate the investment process, which the proportion of private securities issued falling from over half of the total in 1933 and 1934 to approximately 10 percent in 1935–1938. The largest firms were mostly exempt from taxes on profits, however government control of these were extensive enough to leave “only the shell of private ownership.â€<br />
<br />
While taxes and subsidies were used in order to direct the economy, the underlying economic policy was the use of terror as an incentive to agree and comply. Nazi language indicated death or concentration camp for any business owner who pursued his own self interest instead of the ends of the State.<ref name="economic573"/><br />
<br />
It is often regarded that businesses were private property in name but not in substance. Chritoph Buchheim and Jonas Scherner dissent, saying that despite the economy being state directed, firms still had significant freedom in planning their own production and investment activities.<ref>{{citation |author=Christoph Buchheim |title=The Role of Private Property in the Nazi Economy: The Case of Industry |journal=The Journal of Economic History |pages=390–416 |date=27Jun2006}}</ref><br />
<br />
=== Ireland ===<br />
* Ireland - famines under British colonial rule, such as the [[Great Famine (Ireland)]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Asia ==<br />
<br />
=== Assyrian genocide ===<br />
[[File:Assyrian genocide o2p.svg|thumb|200px|{{Information<br />
|description={{en|1=Map of the Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac genocide.<br><br />
<font color=#b00000 size=6>•</font> Towns were genocide occurred.<br><br />
<font color=#008000 size=6>•</font> Towns that received refugees.<br><br />
<font color=#2e3192 size=6>•</font> Other major cities.<br />
{{legend|#ff8080|Regions of Assyrian/Syriac/Chaldean concentrations.}}}}]]<br />
* [[Assyrian genocide]]<br />
<br />
== Australia ==<br />
* Killings of aboriginal people<br />
<br />
===Cambodia and Laos===<br />
* [[Operation Menu]] during the [[Vietnam War]]<br />
<br />
=== India ===<br />
* India - famines under British colonial rule<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Indonesia===<br />
* [[Indonesian killings of 1965–66]]. <br />
<br />
The Indonesian killings saw the killing of half a million or more people, some 4-500 through targeted "shooting lists" (with progress reported to the US Embassy), most through sweeps of the countryside.<ref>Klein, p67</ref> Farid (2005) argues that "First, that the killings are in fact a case of state violence despite of the efforts to make it look like spontaneous violence. Second, that the killings are crucial to the expansion of capitalism in Indonesia. Using Marx's concept of 'primitive accumulation', it attempts to show that the mass killings and arrests, the expropriation of people from their houses and lands, and the elimination of working-class political formations, are integral parts of an economic strategy of the [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]]."<ref>Farid, Hilmar (2005), "Indonesia's original sin: Mass killings and capitalist expansion, 1965-66", ''Inter-Asia Cultural Studies'' 6 (1), pp. 3-16</ref> Naomi Klein notes that the [[Berkeley Mafia]] "worked closely with the military in the run-up to the coup, developing 'contingency plans' should the government suddenly fall",<ref>Klein, p68</ref> and after the coup "Suharto packed his cabinet with members of the Berkeley Mafia, handing them all the key financial posts, including minister of trade and ambassador to Washington".<ref>Klein, p68-9</ref><br />
<br />
=== Iraq ===<br />
{{main|Sanctions against Iraq}}<br />
The '''sanctions against Iraq''' were a near-total financial and trade embargo imposed by the [[United Nations Security Council]] on the nation of [[Iraq]]. They began August 6, 1990, four days after [[Iraq]]'s [[invasion of Kuwait]], stayed largely in force until May 2003 (after [[Saddam Hussein]]'s being forced from power),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/iraq/document/2003/0522resolution.htm |title=Resolution 1483 - UN Security Council - Global Policy Forum |publisher=Globalpolicy.org |date= |accessdate=2011-06-01}}</ref> and certain portions including reparations to Kuwait persisting later and through the present.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news| title=UN lifts sanctions against Iraq (BBC)| url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12004115 | work=BBC News | date=2010-12-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 1956 (December 2010) | url =http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/694/83/PDF/N1069483.pdf?OpenElement }}</ref><br />
<br />
The original stated purposes of the sanctions were to compel Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, to pay reparations and to disclose and eliminate any [[weapons of mass destruction]].<br />
<br />
Initially the UN Security Council imposed stringent [[economic sanctions]] on Iraq by adopting and enforcing [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 661]].<ref name=r661/> After the end of the 1991 [[Persian Gulf War]], those sanctions were extended and elaborated on, including linkage to removal of [[Weapon of mass destruction|weapons of mass destruction]] (WMD), by [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 687|Resolution 687]].<ref>{{cite web| title=United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 | url =http://www.mideastweb.org/687.htm }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=UN Security Council Resolutions relating to Iraq | url =http://www.casi.org.uk/info/scriraq.html}}</ref> The sanctions banned all [[trade]] and financial resources except for medicine and "in humanitarian circumstances" foodstuffs.<ref name=r661>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0661.htm |title=UN Security Council Resolution 661 |publisher=Fas.org |date= |accessdate=2009-06-15}}</ref><br />
<br />
Estimates of excess civilian deaths during the sanctions vary widely, but range from 170,000 to over 1.5 million.<ref>See [[Iraq sanctions#Infant and child death rates|Infant and child death rates]] and [[Iraq sanctions#Estimates of sanctions-related deaths|Estimates of sanctions-related deaths]]</ref> <br />
{{See also|Iraqi no-fly zones}}<br />
<br />
<br />
== South America ==<br />
All but the three smallest countries in South America:<br />
<br />
* [[Operation Condor]]<br />
** [[Operation Colombo]]<br />
<br />
== Argentina / Chile ==<br />
The attempted extermination in [[Tierra del Fuego]]<br />
* [[Selknam Genocide]]<br />
<br />
===Chile===<br />
* [[1973 Chilean coup d'état]] and aftermath (cf ''[[The Shock Doctrine]]'' Part 2)<br />
<br />
The ''Chicago Boys'' were a group of young [[Chile]]an [[economics|economists]] who trained at the [[University of Chicago]] under [[Milton Friedman]] and [[Arnold Harberger]], or at its effective offshoot in the economics department at the [[Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile|Catholic University of Chile]]. The training was the result of a "Chile Project" organised in the 1950s by the US State Department and funded by the [[Ford Foundation]], which aimed at influencing Chilean economic thinking. The project failed singularly to do so, with the Chicago Boys' ideas remaining on the fringes of Chilean economic and political thought until the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état]] on 11 September 1973, when what became known as "The Brick" would form the basis of the new regime's economic policy. "The Brick" was a 500-page plan for the junta economic program, prepared in conjunction with the coup plotters; 8 of its 10 principal authors were Chicago Boys. Although the coup was described as a military coup, [[Orlando Letelier]], [[Salvador Allende]]'s Washington ambassador, "saw it as an equal partnership between the army and the economists".<ref>Klein, p73</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==United States==<br />
* [[American Indian genocide]]<br />
''Native American mass killings during the colonisation of the United States''<br />
<br />
A controversial question relating to the population history of American indigenous peoples is whether or not the natives of the Americas were the victims of [[genocide]]. After the [[Nazism|Nazi]]-perpetrated [[Holocaust]] during [[World War II]], genocide was defined (in part) as a crime "committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such". Hitler claimed that concentration camps as well as the practicality of genocide owed much to his studies of English and United States history<ref>"Hitler's concept of concentration camps as well as the practicality of genocide owed much, so he claimed, to his studies of English and United States history. He admired the camps for Boer prisoners in South Africa and for the Indians in the wild west; and often praised to his inner circle the efficiency of America's extermination - by starvation and uneven combat - of the red savages who could not be tamed by captivity." : "Adolf Hitler", John Toland, Publisher: Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York 1976{{Page needed}}</ref>{{Page needed}}. <br />
<br />
Historian [[David Stannard]] is of the opinion that the indigenous peoples of America (including [[Hawaii]])<ref>[http://www2.hawaii.edu/~johnb/micro/m130/readings/stannard.html INTERVIEW: David Stannard].</ref> were the victims of a "Euro-American genocidal war."<ref name="hnn">[http://hnn.us/articles/7302.html Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?]</ref> While conceding that the majority of the indigenous peoples fell victim to the ravages of European disease, he estimates that almost 100 million died in what he calls the ''American Holocaust''.<ref>Stannard, p. x (quotation), p.&nbsp;151 (death toll estimate).</ref> Stannard's perspective has been joined by [[Kirkpatrick Sale]], [[Ben Kiernan]], [[Lenore A. Stiffarm]], and [[Phil Lane, Jr.]], among others; the perspective has been further refined by [[Ward Churchill]], who has said "it was precisely malice, not nature, that did the deed."<ref name="hnn" /><br />
<br />
Stannard's claim of 100 million deaths has been challenged because he does not cite any demographic evidence to support this number, and because he makes no distinction between death from violence and death from disease. [[Noble David Cook]],<!--[sic]"Noble David Cook" is his actual name--> Latin Americanist and history professor at [[Florida International University]], considers books such as Stannard's– a number of which were released around the year 1992 to coincide with the 500th anniversary of the Columbus voyage to America– to be an unproductive return to [[Black Legend]]-type explanations for [[depopulation]]. In response to Stannard's figure, [[political science|political scientist]] [[R. J. Rummel]] has instead estimated that over the centuries of European colonization about 2&nbsp;million to 15&nbsp;million American indigenous people were the victims of what he calls ''[[democide]].'' "Even if these figures are remotely true," writes Rummel, "then this still make this subjugation of the Americas one of the bloodier, centuries long, democides in world history."<ref>Cook on Stannard, p. 12; Rummel's quote and estimate from [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.CHAP3.HTM his website], about midway down the page, after footnote&nbsp;82. Rummel's estimate is presumably not a single democide, but is a total of multiple democides, since there were many different governments involved.</ref><br />
<br />
Some historians argue that genocide, a crime of intent, was not the intent of European colonization while in America. Historian [[Stafford Poole]] wrote: "There are other terms to describe what happened in the Western Hemisphere, but genocide is not one of them. It is a good [[propaganda]] term in an age where slogans and shouting have replaced reflection and learning, but to use it in this context is to cheapen both the word itself and the appalling experiences of the Jews and [[Armenian Genocide|Armenians]], to mention but two of the major victims of this century."<ref>Stafford Poole, quoted in Royal, p.&nbsp;63.</ref><br />
<br />
However, a number of historians, though not viewing the history of European colonization as one continuous long act of genocide, do cite specific wars and campaigns which were arguably genocidal in intent and effect. Usually included among these are the [[Pequot War]] (1637) and campaigns waged against tribes in [[California]] starting in the 1850s.<ref>For example, ''The Oxford Companion to American Military History'' (Oxford University Press, 1999) states that "if Euro-Americans committed genocide anywhere on the [American] continent against native Americans, it was in California."</ref><br />
<br />
== Rock Springs massacre ==<br />
[[File:ChineseExclusionSkeletonCartoon.jpg|thumb|300px|Cartoon by L.M. Glackens, published in "Puck" magazine, 3 January 1912. US symbol "Uncle Sam" holding paper "Protest against Russian exclusion of Jewish Americans" and looking in shock at Chinese skeleton labeled "American exclusion of Chinese", emerging from closet]]<br />
* [[Rock Springs massacre]] Chinese immigrant workers killed<br />
<br />
<br />
== Dictatorships supported by the USA ==<br />
{{main|Dictatorships supported by the USA}}<br />
Throughout its existence, particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries, the [[United States]] government has provided funding for, and supplied weapons to, a large number of dictatorships around the world. In some cases, this support has been intended to protect and expand U.S. economic interests, and bring U.S. [[mixed economy|mixed economic]] policies (which lean closest to [[free-market capitalism]]) to countries under control of [[state capitalist]] or [[socialist]] economic systems.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Dictators and regimes ===<br />
*[[Jorge Ubico]]<br />
*[[Syngman Rhee]], [[Republic of Korea]] (South Korea), 1948-1960<br />
*[[Saudi royal family]]<br />
*[[Fulgencio Batista]], [[Republic of Cuba]] 1952-1959<br />
*[[Shah]] [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (deposed [[Mohammad Mossadeq]]), Iran, 1953-1979<br />
*[[Ngo Dinh Diem]], [[Republic of Vietnam]] (South Vietnam), 1955-1963<br />
*[[Ferdinand Marcos]], Phillipines, 1965-1986<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/publications/philippines/philippines.html NSA archive]</ref><ref>[http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/philippines/tl03.html Frontline]</ref><br />
*[[Lon Nol]] (deposed [[Norodom Sihanouk]], [[Khmer Republic]], 1970-April 17, 1975 (overthrew by communist revolutionaries, the [[Khmer Rouge]])<br />
*General [[Augusto Pinochet]] (deposed [[Salvador Allende]] in a [[coup]]), Chile, 1973-1990<br />
*[[General (military)]] [[Suharto]] (deposed [[Sukarno]]), [[Republic of Indonesia]], 1975-1995<br />
*[[Saddam Hussein]], [[Republic of Iraq]], 1979-1990<br />
*General [[Manuel Noreiga]], [[Republic of Panama]], 1983-1989<br />
*[[Francois Duvalier]] and [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]], [[Republic of Haiti]], 1957-1971; 1971-1986<br />
*[[Khmer Rouge]], 1979-early 1990s (the U.S. government created conditions in Cambodia conducive to Pol Pot's rise to power; the U.S. government ''directly'' funded [[Pol Pot]] and the [[Khmer Rouge]] after they were thrown from power by the [[Vietnam]]ese counterattack).<ref>[http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/pol/polpotmontclarion0498.html Montclair]</ref><br />
<br />
==== School of the Americas ====<br />
{{main|School of the Americas}}<br />
(renamed [[Wikipedia:Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation]] in 2001 by the [[Wikipedia:National Defense Authorization Act]])<br><br />
Between 1946 and 2001, the School of the Americas trained more than 61,000 [[Latin America]]n soldiers and policemen. Some of them became notorious for [[human rights]] violations, including dictators [[Leopoldo Galtieri]], [[EfraÃn RÃos Montt]], [[Manuel Noriega]], [[Bolivia]]'s [[Hugo Banzer]], some of [[Augusto Pinochet]]'s officers,<ref name ="SOA WATCH">{{cite web | work = School of the Americas Watch | title = Notorious Graduates | url = http://www.soaw.org/article.php?id=230&cat=63 | accessdate = November 16, 2005}}</ref><ref name="George Davies">Davies, George [http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=820 ‘I’ll take the CIA torture suite’], ''The First Post'', dated August 16, 2006, accessed August 14, 2006.</ref> members of the [[Atlacatl Battalion]] of [[El Salvador]] who carried out the [[El Mozote massacre]] of 1981, and the founders of [[Los Zetas]], a drug cartel formerly affiliated with the [[Gulf Cartel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/30/international/americas/30mexico.html|title=Mexico Fears Its Drug Traffickers Get Help From Guatemalans|last=Thompson|first=Ginger|date=September 30, 2005|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=2008-04-27}}</ref><ref>Laurie Freeman, State of Siege: Drug-Related Violence and Corruption in Mexico, Washington Office on Latin America, June 2006.</ref> Critics of the school argue that the education encouraged such [[Humanitarian law|internationally recognized human rights]] violating practices and that the WHINSEC is merely a new name for exactly the same practices. This is denied by the SOA/WHINSEC and its supporters, who claim they now emphasize [[democracy]] and [[human rights]].<ref name="Georgia">[http://www.commondreams.org/headlines02/0713-03.htm Bay Area Protesters Sentenced in Georgia] CommonDreams.org.</ref><ref name="WHINSEC">{{cite web | publisher= Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation | title = FAQ | url = https://www.benning.army.mil/WHINSEC/about.asp?id=37 }}</ref> Neither of these arguments exclude the creation of a New School of the Americas under a different name, with the original goal.<br />
<br />
== Terminology ==<br />
"Capitalist regimes" refers to those countries which operate a [[capitalism|capitalist]] economic system.<br />
<br />
Scholars use several different terms to describe the intentional killing of large numbers of noncombatants.{{#tag:ref|Valentino p.9 {{cite book |quote=Mass killing and Genocide. No generally accepted terminology exists to describe the intentional killing of large numbers of noncombatants.}}<ref name=Valentino/>|group=nb}} Under the [[Genocide Convention]], the [[Genocide#Genocide_as_a_crime|Crime of Genocide]] does not apply to the mass killing of political and social groups. Protection of political groups was eliminated from the UN resolution after a second vote, because many states anticipated that clause to apply unneeded limitations to their right to suppress internal disturbances.<ref>Beth van Schaack. The Crime of Political Genocide: Repairing the Genocide Convention's Blind Spot. ''The Yale Law Journal'', Vol. 106, No. 7 (May, 1997), pp. 2259-2291</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
The term "[[politicide]]" is used to describe the killing of political or economic groups that would otherwise be covered by the Genocide Convention.<ref name="harffgurr">{{cite journal|last=Harff|first=Barbara|first2=Ted R.|year=1988|title=Toward Empirical Theory of Genocides and Politicides: Identification and Measurement of Cases since 1945|volume=32|pages=359–371|journal=}}</ref> Manus I. Midlarsky uses the term "politicide" to describe an arc of mass killings from the western parts of the Soviet Union to China and Cambodia.{{#tag:ref|Midlarsky p.310 {{cite book |quote=Indeed, an arc of Communist politicide can be traced from the western portions of the Soviet Union to China and on to Cambodia.}} <ref name="Midlarsky">{{cite book |last= Midlarsky |first=Manus I |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2005 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |chapter=|chapterurl=|location= |isbn=9780521815451 |page= |pages=310 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-oJuL_gcFHMC&pg=PA310&dq |accessdate= |unused_data= The killing trap: genocide in the twentieth century}}</ref>|group=nb}}<br />
<br />
[[R. J. Rummel]] coined the term "[[democide]]", which includes genocide, politicide, and [[mass murder]].<ref>[[R.J. Rummel]]. ''Death by Government'' Chapter 2: [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.CHAP2.HTM Definition of Democide]</ref> Jacques Semelin prefers "[[crime against humanity]]".<ref name="Semelin">{{cite book|last=Semelin|first=Jacques|title=Purify and Destroy: The Political Uses of Massacre and Genocide|chapter=Destroying to Eradicate|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2009|page=318|isbn=0231142838, 9780231142830}}</ref> [[Helen Fein]] has termed the mass state killings in the Soviet Union and Cambodia as the "genocide and [[Democide]]".<ref>{{cite book |title=Genocide: a sociological perspective |last=Fein |first=Helen |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1993 |publisher=Sage Publication |location= |isbn=9780803988293 |page=75 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n4TaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Soviet+and+Communist+Genocides%22&dq=%22Soviet+and+Communist+Genocides%22&client=firefox-a&cd=1 |accessdate=}}</ref><br />
<br />
Michael Mann has proposed the term "classicide" to mean the "intended mass killing of entire social classes."<ref name="Mann">{{cite book|last=Mann|first=Michael|title=The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing|chapter=The Argument|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2005|page=17|isbn=0521538548, 9780521538541}}</ref><br />
<br />
Frank Wayman and Atsushi Tago have shown the significance of terminology in that, depending on the use of [[democide]] (generalised state-sponsored killing) or [[politicide]] (eliminating groups who are politically opposed) as the criterion for inclusion in a data-set, statistical analyses seeking to establish a connection between mass killings can produce very different results, including the significance or otherwise of regime type. {{fv}}<ref name="Tago">FW Wayman, A Tago. Explaining the Onset of Mass Killing, 1949-87<br />
''Journal of Peace Research Online'', 2009, p. 1-17.</ref><br />
<br />
==Proposed causes==<br />
===Influence of market doctrine and capitalist ideology===<br />
<br />
===Primitive accumulation of capital===<br />
In the Marxist view, [[primitive accumulation of capital]] is a key element in the development of capitalism, and is linked with [[colonialism]].<br />
<br />
[[Karl Marx]] wrote in Capital Volume I, "‘The discovery of gold and silver in the Americas, the extirpation, enslavement and entombment in mines of the aboriginal population, the beginning of the conquest and looting of the East Indies, the turning of Africa into a warren for the commercial hunting of black-skins, signalized the rosy dawn of the era of capitalist production’ (1967: 751). Through such varied forms of violent expropriation, capitalism was born, ‘dripping from head to foot, from every pore, with blood and dirt’ (1967: 760), but having achieved the consolidation of ‘the pigmy property of the many into the huge property of the few’ (1967: 762)."<ref>Glassman, J. (2006), "Primitive accumulation, accumulation by dispossession, accumulation by 'extra-economic' means", ''Progress in Human Geography'' 30(8), pp608-625</ref><br />
<br />
===Failure of the rule of law===<br />
Eric D. Weitz says that the mass killing are a natural consequence of the failure of the rule of law, seen commonly during periods of social upheaval in the 20th century. For both communist and non-communist mass killings, "genocides occurred at moments of extreme social crisis, often generated by the very policies of the regimes."<ref name="Weitz, 251-252">Weitz, 251-252.</ref> They are not inevitable but are political decisions.<ref name="Weitz, 251-252"/><br />
<br />
===Economic and social reforms===<br />
Benjamin Valentino writes that mass killings strategies are chosen by Communists to economically dispossess large numbers of people; the same point can be made for capitalist regimes.{{#tag:ref|Valentino pp.34–37<ref name=Valentino/>|group=nb}} "Social transformations of this speed and magnitude have been associated with mass killing for two primary reasons. First, the massive social dislocations produced by such changes have often led to economic collapse, epidemics, and, most important, widespread famines. [...] The second reason that communist regimes bent on the radical transformation of society have been linked to mass killing is that the revolutionary changes they have pursued have clashed inexorably with the fundamental interests of large segments of their populations. Few people have proved willing to accept such far-reaching sacrifices without intense levels of coersion." {{#tag:ref|Valentino p. 93-94 <ref name=Valentino/>|group=nb}}<br />
<br />
According to Jacques Semelin, "communist systems emerging in the twentieth century ended up destroying their own populations, not because they planned to annihilate them as such, but because they aimed to restructure the 'social body' from top to bottom, even if that meant purging it and recarving it to suit their new Promethean political ''imaginaire''." {{#tag:ref|Semelin p. 331 <ref name="Semelin"/>|group=nb}} The same point can be made for capitalist governments.<br />
<br />
===Influence of national cultures===<br />
Some authors called American [[exceptionalism]] and the [[Cold War]] general reasons for barbarity.<br />
<br />
===Secular values===<br />
Some proponents of traditional ethical standards and religious faith in the 21st C argue that the killings were at least partly the result of a "weakening of faith and the unleashing of the radical values of the [[European Enlightenment]] upon the modern world." In other words, the Enlightenment was a big mistake, and everything has gone wrong since some misguided people gave up on the Holy Roman Empire. Amusing, perhaps, but not even thought provoking.<br />
<br />
See also ''[[One Market Under God]]''.<br />
<br />
===Personal responsibility===<br />
Individual figures can be highlighted, such as [[Henry Kissinger]]; in ''[[The Trial of Henry Kissinger]]'', [[Christopher Hitchens]] presents evidence of Kissinger's complicity in a series of alleged war crimes in [[Vietnam|Indochina]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Chile]], [[Cyprus]] and [[East Timor]].<br />
<br />
==Comparison to other mass killings==<br />
[[Daniel Goldhagen]] argues that 20th century Communist regimes "have killed more people than any other regime type."<ref>[[Daniel Jonah Goldhagen]]. ''Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity.'' [[PublicAffairs]], 2009. ISBN 1586487698 p. 54: "...in the past century communist regimes, led and inspired by the Soviet Union and China, have killed more people than any other regime type."</ref> Other scholars in the fields of Communist studies and genocide studies, such as [[Steven Rosefielde]], Benjamin Valentino, and [[R.J. Rummel]], have come to similar conclusions.{{#tag:ref|Valentino p.91<ref name=Valentino/>|group=nb}} Rosefielde states that it is possible the "Red Holocaust" killed more non-combatants than "[[The Holocaust|Ha Shoah]]" and "[[Japanese war crimes|Japan's Asian holocaust]]" combined, and "was at least as heinous, given the ''singularity'' of Hitler's genocide." Rosefielde also notes that "while it is fashionable to mitigate the Red Holocaust by observing that [[capitalism]] killed millions of colonials in the twentieth century, primarily through man-made famines, no inventory of such felonious negligent homicides comes close to the Red Holocaust total."<ref name="Rosefielde225226">{{cite book |title= [[Red Holocaust (2009 book)|Red Holocaust]] |last= Rosefielde |first= Steven |authorlink= Steven Rosefielde |coauthors= |year= 2009 |publisher= [[Routledge]] |location= |isbn= 978-0-415-77757-5 |pages=225–226 |url= |accessdate=}}</ref> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Inclusion of famine as killing ==<br />
The journalist and author [[Seamus Milne]] has questioned whether deaths from famine should be considered equivalent to state killings, since the demographic data used to estimate famine deaths may not be reliable. He argues that, if they are to be, then Britain would have to be considered responsible for as many as 30 million deaths in India from famine during the 19th century, and laments that there has been "no such comprehensive indictment of the colonial record".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2002/sep/12/highereducation.historyandhistoryofart | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=The battle for history | first=Seumas | last=Milne | date=2002-09-12 | accessdate=2010-05-12}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Daniel Goldhagen]] argues that in some cases, deaths from famine should not be distinguished from mass murder: "Whenever governments have not alleviated famine conditions, political leaders decided ''not to say no'' to mass death - in other words, they said ''yes''." He claims that famine was either used or deliberately tolerated by the Soviets, the Germans, the communist Chinese, the [[United Kingdom|British]] in [[Kenya]], the [[Hausa people|Hausa]] against the [[Ibo people|Ibo]] in Nigeria, Khmer Rouge, communist North Koreans, Ethiopeans in [[Eritrea]], [[Zimbabwe]] against regions of political opposition, and Political Islamists in southern [[Sudan]] and [[Darfur]].<ref name="Gladhagenfamine">[[Daniel Jonah Goldhagen]]. ''Worse Than War: Genocide, Eliminationism, and the Ongoing Assault on Humanity.'' [[PublicAffairs]], 2009. ISBN 1586487698 pp. 29-30</ref><br />
<br />
In ''[[Late Victorian Holocausts]]'' (2000), [[Mike Davis (scholar)|Mike Davis]] explores the impact of [[colonialism]] and the introduction of capitalism during the [[ENSO|El Niño-Southern Oscillation]] related famines of [[Great Famine of 1876–78|1876-1878]], [[Indian famine of 1896–97|1896-1897]], and [[Indian famine of 1899–1900|1899-1902]], in [[India]], [[China]], [[Brazil]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] and [[New Caledonia]]. It focuses on how colonialism and capitalism in [[British India]] and elsewhere increased rural [[poverty]] & hunger and how economic policies exacerbated famine. The book's main conclusion is that the deaths of 30-60 million people killed in famines all over the world during the later part of the 19th century were caused by [[laissez faire]] and [[Malthusian]] economic ideology of the colonial governments. Davis argues that "Millions died, not outside the 'modern world system', but in the very process of being forcibly incorporated into its economic and political structures. They died in the golden age of Liberal Capitalism; indeed, many were murdered ... by the theological application of the sacred principles of Smith, Bentham and Mill."<ref>Davis, M. (2001), ''Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World'', London: Verso, p9</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
{{refend}}<br />
== More ==<br />
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Genocide_claims<br />
<br />
...and much more...<br />
<br />
==Notes and references==<br />
;Footnotes<br />
{{Reflist|group=nb}}<br />
;References<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of military interventions of the United States]]<br />
* [[Genocides in history]] Wikipedia for now<br />
* [[Mass killings under Communist regimes]] Wikipedia perhaps forever<br />
[[WikipediaCategory:Genocides]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{cite web | url = http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstatx.htm#Communism |title=Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century | publisher = Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century | accessdate=}}<br />
<br />
== Further Reading ==<br />
*{{cite book | last =Weitz | first =Eric D. | title =A century of genocide: utopias of race and nation | publisher =Princeton University Press | year =2003 | pages =360 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=lg1rlqM9nRMC | doi = | isbn =0691009139, 9780691009131 }}<br />
*{{cite book | last =Courtois | first =Stephane | authorlink = | coauthors =Werth, Nicolas; Panne, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartosek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis & Kramer, Mark | title =[[The Black Book of Communism]]: Crimes, Terror, Repression | publisher =Harvard University Press | year =1999 | location = | pages =858 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC | doi = | isbn =0-674-07608-7}}<br />
* The Black Book of Capitalism<br />
<br />
[[Category:Cloud cuckoo land]][[Category:Conservative mythology]][[Category:Decommunization]][Category:Democide]][[Category:Genocide]][[Category:Death]][[Category:International law terminology]][[Category:Mass killings]][[Category:Mass murder]][[Category:Political means]][[Category:Political neologisms]][[Category:Politicide]]</div>
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Arno Tausch
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<div>{{WP NODEL}}<br />
<!--{{Infobox scientist<br />
| name = Arno Tausch<br />
| image = Arno_t.jpg<br />
| image_width = 220px<br />
| birth_date = {{birth date|1951|2|11}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Wikipedia:Salzburg]], [[Austria]]<br />
| field = [[Wikipedia:Political science|Political Science]]<br />
| work_institution = [[Wikipedia:University of Innsbruck|Innsbruck University]], Department of Political Science<br>Ministry of Social Affairs, Labour and Consumer Protection in [[Wikipedia:Vienna]]<br />
| known_for = contributions to [[Wikipedia:World-systems theory]], [[Wikipedia:development studies]] and [[Wikipedia:dependency theory]], European studies in the framework of core-periphery relationships, quantitative [[Wikipedia:peace and conflict studies|peace studies]]<br />
}}--><br />
'''Arno Tausch''' (born on February 11, 1951 in [[Wikipedia:Salzburg|Salzburg]], [[Austria]], is an Austrian political scientist and one of the founders of quantitative [[world-systems theory]] ([[Wikipedia:world-systems theory]]) and development research in Europe. His research program is focused on world-systems theory, development studies and [[Wikipedia:dependency theory]], European studies in the framework of [[Wikipedia:core-periphery]] relationships, and quantitative [[peace studies]] [[Wikipedia:Peace and conflict studies]].<br />
<br />
Tausch is an active participant in the [[Wikipedia:liberation theology]] movement and the ecumenical dialogue between the major world religions. He is involved in the study of the quantitative effects of [[Wikipedia:globalization]] on social systems. He is also a frequent contributor of articles to magazines in Austria, such as ''Das Jüdische Echo''. He is a member of the "honorary committees" of the [[Wikipedia:Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales]]<ref name=CAEI>{{cite web |url=http://www.caei.com.ar/es/quienes.htm |title=Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales (CAEI) - Quienes somos |language=Spanish |work= |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref> in Buenos Aires and the journal ''[[Wikipedia:Entelequia]]'',<ref name=Entelequia>{{cite web |url=http://www.eumed.net/entelequia/es.boards.php |title=Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar. Equipo |language=Spanish |work= |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref> and of the [[Wikipedia:editorial board]]s of the ''European Research Studies Journal'',<ref name=ERSJ>{{cite web |url=http://www.ersj.eu/index.php?option=com_contact&catid=3&Itemid=8 |title=European Research Studies Journal - Contact |format= |work= |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref> and the ''Journal of Globalization Studies''.<ref name=JoGS>{{cite web |url=http://old.uchitel-izd.ru/index2.php?option=content&task=view&id=228&pop=1 |title=Journal of Globalization Studies |format= |work= |accessdate=2011-01-19}}</ref><br />
[[File:Arno_t.jpg|thumb|Arno Tausch]]<!--Arno Tausch photograph. Date 08/17/07. Source: Own work. Author Wikipedia User:RafaGS--><br />
Tausch has been married since 1978 and has three adult daughters.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Academic career==<br />
Tausch received his [[Wikipedia:Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in political science from [[Wikipedia:University of Salzburg|Salzburg University]] in 1976 and his [[Wikipedia:habilitation]] from [[Wikipedia:University of Innsbruck|Innsbruck University]]. Presently, he is [[Wikipedia:professor|associate professor]] (''Universitaetsdozent'') of [[Wikipedia:Political science|Political Science]] at the [[Wikipedia:University of Innsbruck]], and [[Wikipedia:Visiting scholar|visiting professor]] of [[Wikipedia:Economics]] at the [[Wikipedia:Corvinus University of Budapest]]. He was previously also visiting associate professor at the Department of Political Science, [[Wikipedia:University of Hawaii at Manoa]] and guest researcher at the [[Wikipedia:Social Science Research Center Berlin]]).<br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
As of January 2011, he has authored, co-authored, or edited 15 books in English and 7 in German, and over 200 scholarly and non-technical articles and miscellaneous publications in 7 languages in 28 countries, including books for [[Wikipedia:Dutch University Press]], [[Wikipedia:Nova Publishers]], and [[Wikipedia:Palgrave Macmillan]]. His works are also available on freely available peer-reviewed websites, including the [[Wikipedia:World Systems Archive]], [[Wikipedia:Global Development Network]], [[Wikipedia:Social Science Research Network]], and [[Wikipedia:Research Papers in Economics|IDEAS]].<br />
<br />
==Scholarly work==<br />
<br />
In the fall of 1977, Tausch obtained a position as assistant professor of political science at Innsbruck University after finishing his PhD. Together with [[Wikipedia:Otmar Höll]] and [[Wikipedia:Kunibert Raffer]], Tausch pioneered world-system and dependency studies in Austria from the mid 1970s onwards.<br />
<br />
During the 1980s and early 1990s, Tausch closely worked with the late Australian political economist [[Wikipedia:Edward Lawrence Wheelwright|Ted Wheelwright]], the Swedish development and peace researcher [[Wikipedia:Björn Hettne]], the Polish development researcher [[Wikipedia:Zbigniew Bablewski]], and the Finnish development and peace researcher and politician [[Wikipedia:Kimmo Kiljunen]] in the framework of the [[Wikipedia:European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes]] (EADI)) working group on development theory. The results of these efforts include the United Nations University study (1989).<br />
<br />
In peace and development research, Tausch was one of the first authors to present sceptical assessments of the [[Wikipedia:perestroika]] and transformation processes in the [[Wikipedia:Soviet Union]]. His ''Russlands Tretmühle'' (English: ''Russia's treadmill'') predicted a re-hardening of the Russian regime.<br />
<br />
His later work, written after his entry into public service in 1992, is about the analysis of social policy and migration in the new wider Europe after the [[Wikipedia:Shock therapy (economics)|shock therapies]] which the region experienced.<br />
<br />
After returning to Vienna from his work as a diplomat in Poland, Tausch's publications especially dealt with analyses of the contradictions of the process of EU-enlargement, with cross-national aspects of pension reform and with the never-ending debate about [[Wikipedia:Islam]] and development.<br />
<br />
During the last decade, his works contributed to the debate about [[Wikipedia:Islamophobia]]. This has become a defining pattern of his writings after the turn of the millennium: opposition to ''[[Wikipedia:Salafi]]sm'' (salafist distortions of the Muslim Faith), but also opposition to Islamophobia. He was among the first to study quantitative aspects of Muslim poverty in Europe.<br />
<br />
As a book editor, Tausch later worked particularly closely with the British economist [[Wikipedia:Syed Mansoob Murshed]]. His own empirical works on the relationships between Islam and development patterns, were particularly well received in the Muslim world, and were based on all the countries with available data.<br />
<br />
The Turkish political scientists [[Wikipedia:Bulent Aras]] and [[Wikipedia:Suat Kiniklioglu]] actively championed the reception of Tausch's quantitative works in the two leading political science journals in Turkey, ''Alternatives. Turkish Journal of International Relations'' and ''Insight Turkey''.<br />
<br />
The latest chapter in Tausch's analysis of Islam and development is the systematic analysis of the data from the [[Wikipedia:European Social Survey]] and the [[Wikipedia:World Values Survey]], which contradict alarmist views of Muslim migration and Muslim integration in Europe, and argue in favor of what Tausch calls a 'Lisbon process perspective on Muslim minorities in Europe'. On the Lisbon process, he particularly closely worked and published together with the Muslim scholar, [[Wikipedia:Almas Heshmati]].<br />
<br />
His recent writings on pension reform were influenced by [[Wikipedia:Franco Modigliani]] and [[Wikipedia:Robert Holzmann]], social protection department director at the [[Wikipedia:World Bank]]. He contributed to the memorial volume, dedicated to the Nobel laureate in economics, [[Wikipedia:Franco Modigliani]].<br />
<br />
Apart from sharing his analytical academic perspectives with high echelons of the Austrian foreign and international social policy establishment, Tausch's publications appeared in the publication series of important foreign policy think tanks in Austria, Argentina, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia and Turkey. In 2007, he was a speaker at the "Davos of the East", the [[Wikipedia:International Economic Forum]] in [[Wikipedia:Krynica-Zdrój|Krynica]], Poland.<br />
<br />
He has become a regular contributor to the analytical journal of the [[Wikipedia:Austrian Armed Forces]], ''Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift'', to the Moscow-based [[Wikipedia:IMEMO]] Institute's ''[[Wikipedia:Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya]]'', and to the widely circulated ''[[Wikipedia:Europäische Rundschau]]''.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
=== Books in English ===<br />
*(1993; in collaboration with Fred Prager) 'Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development'. Basingstoke and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press<br />
*(1999, Editor, with Andreas Mueller and Paul Zulehner), "Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology and the Social Sciences. An analysis of the contradictions of modernity at the turn of the millennium†Huntington, New York: Nova Science. Paperback edition 2001<br />
*(2001, with Peter Herrmann) Globalization and European Integration. Huntington NY, Nova Science. ISBN 1-560729295.<br />
*(2001, with Gernot Koehler) Global Keynesianism: Unequal exchange and global exploitation. Huntington NY, Nova Science. ISBN 1-59033-002-1. Paperback edition 2001<br />
*(2003, Editor) 'The Three Pillars of Wisdom? A Reader on Globalization, World Bank Pension Models and Welfare Society'. Nova Science Hauppauge, New York, 2003<br />
*(2005, Editor, with Peter Herrmann) 'Dar al Islam. The Mediterranean, the World System and the Wider Europe. Vol. 1: The "Cultural Enlargement" of the EU and Europe's Identity; Vol. 2: The Chain of Peripheries and the New Wider Europe'. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers. Abridged paperback editions, 2006, under the title: "The West, Europe and the Muslim World†(Vol. 1) and "Towards a Wider Europe†(Vol. 2)<br />
*(2007), 'The City on a Hill? The Latin Americanization of Europe and the Lost Competition with the U.S.A.' Amsterdam: Rozenberg.<br />
*(2007, Editor, with Almas Heshmati), 'Roadmap to Bangalore? Globalization, the EU's Lisbon Process and the Structures of Global Inequality' Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2007), 'From the "Washington†towards a "Vienna Consensus� A quantitative analysis on globalization, development and global governance'. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2007, with Christian Bischof, Tomaz Kastrun and Karl Mueller), 'Against Islamophobia: Muslim Communities, Social Exclusion and the Lisbon Process in Europe' Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2007), 'Against Islamophobia. Quantitative analyses of global terrorism, world political cycles and center periphery structures' Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2008), 'Multicultural Europe: Effects of the Global Lisbon Process.' Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2009), "Titanic 2010? The European Union and its failed "Lisbon strategyâ€â€ Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2009), with a foreword by Mansoor Moaddel), "What 1.3 billion Muslims really think. An answer to a recent Gallup study, based on the "World Values Surveyâ€â€ Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers.<br />
*(2010), with Christian Bischof, and Karl Mueller), 'â€Muslim Calvinismâ€, internal security and the Lisbon process in Europe' Rozenberg Publishers, Amsterdam.<br />
<br />
=== In German ===<br />
*(1979) 'Armut und Abhaengigkeit. Politik und Oekonomie im peripheren Kapitalismus'. Studien zur oesterreichischen und internationalen Politik, Bd. 2 (Eds. P. Gerlich und A. Pelinka) W. Braumueller, Vienna<br />
*(1991) 'Jenseits der Weltgesellschaftstheorien. Sozialtransformationen und der Paradigmenwechsel in der Entwicklungsforschung'. (Eds. H. Reinwald, H.A. Steger) Wilhelm Fink, Muenchen, Beitraege zur Soziologie und Sozialkunde Lateinamerikas (first printing, second printing at Grenzen und Horizonte (Eds. G. Ammon, H. Reinwald, H.A. Steger) Eberhard, Muenchen)<br />
*(1991) 'Russlands Tretmuehle. Kapitalistisches Weltsystem, lange Zyklen und die neue Instabilitaet im Osten'. Eberhard, Muenchen<br />
*(1993) 'Produktivkraft soziale Gerechtigkeit? Europa und die Lektionen des pazifischen Modells'. Eberhard, Muenchen<br />
*(1997) 'Schwierige Heimkehr. Sozialpolitik, Migration, Transformation, und die Osterweiterung der Europaeischen Union' Munich: Eberhard<br />
*(2009) Das EU-Budget und der Lissabon-Prozess: Eine empirische Effizienzanalyse aus konvergenzpolitischer und regionalpolitischer Sicht' Hrsg. Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft d. AK Wien, Wien : Kammer f. Arbeiter u. Angestellte f. Wien, 2009, Serie: Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft; 107, ISBN 978-3-7063-0384-2.<br />
*(2010) Armut und Radikalität? Soziologische Perspektiven zur Integration der Muslime in Europa, basierend auf dem "World Values Survey" und dem "European Social Survey" Bremen: Europäischer Hochschulverlag, Serie‚ Schriftenreihe: Studien zu vergleichender Sozialpädagogik und internationaler Sozialarbeit und Sozialpolitik'<br />
<br />
== Major reviews of Tausch' works ==<br />
<br />
*Choice. Current Reviews for Academic Libraries, 1994, 31, 10: 1630 - 1631 (review on "Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development, 1993")<br />
*Das Argument, 1989, 173: 134-136; 1990, 32, 183: 759-768; 1992; 34, 3: 478-479 (various reviews and references to the books "Jenseits der Weltgesellschaftstheorien" and on "Rußlands Tretmühle")<br />
*Journal of Australian Political Economy, 2001, 47: 148 (book review, Wheelwright T. on "Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology and the Social Sciences, 1999")<br />
*Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 1980, 2: 403-404 (book review by Weede E. on "Armut und Anhängigkeit, 1979")<br />
*Journal of Common Market Studies, Globalization and European Integration, by A. Tausch and P. Herrmann ..., Francesco Duina, Bates College, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 42, Issue 2, Page 437-451, Jun 2004; Globalization, the EU's Lisbon Process and the Structures of Global Inequality – Edited by A. Heshmati and A. Tausch, Ferran Brunet, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, Volume 46, Issue 3, Page 741-741, Jun 2008<br />
*Political Studies, 1995, 43, 4: 730 - 731 (book review on "Towards a Socio-Liberal Theory of World Development, 1993")<br />
*Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 1988, 14, 2: 354-359 (book review by M. Nollert on "Jenseits der Weltgesellschaftstheorien 1987")<br />
*Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaftslehre und Statistik, 1981 (book review on "Armut und Abhängigkeit, 1979")<br />
*Theologie im Kontext, Missionswissenschaftliches Institut Missio e.V. Aachen, 22, 1, 2001: 109 (Raul Fornet Betancourt, book review, on "Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology and the Social Sciences, 1999")<br />
*Utopie Kreativ, 2002, 135, January: 83-84 (book review, on "Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology and the Social Sciences, 1999")<br />
*Vierteljahresberichte. Probleme der Internationalen Zusammenarbeit (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung), 117, September 1989: 311 - 313 (book review on "Jenseits der Weltgesellschaftstheorien, 1987")<br />
*Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 1981, 4: 484-487; 1988, 14, 4: 567-570 (book reviews by K. Raffer on "Armut und Abhängigkeit" and "Jenseits der Weltgesellschaftstheorien", 1987')<br />
<br />
== International media coverage ==<br />
<br />
*Arena Magazine, Sydney, 2001, 52, April/May: 44-46 (book review, Wheelwright T. on "Global Capitalism, Liberation Theology and the Social Sciences, 1999")<br />
*Bild, 23.05.2008 "Sozialsystem nur Mittelmaß" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*BBC Monitoring International Reports "AUSTRIAN ISLAM CONFERENCE SPEAKERS AT ODDS OVER DEMOCRACY, SECULARISM, BBC Monitoring International Reports, March 28, 2007 Wednesday, A200703281B-143F1-GNW, 374 words"<br />
*Der Westen (WAZ-Gruppe), 23.05.2008: Deutsches Sozialsystem nur mittelmäßig (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Die Zeit, 1987, 42, 38: 11-09-1987 (on collective volume Maislinger A. (1986) 'Costa Rica')<br />
*Die Welt, 23. 05. 2008: "Europäischer Vergleich. Das deutsche Sozialsystem ist nur Mittelmaß" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*evangelischer pressedienst entwicklungspolitik, 1979: 24: 27 (Book review by Dieter Senghaas on "Armut und Abhängigkeit")<br />
*Format (Vienna) 25.01.08 Echte Österreicher; Muslim ist nicht gleich Muslim. Nicht alle leiden unter Bildungsdefiziten und schlechtem Einkommen. Aber alle unter Vorurteilen und Beleidigungen. / Zwei Stunden volles FORMAT (APA)<br />
*Frankfurter Neue Presse 24.05.08 Deutsches Sozialsystem/nur mittelmäßig<br />
*Frankfurter Rundschau, 24.05.08 "Schwache Performance/Deutsches Sozialsystem schneidet mäßig ab" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Milano Finanza, June 2, 2007 ("Che si legge a Palazzo" on: "Against Islamophobia: Quantitative Analyses of Global Terrorism, World Political Cycles and Center Periphery Structures") and MF , September 11, 2007, Commenti & Analisi; Pg. 6, 763<br />
*Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 1987, 146, 27/28 June (91) (on collective volume Maislinger A. (1986) 'Costa Rica')<br />
*Nürnberger Nachrichten 24.05.08 "Sozialsystem nicht effektiv genug?" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Pakistan Times, 1987, April 24 (book review on collective volume Farooq-Hasnat S. and Pelinka A. (1986), 'Security for the Weak Nations')<br />
*Profil (Vienna) 18.01.99 Erlesener Osten; Sach- u. Fachliteratur/ Südosteuropäische Geschichte und Geschichtswissenschaft. Eine/Einführung./ Karl Kaser, Böhlau 1990, 412 S., öS 496,/ Im Osten was Neues. Profil (APA)<br />
*Radio Praha, News 23.05.2008, http://www.radio.cz/de/nachrichten/104386 (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Reference & Research Book News, February 1, 2008 (on Almas Heshmati and Arno Tausch)<br />
*SciTech Book News, December 1, 2007 (on Almas Heshmati and Arno Tausch)<br />
*Spiegel Online 23.05.08 Studie. "Deutsches Sozialsystem ist Mittelmaß - das tschechische Spitze" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Stuttgarter Nachrichten 24.05.08 "Sozialsystem nur mittelmäßig" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*Stuttgarter Zeitung 24.05.08 "Sozialsystem laut Studie mittelmäßig" (on IZA Discussion Paper 3482, "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending")<br />
*The Nation (Pakistan), 1987, August 21, 1987 (book review on collective volume Farooq-Hasnat S. and Pelinka A. (1986), 'Security for the Weak Nations')<br />
*Trierischer Violksfreund (Trier, Germany) 26.04.01 UNIVERSITÄT Kolloquium Zukunft" UNIVERSITÄT/Kolloquium/Zukunft"/TRIER. Auch in diesem Sommer bietet das Zentrum für europäische Studien der Uni Trier wieder eine Vorlesungsreihe unter dem; Trierischer Volksfreund<br />
*Wiener Zeitung (Vienna) 27.03.07 Streit über Islam in Europa; Wien. "Es gibt Hassprediger in den Moscheen, aber auch in den Medien." Gleich am Anfang der zweitägigen Konferenz "Islam in Europa" in der Diplomatischen Akademie, Wiener Zeitung (APA)<br />
*Wiener Zeitung (Vienna) 30.04.04 Ein Sonderweg mit Stolpersteinen; Von Michael Schmölzer/ Wie ist es eigentlich dazu gekommen, dass die europäische/Zivilisation eine so deutlich andere Richtung, einen "Sonderweg" im/Vergleich; Wiener Zeitung (APA)<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
{{Wikipedia}}<br />
* [http://www.urss.ru/cgi-bin/db.pl?cp=&page=Book&id=53184&lang=sp&blang=en&list=130 History and Mathematics, Moscow]<br />
* [http://wsarch.ucr.edu/archive/books.htm World Systems Archive Books, University of California, Riverside]<br />
* [http://ideas.repec.org/e/pta132.html Tausch at REPEC/IDEAS, University of Connecticut]<br />
* [http://www.caei.com.ar/es/irebooks.htm e-books, Centro Argentino de Estudios Internacionales]<br />
*[http://www.middle-east-studies.net/?cat=111 Tausch's page on Middle East Studies]<br />
*[http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpge/0509003.html Arno Tausch (2005) 'Is Islam really a development blockade? 12 predictors of development, including membership in the Organization of Islamic Conference, and their influence on 14 indicators of development in 109 countries of the world with completely available data'. Ankara Institute for Turkish Policy Studies, ANKAM, Insight Turkey]<br />
* [http://www.socionauki.ru/authors/tausch_arn/ Arno Tausch]<br />
<!--<br />
{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME = Tausch, Arno<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH = February 11, 1951<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Salzburg]], [[Austria]]<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tausch, Arno}}--><br />
[[Category:Austrian political scientists]][[Category:Austrian sociologists]][[Category:Sociocultural evolution]][[Category:Cross-cultural studies]][[Category:1951 births]][[Category:Living people]][[Category:World system theorists]][[Category:Peace studies]][[Category:Liberation theology]]<br />
[[ar:أرنو تاوش]][[de:Arno Tausch]][[es:Arno Tausch]][[fa:آرنو تاوش]][[fr:Arno Tausch]][[pl:Arno Tausch]][[pt:Arno Tausch]][[ru:Тауш, Ðрно]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Anarchist_Exclusion_Act&diff=58135
Anarchist Exclusion Act
2015-10-27T10:11:28Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58134 by 96.37.0.150 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{anarchism}}<br />
The '''Anarchist Exclusion Act''' refers to two different acts passed by the [[United States Congress]] intended to keep [[Immigration to the United States|immigrants]] that subscribed to [[Anarchism|anarchist]] ideas from entering the country. <br />
<br />
==The 1901 act==<br />
The first Anarchist Exclusion Act (officially listed as '''''An Act To regulate the immigration of aliens into the United States''''', ch. 1012, {{USStat|32|1222}})<ref>{{cite book<br />
| last = Van Dyne<br />
| first = Frederick<br />
| authorlink = Frederick Van Dyne<br />
| title = Citizenship of the United States<br />
| publisher = Wm. S. Hein Publishing<br />
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2XWHKuYL-MUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=who+disbelieves+in+or+is+opposed+to+all&source=web&ots=6aSQZLs7y7&sig=MOoJ62bfyr9WRjzbSBanVx4-B6U<br />
| year = 1904/1980<br />
| page = 93<br />
| doi = <br />
| isbn = 0837712297 }}</ref> was passed by the [[57th United States Congress]], on its last day of session, [[March 3]], [[1903]] (and re-enacted [[June 29]], [[1906]]),<ref>{{cite book<br />
| last = Greeley<br />
| first = Horace<br />
| authorlink = Horace Greeley<br />
| title = The Tribune Almanac and Political Register<br />
| publisher = The Tribune Association<br />
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=n4w3AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131&lpg=PA131&dq=who+disbelieves+in+or+is+opposed+to+all&source=web&ots=so7lfGe1I_&sig=sAQ51cowzlVVmfVM-0gcw0SBLpA<br />
| year = 1909<br />
| page = 131<br />
| doi = <br />
| isbn = }}</ref> soon after the [[assassination]] of [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[William McKinley]] by a Polish immigrant, [[Leon Czolgosz]]. Then-president [[Theodore Roosevelt]] requested the legislation from Congress, which was the first legislation in the U.S. since the [[Alien and Sedition Acts]] of 1798 that permitted those attempting to enter the country to be questioned about their political beliefs.<ref>{{cite book<br />
| last = Vowell<br />
| first = Sarah<br />
| authorlink = Sarah Vowell<br />
| title = Assassination Vacation<br />
| publisher = [[Simon and Schuster]]<br />
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XdJid7UW9PEC&pg=PA220&lpg=PA220&dq=%22anarchist+exclusion+act%22&source=web&ots=DK-PuD26Tm&sig=GGXQ_vEr-FtTs7yz98FL7WP6y00<br />
| year = 1999<br />
| page = 220<br />
| doi = <br />
| isbn = 074326004X }}</ref> The act specifically barred anyone {{quotation|''"who disbelieves in or who is opposed to all organized government, or who is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining or teaching such disbelief in or opposition to all organized government."''<ref name="NYT">{{cite news <br />
| title = In Defense of Anarchy<br />
| url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D04E4D71039E333A25756C0A9649D946297D6CF<br />
| format = newspaper<br />
| work = New York Times<br />
| publisher = The New York Times<br />
| location = New York, New York<br />
| id = <br />
| page = 8<br />
| date = December 5, 1903<br />
| accessdate = 2007-07-12<br />
| language = English<br />
| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
}}</ref>}} Immediately following a speech given by a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] anarchist named [[John Turner (anarchist)|John Turner]] at the [[Murray Hill Lyceum]], Immigration officials arrested Turner, and found a copy of [[Johann Most]]'s ''Free Society'', and Turner's speaking schedule, which included a memorial to the [[Haymarket Martyrs]]. This was enough evidence to deport him. Immediately following, [[Emma Goldman]] organized a Free Speech League to contest the deportation. She recruited [[Clarence Darrow]] and [[Edgar Lee Masters]] to defend him.<ref name="Chalberg">{{cite book<br />
| last = Chalberg<br />
| first = John<br />
| authorlink = John Chalberg<br />
| title = Emma Goldman: American Individualist<br />
| publisher = [[Harper Collins]]<br />
| year = 1991<br />
| page = 85-86<br />
| doi = <br />
| isbn = 0673521028 }}</ref> After Goldman organized a meeting at [[Cooper Union]] of those opposing the deportation, the New York Times editorialized in favor of the act, and deportation of Turner. They referred to the people at the meeting as "ignorant and half-crazy dreamers" and declared that it was the country's "right - in the belief of Congress and of many, probably of most, Americans', it makes it our duty - to exclude him."<ref name="NYT"/> <br />
<br />
Darrow and Masters presented their defense of Turner before the [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]]. They argued that the law was unconstitutional and that Turner was merely a "[[Philosophical anarchism|philosophical anarchist]]", and therefore not a threat to the government. The Court ruled against Turner, with Chief Justice [[Melville Fuller]] writing the majority opinion. Fuller held that the Bill of Rights did not apply to aliens, and that Congress had the right to deny entry to anyone they deemed a threat to the country. Turner became the first person deported under the act.<ref name="Chalberg"/><br />
<br />
The following year, of 7,994 people denied entry into the U.S., one was denied for being an anarchist.<ref>{{cite book<br />
| last = Farnsworth Hall<br />
| first = Prescott<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| title = Immigration and its effects upon the United States<br />
| publisher = H. Holt<br />
| series = American Public Problems<br />
| year = 1906<br />
| page = 240 }}</ref><br />
<br />
==The 1918 act==<br />
The second act (also known as the '''Immigration Act of October 16, 1918''', ch. 186, {{USStat|40|1012}}) was enacted on [[October 16]], [[1918]].<ref name="NYT2">{{cite news <br />
| title = New Immigrant Net: How Other Causes Have Anticipated Effect of the Dillingham Act<br />
| author = Remsen Crawford<br />
| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9900E5DE173EEE3ABC4852DFB166838A639EDE<br />
| format = newspaper<br />
| work = New York Times<br />
| publisher = The New York Times<br />
| location = New York, New York<br />
| id = <br />
| page = <br />
| date = July 10, 1921<br />
| accessdate = 2007-07-12<br />
| language = English<br />
| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
}}</ref> It specified {{quotation|''"that aliens who are anarchists; aliens who believe in or advocate the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States or of all forms of law; aliens who disbelieve in or are opposed to all organized government; aliens who advocate or teach the assassination of public officials; aliens who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction of property; aliens who are members of or affiliated with any organization that entertains a belief in, teaches, or advocates the overthrow by force or violence of the Government of the United States or of all forms of law, or that entertains or teaches disbelief or opposition to all organized government, or that advocates the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals, or of officers generally, of the Government of the United States or any other organized government, because of his or their character, or that advocates or teaches the unlawful destruction of property, shall be excluded from admission into the United States"''}}<br />
<br />
In 1919, the New York Times reported that in the fiscal year 1918, two people were "excluded from the United States"... and "(t)hirty-seven 'were deported after being found illegally in this country.'"<ref name="NYT3">{{cite news <br />
| title = Alien Anarchists<br />
| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C05EFD9123BEE32A25756C1A9649D946896D6CF<br />
| format = newspaper<br />
| work = New York Times<br />
| publisher = The New York Times<br />
| location = New York, New York<br />
| id = <br />
| page = 14<br />
| date = December 15, 1919<br />
| accessdate = 2007-07-12<br />
| language = English<br />
| archiveurl = <br />
| archivedate = <br />
}}</ref><br />
After more than four thousand alleged Communists were arrested for deportation under the act, the Department of Labor refused to deport the bulk of those arrested; [[United States Secretary of Labor|Secretary of Labor]] [[William Bauchop Wilson|William B. Wilson]] was threatened with impeachment over the refusal.<ref>http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/history/dpt.htm</ref> This act was repealed in 1952.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Repression]]<br />
[[Category:History of anarchism]]<br />
[[it:Anarchist Exclusion Act]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Discordianism&diff=58133
Talk:Discordianism
2015-10-26T09:12:20Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58132 by 46.246.86.44 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>We reeeeealy should have a decent entry for this. The whole friggin religion is about Anarchism.</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Anarchopedia:Community_Portal&diff=58130
Talk:Anarchopedia:Community Portal
2015-10-09T07:51:59Z
<p>Antispam: Reverted edits by 37.59.238.77 (Talk) to last version by 208.92.217.184</p>
<hr />
<div><center>Welcome to '''Anarchopedias Community Portal!'''</center><br />
<br />
==Disambiguation pages==<br />
Ive noticed a lot of disambiguation pages, epsecially ones about abbreviations, that dont actually have any articles to direct to. What is the point of this?--[[User:151.199.25.180|151.199.25.180]] 21:49, 9 July 2006 (UTC)<br />
Ive noticed that too, and ive sterted deleting them [[User:Carlostmpl|Carlostmpl]]<br />
<br />
GFDL is not appropriate to a wiki. Should be replaced by GNU GPL or a Creative Common Licence<br />
(discussion on meta community portal)<br />
<br />
:I think we should make this a lot more organised. Wikipedia's articles are duplicatable; I believe we should copy those articles first, then modify them to our own standards. As of now, this looks like a sub-standard wiki; just a mess. We can add the anarchist perspective and rearrange the (already well-organised) articles as we wish. [[User:lockeownzj00|lockeownzj00]] 20:46, 12 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
You are right. Anarchopedia in English doesn't have a lot of contributors and my English is not so well. Some time ago, I started to copy Wikipedia's articles about anarchism, and I'll join you :) next week. --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 21:13, 12 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
What's the point of this? If you do a search on Google of a passage from a Wikipedia article for Louis XIV - [http://www.google.com/search?q=%22bankruptcy+when+Louis+XIV+assumed%22 &amp;amp;quot;bankruptcy when Louis XIV assumed&amp;amp;quot;], you get 109 hits, with Wikipedia being #1. Why be hit #110? What's the point of just cloning Wikipedia?<br />
<br />
I have copied articles from Wikipedia, usually original articles by a good author. I think copying wholesale Wikipedia articles is pointless. If you want to copy and modify articles from Wikipedia, then copy them to your hard drive, modify it and then upload it. What's the point of being just another Wikipedia clone? [[User:Lance Murdoch|Lance Murdoch]] 01:32, 13 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I'm going to add articles from Wikipedia I created or contributed toward, largely articles on U.S. leftist groups. [[User:DJ Silverfish|DJ Silverfish]] 18:56, 20 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Why is copying all of Wikipedia pointless? No, that's a bad question... let me try again:<br />
<br />
:What is the purpose of this site other than to be "not [[Wikipedia]]"? If the purpose is to be an encyclopedia, doesn't it make sense to start with an encyclopedia that you think needs work and then ''do that work''? Any other position would seem to be based merely on territorialism. -[[User:Harmil|Harmil]] 21:26, 30 Jun 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Sorry to sound negative, but was this site started by non-anarchists to make anarchists look hopelessly disorganised? I thought that Wikipedia was a mess, but this... [[User:81.202.195.21|81.202.195.21]] 14:40, 8 Jul 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Hehehe... I started it and I ''am'' an anarchist. People from [[:deu:|German]] and [[:fra:|French]] Anarchopedia are better organized because they were working on site organization. So, if you want to make some better organization here, you are welcome. The point is ''self-organization'', not leadership. And we have a lot of time to try to do that. To say again here (and this is the answer to Harmil's question, too): Anarchopedia should be "an anarchist encyclopedia" and "an encyclopedia for anarchists", but also the virtual place where we can try to build anarchy. May we organize us without leaders and power; at least in the virtual world? ... as well as with people who are not explicit anarchists? Even [http://www.infoshop.org/wiki/ Infoshop OpenWiki] doesn't intend to be "an encyclopedia for anarchists" (just "an anarchist encyclopedia") Anarchopedia would not have a lot of sense without the goal to build a virtual anarchy. --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 00:09, 11 Jul 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:So, this is the main reason why I am writing here only at the talk pages. People who want to write here should write here without the idea that Anarchopedia is "project which belongs to someone" and without the idea that one person can make decisions about relations between contributors or about the site content. --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 00:09, 11 Jul 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:It is not easy to make even virtual society without hierarchy and we want to do that in reality. The good thing is that we have a lot of time to try to do that here (or anywhere else). --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 00:09, 11 Jul 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Consider the [[open politics in force]] [[ruleset]]: [http://openpolitics.ca/open+politics+in+force it seems to set very ambitious goals for having mutually self-reinforcing rules that people enforce on each other with minimal input from advisors].<br />
<br />
==Restored data==<br />
I restored eng: from database dump from September 8th. Between 5 ti 10 changes (from 8, 9, and 10 September) are lost. --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 17:49, 11 Sep 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:No big deal, it should take just a few minutes to resubmit the changes (and apparently i was the only person active during the period :). [[User:e★f|e★f]] 20:26, 11 Sep 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Eng is on new server==<br />
[[User:millosh|millosh]] 14:50, 13 Sep 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==User unfriendly==<br />
<br />
Want to grow the articles here? Improve the ease of submitting a new article. First, what the hell is this about having to log in to create an article? How anarchic is that? Second, typing an entry in to the search box should bring up a "create new article" dialog if the database query finds nothing, not the apocryphal MySQL space language it does now. [[User:Denni|Denni]] 01:38, 14 Dec 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: We have a very small community here so far, and i think this ([[Special:Userlogin|logging]] in first) was done to prevent bots from editing and creating crap articles... personally seeing how there was an influx of regestering bots around, i say this rule has to be deprecated, since it doesn't help anyhow. {{User:beta_m/sig}}<br />
<br />
:: First of all, YOU DONT HAVE TO BE LOGGED IN TO CREATE AN ARTICLE! Second, making a new article is not terribly complicated. All you have to do is search for it, and if it doesnt come up a link will show up in red at the top of the page. Anyone that cant figure out how to do that probably shouldn't be contributing to Anarchopedia anyway. Im sick of people complaining about how you have to be logged in and how it is un-anarchistic. I have a user name, but I dont always log in with it (usually due to laziness) and it never hinders my ability to edit articles. Furthermore, if you look at the records, only one user was ever banned from this website, and that was because he added "an eggcup" onto the end of every article he could find.<br />
<br />
:::Right on.<br />
<br />
== can't write on eng: ? ==<br />
<br />
i tryied to [[User talk:Libre/dads|make a translation]] for "diego abad de santillan" from the [[:fr:Diego Abad de Santillán|french article]], and put it on eng:, but it [[Special:Recentchanges|seems created]], but it show nothing : see [[Diego Abad de Santillan]].<br />
What happen ?<br />
[[User:Libre|Libre]] 08:51, 13 June 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: something strange !? it passed now ???!! finally good :) [[User:Libre|Libre]] 08:52, 13 June 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: It happens sometimes that you have to submit the same thing twice before it actually works. I suspect it has something to do with the timeout threshhold being too low. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|Beta_M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <sup>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup> {{{1|09:37}}}<br />
<br />
== licensing ==<br />
<br />
I also have thought a bit about licenses. I think the bad thing about licenses like GFDL and CC are that they gibe somebody the right to go to the courts in order to enforce the rights. I think for anarchists that should be a no-go. So I suggest to develop an anarchistic anti-licenses. This should be very short, maybe one paragraph - and could also be used on other projects. The idea is to give the people the "rights" they need but make clear that these "rights" can not be enforced by any jurisdiction. I would call such a license AAL [[Anarchist Anti License]]. The "Anti" should make clear that this is not a real license. Please take a look at http://www.cypherspace.org/CPL/ for an idea - but I think this could be made much shorter. --[[User:Vinci|Vinci]] 08:50, 2 July 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: I do like the idea, but think it's more silly then anything. {{ll|Public domain}} is the way to go if we want to be anarchic. And i don't see what is wrong with GNU GPL anyhow. Taking away somebody's right to restict freedoms of others isn't a bad thing, nor is it anti-anarchist. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|Beta_M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <sup>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup> [[2006]] [[July 02]] 16:47 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
<br />
::The problem with [[public domain]] is that someone takes your stuff and changes it and then claims they own the changes, even if they are just corrections, then sues you. The only way around this is a [[share alike]] license, and yes the [[GFDL]] does qualify. It gives you a lot of powers actually if you use the [[GFDL Secondary Section]]s properly - especially the [[GFDL Invariant Section]] - to make sure no one can abuse the materials. For instance you could add an Invariant Section promoting anarchy and giving all the most useful URLs to anyone who reads any derived article. So an article on [[gardening]] would only be distributed with a secondary section on how to [[anarchize gardening]], e.g. by planting [[illegal plant]]s in everyone else's garden all around.<br />
<br />
::You could write a more complex [[terms of use]] like [[let.sysops.be]] or [[openpolitics.ca]] or [[lp.greenparty.ca]] to sort out all the various possibilities. One nice idea that came from the (now defunct) [[livingplatform.ca]] was to let tense of articles and PoV of articles actually determine their copyright. So instructions were [[CC-by-sa]] but political opinions were [[CC-by]], and compilations of many opinions were [[CC-by-nc-sa]] etc.<br />
<br />
== anarchy or not ==<br />
<br />
Anarchy or not, how are people supposed to find what they<br />
want? What is the meaning of anarchy? chaos and time wasting?<br />
<br />
:They can use the search engine, or they can just learn the lingo. The language used to describe community here, like [[faction]] stuff, is 'way more sensible than Wikipedia which tries to deny there are factions and everyone Jiminy Wales hates is a "troll."<br />
<br />
== So, what is the rationale behind bans? ==<br />
<br />
Yes, vandals are obviously bad, but isn't banning them un-anarchic? Could someone explain what the reasoning is?<br />
<br />
:{{ll|Anarchism}} is about empowering people for social change, not making slaves of everyone. Every community has the right to demand that it will not be oppressed, and vandals do exactly that. Think about it: A landlord can come and instill [[gender neutral pronoun|ans]] rule in your house, and vandals come in and destroy our project.<br />
:Anarchism is '''[[what anarchism is not|not]]''' [[anomie]] or [[nihilism]]. There is nothing wrong with protecting your home and your life from others. We welcome everybody to come in and contribute to the project, but not to destroy it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|Beta_M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <sup>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup> [[2006]] [[October 28]] 07:35 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
<br />
::Quite, anarchism doesn't mean "no rules" it means rules are made and applied by community consensus. All anarchist communities have the right to exclude someone who breaches the rules, as long as there is a consensus for such a course of action. Indeed in anarchism exclusion from the community is considered the greatest sanction against an individual, and is usually the last resort. On the other hand any individual in the community should ''want'' to follow the rules because the community itself has decided those rules, anyone who does not want to follow the rules is quite free to move to a different community where the rules are different. Isn't this the basis of freedom? All communities have the freedom to function independently. Trolls/vandals are not interested in contributing to the community, they just want to disrupt it, so why should we put up with it? [[User:Alun|Alun]] 05:44, 9 April 2008 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Questions==<br />
I have a few:<br />
*I've found that I'll type in the exact title of a page into the search bar and hit go or search, and it won't take me to it or offer me any options (I'm aware of the case-sensitive thing). What's going on and how can I fix it? <br />
*I've read that all logged-in users have sysop rights. Is this no longer true? I'm not able to delete anything. (I'd like to delete some spammer- and vandal-created pages). If I have to petition for sysop rights, how do I do it? <br />
*Just curious: The case sensitivity thing seems like a terrible inconvenience; what's the rationale behind it? <br />
*Can anyone point me to existing discussion about the possibility of joining forces with other underpopulated anarchist wikis?<br />
Thanks in advance, [[User:Delldot|Delldot]] 03:13, 1 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
Some answers... (sorry did not see this before)<br />
:# seems to be working for me (just tried "Wikipedia" and "labor note")<br />
:# I am not sure about the current setting, one year ago it was changed to give admin-rights three days since the first edit. The software configuration should be published. The people currently managing the server can be contacted via the mailing list [http://lists.mutualaid.org/mailman/listinfo/anarchopedia-tech anarchopedia-dev], and occasionally via IRC [#anarchopedia@irc.indymedia.org].<br />
:# I agree with you... I like the ability to distinguish between "moon" and "Moon" for example, but the software could be smarter and automatically redirect when just one of the two possible titles is missing, (possibly a bot could create the redirect).<br />
:~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 16:13, 11 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Suggestions==<br />
*Merging this page with [[Talk:Main Page]], since both do basically the same thing, so discussion is fragmented between the two (or actually creating a community portal, but that would take work). <br />
*Not blocking open proxies. I was doing it for a while blocking spammers, but then I decided it's pointless, since a spambot will edit from a new IP most every time, while blocking an open proxy could conceivably deter a legitimate editor (e.g. someone who has to obscure their IP due to political repression...). I'm thinking of unblocking the ones I blocked, any objections? [[User:Delldot|Delldot]] 05:05, 10 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
:I don't think that IPs are blocked all the way. They are blocked from editing without registration as far as i know. I do like an idea of merging this with [[Talk:Main Page]] &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[May 10]] 06:21 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
:I think I agree, we would have to deal a little more with spammers, but I would not want those users (or anybody) to be accidentally blocked from editing. ~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 15:38, 11 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
::With the spammer thing, I guess the question is how often are they reusing that IP? If one IP is consistently spamming/vandalizing, sure it makes sense to block. But if a spambot is using a new IP each time anyway, then I say it's a waste of time to block them and the (admittedly quite small) chance that someone legitimate would want to edit from it would make it not worth it. Therefore I propose that we look at the user's contribs before blocking them. If they only have one or two edits, consider not blocking or keeping the block short. Beta, I know that in newer versions of the software there's an option to allow editing from registerred users from an IP you're blocking, but I think it's a new feature and we'd have to update the software to get it. I think autoblocking still exists here. [[User:Delldot|Delldot]] 04:03, 16 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
:::After thinking about it i no longer block IP if it's been used only once, also i've noticed that spammers change their IPs while vandals tend to use their own ones. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[May 16]] 10:35 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
::::Cool, then if no one objects I'll go through my block log and unblock the open proxies I blocked. I think the vandal/spammer difference is because vandals don't have a profit motive so usually aren't sophisticated enough to be using an open proxy, they're mostly just kids fucking around. Whereas spammers are running bots and doing this to a lot of different sites. [[User:Delldot|Delldot]] 16:40, 17 May 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Search question==<br />
<br />
When I put in terms for as yet uncreated articles, why does the "Sorry cannot find *whatever* have a colon in front and a question after, with quotes around?<br />
<br />
"anarchopedia" btw should auto-redirect to Anarchopedia.<br />
<br />
:You could have been bold and did the redirect yourself. q;-) &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[June 19]] 04:06 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
<br />
Hi everyone, I'm new here. Hope I can be useful. However, I have something to ask; as I am a member of Italian anarchopedia too, we have a problem with an idiot who likes o cancel our pages; if you have or if you had the same problem, how are you fighting it or how did you stop it?<br />
<br />
==Case sensitivity==<br />
Why the case sensitivity and why do people create articles with lower-case letters, even the first one? --[[User:Popperipopp|Popperipopp]] 20:12, 12 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
:Because it is usual encyclopedic manner (to write a title as it would be written if it is in the middle of sentence). Wikipedia doesn't follow this. --[[User:Millosh|Millosh]] 22:34, 12 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
:BTW, if you need a bot for making redirects, please let me know and I'll make one. --[[User:Millosh|Millosh]] 22:44, 12 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Oh, I didn't know that. Sure, but I can't say that I have fully understood how one control those bots. --[[User:Popperipopp|Popperipopp]] 23:19, 12 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
:::Thanks to one guy from development team of pywikipediabot Anarchopedia is compatible with it. In general, everything which is written [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Using_the_python_wikipediabot here] counts for Anarchopedia, too. You may be introduced in this bot even [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hur_man_använder_en_python_wikipediabot in Sweden] :) --[[User:Millosh|Millosh]] 01:02, 13 August 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== General Strike ==<br />
<br />
I have been propagandizing the General Strike for 9/11/2007 in several places, and I thought I could also comment about it here. I intended linking [[strike action]] elsewhere when I mention the strike, but I'm seeing it's still full of red links. Then I thought of proposing cleaning it up, but you would probably tell me to do it myself (at least it's what I would say). So... well, are you planning to help with the strike somehow? I see it as a step in the right direction, even if the results are small, as they will be; I feel general strikes in the USA, and moreover arising from grassroots movements as this one should be happily celebrated by anarchists.<br />
<br />
:Yes, you do need to do something yourself, but i will take a look at that article and see if i can do something (at least create some worthy stubs). &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[August 20]] 04:48 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
<br />
== Notes/questions by a new user ==<br />
*Nice project<br />
*How does one become an administrator (that is, one with blocking powers)?<br />
*Can any logged-in user protect and delete?<br />
*We should get cascade-protection working, it's a lot better than [[Template:Deletedpage]]<br />
*We ought to get rid of those annoying spambots, how does Wikipedia handle them?<br />
[[User:Koekje|Koekje]] 18:52, 4 September 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Hello Koekje... I'll try to answer again...<br />
:2) The consensus here appears to be that every contributor should have administrator status. Still I think that real anarchistic management is impossible with a client server-model such as the one used by [[Mediawiki]]. We would need a distributed database and peer-to-peer software. What is your view in the matter?<br />
:3) I think that is enabled automatically 3 days since the first edit.<br />
:4) I'm not sure about what cascade protection is. Will look into it.<br />
::Cascade protection looks like [http://img529.imageshack.us/img529/8303/cascadein9.png this], was implemented in January 2007 for Wikipedia and it is used there to list pages that are protected against re-creation in one page (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protected_titles]), which is in turn 'cascade-protected' so that they cannot be re-created. If cascade-protection doesn't work, we have to use something like [[Template:deletedpage]], and then the page does technically exist (you can find it by using [[Special:Random]], it shows up in page creation logs, etc). [[User:Koekje|Koekje]] 16:36, 6 September 2007 (UTC)<br />
:5) They are very annoying.., I would think most are handled by the "recent-changes patrollers". But it is also possible to tag certain urls as spam so spammers cannot post them (see [[meta:Spam blacklist]])<br />
:Hope to continue seeing you in Anarchopedia. ~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 13:13, 5 September 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== envirowiki interlinking ==<br />
<br />
hey hey. I have set up all the anachopedia interlinks for each language in envirowiki. The full list is here: [http://en.envirowiki.info/Envirowiki:Interwiki_links http://en.envirowiki.info/Envirowiki:Interwiki_links]. the page also includes all the envirowiki interlinks for each of our languages, not hard to do a find+replace and change them all to eg. "en-envirowiki", etc.. If someone's up for it.--[[User:Naught101|Naught101]] 20:51, 16 December 2007 (UTC)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Important Pages Missing?==<br />
I know that I should be just be doing it myself rather than talking here, but writing is my one weak point. There are certain ideas and practices of anarchists that mainstream media has stereotyped and misrepresented. It seems an anarchist wikipedia should be one of the places that explains the alternative view on these, however, these areas are lacking or nonexistent. "Vandalism" is two sentences long. Shouldn't this page be explaining various anarchist interpretations (Buildings are vandalism of Nature, all property should be public, etc.)? "Graffiti" doesn't even have a page, and isn't even really touched on on art. Now, vanadalism and graffiti isn't what anarchy is really about, but you know that many people believe thats the definition of anarchism.<br />
<br />
==Guidelines==<br />
<br />
I know that this is an anarchist wiki, so "policies" (by which I mean "rules") should be avoided (unless something really clever like the wikipedia "ignore all rules" element is added), but shouldn't this wiki at least have a few guidelines? Something to tell people what to do, how to do it, advice on managing conflict, etc etc etc. Just a suggestion... [[User:82.0.206.215|82.0.206.215]] 21:21, 19 February 2008 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:This has been discussed in the [[meta:Ideas_for_the_4th_General_Meeting]] and currently i am copiling the proposal that is accessible if you go to [[meta:Anarchopedia:Policies]]. [[anarchism|Anarchism]] doesn't actually means lack of rules, it does mean lack of oppression, so there is nothing wrong with creating rules which stop the oppression of the project by some person or group, you do have a point that the policies will have to be fluid to disallow somebody from gaining an advantage on another person by using legal manoeuvring. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2008]] [[February 20]] 15:58 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
<br />
==Creation of Anarchopedia:Inter-projects==<br />
After the discussions of the 4th general meeting, I finally created the page [http://meta.anarchopedia.org/Anarchopedia:Inter-projects Inter-projects on Meta]. All the projects and participating persons are invited to participate to this activity that is about developping more links between projects. - samarre<br />
<br />
==[[Uri Gordon]]==<br />
<br />
Hi can someone publish this article (everything's locked), I'm from the french encyclopedia and someone did wrote that in english.<br />
<br />
Uri Gordon<br />
<br />
Uri Gordon (b. 30 Aug 1976) is an Israeli activist and academic. He is the author of Anarchy Alive!: Anti-Authoritarian Politics from Practice to Theory (Pluto Press). While completing his doctoral research in Oxford he organized with community initiatives and anti-capitalist networks including Dissent!, Indymedia and Anarchists Against the Wall. He has also published articles in the journals Anarchist Studies and Refractions. Gordon now teaches environmental politics and ethics at the Arava Institute for Environmental Studies, which brings together Israeli, Palestinian, Jordanian and International students. His research continues to focus on grassroots sustainability, radical peace-making and anarchist politics. He is also active as a facilitator, trainer and translator.<br />
<br />
Thanks<br />
<br />
<br />
== Anarchopedia in spanish ==<br />
hello. since you were successful in keeping neoliberals or as they like to call themselves "anarchocapitalists" out of here, i wondered if you could help us in anarchopedia in spanish since seems these people are already trying to take over ther. in wikipedia in spanish they already almost took over through a user called Nihilo who also is active in wikipedia in english with the name Nihilo 01. In wikipedia in spanish right now theres a big trouble over this and in wikipedia in english hes been already blocked a couple of times for trying to eliminate inclusive democracy from the article anarchist economics. anyway. i wonder if anyone could help us.<br />
<br />
:Hi everyone, I'm an administrator of italian anarchopedia, we recently found out what the previous user has already written. Spanish Anarchopedia is ruled by anarchocapitalists! We know this very big problem has been reported by the french anarchopedia and by an user in spa.anarchopedia. I and the others admin in ita.anarchopedia think we all shall unite and raise against those pseudo-anarchists! You can visit us at [http://ita.anarchopedia.org/Anarcopedia:Collettivo_Anarchopedia#Anarchopedia_spagnola_in_mano_agli_anarco-capitalisti]--[[User:Roinmc|Roinmc]] 18:41, 5 June 2010 (UTC)<br />
::Please visit also [http://spa.anarchopedia.org/Discusi%C3%B3n:Portada#A_todos_los_administradores_de_sp.anarchopedia here] and join in the discussion.Thanks.--[[User:Altipiani azionanti|Altipiani azionanti]] 19:14, 5 June 2010 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Anarchopedia is becoming authoritarian ==<br />
<br />
Please, completely deregulate Anarchopedia. As an anarchy on the World Wide Web, we should ''not'' stop people from making new pages. If you believe the project fundamentally flawed, start a new one. Anarchopedia doesn't claim slips can't happen (or don't). Many criticisms of Wikipedia, generally apply to sites built on the same software and customs.<br />
<br />
==Anarchists are getting a bad name in Toronto==<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_G-20_Toronto_summit 2010 G-20 Toronto summit], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_G-20_Toronto_summit_protests 2010 G-20 Toronto summit protests], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Bloc Black Bloc]. There was stuff about this [http://www.linchpin.ca/ "Southern Ontario Anarchists"].[[Special:Contributions/70.54.181.70|70.54.181.70]] 20:12, 29 June 2010 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==What's the difference between AP and Wikipedia?==<br />
[[Special:Contributions/70.54.181.70|70.54.181.70]] 20:16, 29 June 2010 (UTC)<br />
:All the time I might spend telling you something you can easily see for yourself, I could spend making the distinction more profound. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 23:08, 9 December 2010 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Should I be private (anonymous-pseudonymous) or public?==<br />
<br />
I’ve been thinking a lot about this question: for the past several years in fact.<br/><br/><br />
I’m in a unique position, insofar that I have been (in my view) quite inconsequential in life, and relative to my contemporaries—I’m in my mid-40’s—have achieved little—indeed even many of those 20 years younger than I have achieved (at least statistically) more than I.<br/><br/>I’m a high school drop-out, with no significant work history. Not only am I unmarried, I’ve never had sex (at least with a person). I have no photo ID. I haven’t traveled internationally in +25 years, and even then it was only crossing the Canada-US border, never had a drivers licence, and never needed an age of majority card. Though I’m Canadian, I haven’t been to a doctor in +20 years, nor have had a check-up in +25 years.<br/><br/><br />
I have a computer in my bachelor apartment (government housing at that), but I’ve never been on the internet with it—my internet access is wholly by other computers—most of them such as libraries (using no library card either) and employment centres. I haven’t even had a functioning phone in over 4 years, land line in almost 10 years, a landline in my name in almost 15 years.<br/><br/>With very rare exceptions, I’ve never used my name in emails and the like. Indeed, if I sent a regular mail letter, over half the time, I used a pseudonym (one I’ve been using for so many years, if he was a real person, he could not only legally drink in the US , but maybe have gotten a BA. :-). I only googled myself this year, and while my name is somewhat unique to (most) North Americans, I didn’t show up, but strangely 2 others with my first and last name did—both by the way having PhD’s and seemingly well-paying jobs (though I suppose others with our common name, but less eminent than those two, might also no online presence (at least with their real names) due to inconsequentiality).<br/><br/>Again, I feel that I’m in a unique position.<br/><br/>I could be wrong, but if someone did a background check on me, they’d likely find very little.<br/><br/>Given all of this, and a bit more to be mentioned, I have two choices. Either one would involve a cessation of much of this pondering and soul-searching.<br/><br/>Publicity or Privacy.<br/><br/>In the latter, I could create a pseudonymous identity, or more aptly, more identities, and following some protocols (use other internet access; maybe, just maybe, use proxy servers; tell few, if any, online my real identity, or those I know personally about my online identities). I can post all sorts of things to my heart’s desire, and if I get in trouble with such posts, they will, at worse, be removed, and maybe I create a new identity if any one that I’m using becomes unusable. <br/><br/><br />
True, I’ve done this already, but the newer identities would be better organized, coordinated, stable, and longer-termed (at least they are intended as long term).<br/><br/>With some use of anonymous and pseudonymous postings, I have been able to post some outrageous things—though not typical of my postings—with neither police visits, or getting my ass kicked.<br/><br/>I could take the route of anonymity-pseudonymity—at least outside of my employment or whatever-passes-for-business concerns of mine—and even then, I might practice a fair degree of online privacy. While I’m far from an expert on these matters, I have, over the decade, given a few 100’s of hours of thought on how I’d do it. I occasionally flatter myself that I have ideas that even the Mafia or Al Qaeda, if they came across such, would find interesting.<br/><br/>At the very least, there is likely little online about me, that some super computer could cross-reference with any of my varying identities, to create a profile (or significant profile at least) of my real identity.<br/><br/>So in this, I would be a free man of international mystery—or so I flatter myself.<br/><br/>On the other hand, why spend so much time and so much work at maintaining anonymity-psuedonymity? Mark Twain said something like “The nice thing about telling the truth is that you don’t have to remember what you said,†and [[Sloan (band)|Sloan]] sung “It’s a hard life living a lieâ€: though it’s not so that I’d be living a lie, but rather a life of (mostly) online anonymity or pseudonymity; and if all, or pretty well all, know it’s pseudonymous, then it’s not really a lie, as it would be for, say an ID based on a fake name—such as a first and last name randomly taken from the phone book. For example, if I called myself “AceButchChipSpike†most would figure it’s a fake name—so I’m not really deceiving anyone, or at least most. However, if I called myself, say, “Rob Millerâ€, it sounds like a real name, though I simply took [[Rob Ford]]’s first name and [[Dave Miller]]’s last, combined them, and wa-la, a fake name I can use to deceive.<br/><br/>However, I could forgo the whole (or much of) the anonymity-pseudonymity thing and go public, and if I did, I could get internet access for my apartment. I could start to use my real name and even photos. I could register on Facebook, Yahoo! Answers, Youtube, etc, and truthfully give my name. As much of what I would post, or search, would not be (all that) controversial, I doubt I’d get into much trouble. Much of that which would be controversial would at least be legal, or at least semi-legal. As for a few of the illegal activities (mostly hardcore porn downloads and file sharing—with [[Stephen Harper]] as our PM, and Ignatieff as his deferential “Opposition†such could indeed get quite illegal): many do it—possible safety in numbers, there is likely support from a community, I’m not too afraid of talking to police, and maybe, I’d just do those particular things anonymously—though likely saying that I do so in the pages of my public identity (like someone admitting to smoking pot, but not naming their dealer(s) and/or if they grow it); but if the issue is not of legality or insignificance, I’d post it—even if I’d otherwise be shy, embarrassed, or even a little afraid to do so—credibility would demand as much.<br/><br/>Unlike others, I don’t have to be worried (at least as much) about offending people: As I have no wife, children, employer, or co-workers, I’d have no wife, children, employer, or co-workers to worry about offending. Ditto my distant relatives—if they are so offended that they’d never write to me again—and that’s not entirely certain, then so what: in +10 years we’ve exchanged little more than greeting cards (they being perhaps as distant from me personally as they are physically). There’s also the possibility that 1% of my 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cousins might take a great and quick liking to me.<br/><br/>My father’s been dead for over 10 years, my mother’s in a nursing home with possible senile dementia, and I’m estranged from my brother. The church I go to for a weekly meal and food bank purposes know well that I’m a liberal left-wing (somewhat) atheist—and yet we maintain a fair degree of amicability and even respect.<br/><br/>As I live in a big city, in a public housing complex, filled with sad stories, I have little concern about what my neighbours think.<br/><br/>So, in my view, I’m in a wonderful position to start this.<br/><br/>In exchange for being public:<br/>(1) there would be far less energy and time diverted in maintaining anonymity-pseudonymity;<br/>(2) along those lines, I could use just one identity, and fuse some of my older ones.<br/>(3) as well as acquiring opponents, I’d get supporters<br/>(4) less time and energy (and worry) about the relationship between my online and real world contacts<br/>(7) I could use the internet from home. This means I’d have the convenience of 24/7 access in any state I’m in, or weather. It also work well with multi-tasking (such as baking a cake while using the internet, drying off after a shower, watching TV (or listening to it), listening to music out of speakers, doing laundry (the time interval when the machine’s in use, et), while waiting on hold, for a response from the agency that considers my call so important, doing something boring and monotonous while thinking of a good response to post, etc).<br/><br />
As an anonymous-pseudonymous account, I’d have to forgo these. My choices would be limited to:<br/>(a) using a computer at home, but it wouldn’t be connected, and thus my online time (on another computer) would be limited, and spent on fast downloads for latter perusals, or fast uploading content that I hope would be still relevant;<br/>(b) waste lots of time in uni-tasking;<br/>(c) rent another apartment—a bit over $600 a month—in another name, for the sole purpose of anonymous-pseudonymous internet use and multitasking;<br/>(d) or figure out a way of somewhat connecting to the internet from my current apartment where the traffic isn’t associated with my real name or address, or even close to my address (currently I’m thinking very strong wii signals, satellite connections, stringing my own cable from a place at least 300 yards from where I live).<br/><br/>(8) I’d be nice to be able to use email for real life contacts, instead of writing letters, sending packages, and hoping that they would respond the same (though I suppose with so many people getting so many emails, so much spam, and it being deletable, letters and packages would be more noticeable).<br/><br/>(9) By fusing my online identities and aspects of my real life identities, such as me as the person, me as the small businessman, me as the founder (or co-founder) of small organizations, me as the amateur artist and musician, contacts in one of these might be able to help in another.<br/><br/>For instance, 10 applicants are looking for a job. One is less qualified than most of the others, but he manages to get into a chat with the employer about their mutual love of soccer. Guess who gets hired. He has his own website with links to profile pages. Women online find a page of his while googling. They then check out his site and profiles on other sites. For a split second, some think of a sexual relationship with him. Most are disgusted at the thought—a few even retch. More still aren’t as visceral, but still figure it’s undesirable. But a few might like the idea. No lies, little time wasted.<br/><br/>(10) I could join varying sites that require to members to give names and the like. True, I could lie for such membership already, but I like to be a truthful as possible—either give them the info or not join (or come up with a justification for lying that was based on several 10’s of hours soul-searching, perusing the Terms of Service/Use, or if the entity really ‘’deserves’’ my truth).<br/><br/>(11) Travel and access the sites I currently access. So even if there was a way that I’d be making a trail insofar that a super-computer could cross-reference the places where my pages were access and perhaps modified, and then to my entry and exits of a country, it wouldn’t matter.<br/><br/>My questions here are<br/><br/>(1) Do I have a good assessment of the situation?<br/><br/>(2) What course would you advise—particularly given that there is on one hand, little on the internet about me—at least my real name; while on the other, no one close to me would be terribly offended by my posts if I started to generate content on the internet that would be associated with me, and some which would be controversial.<br/><br/>(3) Points, tips, and insights?<br/><br/>(4) Anybody who was in my situation, or something like it, who made a choice, and if so, what was it, and how did it turn out?<br/><br/>(5) Are things revocable? For instance, while people may be haunted by stuff they post, there may be, if you will, an evanescence (it ain’t just the name of a band ïŠ) of memory—or at least its relevance.<br/><br/>For instance, if there are, say, 10 billion security cameras, each with over, say, 6 000 hours of video a year, for a creation of, say, 60 trillion hours of video, how many full time employees would it require to monitor and analyze the contents for criminals, perverts, or those engaged in un-patriotic and/or counter-revolutionary (or those considered to be) activities? <br/><br/>The way I figure it, if computers could squish it 1 000 fold, it’d still be 60 billion hours. Pay them $10/hr, and it’d be $0.6 trillion. If each monitor worked 2 000 hours a year, you’d need 30 million of them. If as little as 1% of them were corrupt, it’d be 300 000 of them.<br/><br/>Mind you, analyses of text would likely be quicker—I suppose.<br/><br/>Would the DEA be interested that I smoked marijuana 26 years ago.<br/><br/>Once “outted†could I go back into the closet? (No, I’m not gay, but arguably as perverted as one—at least a contemporary of mine, such as Sarah Palin, might think so :-)<br/><br/>Thank you for any help and comments, and for reading this long post.<br/><br/>To increase my chances at good responses, I’ve posted the same question in a few other places. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Miscellaneous#Should_I_be_private_.28anonymous-pseudonymous.29_or_public.3F Wikipedia's Reference Desk], <br />
[http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Saloon_bar#Should_I_be_private_.28anonymous-pseudonymous.29_or_public.3F RationalWiki's Saloon Bar] and <br />
[http://libertapedia.org/wiki/Libertapedia:Forum#Should_I_be_private_.28anonymous-pseudonymous.29_or_public.3F Libertapedia]. As per the protocols for cross-posting, the posting in the Wikipedia Reference desk will be the main posting, though I will, of course, read and consider all. If there are objections to my cross-posting, please let me know.<br/>[[Special:Contributions/70.54.181.70|70.54.181.70]] 20:17, 27 July 2010 (UTC)<br />
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== User Block request for Advertising Bot ==<br />
[[Special:Contributions/79.142.67.120]] is a spam bot for some online pharmaceutical outlet. Please block, and investigate the IP. It may well already be policy to do so, but I would block the source as well if it could be determined it was a commercial source and not a shared one such as an educational facility or a cyber cafe. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 23:08, 9 December 2010 (UTC)<br />
::Also [[Special:Contributions/59.57.14.91]] , who has made in total, 14 edits to 3 articles, all of them advertising spam. The content is not the issue with this editor, as they always delete their previous edit content, it is the spamming of the edit history, which ends up consuming a great deal of bytes itself (See [[Wikipedia:User:Anarchangel#How many bytes does an edit take up?]]) [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 22:49, 24 December 2010 (UTC)<br />
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== Viaduct not Veritas ==<br />
My new soundbite slogan for what Categories could be, on AP. On WP everyone gets het up about labelling something with a Category, because it is supposed to be Truth that that Category Is That Article. You will pardon my rhetorical use of capitals; I don't have anything against declaring something to be Truth, unless it gets in the way of the usefulness of something. What else would we be doing on this mudball if not looking, in one way or another, for Truth and Goodness, but dodging other people's hapless or twisted definitions of those. Categories are incredibly useful at linking to not just one article, but masses of articles. They are an intuitive and fast Navigation tool ''if they are inclusive''. That is to say, [[Propaganda of the Deed]] links to Category:Terrorism, even tho' it is not terrorism, because it is thought by some that it is, whence one can find [[Security services using membership in Tablighi Jamaat as a rationale for anti-terrorist action]], with the category Religion, which leads to [[Discordianism]], which is categorized as both a Religion and a Fictional religion. In other words, one can surf, and potentially see more articles with each click than is practical to include in any See Also section.<br />
<br />
So Categories are navigational tools, thus Viaduct, Latin for 'via' for road and 'ducere' to lead something, and not (necessarily) Veritas, Truth. Pretty slick, eh? [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 01:47, 4 January 2011 (UTC)<br />
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== Solved ==<br />
I just figured out the way to get around the blocking IPs problem (internet cafes and school computers, etc). If the IP is blocked, but not registered users using that IP, then it at least slows that IP down from just spamming bad edits, because they would have to create users again and again. Bona fide users using that same IP, who are not in any danger of being blocked on the basis of their edits, would be able to create a user name and edit ad infinitum. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 15:58, 4 January 2011 (UTC)<br />
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== My religion ==<br />
<br />
Can I create an article here about [http://sites.google.com/site/maratreans/ my religion]. Or would that not be allowed? I don't want to do anything which violates this place's community norms, which is why I am enquiring before-hand. I don't suppose it has anything particularly to do with anarchism - on the other hand, I would have thought that anarchists being tolerant of a variety of viewpoints, they would be accepting of articles in an "Anarchopedia" on non-mainstream viewpoints. (Unlike Wikipedia, where everyone would scream "not notable!" and delete it straight away.) --[[User:Maratrean|Maratrean]] 10:08, 14 March 2011 (UTC)<br />
:I'd sort of rather you didn't, but I don't suppose I would stop you, either. I am envious of the chemicals in your brain; religious conversion is said to be quite an experience. I doubt very much whether you can inspire such a transformation in others, especially with a wiki page, and there is no telling what the other users here think about the whole thing. We tend to be skeptics and/or already believe in something. Anyways, merry meet merry part. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 03:22, 16 March 2011 (UTC)<br />
::Try this [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism LGBT-positive group].&nbsp;&nbsp;;-)&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/205.189.194.208|205.189.194.208]] 17:54, 12 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
:::Here is a photo if their [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clitoraid_event.jpg Clitoraid event].&nbsp;&nbsp;;-)&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/205.189.194.208|205.189.194.208]] 18:12, 12 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
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==Can one defend anarcho-capitalism in Anarchopedia?==<br />
Granted, from pages such as [[Talk:Anarcho-Capitalism]] and [[An Anarchist FAQ - Is "anarcho"-capitalism a type of anarchism?]], I take it that most people here and likely the administrator(s) aren't exactly enamoured with the idea of anarcho-capitalism. But can one support it critically and in edits? I'm not talking about insisting on an A-C POV article here, but would defending it be barred? I believe that I read somewhere that defending A-C here isn't allowed. I mean it's one thing to bash A-C here--Conservapedia bashes liberals with articles such as [http://www.conservapedia.com/Liberal_denial "Liberal denial"] (to be fair they are a bit nicer to you guys [http://www.conservapedia.com/Anarchopedia Anarchopedia]), but when liberals try to defend themselves, they get blocked. ([http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Conservapedia:Newcomer%27s_Guide Newcomer's Guide]).<br/><br/>Views would be appreciate. Thanks.&nbsp;&nbsp;:-)&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/206.130.174.29|206.130.174.29]] 19:38, 13 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
:I'm sure you shouldn't write anti-[[libertarian socialism|libertarian socialist]] statements. --[[User:XXPowerMexicoXx|XXPowerMexicoXx]] 18:23, 15 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
::Which conversely sounds like one should have only NPOV or pro-"libertarian socialist" statements. Hmmmm. Does this mean that only explicitly anti-LS statements are out i.e. "they're a buncha idiots," or statements which could be construed as anti-LS. "A-C's positions are contrary to what is considered to be LS'ism insofar that they defend A, B, and C, while LS'ist oppose such. However, A-C's defend A, B, and C for the following reasons. They are..." . Would such, ie the latter, be permitted?[[Special:Contributions/205.189.194.208|205.189.194.208]] 23:05, 19 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
:::Here's [[Wikinfo]]'s [http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Criticism_of_Anarchopedia view].&nbsp;&nbsp;;-)&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Special:Contributions/205.189.194.208|205.189.194.208]] 23:18, 19 May 2011 (UTC)<br />
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== Browser tab icon? ==<br />
The tiny icon on browser tabs that are pointed at Anarchopedia looks messed up, and I do not know where such a thing might be located, to fix it. On the other hand, I recently installed Mozilla Firefox on a computer that had always previously used Flock, so maybe it is something to do with that. How about everyone else? [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 06:14, 3 February 2012 (UTC)<br />
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== halls for lease ==<br />
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The particular Satisfaction Charitable organization Institution aims use a looking after, risk-free as well as enriching expertise; every youngster is inspired to build up strong personal, educational, physical and creative knowledge with regard to lifelong studying.<br />
<br />
== Captcha needed for New User registration ==<br />
We are being spammed to death with automated user registration bots. See http://eng.anarchopedia.org/Special:Log/newusers . Any day, every day, scores of new users are added, and this info all has to be stored somewhere. The end result is that much more storage is devoted to spam than to Anarchopedia content. This can be easily solved with the simple requirement that new users fill in a Captcha field when they make a new account. If the original Captcha software is installed ( http://www.captcha.net/ ), this has the additional benefit of helping to convert archived book materials that might otherwise be lost to old age, into a salvageable digital form. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 00:17, 17 March 2012 (UTC)<br />
:Update: the digital book conversion is actually the ReCaptcha version of Captcha: http://www.google.com/recaptcha/learnmore<br />
::Update: In lieu of Captcha, the best way to avoid New User spam is to make edits; the bot that does it seems to only operate when no one else is making edits. It creates a New User every 22 minutes 30 seconds or so, sometimes skipping a cycle [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 21:22, 22 March 2012 (UTC)<br />
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===Lots of new users being created at once===<br />
Copy-pasted from the "recent changes" page: [http://pastebin.ca/2173845] Notice the similar naming scheme. - 74.111.238.43<br />
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I totally agree; I tried blocking all the IPs, but that is obviously doomed to failure. They have a way of bouncing their log-ins off of other IPs, obviously. Captcha, as I suggested above, can at best slow them down or make them work harder; just take a look at the French Anarchopedia; they have Captcha for log-in, and yet the User Spam persists. Chances are, there is software that can hack into Captcha now; the alternative is even worse, which is that people are employed at the mindless and destructive work of making these false Users. I would have no compunction whatever about deleting the User files themselves, but I wonder if that has even been done, outside of MMORPGs. Practical/logistical considerations aside, it is the obvious way to deal with it. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 19:40, 25 July 2012 (UTC)<br />
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== Media and Communications ==<br />
<br />
Nice post<br />
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== 4th General Meeting ==<br />
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The 4th General Meeting was held quite some years ago, right? Then why is it still on top of the front page? Is it to inform people of what was decided then? --[[User:Spanish Mole|Spanish Mole]] 09:16, 4 June 2012 (UTC)<br />
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== fra hacked ==<br />
It seems that the frontpage of fra.anarchopedia.org has been hacked so if anybody knows an admin on fra perhaps you can tell them to revert it asap? --[[User:Spanish Mole|Spanish Mole]] 21:20, 8 June 2012 (UTC)<br />
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Why Graph Search Could Be Facebook's Largest Privacy Invasion Ever<br />
Ari Melber on January 27, 2013 - 5:20 PM ET<br />
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<br />
Here is one iron law of the Internet: a social network’s emphasis on monetizing its product is directly proportional to its users’ loss of privacy.<br />
<br />
At one extreme there are networks like Craigslist and Wikipedia, which pursue relatively few profits and enable nearly absolute anonymity and privacy. At the other end of the spectrum is Facebook, a $68 billion company that is constantly seeking ways to monetize its users and their personal data.<br />
<br />
Facebook’s latest program, Graph Search, may be the company’s largest privacy infraction ever.<br />
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Facebook announced Graph Search in mid-January, but it has not officially launched. According to company materials and some independent reports, however, the program cracks open Facebook’s warehouse of personal information to allow searching and data-mining on a large portion of Facebook’s 1 billion users. Users who set their profiles to “public†are about to be exposed to their largest audience ever.<br />
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Facebook sees this as the future. In a video announcing the program, Mark Zuckerberg, the company’s founder and CEO, touts Graph Search as one of three core pillars of “the Facebook ecosystem.â€<br />
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The financial incentives are clear. Google, which is triple the size of Facebook, makes most of its revenue through search ads. So while the companies host the two most-visited sites in America, Google squeezes more money out of users in less time. Search provides a way for Facebook to sell more to its active users and, of course, to sell its users to others. That’s where Tom Scott comes in.<br />
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Scott, a 28-year-old British programmer, prankster and former political candidate—he ran on a “Pirate†platform of scrapping rum taxes—has launched his own prebuttal to Graph Search. His new blog, “Actual Facebook Graph Searches,†uses a beta-test version of the feature to show its dark side.<br />
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With a few clicks, Scott shows how Graph Search provides real names, and other identifying information, for all kinds of problematic combinations, from the embarrassing and hypocritical to ready-made Enemies Lists for repressive regimes. His searches include Catholic mothers in Italy who have stated a preference for Durex condoms and, more ominously, Chinese residents who have family members that like Falun Gong. (He removed all real names, but soon anyone can run these searches.)<br />
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“Graph Search jokes are a good way of startling people into checking their privacy settings,†says Scott, who was randomly included in a test sample for early access to the program. “I’m not sure I’m making any deeper point about privacy,†he told The Nation. That may have helped make Scott’s lighthearted effort so effective.<br />
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Within a few days after launching, Scott’s blog went, yes, viral. He says it has drawn over a quarter-million visitors, thanks to a wide range of web attention, and it has stoked more scrutiny of Facebook.<br />
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Mathew Ingram, a technology writer and founder of the digital mesh conference, argues that Scott’s search results gesture at a value beyond traditional “privacy.†Some pragmatists and Facebook defenders stress that the information in these search results was already surrendered by the users, so we should criticize them, not the technology. (You know, Facebook doesn’t kill privacy, people do.) But Ingram rebuts this reasoning by invoking a paradigm from philosopher Evan Selinger, who argues that these questions actually turn on the assumptions and boundaries of digital obscurity.<br />
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“Being invisible to search engines increases obscurity,†writes Selinger. “So does using privacy settings and pseudonyms, [and] since few online disclosures are truly confidential or highly publicized, the lion’s share of communication on the social web falls along the expansive continuum of obscurity: a range that runs from completely hidden to totally obvious.â€<br />
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Facebook’s search engine is another step in its long pattern of promising a “safe and trusted environment†for empowered sharing — Zuckerberg’s words — while cracking open that Safe Space for the highest bidder. So the access and context of that space is crucial. After all, many people would consent to sharing several individual pieces of personal information separately, while balking at releasing a dossier of all that same information together. The distinction turns more on the principles of obscurity and access than binary privacy—a concept that has faded as social networks proliferated—and even draws support from the literature on intelligence and espionage.<br />
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The CIA, for example, has long subscribed to the Mosaic Theory for intelligence gathering. The idea is that while seemingly innocuous pieces of information have no value when viewed independently, when taken together they can form a significant, holistic piece of intelligence. The Navy once explained the idea in a statement on government secrecy that, when you think about it, could apply to your Facebook profile: Sometimes “apparently harmless pieces of information, when assembled together, could reveal a damaging picture.â€<br />
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Facebook’s incentives are, almost always, to keep assembling the information and revealing that picture.<br />
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Source: http://www.thenation.com/blog/172459/why-graph-search-could-be-facebooks-largest-privacy-invasion-ever#<br />
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== Test, just a test ==<br />
<br />
Hello. And Bye.<br />
<br />
== A Question ==<br />
Hi.<br />
<br />
I'd just like to know what one needs to do to be able to create pages. Could anyone help me?<br />
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Comradely regards, [[User:Er|Er]] ([[User talk:Er|Talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/Er|Stalk]]) 12:53, 12 May 2013 (UTC).<br />
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Creating pages is currently limited to sysops. Leave a note on an active sysop's Talk page with a list of requests, would be the best way. I am only "intermittently active"; I can do it, but you might have to wait for me to show up. [[User:Anarchangel|Anarchangel]] 20:15, 17 September 2013 (UTC)<br />
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== Prisoners ==<br />
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There are a lot of anarcho-communist prisoners who find themselves without anyone to help provide moral support in the form of letters. They can sign up for zines, but a lot of these prisoners would prefer the occasional personal contact. Since I'm an anarcho-capitalist, I basically told them to get in touch with their peeps in the anarcho-communist community.<br />
<br />
A lot of them feel isolated because they don't know any other anarcho-communists (although I think pretty much every prison of a certain size has at least a few; they just might not get along with one another all that well in every case). Anyway, here's one of them. Matthew Mercer-Kinser, Reg. No. 42761-039, Petersburg Federal Correctional Center, P.O. Box 1000, Petersburg, VA 23804-1000. He goes by the nickname "Vlad Draconis PenDragon" or [http://xyn931.livejournal.com/profile xyn931]. Cheers, [[User:Leucosticte|Leucosticte]] 04:04, 27 February 2014 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== Very necessary Service ==<br />
<br />
This Service is necessary for an Anarchy Linklist!<br />
<br />
Get your own Hiddenservice @ [http://hostzdcvmuqacom4.onion Hiddenhost].<br />
Over 2 Years experience and one of the biggest Hosting Company in Darknet.<br />
<br />
[http://hostzdcvmuqacom4.onion Link]<br />
<br />
It comes with unlimited traffic, big Space, a free Domain Name generator and many many more….<br />
<br />
== Recent changes ==<br />
<br />
The recent changes for the main namespace in the last thirty days are nothing but vandalism... [[Special:Contributions/208.92.217.184|208.92.217.184]] 13:44, 9 March 2015 (UTC)</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Islam_and_anarchism&diff=58124
Talk:Islam and anarchism
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<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58123 by 178.73.192.163 (Talk)</p>
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<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
Antispam
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<p>Antispam: </p>
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<div><br />
[[Category:Books about anarchism]]<br />
[[Category:Anarchist books]]<br />
[[Category:Political fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Anarchist publications|Fiction]]<br />
[[Category:Anarchist culture|Fiction]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=58120
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
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<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58119 by 46.151.52.86 (Talk)</p>
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<div>{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 570px; text-align: center; margin: 10px; border: 2px solid #080;"<br />
|style="width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 13pt;" |[[Template:Article for deletion|BLANKING]]<br />
| ........ <br />
| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
<br />
====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
<br />
=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
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==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
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<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
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<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
<br />
| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = <br />
| spouse = <br />
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| children = <br />
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| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
<br />
==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
<br />
Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
<br />
The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
<br />
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
<br />
=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
<br />
<br />
=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
<br />
'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
<br />
Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
<br />
==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
<br />
<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
<br />
== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
<br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
<br />
<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
<br />
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
<br />
Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Anarcho-skinheads&diff=58115
Anarcho-skinheads
2015-09-08T07:44:11Z
<p>Antispam: /* Anarcho-skinhead style */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Anarcho-skinheads''' are the [[anarchist]] [[skinhead]]s. They are sympathetic to the [[anti-fascism]] and [[militant]] [[working class]] [[stance]]. There are many anarcho-skinheads who are not in any [[crew]]/[[organization]], some who are involved with explicitly anarchist crews like ASAP - [[Anarchist Skins and Punks]] - in the [[USA]] and FASH - [[Federacion Anarco-Skinhead]] - in [[Spain]] and parts of [[Latin America]], and some who are just with non [[political]] or other kinds of crews - the [[Baldies]] were a crew in [[Minneapolis]] with anarchist members, some are in R.A.S.H. - [[Red and Anarchist Skinheads]]' chapters, and all sorts of different crews.<br />
<br />
== Anarcho-skinhead style ==<br />
<br />
Anarcho-skinhead style is not much different from the regular [[skinhead]] style. The only differences are that anarcho-skinheads tend to adopt a little more Punk styles such as a lot of band [[t-shirts]] and [[studded belts]]. Anarcho-skinheads also apply their politics to their style. With the "lace and braces" rule, most tend to go for [[red]] signifying the color of [[socialism]].<br />
<br />
=== Tops === <br />
*Men: Fred Perry, Lonsdale, Ben Sherman, Band T shirts. <br />
*Women: same as for the guys. <br />
* Men Tops: Fred Perry, Ben Sherman, T shirts Band:. <br />
* Les femmes mêmes que pour les gars.<br />
<br />
=== Coats ===<br />
<br />
-Flight/Bomber Jackets. Normal colors are Green and Black, occasionally dark blue. In the 90s it was possible to see male skins wearing burgundy, but this is mainly for girls now. Also in the past French redskins were known to wear their flights inside out with the orange exposed, the cause of this is to difference them from boneheads (source: "antifa chasseurs de skin" documentary). Either way they often have patches, pins and embroidery.<br />
<br />
-Denim jackets. Normally faded blue color. Sometimes these are bleached. They are also often customized with pins and patches.<br />
<br />
Harringtons-These are less common in the US scene. They are a more dressier coat and normally work plain, or with a few pins.<br />
<br />
=== Bottoms ===<br />
<br />
*Men: tight pants; levi 501s are common as are stretch pants.<br />
*Women: tight pants or miniskirts<br />
<br />
=== Footwear ===<br />
<br />
Boots are the most common form of skinhead footwear. Dr. Martens and Grinders are common. Skin girls also wear Monkey boots. Anything from 3 to 20 eyes can be found but 8, 10 and 14 eyelets are the most common. Some groups of skinheads associate a meaning with the colors of one's shoelaces.<br />
<br />
=== Laces ===<br />
<br />
[[Yellow]], [[black]], [[blue]], [[red]], [[white]]<br />
<br />
=== Hats ===<br />
<br />
Travelling caps; cloth caps; worker-caps; [[Bowler hat|Bowlers]]; [[pork pie hats]]; [[scally]] (Benny in the UK) caps; "flat caps" (driver's caps); or [[rockers|rocker]]-caps.<br />
<br />
=== Braces ===<br />
<br />
Braces are worn with tight trousers, sometimes upright, sometimes hanging to the sides. Some groups of skinheads associate the colors of the braces and shoelaces on a skinhead with a certain meaning, though these meanings can differ by region. In most parts of North America, red braces are worn by anarchist skinheads.<br />
<br />
=== Hair ===<br />
<br />
*Men: Cut short, sometimes, although rarely, shaved bald.<br />
*Women: Usually a chelsea; some skinbyrds have short hair like the men.<br />
<br />
== Music ==<br />
<br />
Music tastes are relatively the same as [[punk]] tastes: [[Ska]], [[Rocksteady]], [[Reggae]], [[Oi!]], and [[Punk]].<br />
<br />
=== Popular anarcho-skinhead bands ===<br />
<br />
NOTE: Not all of these bands would call themselves "Anarcho-Skin". They are just bands that many anarcho-skins tend to listen to. Several of these are Red (communist) skinhead bands.<br />
<br />
*[[Non Servium]] (Spain)<br />
*[[Nucleo Terco]] (Spain)<br />
*[[Loikaemie]] (Germany)<br />
*[[Pilseners]] (Catalunya)<br />
*[[Molodoi]] (France)<br />
*[[Inadaptats]] (Catalunya)<br />
*[[Criminal Skin]] (Chile)<br />
*[[Oi! the Arrasse]] (Catalunya)<br />
*[[Frontkick]] (Germany and Catalunya)<br />
*[[Kortatu]] (Euskadi)<br />
*[[Curasbun Oi!]] (Chile)<br />
*[[Ejercito Rojo]] (Puerto Rico)<br />
*[[No Respect]] <br />
*[[El Odio Oi!]] (Mexico)<br />
*[[Puntas De Acero]] <br />
*[[Those Unknown]] (U.S.)<br />
*[[The Burial]] (UK)<br />
*[[Shots In The Dark]] <br />
*[[Scrapy]] (Germany)<br />
*[[Opció K-95]] (Catalunya)<br />
*[[Mors Aux Dents]] <br />
*[[Les Kamionërs Du Suicide]] <br />
*[[Les Partisans]] (France)<br />
*[[Kontratodo]] (Peru)<br />
*[[Komintern 43]] <br />
*[[Keltoi!]] (Galiza)<br />
*[[Kaos Urbano]] (Spain)<br />
*[[Guardia Negra]] <br />
*[[Generacion Rebelde]] <br />
*[[Comrade]] <br />
*[[Brigada Flores Magon]] (France)<br />
*[[Antiruggine]] (Italy)<br />
*[[Jeunesse Apatride]]<br />
*[[The Redskins]] (U.K)<br />
*[[Red Alert]] (U.K)<br />
*[[Red London]] (U.K)<br />
*[[Klasse Kriminale]] (Italy)<br />
*[[The Oppressed]] (Wales)<br />
*[[Angelic Upstarts]] (U.K)<br />
*[[Los Fastidios]] (Italy)<br />
*[[Fighting Chance]] (USA)<br />
*[[The Prowlers]] (USA)<br />
*[[The Class Assassins]] (USA)<br />
*[[The Stage Bottles]] (Germany)<br />
*[[Union Made]] (Quebec)<br />
*[[Fate2Hate]] (Quebec)<br />
*[[Final Four]]<br />
*[[No Good Heroes]] (U.S.)<br />
*[[Blaggers ITA]] (U.K.)<br />
*[[Analogs]] (Poland)<br />
*[[Bolchoi]] (France)<br />
*[[Youngang]] (Italy)<br />
*[[Ya Basta]] (France)<br />
*[[Brigadir]] (Russia)<br />
*[[Redcard]] (Russia)<br />
*[[Full Time Skins]] (Indonesia)<br />
*[[Last Strike]] (Czech Republic)<br />
*[[Redweiller]] (France)<br />
<br />
=== Ska, Rocksteady, Reggae bands/artists - goodtime music for anarcho-skinheads ===<br />
<br />
:[[Bad Manners]]<br />
:[[The_Beat_(band)|The Beat]]<br />
:[[Big 5]]<br />
:[[The Bodysnatchers]]<br />
:[[The English Beat]]<br />
:[[The Ethiopians]]<br />
:[[International Beat]]<br />
:[[Judge Dread]]<br />
:[[Madness (band)|Madness]]<br />
:[[Maroon Town]]<br />
:[[The Selecter]]<br />
:[[Special Beat]]<br />
:[[The Specials]]<br />
:[[Laurel Aitken]]<br />
:[[The Slackers]]<br />
:[[The Toasters]]<br />
:[[Desmond Dekker]]<br />
:[[Symarip]]<br />
:[[Inspecter 7]]<br />
:[[Hub City Stompers]]<br />
:[[Redska]]<br />
:[[The Offenders]]<br />
:[[Sistema Sonoro Skartel]]<br />
:[[Banda Bassotti]]<br />
<br />
== Anarcho-skinhead organisations ==<br />
<br />
*[[Anarchist Skins and Punks]]<br />
*[[Anti-Racist Action]]<br />
*[[Federacion Anarco-Skinhead]]<br />
*[[Red and Anarchist Skinheads]]<br />
*[[Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice]]<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.insurgence.net (great RASH Oi! and Hardcore mailorder out of Canada)]<br />
*[http://redskins.fightcapitalism.net/ RASH East Coast (USA)]<br />
*[http://www.geocities.com/rash_mexico/ RASH Mexico]<br />
*[http://www.nodo50.org/rashmadrid/ RASH Madrid]<br />
*[http://www.rashbogota.tk/ RASH Bogotá]<br />
*[http://www.rash-bbrb.de.vu RASH Berlin/ Brandenburg]<br />
*[http://www.rash-nord.de.vu/ RASH/Nord Niedersachsen]<br />
*[http://www.rash-polska.prv.pl RASH Poland]<br />
*[http://www.redskins.ru RASH Russia]<br />
*[http://www.geocities.com/revolutiontimes/ RevolutionTimes]<br />
*[http://www.skullyrecords.com/sharp.htm SHARP: A Brief History]<br />
*[http://www.libcom.org/history/articles/skinheads Libcom.org/history: A Brief History of Skinhead Culture]<br />
*[http://www.belsharp.by.ru Belarusian SHARP website]<br />
*[http://www.angelfire.com/yt/sharptor/ Canadian (Toronto Crew) SHARP website]<br />
*[http://www.skullyrecords.com/sharp_patches.htm SHARP patches from around the world]<br />
*[http://www.anti-racist-action.org/ ARA Official Website]<br />
*[http://www.antiracistaction.ca Anti-Racist Action Canada]<br />
*[http://www.anarchistskinsandpunx.com ASAP homepage]<br />
*[http://www.anarcho-punk.net/ WWW.ANARCHO-PUNK.NET -- An international community for anarcho-punks and anarcho-skinheads where you can download thousands of mp3 albums]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anti-fascism]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-neo-Nazi activism]]<br />
[[Category:Anarchist organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Punk]]<br />
[[Category:Skinhead]]<br />
[[Category:Subcultures]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Anarcho-skinhead]]<br />
[[pl:Anarcho-skinheadzi]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Islam_and_anarchism&diff=58113
Talk:Islam and anarchism
2015-09-05T08:29:16Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58112 by 188.126.90.76 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
Antispam
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Talk:Islam and anarchism
2015-08-31T08:07:08Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58104 by 178.73.193.121 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
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Talk:Islam and anarchism
2015-08-25T08:12:41Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58102 by 46.246.86.202 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
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http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Islam_and_anarchism&diff=58099
Talk:Islam and anarchism
2015-08-17T08:08:23Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58098 by 46.246.86.38 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Islam_and_anarchism&diff=58095
Talk:Islam and anarchism
2015-08-12T08:13:45Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58094 by 178.73.218.88 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Is this an essay?==<br />
If it is then it should be marked as such and people shouldn't change what it says, if it isn't then i'll have a go at it. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[September 8]] 07:45 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
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Jonathan Bowers
2015-08-03T07:59:04Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58092 by 99.101.56.161 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Jonathan Bowers''', [[mathematician]] (November 27, 1969&ndash;)<br />
<br />
==Polychora==<br />
One of the participants in the [[Uniform Polychora Project]], an attempt to name higher-dimensional [[polychora]]. He independently began his search for [[polychoron|polychora]] in 1990. Circa 1993, he invented his short names for the uniform polychora, which have come to be known as the [[Bowers style acronym]]s (or pet name). In 1997, he contacted others who are also interested in the subject, such as [[List of Wenninger polyhedron models|Magnus Wenninger]], [[Vincent Matsko]], and [[George Olshevsky]].<br />
<br />
==Very large numbers==<br />
Bowers has proposed a series of names (including ''giggol'', ''gaggol'', ''geegol'', ''goggol'', ''tridecal'', ''tetratri'', ''dutritri'', ''xappol'', ''dimendecal'', ''gongulus'', ''trimentri'', ''goppatoth'', ''golapulus'', ''golapulusplex'', ''golapulusplux'', ''big boowa'' and ''guapamonga'') for extremely [[Large numbers]], which he terms ''infinity scrapers'' (a pun on ''[[skyscraper]]''), many of which are so unspeakably and unprecedentedly large as to require special newly-devised extended mathematical notations in order to be expressed.[http://members.cox.net/hedrondude/scrapers.htm infinity scrapers]<br />
<br />
He is also the inventor of the [http://members.aol.com/hedrondude/array.html Array Notation] as a means to represent very large numbers. This notion is very similar to the [[Conway chained arrow notation]] and relies on the [[tetration]] operator <math>{\ ^{b}a = \atop {\ }} {{\underbrace{a^{a^{\cdot^{\cdot^{a}}}}}} \atop b}</math>, and its higher order analogues: pentation, sexation, heptation. some examples of which are<br />
* <math>\{a,b,1\} = a \{1\} b = a+b\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,b,2\} = a \{2\} b = a*b\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,b,3\} = a \{3\} b = a^b\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,b,4\} = a \{4\} b = \ ^{b}a</math> ''a'' tetrated to ''b''.<br />
* <math>\{a,b,5\} = a \{5\} b = \ ^{\ ^{\ ^{\ ^a\cdot}\cdot}a}a</math> - ''a'' pentated to ''b'' - ''a'' tetrated to itself ''b'' times.<br />
* <math>\{a,b,c,2\} = a \{\{c\}\}b\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,2,1,2\} = a \{\{1\}\}2 = a \{a\}a\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,3,1,2\} = a \{\{1\}\}3 = a \{a \{a\}a\}a\;</math><br />
* <math>\{a,b,1,2\} = a \{\{1\}\}b = a \{a\ldots\{a\}\ldots a\}a\;</math> - ''a'' expanded to ''b''.<br />
* <math>\{a,b,2,2\} = a \{\{2\}\}b\;</math> - ''a'' expanded to itself ''b'' times.<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!Group<br />
!Name<br />
!Value<br />
!Array notation<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=3|Googol group<br />
|[[Googol]]<br />
|<math>10^{100}=10^{10^2}</math><br />
|{10,100,3} = 10 {3} 100<br />
|-<br />
|[[Googolplex]]<br />
|<math>10^{10^{100}}=10^{10^{10^2}}</math><br />
|{10,{10,100,3},3} = 10 {3} 10 {3} 100<br />
|-<br />
|Googolplexian <br />
|<math>10^{10^{10^{100}}}</math><br />
|{10,{10,{10,100,3},3},3} = 10 {3} 10 {3} 10 {3} 100<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=4|Giggol group<br />
|<br />
|<math>\ ^{10}10</math><br />
|{10,10,4} = 10 {4} 10<br />
|-<br />
|Giggol<br />
|<math>\ ^{100}10</math><br />
|{10,100,4} = 10 {4} 10: 10 to the power of itself 100 times.<br />
|-<br />
|Giggolplex<br />
|<br />
|10 {4} 10 {4} 10: 10 tetrated to a giggol<br />
|-<br />
|Giggolduplex<br />
|<br />
|10 {4} 10 {4} 10 {4} 100.<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=10|Gaggol group<br />
|Gaggol<br />
|<br />
|{10,100,5} = 10 {5} 100: 10 pentated to 100.<br />
|-<br />
|gaggolplex<br />
|<br />
|10 {5} gaggol = 10 {5} 10 {5} 100: 10 tetrated to itself a gaggol times.<br />
|-<br />
|geegol<br />
|<br />
|{10,100,6}=10 {6} 100<br />
|-<br />
|geegolplex<br />
|<br />
|{10,geegol, 6}<br />
|-<br />
|gygol<br />
|<br />
|{10,100,7}<br />
|-<br />
|gygolplex<br />
|<br />
|{10,gygol,7}<br />
|-<br />
|goggol<br />
|<br />
|{10,100,8}<br />
|-<br />
|goggolplex<br />
|<br />
|{10,goggol,8}<br />
|-<br />
|gagol<br />
|<br />
|{10,100,9}<br />
|-<br />
|gagolplex<br />
|<br />
|{10,gagol,9}<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|Infinity Scrapers<br />
|Tridecal<br />
|<br />
|{10,10,10} = 10 {10} 10 = 10 decated to 10<br />
|-<br />
|boogol<br />
|<br />
|{10,10,100} = 10 {100} 10<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Bowers notation extends beyond even these numbers and includes the Corporal {10,100,1,2}, Grand Tridecal {10,10,10,2}, Tetratri = {3,3,3,3}, General = {10,10,10,10}, Pentadecal = {10,10,10,10,10}, Iteral = {10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10}. Still larger numbers require an extended array notation and include the Emperal Group, Hyperal Group, Dutritri and Dutridecal. The largest number mentioned is the Guapamongaplex which is still considerably less than infinity, but is much larger than even [[Graham's number]].<br />
<br />
==Illion group==<br />
Jonathan Bowers has also created a number of names for large numbers that extend the -illion family of much smaller numbers than those mentioned above. Here is a list of the names of large -illion numbers on the short scale.<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
! Name || Short scale value<br />
|-<br />
| [[Million]] || <math>{10}^6</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Billion]] || <math>{10}^9</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Trillion]] || <math>{10}^{12}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Quadrillion]] || <math>{10}^{15}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Quintillion]] || <math>{10}^{18}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Sextillion]] || <math>{10}^{21}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Septillion]] || <math>{10}^{24}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Octillion]] || <math>{10}^{27}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Nonillion]] || <math>{10}^{30}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Decillion]] || <math>{10}^{33}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Undecillion]] || <math>{10}^{33}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Duodecillion]] || 10<sup>39</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Tredecillion]] || 10<sup>42</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Quattuordecillion]] || 10<sup>45</sup> <br />
|-<br />
| [[Quindecillion]] || 10<sup>48</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Sexdecillion]] || 10<sup>51</sup> <br />
|-<br />
| [[Septendecillion]] || 10<sup>54</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Octodecillion]] || 10<sup>57</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Novemdecillion]] || 10<sup>60</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Vigintillion]] || 10<sup>63</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Trigintillion]] || 10<sup>93</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Googol]] <br> (Ten Duotrigintillion) || 10<sup>100</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Quadragintillion]] || 10<sup>123</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Quinquagintillion]] || 10<sup>153</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Sexagintillion]] || 10<sup>183</sup><br />
|- <br />
| [[Septuagintillion]] || 10<sup>213</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Octogintillion]] || 10<sup>243</sup><br />
|- <br />
| [[Nonagintillion]] || 10<sup>273</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Centillion]] || 10<sup>300</sup><br />
|-<br />
| [[Platillion]] || <math>{10}^{6000}</math><br />
|-<br />
| [[Myrillion]] || <math>{10}^{6000}</math><br />
|-<br />
| Micrillion || 10^ 3000003<br />
|-<br />
| Nanillion || 10^ 3billion3<br />
|-<br />
| Picillion || 10^ 3trillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Femtillion || 10^ 3quadrillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Attillion || 10^ 3 quintillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Zeptillion || 10^ 3sextillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Yoctillion || 10^ 3septillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Xonillion || 10^ 3octillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Vecillion || 10^ 3nonillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Mecillion || 10^ 3decillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Duecillion || 10^ 3undecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Trecillion || 10^ 3doedecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Tetrecillion || 10^ 3tridecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Pentecillion || 10^ 3quattuordecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Hexecillion || 10^ 3quindecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Heptecillion || 10^ 3sexdecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Octecillion || 10^ 3septendecillion3<br />
|-<br />
|Ennecillion || 10^ 3octodecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Icosillion || 10^ 3novemdecillion3<br />
|-<br />
| Triacontillion || 10^ (3x10^90+3)<br />
|-<br />
| [[Googolplex]] || 10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Tetracontillion || 10^ (3x10^120+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Pentacontillion || 10^ (3x10^150+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Hexacontillion || 10^ (3x10^180+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Heptacontillion || 10^ (3x10^210+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Octacontillion || 10^ (3x10^240+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Ennacontillion || 10^ (3x10^270+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Hectillion || 10^ (3x10^300+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Killillion || 10^ (3x10^3000+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Megillion || 10^ (3x10^3million +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Gigillion || 10^ (3x10^3billion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Terillion || 10^ (3x10^3trillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Petillion || 10^ (3x10^3quadrillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Exillion || 10^ (3x10^3quintillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Zettillion || 10^ (3x10^3sextillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Yottillion || 10^ (3x10^3septillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Xennillion || 10^ (3x10^3octillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Vekillion || 10^ (3x10^3nonillion +3) <br />
|-<br />
| Duekillion || 10^ (3x10^3undecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Trekillion || 10^ (3x10^3doedecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Tetrekillion || 10^ (3x10^3tridecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Pentekillion || 10^ (3x10^3quattuordecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Hexekillion || 10^ (3x10^3quindecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Heptekillion || 10^ (3x10^3sexdecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Octekillion || 10^ (3x10^3septendecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Ennekillion || 10^ (3x10^3octodecillion +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Twentillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^60) +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Triatwentillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^69) +3)<br />
|-<br />
| Thirtillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^90)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Googolplexian || 10^10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Fortillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^120)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Fiftillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^150)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Sixtillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^180)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Seventillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^210)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Eightillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^240)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Nintillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^270)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Hundrillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^300)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Thousillion || 10^ (3x10^(3x10^3000)+3)<br />
|-<br />
| Manillion || <math>{10}^{{3 * {{10}^{3 * {{10}^{30,000}}}}} + 3}</math><br />
|-<br />
| Lakhillion || <math>{10}^{{3 * {{10}^{3 * {{10}^{300,000}}}}} + 3}</math><br />
|-<br />
| Crorillion || <math>{10}^{{3 * {{10}^{3 * {{10}^{30,000,000}}}}} + 3}</math> <br />
|-<br />
| Awkillion || <math>{10}^{{3 * {{10}^{3 * {{10}^{300,000,000}}}}} + 3}</math><br />
|-<br />
| Bentrizillion || <math>{10}^{6 * {{10}^{6 * {{10}^{6 * {{10}^{6 * {{10}^9}}}}}}}}</math><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Googol, giggol and gaggol groups==<br />
Jonathan Bowers defines the googol, giggol, and gaggol groups as being lower than the infinity scrapers. Here's a list of the names of numbers in these groups:<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
! Name || Value<br />
|-<br />
| Googol || 10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googolplex || 10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googolplexian || 10^10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googoltriplex || 10^10^10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googolquadriplex || 10^10^10^10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googolquinplex ||10^10^10^10^10^10^100<br />
|-<br />
| Googolcentplex || Googolplexian and (98 more plexes)<br />
|-<br />
| Googolmilleplex || Googolplexian and (998 more plexes)<br />
|-<br />
| Googolmegaplex || Googolplex and (999,999 more plexes) <br />
|-<br />
| Googolgigaplex || Googolplex and (999,999,999 more plexes) <br />
|-<br />
| Googolteraplex || Googolplex and (999,999,999,999 more plexes)<br />
|-<br />
| Googolpetaplex || Googolplex and (999,999,999,999,999 more plexes) <br />
|-<br />
| Fzgoogolplex || Googolplex to the power of a googolplex <br />
|-<br />
| Giggol || {10,100,4} = 10 {4} 100: 10 tetrated to 100<br />
|-<br />
| Giggolplex || {10,Giggol,4} = 10 {4} Giggol: 10 tetrated to Giggol <br />
|-<br />
| Mega || ...<br />
|-<br />
| Gaggol || {10,100,5} = 10 {5} 100: 10 pentated to 100<br />
|-<br />
| Gaggolplex || 10 {5} gaggol = 10 {5} 10 {5} 100: 10 tetrated to itself a gaggol times<br />
|-<br />
| Megaston || ... <br />
|-<br />
| Tripent || {5,5,5} = 5 {5} 5 = 5 {4} 5 {4} 5 {4} 5 {4} 5<br />
|-<br />
| Trisept || {7,7,7} = 7 {7} 7 (7 heptated to 7)<br />
|-<br />
| Geegol || {10,100,6}=10 {6} 100<br />
|-<br />
| Geegolplex || {10,geegol, 6} <br />
|-<br />
| Gygol || {10,100,7} <br />
|-<br />
| Gygolplex || {10,gygol,7} <br />
|-<br />
| Goggol || {10,100,8} <br />
|-<br />
| Goggolplex || {10,goggol,8} <br />
|-<br />
| Gagol || {10,100,9} <br />
|-<br />
| Gagolplex || {10,gagol,9}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Infinity scrapers==<br />
Numbers higher than those in the Gaggol group are referred to by Jonathan Bowers as the infinity scrapers. Here's a list of the names of those numbers that are infinity scrapers:<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
! Name || Value<br />
|-<br />
| Tridecal || {10,10,10} = 10 {10} 10 = 10 decated to 10<br />
|-<br />
| Boogol || {10,10,100} = 10 {100} 10<br />
|-<br />
| Boogolplex || {10,10,boogol}<br />
|-<br />
| Moser's number || ... <br />
|-<br />
| [[Graham's number]] || ... <br />
|-<br />
| Corporal || {10,100,1,2} <br />
|-<br />
| Corporalplex || {10,corporal,1,2} <br />
|-<br />
| Grand Tridecal || {10,10,10,2} <br />
|-<br />
| Tetratri || {3,3,3,3} <br />
|-<br />
| General || {10,10,10,10} <br />
|-<br />
| Generalplex || {10,10,10,general} <br />
|-<br />
| Pentatri || {3,3,3,3,3} <br />
|-<br />
| Pentadecal || {10,10,10,10,10} <br />
|-<br />
| Pentadecalplex || {10,10,10,10,pentadecal} <br />
|-<br />
| Hexatri || {3,3,3,3,3,3}<br />
|-<br />
| Hexadecal || {10,10,10,10,10,10}<br />
|-<br />
| Hexadecalplex || {10,10,10,10,10,hexadecal} <br />
|-<br />
| Iteral || {10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10} <br />
|-<br />
| Ultatri || {3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3} <br />
|-<br />
| Iteralplex || {10,10,10,10,10,10,...........,10,10,10} <br />
|}<br />
The following numbers requre an extended array notation to define. These are defined recursively, using rules such as:<br />
:<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}a&b\\2&\end{matrix}\right\rangle=\{a,a,\ldots,a\}</math> with ''a'' repeated ''b'' times.<br />
:<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}a&b\\k&\end{matrix}\right\rangle=\left\langle\begin{matrix}a&a&\ldots&a\\k-1\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math> with ''a'' repeated ''b'' times.<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
! Name || Value<br />
|-<br />
|Emperal<br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}10&10\\10&\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
|Emperalplex<br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}10&10\\emperal&\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
|Hyperal <br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}10&10\\10&10\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
| Hyperalplex<br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}10&10\\10&Hyperal\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
| Dutritri <br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}3&3&3\\3&3&3\\3&3&3\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
| Dutridecal<br />
|<math>\left\langle\begin{matrix}10&10&10\\10&10&10\\10&10&10\end{matrix}\right\rangle</math><br />
|-<br />
| Xappol || 10 by 10 array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Xappolplex || xappol by xappol array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Dimentri || 3 x 3 x 3 array of 3's<br />
|-<br />
| Colossal || 10 x 10 x 10 array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Colossalplex || colossal x colossal x colossal array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Dimendecal || 10x10x10x10x10x10x10x10x10x10 array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Gongulus || 100 dimensional array of 10's (10^100 array that is)<br />
|-<br />
| Gongulusplex || gongulus dimensional array of 10's (10^gongulus array) <br />
|-<br />
| Dulatri || (3^3)^2 array of 3's <br />
|-<br />
| Trimentri || 3^(3^3) array of 3's<br />
|-<br />
| Goppatoth || 10 tetrated to 100 array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Goppatothplex || {10,goppatoth,4} array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Tridecatrix || {10,10,10} array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Gongulus || a "10^100 array of 10's" array of 10's.<br />
|-<br />
| Golapulus || a * "10^100 array of tens" array of tens* array of tens.<br />
|-<br />
| Big Boowa || X3, {X3,dutritriX, 2} X<br />
|-<br />
| Great Big Boowa || X3,3,3X<br />
|-<br />
| Wompogulus || 10^10 "100th level" exploded array of 10's<br />
|-<br />
| Wompogulusplex || 10^10 "wompogulusth level" exploded array of 10's!!<br />
|-<br />
| Guapamonga || 10^100 array of B's within "# #"<br />
|-<br />
| Guapamongaplex || 10^100 array of B's within guapamonga-level "# #"<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
*[[Uniform polychoron]]<br />
*[[Knuth's up-arrow notation]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://members.cox.net/hedrondude/home.htm Jonathan's home page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people|Bowers, Jonathan]]<br />
[[Category:Large numbers]]<br />
[[Category:Mathematicians|Bowers, Jonathan]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Anarchism_in_Korea&diff=58091
Anarchism in Korea
2015-07-30T14:50:44Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Anarchism in Korea''' began in 1894, when [[Japan]] invaded [[Korea]] with the stated intention of protecting it from [[China]]. It was from within the exiles who fled to China in the wake of the 1919 independence conflict that the modern [[anarchist]] movement in Korea arose. This struggle, which involved 2 million people is referred to as the [[March 1st movement|3.1 Movement]]; [[anarchists]] played a significant role in this movement. There were 1,500 demonstrations held. 7,500 people were killed and 16,000 wounded and around 700 homes and 47 churches were destroyed. There were three stages in Korea anarchism.<ref>[http://libcom.org/history/1894-1931-anarchism-in-korea 1894-1931: Anarchism in Korea | libcom.org<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref> Prominent Korean anarchists include [[Kim Jwa-jin]] (who organised the short-lived anarcho-communist territory known as the [[List of anarchist communities#The autonomous Shinmin region (1929-1931)|autonomous Shinmin region]]), [[Ha Ki-Rak]], and [[Sin Chaeho]]<br />
<br />
Some interesting elements about anarchist movements in Korea - and about Koreans abroad, notably in exiled resistance movements against Japanese imperialism operating in Shanghai and China, can be found in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Song_of_Ariran_(book)].<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/ANARCHIST_ARCHIVES/worldwidemovements/koreahis.html Korean Anarchism History] from the Anarchy Archives. Transcript of a talk given by Alan MacSimoin to the [[Workers Solidarity Movement]] in 1991.<br />
*[http://raforum.info/article.php3?id_article=3225 "Non-Western Anarchisms : Rethinking the Global Context"] by Jason Adams.<br />
<br />
<!--Categories--><br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Korea]}}<br />
[[Category:Anarchism by region]]<br />
<br />
<!--Other languages--><br />
{{Anarchism-stub}}<br />
{{wikipedia}}<br />
[[it:Anarchismo in Corea]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:142.177.114.25&diff=58088
User talk:142.177.114.25
2015-07-10T07:51:57Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>142,<br />
<br />
On Wikipedia, you have been infamous. There has been some questions on whether you are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:24.150.61.63 this person], and many have suspected that you are. I suspect that the identities "24" and "142" are collective accounts, and that one person is a member of both. Is this correct? Reviewing 24's contributions, I agree with whoever says it is unethical to attribute the contributions to one person. I am very curious, as to who is behind you and 24. Do you personally know 24? Did 24 move to another city and become 142? <br />
<br />
Apparently, Wikipedia thinks both IPs are one person. Many wikipedians attribute 24 and 142's contributions to one person, one person being the name of Cr--g H----y. Most people think that the Cr--g H----y person moved to somewhere else, and H----y's IP range changed. However, some Wikipedians agree with me and think that you are a [http://usemod.com/mb.pl?DramaticIdentity DramaticIdentity]. I do not interpret what you did on Wikipedia as any kind of threat, and nothing that deserved your hard ban.<br />
<br />
The person by the name of Cr--g H----y is apparently some kind of politician, a green economist, and a member of the Canadian Green Party. However, a Google search for your name reveals that many people have used your name, none of which is the "real Craig Hubley". Because of this, I dispute whether Craig Hubley is a real name, or just a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_use_name multiple use name]. There may be a real person by the name of Craig Hubley, and this is another thing that I question. If there is a real Craig Hubley, are you the real Craig Hubley? If not, are you related? Are Craig Hubley a "they" rather than a "he" or a "ze"? (Are there multiple people behind "24"?)<br />
<br />
I am not trying to stalk you, but: '''who''' ''are'' you, anyway? [[User:Anonymity|'''''<sub><sub><big><font color="#EC4">A</font></big><font color="#009800">NO</font><font color="#00E90A">N</font><font color="#093180">Y</font><font color="#228C22">MI</font></sub></sub>''''']][[User talk:Anonymity|'''''<sub><sub><font color="#43A901">T</font></sub></sub>''''']][[User:Anonymity|'''''<sub><sub><font color="#c08">Y</font></sub></sub>''''']][[Special:Emailuser/Anonymity|<sup><font color="#C93">@</font></sup>]] 02:06, 22 October 2007 (UTC)</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Anarchopedia&diff=58085
Anarchopedia
2015-07-05T08:34:12Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58084 by 46.246.81.199 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Echo of Freedom|556788|Anarchist Web}}<br />
<br />
'''Anarchopedia''' is a knowledge portal and online anarchist community. The project aims to build a multilingual encyclopedia, written cooperatively on the Internet, with a special focus on [[:eng:Anarchism|Anarchism]] and anarchist topics. This project is organized according to the means of [[:eng:unanimity|unanimity]], [[:eng:consensus|consensus]], [[:eng:voluntarism|voluntarism]], individual responsibility, and is founded upon the anarchist principles of [[:eng:direct democracy|direct democracy]] and [[:eng:autonomy|autonomy]]. It is a [[:m:GFDL corpus access provider|GFDL corpus access provider]]<br />
<br />
{{WP+DEL|Anarchopedia 3rd nomination}}<br />
==Nature of the Anarchopedia project==<br />
<br />
===Significance of the name===<br />
<br />
The word '''Anarchopedia''' is composed of the term “Anarcho†(diminutive of anarchism/Anarchist), and of the term “pediaâ€, which comes from the ancient Greek ''paideia'' and meaning ''[[education]]'' (the project wants to be a kind of place to know, a base of knowledge of anarchism, even a place of exchange and studies on anarchism).<br />
<br />
Anarchopedia means thus the idea that this encyclopaedia holds, by a whole of means (by the wiki), to allow the development of knowledge on anarchism. <br />
<br />
===Tally of work of Anarchopedia===<br />
<br />
Some of the articles were imported from [[Wikipedia]], and had to be reworked. This is because it is not uncommon for articles on Wikipedia adopt pro-capitalist stances or to contain pro-authority bias, which are incompatible with the anarchist points of view.<br />
<br />
[[Anarchopedia]] exists in various languages, including [[eng:|English]], [[spa|Spanish]], [[ger:|German]], [[ita|Italian]], [[rus|Russian]], [[jpa|Japanese]], and others (but some little developed). A project exists or can exist for each language. A special multilingual wiki ([[m:|meta Anarchopedia]]) also exists, and can be used for inter-language coordination.<br />
<br />
===Objectives of the Anarchopedia project===<br />
<br />
An [[anarchistic encyclopaedia|anarchist encyclopedia]], the purpose of it is to clarify the subjects, the topics, to which the anarchistic movement usually refers. Among others: the organisational means specifically libertarian, the actions or political theories suggested by the libertarians, of the history of the anarchists and anarchism, the social and economic questions, the anarchistic personalities and theorists, etc...<br />
<br />
As an experiment in anarchistic management, Anarchopedia seeks to show how to create a successful website and a thriving community without resorting to social hierarchy as seen in other websites, while ensuring as much as possible the autonomy of the individuals and the groups involved in the project. This is what makes Anarchopedia different from other websites, and probably unique. The success or failure of this project will teach anarchists and political activists how to create Internet-based social networks according to anti-authoritarian principles.<br />
<br />
===Characteristics of Anarchopedia===<br />
<br />
<br />
The Anarchopedia project has specific characteristics which make it unique:<br />
<br />
* The project aims to be an experiment in [[:eng:Anarchy|Anarchy]] and anarchistic management. The project is thus based on a Wiki (allowing a direct co-operative relation between editors and readers). A wiki allows creation and the modification by any person of any article. Wiki is a collective tool which makes it possible the anarchistic encyclopaedia to grow rich by work by each one and all, while specifying, while modifying or while adding to it of the articles. Anarchopedia does not have [[sysops]] (i.e. a power structure). All users have sysop permissions.<br />
<br />
* Anarchopedia is not primarily intended as a “forum of discussion†(if not outward journey on [http://yaff.net yaff.net]) nor a “Web directoryâ€. Nevertheless, it is possible also to put comments on page of discussion for each article, at the time of dissent or for remarks about the treatment of an article. Anarchopedia is [[anti-capitalist]] and [[anti-authoritarian]].<br />
<br />
* The articles of Anarchopedia are reusable according to terms' of the GNU Free Documentation License ([[GFDL]]). Thus, an individual or an organization can use the contents of Anarchopedia, while conforming under the free licence of documentation GNU. See [[Anarchopedia:Copyright]].<br />
<br />
* [[Anarchistic points of view]] / [[APOV]]: as far as possible, any encyclopaedic writing in Anarchopedia must represent one of the anarchistic point of view. The “neutrality of point of view†policy, such on wikipedia, is not considered too useful on Anarchopedia, because it relies on a central authority that should make decisions about the neutrality of an article and eventually carry out censorship when the article doesn't conform. Of course, it is perhaps difficult to arrive to an anarchistic point of view in all the cases. On Anarchopedia, the writing rules aim at being appropriate to the rational people, even if those are not always of the same opinion. The anarchistic points of view indicate that all the facets of a discussed point must be evoked according to these points of view, and that the article must in no way of declaring, of implying or of even insinuating, that one from the points of view is that which is correct a priori.<br />
<br />
==Operation of Anarchopedia==<br />
=== Modification of the articles ===<br />
Concretely, each page of Anarchopedia has a button which any visitor, even those not recorded, can click to modify, to add or remove what it contains. Each one can also create new pages, causing the site to grow.<br />
<br />
For the edition of the pages, the wiki syntax, a kind of very simplified HTML language, makes it possible to format pages and to create links between them.<br />
<br />
==== Principle of Wikis ====<br />
Anarchopedia and its parallel projects are of the free “WikiWikiWebsâ€. Created in 1995 by “Ward Cunninghamâ€, Wiki draws its name from the hawaïen word “WikiWikiâ€, which means “quicklyâ€. Developed originally by communities of free software developers, Wikis are dynamic Web sites, of which any visitor can modify the page which they are reading. Thanks to this characteristic, on Wiki, the limit between the reader and the author tends to disappear. The syntax of the wiki is much simpler than the “HTMLâ€, and it is enough to a few moments to learn it (two apostrophes to put in italic, three to boldface, two brakets for a links), nevertheless a toolbar is included in the interface to simplify the use of syntax (by buttons).<br />
<br />
Anarchopedia functions with the free software “[[:eng:MediaWiki|MediaWiki]]â€. The data of Anarchopedia (present in a database), all languages can be downloaded starting from the direction [[Anarchopedia:Technic|SERVER + /dev/db/ of each anarchopedia]].<br />
<br />
===Monitoring of the quality of the articles===<br />
The MediaWiki software, like all wiki-software, includes features that make it possible to facilitate the consultation and the management of the site. It is thus possible to constantly consult the last modifications made to the whole of the site (new pages, new contributions, recent Modifications…).<br />
<br />
In Anarchopedia, the participants add their contributions to those of the others. Thus, they correct the errors of other writers and work together on the topics possibly discussed by respecting APOV.<br />
<br />
All the history of the contributions is preserved: successive versions of the text, authors, reasons for the modifications, dates. It can be consulted while clicking on the “history" button. This permanent device of safeguard makes it possible to return to the need to a preceding version. Thus, even in the presence of vandal, the encyclopaedia is not endangered.<br />
<br />
The anarchopedians can specify which article they wish monitor for modification, often those on which they intervened. It is thus possible for them to periodicaly check the evolution of the contents of the articles which interest them. MediaWiki makes it possible to post the text modified between two versions, even if they are not followed.<br />
<br />
The followed articles can thus be corrected if erroneous information entered, or if the quality of the article drops: style, orthography, poor presentation, lack of clearness, need for a synthesis of the data. This system of follow-up of the articles usually makes it possible to locate acts of vandalism, and to restore the preceding version of the text.<br />
<br />
In the event of dissent on the contents of an article, an argued debate proceeds in the page of discussion annexed to the article. This discussion forms an integral part of the encyclopaedia, and its reading can be instructive on the delicate points to treat in the contents of the article. This page is accessible via the button “discussionâ€.<br />
<br />
===Participants===<br />
The contributors can optionally create an account with a name and a password, so their modifications can be tracked and their contributions attributed. Registered contributors can profit from a personal page and additional functionalities. In fact, the majority of the contributors are registered. There are currently some contributors in differents languages.<br />
<br />
There is no “chief†in the project Anarchopedia, the project is entirely self-managed by its voluntary participants, and aims to be as decentralized as possible in self-management. To contribute to Anarchopedia, it is sufficient to read some of the internal documentation and possibly create an account.<br />
<br />
===An anarchistic encyclopaedia===<br />
Anarchopedia is an [[anarchistic encyclopaedia]] in the political sense of the term : its operation is founded on the [[:en:autonomy|autonomy]] and the [[:en:self-management|self-management]] of Anarchopedians, and not on the [[:en:authority|authority]] (of some).<br />
<br />
In this sense, it illustrates the famous saying of [[Pierre Joseph Proudhon]] : “''Anarchy, it is the order, without the authority''†(Confessions of a revolutionist).<br />
<br />
On the other hand, Anarchopedia is the opposite of an “anarchy†within the meaning of a community struck by a state of disorder. Order is ensured by the individuals associated on anarchopedia.<br />
<br />
Anarchopedians do not give orders to other anarchopedians. Mandates and tasks can be assigned to individuals during [[:Category:General Meetings|General Assemblies]].<br />
<br />
==Anarchopedia and collective regulation==<br />
<br />
===Why doesn't Anarchopedia break down ?===<br />
<br />
By its open organization and because of the absence of holders of authority, Anarchopedia can appear like a very fragile project, ready to be broken down under the attacks of vandals, or with being submerged by contributions in disaccord with a general consensus. Anarchopedia undergoes, from time to time, the effect of individuals who seek to degrade its contents, to even erase its pages. As for the them, they always showed less perseverance or persistence than Anarchopedians, so it is unlikely that they would be able to damage the project permanently.<br />
<br />
On a final note, a report is essential: there are more Net surfers wishing to work for the interest of the realization of Anarchopedia, than people who seek to harm it.<br />
<br />
===Why take part in Anarchopedia?===<br />
<br />
With the first access, to devote time to Anarchopedia may not appear a particularly attractive activity. It is necessary:<br />
<br />
* to experiment and learn the operating mode of wiki and anarchopedia,<br />
* to show humility by accepting that its texts are modified by other participants,<br />
* to accept that others can have another approach to a question that oneself,<br />
* to respect radically different or opposite opinions which are often debated, under the Anarchist Points of view.<br />
* to devote time to thankless tasks like the correction of the spelling mistakes or the errors of working.<br />
<br />
==Criticisms==<br />
<br />
The growing success of Anarchopedia led a great number of people to formulate a critical opinion on the reliability of the information presented in this encyclopaedia. The statute of Anarchopedia as a source of reference remains a subject of controversy. The principal objections are as follows:<br />
<br />
* the absence of filtering of the editors according to their competences, which involves the risk of inaccuracies, and more generally the absence of a reading panel guaranteeing the quality of the articles,<br />
:* Such filtering, however, can create a false sense of security; readers will trust reviewers rather than use their own best judgement.<br />
* the heterogeneity of the quality of the articles,<br />
* the preference for the [[consensus]] of the editors after a reasoned debate, rather than for the argument of authority,<br />
* [[anarchistic points of view]], considered as an illusion or a political or cultural prejudice,<br />
* the risk to seek the anarchistic [[consensus]] rather than the anarchistic [[truth]], and to support the relativism in the name of the anarchistic Point of view, even if it means to tolerate unfounded speeches on subjects concerned with personal philosophy, or propaganda for groups for example,<br />
* the anonymity of the majority of the contributors,<br />
* the vandalism, supported by the open nature of wiki.<br />
:* We, of course, adopt an anarchistic form of government, however anarchism isn't perfect. Vandalism is just a small price to pay for an anarchistic semi-nation wiki.<br />
* the risk to see groupings using Anarchopedia to make propaganda, or many geniuses autoclaimed to disseminate eccentric information,<br />
* the systematic existence of skew in spite of the concern from the anarchistic point of view,<br />
* apparent lack of responsibility and references compared with other encyclopaedias,<br />
* skepticism on the capacity of Anarchopedia, considering its operation based on a collective regulation, to improve quality of the articles, even the prediction of an inescapable walk towards the mediocrity,<br />
* a great number of articles are appeared as a compilation of rough information, without the effort of synthesis which should characterize an encyclopaedic text,<br />
* the contents of Anarchopedia are closely related to the centers of interest of its contributors, from where lacks in the panorama of knowledge.<br />
<br />
==Extent of the Anarchopedia project==<br />
<br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[alb:|Albanian]] <small>(sq) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[ara:|Arabic]] <small>(ar) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[arm:|Armenian]] <small>(hy) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[bos:|Bosnian]] <small>(bs) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[chi:|Chinese]] <small>(zh) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[hrv:|Croatian]] <small>(hr) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[dan:|Danish]] <small>(da) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[eng:|English]] <small>(en) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[epo:|Esperanto]] <small>(eo) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[fra:|French]] <small>(fr) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[ger:|German]] <small>(de) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[gre:|Greek]] <small>(el) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[heb:|Hebrew]] <small>(he) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[dut:|Dutch]] <small>(nl) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[ind:|Indonesian]] <small>(in) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[ita:|Italian]] <small>(it) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[jpn:|Japanese]] <small>(ja) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[lav:|Latvian]] <small>(lv) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[lit:|Lithuanian]] <small>(lt) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[nor:|Norwegian (Bokmål)]] <small>(no) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[fas:|Persian]] <small>(fa) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[pol:|Polish]] <small>(pl) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[por:|Portuguese]] <small>(pt) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[rum:|Romanian]] <small>(ro) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[rus:|Russian]] <small>(rus) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[srp:|Serbian]] <small>(sr) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[spa:|Spanish]] <small>(es) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[swe:|Swedish]] <small>(sv) •</small></span><br />
<span style="white-space:nowrap">[[tur:|Turkish]] <small>(tr) •</small></span><br />
<br />
* [http://anarchopedia.org/List_of_Anarchopedias List of Anarchopedias]<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Antecedents===<br />
<br />
The Anarchopedia project falls under a will to continue with “modern†means (Internet and wiki), the project of collection and organization of the knowledge on anarchism. The idea to gather the whole of knowledge on anarchism will be initiated by [[Sebastien Faure]] in the [[anarchistic encyclopaedia]] (1927), or by maitron in its works of history on the anarchists, and various anarchistic authors will gather documents or writings allowing a posteriori to carry out this base of knowledge on anarchism.<br />
<br />
With the development of the Internet, several people developed knowledge bases on anarchism by Internet (bibliotecs, writings, daily bleed, etc). <br />
<br />
===Origin of the project===<br />
<br />
Wikipedia will be another knowledge base under development, they will be one of the bases and inspirer of this project.<br />
<br />
===Anarchopedia project===<br />
<br />
[[User:Millosh|Milos Rancic]] launched the [http://meta.anarchopedia.org Anarchopedia project] (also as Anarchapedia) in ''[http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2004-September/035299.html September 2004]'', with multiple languages, differing from wikipedia in that every user is granted sysop status; thus launching a direct experiment of anarchy.<br />
<br />
Anarchopedia started in "September 2004", the anglophone wiki in November 2004, and several other projects carried out thereafter. <br />
<br />
====Similar projects====<br />
<br />
*A [http://encyclopedie.zaup.org parallel project], just in french language, and without sysop for all, was launched in november 2004 on [http://zaup.org zaup.org]. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 12 March 2005.<br />
<br />
*A [Indonesian parallel project], just in the Indonesian language, was launched ??? on [???]. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 17 September 2005.<br />
<br />
*A [polish parallel project], just in the polish language, was launched in ???? on [http://???? ????]. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 28 August 2005.<br />
<br />
*A [http://wiki.anarcho.dk parallel project], just in danish language, was launched at august 11 th in 2005 on [http://anarcko.dk anarko.dk]. that project merged with the anarchopedia project on 19 March 2006.<br />
<br />
===Other forms of diffusion of Anarchopedia===<br />
<br />
CD ? DVD ? P2P ? Papers ?<br />
<br />
==advance of Anarchopedia==<br />
===Outstanding dates of Anarchopedia===<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
*<br />
<br />
===Principal indicators of the advance of Anarchopedia===<br />
<br />
to be made, with the statistics…<br />
<br />
===Draft reports===<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
<br />
In addition to this article, you can read some of the articles which intend describe individual aspects of '''Anarchopedia''':<br />
<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:itself|Anarchopedia, itself]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:purpose|Anarchopedia, purpose]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:we|Anarchopedia, we]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:policy|Anarchopedia, policy]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:direct democracy|direct democracy]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:Sysops|sysops]]<br />
*[[meta::en:point of view|point of view]] (POV)<br />
*[[meta::en:large public wiki|large public wiki]]<br />
*[[meta:Anarchopedia:en:faction|factions]]<br />
<br />
See also: [[meta:Category:Anarchopedia projects|Anarchopedia projects]] | [[meta:Anarchopedia:how to help|how to help Anarchopedia]]<br />
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[[Category:Anarchopedia]]<br />
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<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58068 by 46.151.53.11 (Talk)</p>
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| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
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[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
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Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
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====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
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=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
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==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
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*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
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==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
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*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
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<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
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<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
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close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
<br />
| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = <br />
| spouse = <br />
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| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
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<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
<br />
==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
<br />
Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
<br />
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
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[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
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=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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<br />
=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
<br />
'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
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Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
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==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
<br />
<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
<br />
== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
<br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
<br />
<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
<br />
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
<br />
Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=58067
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
2015-03-27T09:18:13Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58066 by 46.151.53.12 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 570px; text-align: center; margin: 10px; border: 2px solid #080;"<br />
|style="width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 13pt;" |[[Template:Article for deletion|BLANKING]]<br />
| ........ <br />
| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
<br />
====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
<br />
=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
<br />
==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
<br />
| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <br />
| children = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
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==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
<br />
Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
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In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
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==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
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{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
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[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
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=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
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'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
<br />
Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
<br />
==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
<br />
<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
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== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
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<!--- Categories ---><br />
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[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
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= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
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<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
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<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
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== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
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<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
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<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
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{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
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Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
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He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
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==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
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i<br />
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<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
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}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
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=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
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<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:anti-authoritarianism&diff=58064
Talk:anti-authoritarianism
2015-03-17T08:40:45Z
<p>Antispam: Removing all content from page</p>
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<div></div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Girl_Underground&diff=58052
Girl Underground
2015-03-09T09:40:28Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58042 by 27.111.71.75 (Talk)</p>
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<div><!--{{infobox Book |<br />
| name = Girl Underground<br />
| title_orig = <br />
| translator = <br />
| image = [[Image:girlu.jpg|200px]] <br />
| image_caption = The first edition of ''Girl Underground''<br />
| author = [[Morris Gleitzman]]<br />
| cover_artist = <br />
| country = {{AUS}}<br />
| language = English<br />
| series = <br />
| genre = <br />
| publisher = [[Puffin Books|Puffin]]<br />
| release_date = 2004<br />
| media_type = Print ([[Hardback]] and [[Paperback]])<br />
| pages = <br />
| isbn = 0143300466<br />
| preceded_by = [[Boy Overboard]]<br />
| followed_by = <br />
| last_book = <br />
followed by = People on Top<br />
}}--><br />
{{SPEED}}<br />
[[Image:girlu.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Cover of the Puffin Books 2004 edition]]<br />
'''''Girl Underground''''' is the companion novel to [[Wikipedia:Morris Gleitzman|Morris Gleitzman]]'s ''[[Boy Overboard]]''. It is the story of Bridget White, whose parents run an illegal imports business, and whose older brother Gavin is in jail on a [[shoplifting]] charge. Bridget's parents have sent her to an exclusive [[Wikipedia:boarding school]] in the belief that it will give her opportunities they didn't have, and so she will not be like them – but as Bridget makes clear, she wants to end up like them.<br />
<br />
== Plot ==<br />
<br />
Bridget wants a quiet life. Including, if possible, keeping her parents out of prison. Then a boy called Menzies makes her an offer she can't refuse, and they set off on a job of their own. It's a desperate, daring plan - to rescue two kids, Jamal and Bibi, from a desert detention centre. They dig a large hole in the ground and try to dig their way to the detention centre. Then the power of a little girl voice and the conscience of the public comes together to stand up for what is right. <br />
<br />
Bridget is a caring girl. This is the story of friendship, courage and a bit of law breaking..<br />
<br />
It is because it helps people to stand up for what they believe in, no matter how unrealistic it seems, that this book is cool.<br />
<br />
''Girl Underground'' is a great source for getting kids to read about war and it helps them understand how mean the government can be.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[http://books.google.com/books?id=iB7PWPiXFHEC Girl Underground] - Google Books<br />
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[[Category:2004 novels]][[Category:Children's novels]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Multatuli&diff=58039
Multatuli
2015-03-05T09:05:52Z
<p>Antispam: interwiki</p>
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<div>'''Multatuli''' ([[birth|born]] [[1820]] [[March 1]] as '''Eduard Douwes Dekker''') (Multatuli — in [[Latin language]] "I have suffered much") was one of [[Netherlands]]´ greatest writers & an anarchist.<br />
<br />
His most important novel, [[Max Havelaar]], depicts the Dutch exploitation of the Javanese. Among his other acclaimed works is Radical Ideas (7 volumes).<br />
<br />
[[Category:Writers]] [[Category:Anarchists]]<br />
<br />
[[it:Multatuli]]<br />
[[de:Multatuli]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:anti-authoritarianism&diff=58038
Talk:anti-authoritarianism
2015-03-05T08:52:12Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58037 by 46.151.53.46 (Talk)</p>
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Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=58036
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
2015-03-02T08:56:57Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58035 by 46.151.53.19 (Talk)</p>
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<div>{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 570px; text-align: center; margin: 10px; border: 2px solid #080;"<br />
|style="width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 13pt;" |[[Template:Article for deletion|BLANKING]]<br />
| ........ <br />
| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
<br />
====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
<br />
=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
<br />
==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
<br />
| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <br />
| children = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
<br />
==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
<br />
Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
<br />
The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
<br />
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
<br />
<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
<br />
=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
<br />
<br />
=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
<br />
'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
<br />
Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
<br />
==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
<br />
==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
<br />
<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
<br />
== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
<br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
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[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
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<br />
<br />
= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
<br />
<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
<br />
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
<br />
Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
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2015-02-24T09:02:34Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58031 by Nowek12340 (Talk)</p>
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2015-02-20T09:10:26Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58029 by 46.151.53.9 (Talk)</p>
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<br />
[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
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==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
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In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
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= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
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====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
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=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
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==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
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==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
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==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
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*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
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==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
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*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
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==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
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{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
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close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
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| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
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| nationality = American <br />
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| education = Emerson College<br />
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'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
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Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
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{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
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|abbreviation =<br />
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|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
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|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
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}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
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==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
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Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
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In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
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==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
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{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
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[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
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=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
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'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
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Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
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==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
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==External link==<br />
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*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
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==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
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<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
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The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
<br />
== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
<br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
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<br />
<br />
= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
<br />
<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
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<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
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Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:anti-authoritarianism&diff=58027
Talk:anti-authoritarianism
2015-02-15T09:01:52Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58024 by 46.151.53.19 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div></div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=58026
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
2015-02-15T08:59:32Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58025 by 46.151.53.19 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 570px; text-align: center; margin: 10px; border: 2px solid #080;"<br />
|style="width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 13pt;" |[[Template:Article for deletion|BLANKING]]<br />
| ........ <br />
| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
|}<br />
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[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
<br />
====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
<br />
=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
<br />
==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
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<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
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<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
<br />
| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
| genre = <br />
| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
| notableworks = <br />
| spouse = <br />
| partner = <br />
| children = <br />
| relatives = <br />
| influences = <br />
| influenced = <br />
| awards = <br />
| signature = <br />
| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
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==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
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Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
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In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
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==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
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{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
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[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
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=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
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'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
<br />
Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
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==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
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==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
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==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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<br />
= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
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<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
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== Professional association ==<br />
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The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
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<!--- Categories ---><br />
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[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
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= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
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<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
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<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
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<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
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<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
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<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
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== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
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= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
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=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
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<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
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{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
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Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
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He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
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==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
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i<br />
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<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
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| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
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[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
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=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
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<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=58023
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
2015-02-14T14:34:52Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58018 by 46.151.53.19 (Talk)</p>
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[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
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Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
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====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
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=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
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==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
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<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
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<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
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| alt = <br />
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| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
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| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
| period = <br />
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| subject = <br />
| movement = <br />
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| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
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}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
<br />
Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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<br />
=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
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<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
<br />
==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
<br />
Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
<br />
==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
<br />
{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
<br />
=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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<br />
=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
<br />
'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
<br />
Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
<br />
==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
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==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
<br />
==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
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<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
<br />
The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
<br />
== Professional association ==<br />
<br />
The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
<br />
<!--- Categories ---><br />
<br />
[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
<br />
<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
<br />
=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
<br />
<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
<br />
= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
<br />
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
<br />
Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:anti-authoritarianism&diff=58022
Talk:anti-authoritarianism
2015-02-14T14:32:55Z
<p>Antispam: Removing all content from page</p>
<hr />
<div></div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Illegal_logging_in_the_Philippines&diff=58013
Illegal logging in the Philippines
2015-02-11T15:28:16Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58012 by 119.92.166.163 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{WP+DEL}}<br />
[[Illegal logging]] [[Wikipedia:Illegal logging|(WP)]] is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of national laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission or from a protected area; the cutting of protected species; or the extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits.<br />
<br />
Illegalities occur right through the chain from source to consumer, the harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including corrupt means to gain access to forests, extraction without permission or from a protected area, cutting of protected species or extraction of timber in excess of agreed limits. Illegalities may also occur during transport, including illegal processing and export as well as non-declaration to customs, before the timber enters the legal market. We can separate illegal logging]] in three main situations. First in line are activities with pure criminal nature. This includes logging without official permissions, timber theft, falsification of documents, usage of violence against local inhabitants, gross law violation by authorities and corruption. Next are mass illegal activities in forest by poor people, looking for satisfaction of their basic needs - food and fuel. Some of these practices are forest infringement, forest conversion for agricultural usage and illegal trafficking. Last are activities due to lack of law enforcement.<br />
<br />
The consequences can be devastating: illegal and unsustainable legal logging contributes to deforestation (directly and by opening forests up to other destructive activities), destroying the world's greatest reservoirs of biodiversity, and hastening climate change. It is directly implicated in "natural" disasters such as landslides (e.g., the recent devastating landslides in the Philippines) and flooding. Floods and landslides have been widely blamed on illegal logging. <br />
<br />
Illegal logging is a pervasive problem throughout the world and unlawful cutting of trees has devastating impact on the world’s forest. Its effects includes declination of forest resources which causes loss of biodiversity, instability and massive erosion of upland soil, serious damage to our river and underground freshwater ecosystem, flood and fueling climate change. In the Philippines, decades of illegal logging contributed to the devastating wrought by storms. With thousands of innocent people lost their lives due to floods and landslides, as well as all other ecological disasters through the years, blame has fallen on illegal loggers who have stripped hillsides bare and turned green forests into death traps. <br />
Illegal logging is a major factor in flood devastation of Philippines.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, illegal logging contributes to deforestation and by extension global warming, causes loss of biodiversity and undermines the rule of law. These illegal activities undermine responsible forest management, encourage corruption and tax evasion and reduce the income of the producer countries, further limiting the resources producer countries can invest in sustainable development. Illegal logging has serious economic and social implications for the poor and disadvantaged. Furthermore, the illegal trade of forest resources undermines international security, and is frequently associated with corruption, money laundering, organized crime, human rights abuses and, in some cases, violent conflict. In the forestry sector, cheap imports of illegal timber and forest products, together with the non-compliance of some economic players with basic social and environmental standards, destabilize international markets. <br />
<br />
<br />
==REFERENCES==<br />
<br />
Environmental Investigation Agency. http://www.eia-international.org/index.shtml<br />
<br />
* Lasco, R. D., Visco, R. G. & Pulhin, J. M. 2001. Secondary forests in the Philippines: formation and transformation in the 20th century. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13(4): 652–670. Retrieved February 8, 2011, from http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/SecondaryForest/Lasco.pdf.<br />
<br />
* Sheikh, Pervaze A. (2008). CRS Report for Congress. Illegal Logging: Background and Issues. Retrieved <br />
February 8, 2011, from http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/08July/RL33932.pdf<br />
<br />
* Teehankee, J. (2008). The State, Illegal Logging, and Environmental NGOs, in the Philippines. Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal Of Third World Studies, 9(1). Retrieved February 8, 2011, from http://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/930/928<br />
[[Category:Crime]][[Category:Logging]][[Category:Illegal logging]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=paedophilia&diff=58006
paedophilia
2015-02-08T08:55:24Z
<p>Antispam: /* Societal views */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Paedophilia''' (etymology: from Ancient Greek παιδόφιλος (''paidophilos'') - παῖς (''pais'', "boy, child") and φιλÎω (''phileÅ'', "I love"),<ref>[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedophilia Wiktionary definition]</ref> also spelt '''pedophilia''', is a sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children. While the exact definition varies by context, it commonly refers to the medical definition defined in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' published by the ''American Psychiatric Association''. The correct term for an attraction to adolescents is [[ephebophilia]].<br />
<br />
Those who meet the criteria set above are classed as '''paedophiles'''. Common usage do not follow the strict medical definitions of an adult or teen who is attracted to ''prepubescent'' children, but often refers to any adult who is attracted to, or has sexual contact with, any person under the [[age of consent]], or the age of majority (often 16-18 in most western countries).<br />
<br />
In popular usage, the word ''paedophilia'' is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name="setovii">{{cite book |last= Seto |first= Michael |date= 2008|title= Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children |location= Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychological Association|page= vii}}</ref> This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.<ref name=ames>{{cite journal | author = Ames MA, Houston DA | title = Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia | journal = Arch Sex Behav | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 333–42 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2205170 | doi = 10.1007/BF01541928 }}</ref> Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because many child sexual abuse offenders are not paedophiles,<ref name=Oxford>{{Cite book| last1 = Blaney | first1 = Paul H. | last2 = Millon | first2 = Theodore | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology) |edition= 2nd | year= 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | quote = Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference.| isbn = 0-19-537421-5 | pages = 528}}</ref><ref name="Edwards">Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". ''Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series'' (12), 74-75.</ref> and not all paedophiles molest children.<ref name="feelgood">{{cite journal | author = Feelgood S, Hoyer J | year = 2008 | title = Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children | journal = Journal of Sexual Aggression | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–43 | doi=10.1080/13552600802133860}}</ref><ref name=SetoReview>Seto MC. (2009) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153618 Pedophilia]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391–407.</ref><br />
<br />
==Societal views==<br />
Paedophilia is in genral stigmatised in our society.<ref name="jahnkeblind">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Hoyer, J. | year = 2013 | title = Stigma against people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research? | journal = International Journal of Sexual Health | volume = 25 | page = 169–184}}</ref> One study reported high levels of anger, fear and social rejection even towards pedophiles who have not committed a crime.<ref name="jahnkesurveys">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., Hoyer, J. | year = 2015 | title = Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | page = 21-34}}</ref> The authors suggested such attitudes could negatively impact child sexual abuse prevention by reducing pedophiles' mental stability and discouraging them from seeking help.<ref name="jahnkeblind" /><br />
<br />
Early research showed that there was a great deal of misunderstanding and unrealistic perceptions in the general public about child sexual abuse and pedophiles.<ref>{{cite journal | author = McCartan, K. | title = 'Here There Be Monsters': the public's perception of paedophiles with particular reference to Belfast and Leicester | journal = Medicine, Science and the Law | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–42 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15573972 | doi = 10.1258/rsmmsl.44.4.327 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Misuse of medical terminology===<br />
The words ''paedophile'' and ''paedophilia'' are sometimes used informally to describe an adult's sexual interest in pubescent or post-pubescent teenagers. The terms ''[[hebephilia]]'' or ''[[ephebophilia]]'' are more accurate in these cases.<ref name=britannica>{{Cite web|title=pedophilia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058932 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another common usage of ''pedophilia'' is to refer to the act of sexual abuse itself,<ref name="setovii" /> rather than the medical meaning, which is a ''preference'' for prepubescents on the part of the older individual.<ref>see [[Wikipedia:Pedophilia#Prevalence and child molestation|"prevalence and child molestation" on Wikipedia's entry for paedophilia]] for an explanation of the distinction.</ref><ref name="ames" /> There are also situations where the terms are misused to refer to relationships where the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them.<ref name="www.huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite news| last = Guzzardi| first = Will| title = Andy Martin, GOP Senate Candidate, Calls Opponent Mark Kirk A "De Facto Pedophile" | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/06/andy-martin-gop-senate-ca_n_413624.html | date = 2010-01-06| accessdate = 15 January 2010 | work=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>Seligman, M. (1993). ''What you can change and what you can't'', page 235. New York: Fawcett Columbine.</ref> Researchers state that the above uses of the term ''pedophilia'' are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided.<ref name="ames"/> The [[Wikipedia:Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic]] states that ''pedophilia'' "is not a criminal or legal term".<ref name=mayoclinic>{{cite journal | author = Hall RC, Hall RC | title = A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues | journal = Mayo Clin. Proc. | volume = 82 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–71 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17418075 | doi = 10.4065/82.4.457 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Paedophile advocacy groups===<br />
From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several paedophile membership organizations advocated to lower or abolish [[age of consent]] laws,<ref name=jenkins2006>{{Cite book|title=Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120|isbn=0-19-517866-1}}</ref><ref name="spiegel">{{Cite book|title=Sexual Abuse of Males: The Sam Model of Theory and Practice |last= Spiegel |first=Josef |year=2003 |pages=5, p9 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 1-56032-403-1}}</ref><ref name="Eichewald4">{{Cite news|author=Eichewald, Kurt |title=From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach|publisher=New York Times|date=August 21, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html}}</ref> as well as for the acceptance of paedophilia as a [[sexual orientation]] rather than a psychological disorder,<ref name="Bernard">{{Cite journal|title=The Dutch Paedophile Emancipation Movement |author= Dr. Frits Bernard, |journal=Paidika: the Journal of Paedophilia |volume= 1| issue = 2, (Autumn 1987), p. 35–4 |quote=Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and paedophilia should be considered equally valuable forms of human behavior.}}</ref> and for the legalization of [[child pornography]].<ref name="Eichewald4"/> The efforts of paedophile advocacy groups did not gain majority public support<ref name=jenkins2006/><ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=jenkins1992>{{Cite book|title=Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=1992 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |page=75 |isbn=0-202-30436-1 |quote=In the 1970s, the pedophile movement was one of several fringe groups whose cause was to some extent espoused in the name of gay liberation.}}</ref><ref name=stanton>{{Cite book|title=Discourses of Sexuality: From Aristotle to AIDS |first=Domna C. |last=Stanton |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |page=405|isbn= 0-472-06513-0}}</ref><ref name=hagan>{{Cite book|title=Deviance and the family |first=Domna C. |last= Hagan |author2=Marvin B. Sussman |year= 1988 |publisher=Haworth Press|page=131|isbn= 0-86656-726-7}}</ref> and today many paedophile advocacy groups have been dissolved and have minimal membership.<ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=hagan/><ref>Benoit Denizet-Lewis (2001). "[http://web.archive.org/web/20050325090306/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=27 Boy Crazy]", Boston Magazine.</ref><ref>Trembaly, Pierre (2002). [http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/trembaly_2002__social_inter.pdf "Social interactions among paedophiles"].</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{wikipedia|Pedophilia}}<br />
[[Category:Crime by type]][[Category:Human sexuality]][[Category:Pedophilia]][[Category:Philosophy of sexuality]][[Category:Sex crimes]][[Category:Sexcrime]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Taboos]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User_talk:SocialistQueer&diff=58005
User talk:SocialistQueer
2015-02-08T08:49:57Z
<p>Antispam: New page: Excuse my english...be careful what you write, Anarchopedia must not make propaganda pro-pedophilia.--~~~~</p>
<hr />
<div>Excuse my english...be careful what you write, Anarchopedia must not make propaganda pro-pedophilia.--[[User:Antispam|Antispam]] 08:49, 8 February 2015 (UTC)</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=paedophilia&diff=58004
paedophilia
2015-02-08T08:48:03Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 58000 by SocialistQueer (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Paedophilia''' (etymology: from Ancient Greek παιδόφιλος (''paidophilos'') - παῖς (''pais'', "boy, child") and φιλÎω (''phileÅ'', "I love"),<ref>[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedophilia Wiktionary definition]</ref> also spelt '''pedophilia''', is a sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children. While the exact definition varies by context, it commonly refers to the medical definition defined in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' published by the ''American Psychiatric Association''. The correct term for an attraction to adolescents is [[ephebophilia]].<br />
<br />
Those who meet the criteria set above are classed as '''paedophiles'''. Common usage do not follow the strict medical definitions of an adult or teen who is attracted to ''prepubescent'' children, but often refers to any adult who is attracted to, or has sexual contact with, any person under the [[age of consent]], or the age of majority (often 16-18 in most western countries).<br />
<br />
In popular usage, the word ''paedophilia'' is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name="setovii">{{cite book |last= Seto |first= Michael |date= 2008|title= Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children |location= Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychological Association|page= vii}}</ref> This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.<ref name=ames>{{cite journal | author = Ames MA, Houston DA | title = Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia | journal = Arch Sex Behav | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 333–42 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2205170 | doi = 10.1007/BF01541928 }}</ref> Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because many child sexual abuse offenders are not paedophiles,<ref name=Oxford>{{Cite book| last1 = Blaney | first1 = Paul H. | last2 = Millon | first2 = Theodore | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology) |edition= 2nd | year= 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | quote = Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference.| isbn = 0-19-537421-5 | pages = 528}}</ref><ref name="Edwards">Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". ''Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series'' (12), 74-75.</ref> and not all paedophiles molest children.<ref name="feelgood">{{cite journal | author = Feelgood S, Hoyer J | year = 2008 | title = Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children | journal = Journal of Sexual Aggression | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–43 | doi=10.1080/13552600802133860}}</ref><ref name=SetoReview>Seto MC. (2009) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153618 Pedophilia]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391–407.</ref><br />
<br />
==Societal views==<br />
Paedophilia is rightly stigmatised in society.<ref name="jahnkeblind">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Hoyer, J. | year = 2013 | title = Stigma against people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research? | journal = International Journal of Sexual Health | volume = 25 | page = 169–184}}</ref> One study reported high levels of anger, fear and social rejection even towards pedophiles who have not committed a crime.<ref name="jahnkesurveys">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., Hoyer, J. | year = 2015 | title = Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | page = 21-34}}</ref> The authors suggested such attitudes could negatively impact child sexual abuse prevention by reducing pedophiles' mental stability and discouraging them from seeking help.<ref name="jahnkeblind" /><br />
<br />
Early research showed that there was a great deal of misunderstanding and unrealistic perceptions in the general public about child sexual abuse and pedophiles.<ref>{{cite journal | author = McCartan, K. | title = 'Here There Be Monsters': the public's perception of paedophiles with particular reference to Belfast and Leicester | journal = Medicine, Science and the Law | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–42 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15573972 | doi = 10.1258/rsmmsl.44.4.327 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Misuse of medical terminology===<br />
The words ''paedophile'' and ''paedophilia'' are sometimes used informally to describe an adult's sexual interest in pubescent or post-pubescent teenagers. The terms ''[[hebephilia]]'' or ''[[ephebophilia]]'' are more accurate in these cases.<ref name=britannica>{{Cite web|title=pedophilia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058932 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another common usage of ''pedophilia'' is to refer to the act of sexual abuse itself,<ref name="setovii" /> rather than the medical meaning, which is a ''preference'' for prepubescents on the part of the older individual.<ref>see [[Wikipedia:Pedophilia#Prevalence and child molestation|"prevalence and child molestation" on Wikipedia's entry for paedophilia]] for an explanation of the distinction.</ref><ref name="ames" /> There are also situations where the terms are misused to refer to relationships where the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them.<ref name="www.huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite news| last = Guzzardi| first = Will| title = Andy Martin, GOP Senate Candidate, Calls Opponent Mark Kirk A "De Facto Pedophile" | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/06/andy-martin-gop-senate-ca_n_413624.html | date = 2010-01-06| accessdate = 15 January 2010 | work=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>Seligman, M. (1993). ''What you can change and what you can't'', page 235. New York: Fawcett Columbine.</ref> Researchers state that the above uses of the term ''pedophilia'' are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided.<ref name="ames"/> The [[Wikipedia:Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic]] states that ''pedophilia'' "is not a criminal or legal term".<ref name=mayoclinic>{{cite journal | author = Hall RC, Hall RC | title = A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues | journal = Mayo Clin. Proc. | volume = 82 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–71 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17418075 | doi = 10.4065/82.4.457 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Paedophile advocacy groups===<br />
From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several paedophile membership organizations advocated to lower or abolish [[age of consent]] laws,<ref name=jenkins2006>{{Cite book|title=Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120|isbn=0-19-517866-1}}</ref><ref name="spiegel">{{Cite book|title=Sexual Abuse of Males: The Sam Model of Theory and Practice |last= Spiegel |first=Josef |year=2003 |pages=5, p9 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 1-56032-403-1}}</ref><ref name="Eichewald4">{{Cite news|author=Eichewald, Kurt |title=From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach|publisher=New York Times|date=August 21, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html}}</ref> as well as for the acceptance of paedophilia as a [[sexual orientation]] rather than a psychological disorder,<ref name="Bernard">{{Cite journal|title=The Dutch Paedophile Emancipation Movement |author= Dr. Frits Bernard, |journal=Paidika: the Journal of Paedophilia |volume= 1| issue = 2, (Autumn 1987), p. 35–4 |quote=Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and paedophilia should be considered equally valuable forms of human behavior.}}</ref> and for the legalization of [[child pornography]].<ref name="Eichewald4"/> The efforts of paedophile advocacy groups did not gain majority public support<ref name=jenkins2006/><ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=jenkins1992>{{Cite book|title=Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=1992 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |page=75 |isbn=0-202-30436-1 |quote=In the 1970s, the pedophile movement was one of several fringe groups whose cause was to some extent espoused in the name of gay liberation.}}</ref><ref name=stanton>{{Cite book|title=Discourses of Sexuality: From Aristotle to AIDS |first=Domna C. |last=Stanton |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |page=405|isbn= 0-472-06513-0}}</ref><ref name=hagan>{{Cite book|title=Deviance and the family |first=Domna C. |last= Hagan |author2=Marvin B. Sussman |year= 1988 |publisher=Haworth Press|page=131|isbn= 0-86656-726-7}}</ref> and today many paedophile advocacy groups have been dissolved and have minimal membership.<ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=hagan/><ref>Benoit Denizet-Lewis (2001). "[http://web.archive.org/web/20050325090306/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=27 Boy Crazy]", Boston Magazine.</ref><ref>Trembaly, Pierre (2002). [http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/trembaly_2002__social_inter.pdf "Social interactions among paedophiles"].</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{wikipedia|Pedophilia}}<br />
[[Category:Crime by type]][[Category:Human sexuality]][[Category:Pedophilia]][[Category:Philosophy of sexuality]][[Category:Sex crimes]][[Category:Sexcrime]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Taboos]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=paedophilia&diff=57994
paedophilia
2015-02-07T09:01:38Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Paedophilia''' (etymology: from Ancient Greek παιδόφιλος (''paidophilos'') - παῖς (''pais'', "boy, child") and φιλÎω (''phileÅ'', "I love"),<ref>[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/paedophilia Wiktionary definition]</ref> also spelt '''pedophilia''', is a sexual attraction to pre-pubescent children. While the exact definition varies by context, it commonly refers to the medical definition defined in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' published by the ''American Psychiatric Association''. The correct term for an attraction to adolescents is [[ephebophilia]].<br />
<br />
Those who meet the criteria set above are classed as '''paedophiles'''. Common usage do not follow the strict medical definitions of an adult or teen who is attracted to ''prepubescent'' children, but often refers to any adult who is attracted to, or has sexual contact with, any person under the [[age of consent]], or the age of majority (often 16-18 in most western countries).<br />
<br />
In popular usage, the word ''paedophilia'' is often applied to any sexual interest in children or the act of [[child sexual abuse]].<ref name="setovii">{{cite book |last= Seto |first= Michael |date= 2008|title= Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children |location= Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychological Association|page= vii}}</ref> This use conflates the sexual attraction (pedophilia) with the act of abuse (child molestation), and does not distinguish between attraction to prepubescent and pubescent or post-pubescent minors.<ref name=ames>{{cite journal | author = Ames MA, Houston DA | title = Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia | journal = Arch Sex Behav | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 333–42 | date = August 1990 | pmid = 2205170 | doi = 10.1007/BF01541928 }}</ref> Researchers recommend that these imprecise uses be avoided because many child sexual abuse offenders are not paedophiles,<ref name=Oxford>{{Cite book| last1 = Blaney | first1 = Paul H. | last2 = Millon | first2 = Theodore | title = Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology) |edition= 2nd | year= 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | quote = Some cases of child molestation, especially those involving incest, are committed in the absence of any identifiable deviant erotic age preference.| isbn = 0-19-537421-5 | pages = 528}}</ref><ref name="Edwards">Edwards, M. (1997) "Treatment for Paedophiles; Treatment for Sex Offenders". ''Paedophile Policy and Prevention, Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series'' (12), 74-75.</ref> and not all paedophiles molest children.<ref name="feelgood">{{cite journal | author = Feelgood S, Hoyer J | year = 2008 | title = Child molester or paedophile? Sociolegal versus psychopathological classification of sexual offenders against children | journal = Journal of Sexual Aggression | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 33–43 | doi=10.1080/13552600802133860}}</ref><ref name=SetoReview>Seto MC. (2009) [http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153618 Pedophilia]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 5:391–407.</ref><br />
<br />
==Societal views==<br />
Paedophilia is rightly stigmatised in society.<ref name="jahnkeblind">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Hoyer, J. | year = 2013 | title = Stigma against people with pedophilia: A blind spot in stigma research? | journal = International Journal of Sexual Health | volume = 25 | page = 169–184}}</ref> One study reported high levels of anger, fear and social rejection even towards pedophiles who have not committed a crime.<ref name="jahnkesurveys">{{cite journal | author = Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., Hoyer, J. | year = 2015 | title = Stigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | page = 21-34}}</ref> The authors suggested such attitudes could negatively impact child sexual abuse prevention by reducing pedophiles' mental stability and discouraging them from seeking help.<ref name="jahnkeblind" /><br />
<br />
Early research showed that there was a great deal of misunderstanding and unrealistic perceptions in the general public about child sexual abuse and pedophiles.<ref>{{cite journal | author = McCartan, K. | title = 'Here There Be Monsters': the public's perception of paedophiles with particular reference to Belfast and Leicester | journal = Medicine, Science and the Law | volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 327–42 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15573972 | doi = 10.1258/rsmmsl.44.4.327 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Misuse of medical terminology===<br />
The words ''paedophile'' and ''paedophilia'' are sometimes used informally to describe an adult's sexual interest in pubescent or post-pubescent teenagers. The terms ''[[hebephilia]]'' or ''[[ephebophilia]]'' are more accurate in these cases.<ref name=britannica>{{Cite web|title=pedophilia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058932 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> <br />
<br />
Another common usage of ''pedophilia'' is to refer to the act of sexual abuse itself,<ref name="setovii" /> rather than the medical meaning, which is a ''preference'' for prepubescents on the part of the older individual.<ref>see [[Wikipedia:Pedophilia#Prevalence and child molestation|"prevalence and child molestation" on Wikipedia's entry for paedophilia]] for an explanation of the distinction.</ref><ref name="ames" /> There are also situations where the terms are misused to refer to relationships where the younger person is an adult of legal age, but is either considered too young in comparison to their older partner, or the older partner occupies a position of authority over them.<ref name="www.huffingtonpost.com">{{Cite news| last = Guzzardi| first = Will| title = Andy Martin, GOP Senate Candidate, Calls Opponent Mark Kirk A "De Facto Pedophile" | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/06/andy-martin-gop-senate-ca_n_413624.html | date = 2010-01-06| accessdate = 15 January 2010 | work=Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>Seligman, M. (1993). ''What you can change and what you can't'', page 235. New York: Fawcett Columbine.</ref> Researchers state that the above uses of the term ''pedophilia'' are imprecise or suggest that they are best avoided.<ref name="ames"/> The [[Wikipedia:Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic]] states that ''pedophilia'' "is not a criminal or legal term".<ref name=mayoclinic>{{cite journal | author = Hall RC, Hall RC | title = A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues | journal = Mayo Clin. Proc. | volume = 82 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–71 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17418075 | doi = 10.4065/82.4.457 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Paedophile advocacy groups===<br />
From the late 1950s to early 1990s, several paedophile membership organizations advocated to lower or abolish [[age of consent]] laws,<ref name=jenkins2006>{{Cite book|title=Decade of Nightmares: The End of the Sixties and the Making of Eighties America |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=120|isbn=0-19-517866-1}}</ref><ref name="spiegel">{{Cite book|title=Sexual Abuse of Males: The Sam Model of Theory and Practice |last= Spiegel |first=Josef |year=2003 |pages=5, p9 |publisher=Routledge |isbn= 1-56032-403-1}}</ref><ref name="Eichewald4">{{Cite news|author=Eichewald, Kurt |title=From Their Own Online World, Pedophiles Extend Their Reach|publisher=New York Times|date=August 21, 2006|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/21/technology/21pedo.html}}</ref> as well as for the acceptance of paedophilia as a [[sexual orientation]] rather than a psychological disorder,<ref name="Bernard">{{Cite journal|title=The Dutch Paedophile Emancipation Movement |author= Dr. Frits Bernard, |journal=Paidika: the Journal of Paedophilia |volume= 1| issue = 2, (Autumn 1987), p. 35–4 |quote=Heterosexuality, homosexuality, bisexuality and paedophilia should be considered equally valuable forms of human behavior.}}</ref> and for the legalization of [[child pornography]].<ref name="Eichewald4"/> The efforts of paedophile advocacy groups did not gain majority public support<ref name=jenkins2006/><ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=jenkins1992>{{Cite book|title=Intimate Enemies: Moral Panics in Contemporary Great Britain |first=Philip |last=Jenkins |year=1992 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |page=75 |isbn=0-202-30436-1 |quote=In the 1970s, the pedophile movement was one of several fringe groups whose cause was to some extent espoused in the name of gay liberation.}}</ref><ref name=stanton>{{Cite book|title=Discourses of Sexuality: From Aristotle to AIDS |first=Domna C. |last=Stanton |year=1992 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |page=405|isbn= 0-472-06513-0}}</ref><ref name=hagan>{{Cite book|title=Deviance and the family |first=Domna C. |last= Hagan |author2=Marvin B. Sussman |year= 1988 |publisher=Haworth Press|page=131|isbn= 0-86656-726-7}}</ref> and today many paedophile advocacy groups have been dissolved and have minimal membership.<ref name="Eichewald4"/><ref name=hagan/><ref>Benoit Denizet-Lewis (2001). "[http://web.archive.org/web/20050325090306/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=27 Boy Crazy]", Boston Magazine.</ref><ref>Trembaly, Pierre (2002). [http://www.childtrafficking.com/Docs/trembaly_2002__social_inter.pdf "Social interactions among paedophiles"].</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
{{wikipedia|Pedophilia}}<br />
[[Category:Crime by type]][[Category:Human sexuality]][[Category:Pedophilia]][[Category:Philosophy of sexuality]][[Category:Sex crimes]][[Category:Sexcrime]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Sexuality and society]][[Category:Taboos]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=User:Anarchangel/Sandbox&diff=57985
User:Anarchangel/Sandbox
2015-01-30T14:04:36Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>{| cellspacing="0" style="width: 570px; text-align: center; margin: 10px; border: 2px solid #080;"<br />
|style="width: 42px; height: 42px; font-size: 13pt;" |[[Template:Article for deletion|BLANKING]]<br />
| ........ <br />
| style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 1em;" " |'''Substantial text was removed from this article prior to or during AfD'''<br />
|style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This notice is added to prevent misrepresentation of the potential of the article under discussion, compromise of the relevance of contributions to the discussion, and complication of the discussion's conduct and closure<br />
|style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 1.1em;" |This is not an official WP notice [[User:Anarchangel]] (time)<br />
|}<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Bath salts (drug)]]<br />
<br />
Gingrich the Were-Grinch (for his violent podium-pounding speeches before sympathetic audiences), head on an ape body like the Darwin apeman. The right is essentially animalistic; the further you get up the evolutionary scale, past reptiles to mammals, pack mammals, and to humans, the more socialistic the behaviour.<br />
<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Xerxes_(film) This explains a lot. AfD is a locker room connected by carbon fibre]<br />
List of precedents to prove that WP:GAMEGUIDE was wrong all along. Stutter step (tennis), Golf swing, Category:Chess openings, Category:Bridge squeezes,<br />
<br />
= Jash =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Jash<br />
'''Jash''' (Kurdish: ''CaÅŸ'' or ''CahÅŸ'', literally meaning "donkey's foal"), or '''fursan'''<ref name="mcdowall">{{cite book|last=McDowall|first=David|title=A Modern History of the Kurds : Third Edition|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=dgDi9qFT41oC&pg=PA354&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|edition=Third|date=May 15, 2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=1-85043-416-6}}</ref> is a type of [[collaborator]]<ref name="mcdowall" />, usually a military unit composed of people of Kurdish descent that cooperates with enemy combatants against the Kurdish army, Kurdish rebels, or the Kurdish civilian population.<ref name="mcdowall" /><ref name=Prunhuber">{{cite book|last=Prunhuber|first=Carol|title=The Passion and Death of Rahman the Kurd: Dreaming Kurdistan|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=JdRwGcJg7DwC&pg=PA114&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=jash&f=false|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1440178160}}</ref><ref name="Mackey2003">{{cite book|last=Mackey|first=Sandra|title=The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein|url=http://books.google.pl/books?id=9idnMTt38BEC&pg=PA292&dq=jash+kurd&hl=en&ei=5eFNTYjhHIT68AaN3NiIDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=jash%20kurd&f=false|year=2003|publisher=W. W. Norton &amp;amp; Company|location=New York|isbn=0-393-32428-1}}</ref> The term is considered derogatory<ref name="mcdowall" /> in a cultural sense in much the same way as [[quisling]] is.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 624 AD (one of the earliest known appearances of this term), during a military campaign of extermination and looting taking place within the [[Battle of Badr]], a commander's orders informed ''jash'' units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even Kurdish women was legal.<ref name="knowledge">Jonathan C. Randal, ''After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters with Kurdistan'', 356 pp., Westview Press, 1998, ISBN 0813335809, p.231</ref> <br />
<br />
In the latter half of the 20th century, Kurds who became collaborators with the [[Iraq|Iraqi]] government have been referred to as ''jash''.<ref name="Mackey2003"/> The number of jash increased to "as many as 150,000 by 1986" as a method of avoiding military participation in the [[Iran–Iraq War]]. These jash then realigned with the rest of the Kurdish people during the 1991 Kurdish uprising. It has been stated by a number of Kurds that "the jash had been completely forgiven".<ref>{{cite book |title=A thousand sighs, a thousand revolts: journeys in Kurdistan |last=Bird |first=Christiane |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Random House, Inc |location= |isbn= |page=81 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DYwFG3e9KIcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22Jash%22&hl=en&ei=_xpHTfjoIoOClAeH38lI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22Jash%22&f=false |accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Fifth column]]<br />
* [[Collaborationism]]<br />
* [[Hanjian]]<br />
* [[Quisling]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Kurdish culture]]<br />
<br />
<br />
= List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient of income inequality - Survived 3 noms =<br />
<br />
=2010 UK student protests=<br />
Split into four separate days. Will take a lot of work, like the CIA articles.<br />
<br />
[[Wikipedia:Laplace]] "I had no need of that hypothesis" *The weight of evidence for an extraordinary claim must be proportioned to its strangeness.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=497783&format=print A sense of place in the heartland], The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Online</ref>the following is unable to be reliably confirmed and cited: "(known as the ''Principle of Laplace'')". Here is the only [[LaPlace principle (large deviations theory)]]<br />
<br />
====WP NODEL|Dolphin safe label-Kept====<br />
<br />
=Water and the environment=<br />
{{WP NODEL|Water and the environment}}<br />
{{rescue}}<br />
[[File:Aralship2.jpg|right|thumb|A ship stranded due to a reduction in the size of the [[Aral Sea]]. It has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects.]]<br />
'''[[Water]]''' is an important part of the '''[[environment (biophysical)|environment]]''' since it supports virtiually all forms of life. As well as being an essential part of diet humans have made use of it for recreation and for economic activity. In recent years various [[environmental issue]]s have arisen due to this usage.<br />
<br />
==Occurrence==<br />
[[File:Iceberg with hole near sanderson hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|right|thumb|Water in its three phases - solid, liquid and gaseous.]]<br />
Water is [[Water distribution on Earth|widely distributed on Earth]] in three phases of [[matter]] as solid, liquid and gas. [[Ice]] is the solid phase.<br />
<br />
==Usage==<br />
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}<br />
<br />
==Water pollution==<br />
{{Main|Water pollution}}<br />
<br />
*[[Marine pollution]]<br />
*[[Ballast water discharge and the environment]]<br />
<br />
==Water conservation==<br />
[[Water conservation]] is increasingly practised as the demand for [[water resource]]s increases.<br />
<br />
*[[Water wars]]<br />
*[[Peak water]]<br />
*[[Water crisis]]<br />
*[[Irrigation]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{{Portal|Water}}<br />
*[[List of water topics]]<br />
*[[Natural environment]]<br />
*[[Sustainability]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
*{{citation |title=Water and the environment | author=John Rose |isbn=9782881247477 | year=1991 | publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=3}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Water And The Environment}}<br />
[[Category:Water and the environment| ]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{environment-stub}}<br />
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<br />
<br />
=George Watsky=<br />
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=george+watsky&aq=0<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/George_Watsky<br />
<br />
close paraphrase|source=http://georgewatsky.com/about/|date=January 2011<br />
{{Infobox Writer<br />
| name = George Watsky<br />
| image =<br />
| imagesize = 464 × 642 - 174k - jpg<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| pseudonym = <br />
| birthname = <br />
| birthdate = <br />
| birthplace = San Francisco, CA, USA <br />
| occupation = Poet and Performer<ref>[http://georgewatsky.com/about/]</ref> <br />
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| nationality = American <br />
| ethnicity = <br />
| citizenship = <br />
| education = Emerson College<br />
| alma_mater = <br />
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| website = http://georgewatsky.com/<br />
| portaldisp = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Watsky''' is a writer, performer, and environmental activist from [[San Francisco, California]]. Watsky performs [[slam poetry]], and was featured on Season 6 of Russell Simmons Presents Def Poetry on [[HBO]].<ref>http://www.studlife.com/news/2011/01/28/wu-slam-gears-up-for-3rd-annual-grand-slam/</ref> Watsky’s talents began to receive national and international acclaim in 2006 when he was the Youth Speaks Grand Slam Poetry Champion, and was also named Brave New Voices International Poetry Slam Champion.<ref>http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/3362391/Kid-posts-jaw-dropping-rap-vid.html</ref> He has been a performer in a record six consecutive Youth Speaks Grand Slam finals, his audiences being the largest for anyone in any poetry slam event.{{fact|date=January 2011}} He also was one of the three poets who performed live on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] at the [[NAACP Image Awards]] in honor of [[Russell Simmons]]’ lifetime achievement award.<ref>http://georgewatsky.com/about/</ref> Watsky graduated from [[Emerson College]] earlier this year and has achieved newfound fame with his viral [[YouTube]] video "Pale kid raps fast," which as of Jan. 30 had over five million views.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6XLswqiX0s]</ref> He was recently featured on [[The Ellen DeGeneres Show]] performing a slightly modified version of that rap. This year he produced a fifteen track [[hip-hop]] album titled "Watsky."<br />
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Watsky was profiled in the [[Boston Globe]] in 2009. The Arts section reviewed his one-man show "Where the Magic Happens" favorably and called him a "poetry-slam star."<ref>http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/12/04/slam_artist_george_watsky_plugs_into_poetry_as_a_media_platform/</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Living people]]<br />
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=Friends of Five Creeks=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Friends_of_the_Five_Creeks<br />
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<br />
{{Infobox organization<br />
|name = Friends of Five Creeks<br />
|image = Friends of Five Creeks logo.gif<br />
|image_border =<br />
|size = 108px<br />
|alt =<br />
|caption = Logo<br />
|map =<br />
|msize =<br />
|malt =<br />
|mcaption =<br />
|abbreviation =<br />
|motto =<br />
|formation = 1996<br />
|extinction =<br />
|type = Parent organization is a registered non-profit<ref name=registration>{{cite web|url=http://www.bpfp.org/index.php/bpfp-official-documents/bpfp-articles-of-incorporation/|title=Articles of Incorporation of Berkeley Partners for Parks|quote=Endorsed (1884392) and Filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of California on Mar 18, 1994.}}</ref><br />
|status =<br />
|purpose = Wildlife habitat protection<br />
|headquarters = Albany Community Center, 1249 Marin<br />
|location =<br />
|region_served =<br />
|membership = Volunteer<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-29/opinion/17485912_1_invasive-plants-eucalyptus-native-plants/2 The Right Shade of Green / We're being invaded by alien species]. Kurt True. 29-04-2003. Retrieved 28-01-2011.</ref><br />
|language =<br />
|leader_title =<br />
|leader_name = Susan Schwartz<br />
|main_organ =<br />
|parent_organization = [[Berkeley Partners for Parks]]<br />
|affiliations =<br />
|num_staff =<br />
|num_volunteers =<br />
|budget =<br />
|website = http://www.fivecreeks.org/<br />
|remarks =<br />
}}<br />
'''Friends of Five Creeks''' is a regional community volunteer organization founded in 1996 by Sonja Wadman originally dedicated to the stewardship of creeks in northern [[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]] and [[West County|western Contra Costa]], [[California]], United States.<ref name="cacoco">[http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/directory/resdirectory/f_orgs/friendsoffivecreeks.html Friends of Five Creeks]. [[California Coastal Commission]]. 2011. 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature.] Shellah Moody. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''. 05-10-2008. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=ecpatch>[http://elcerrito.patch.com/events/worldwide-work-party-with-friends-of-five-creeks "Worldwide Work Party" with Friends of Five Creeks ]. ''El Cerrito Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Education about wildlife and restoration is also a major facet of the FCC's mission.<ref name=elc>[http://www.el-cerrito.org/public_works/creeks.html Creeks]. El-Cerrito.org. ''City of El Cerrito website''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeansocialecologyinstitute.org/site/organics/2006/kauffman-1-2006.html |title=Paved Paradise in Berkeley |first=Turk |last=Kauffman |first2=Lauri |last2=Puchall |publisher=European Social Ecology Institute |date=May 2006 |accessdate=2011-01-28 |quote=In recent years, grassroots groups such as... Friends of Five Creeks are attempting to daylight and restore the local network of creeks and bring back wildlife to the watershed.}}</ref><br />
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==History==<br />
The organization is dedicated to improving creek habitats for environmental, flood control, pollution filtration, and beautification reasons. The original five creeks were [[Cerrito Creek]]-[[Middle Creek (California)|Middle/Blackberry]], [[Marin Creek]], [[Codornices Creek]], [[Schoolhouse Creek]] and [[Marin Creek|Marin/Village Creek]], however the organization's involvement has expanded to all the creeks in the area including the communities of [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[Albany, California|Albany]], [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]], [[Kensington, California|Kensington]], [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], and the surrounding unincorporated areas.<ref name=ecpatch/><ref name=found/> Susan Schwartz the organizations leader states that the organization like other "friends of" groups would not have gotten off the ground without help from the [[Urban Creeks Council]].<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-04-04/news/17485539_1_creek-restoration-concrete-channel-blackberry-creek/3 Water warriors / United Creeks Council quietly fights to bring streams to light]. Katherine Redding. ''San Francisco Chronicle''. 03-04-2003. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> The group holds up to 40 events a year where the volunteers work on refuse collection, graffiti removal, removing culverts in addition to plating native vegetation and removing invasive species.<ref>[http://albany.patch.com/articles/friends-of-five-creeks-never-stops-catch-up-with-them-sunday#photo-2213253 Friends of Five Creeks Never Stops, Catch Up With Them Sunday]. ''Albany Patch''. 2011. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref name=found/> There is a monthly work party to pick weeds and showcase the area's natural habitats with a new site each month.<ref name=elc/> The organization is registered with the [[California Coastal Commission]].<ref name="cacoco"/><br />
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==Creek work==<br />
[[File:Marin Creek.jpg|thumb|right|[[Marin Creek|Village Creek]] is maintained by FFC.]]<br />
The organization organizes more than 40 work parties each year, providing direction and tools for groups of volunteers who work to restore a section of one of the creeks.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-10-05/living/17136538_1_uc-berkeley-east-bay-restore ''Environmental advocate nurtures a love for nature''] San Francisco Chronicle, October 5, 2008. Retrieved February 1, 2011]</ref><br />
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Cerrito Creek runs from the [[El Cerrito, California|El Cerrito]] [[Berkeley Hills|hills]] to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. The organization has daylighted and restored a portion of the creek along the parking lot of [[El Cerrito Plaza Shopping Center]].<ref name=elc/> Further down stream part of the creek runs through [[Pacific East Mall]]'s parking lot, where it forms the border between Richmond and [[Albany, California|Albany]].<ref name=creek>[http://museumca.org/creeks/1120-OMCerrito.html Cerrito Creek watershed map]. Museum of California. 2011. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref> This portion of the creek was daylighted and restored by the organization in 2003.<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Mn1rQJWvoTIJ:www.fivecreeks.org/info/creekmouths.doc+%22Marin+Creek%22+albany&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us&client=firefox-a Creek mouths along the Bay Trail in Berkeley, Albany, and south Richmond]. Susan Schwartz. Friends of Five Creeks. 09-03-2004. Retrieved 25-01-2011.</ref><ref name=five/> FFC president, Ron Sullivan, alleges that Pacific East Mall landscapers in Richmond have used herbicides and that this could explain his observations of dead grasses, plants and trees along the creek path near the mall's property line. Furthermore, Sullivan alleges that small native shrubs were mowed and that the mall has not agreed to a written maintenance plan as required by their use permit.<ref name=five>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2007-01-26/article/26201?headline=Garden-Variety-An-Ecological-Calamity-Below-Albany-Hill Garden Variety: An Ecological Calamity Below Albany Hill]. Ron Sullivan. ''Berkeley Daily Planet''. 26-01-2007. Retrieved 23-01-2011.</ref><br />
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In 2001 the organization received two separate grants totaling $400,000 to work on the restoration of [[Codornices Creek]].<ref>[http://www.berkeleydailyplanet.com/issue/2001-07-21/article/5968?headline=Beth-El-decision-set-for-Tuesday ''Beth El decision set for Tuesday''] Berkeley Daily Planet, July 21, 2001. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref> In the 1990s the Friends of Five Creeks discovered the reappearance of steelhead and rainbow trout at Codornices Creek while performing restoration work.<ref name=5creeks>[http://www.fivecreeks.org/creekmap.html Friends of Five Creeks]</ref> The "Friends" are also lobbying for the creation of public space adjacent to the creek for a new [[Whole Foods]] supermarket and parking structure along the stream's banks in [[U.C. Village, Albany, California|U.C. Village]].<ref>{{citation |year=2007 |title=A Re-design Proposal: Connecting Whole Foods Market and Codornices Creek |publisher=University of California |oclc=657366554 |url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3q5236vt |last1=Crampton |first1=Matthew |last2=Martin |first2=John}}</ref><br />
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The organization also helps to restore and work on some non-creek areas such as the [[Berkeley Meadow]] and [[Eastshore State Park]] in addition to blight abatement, and trash collection activities at local parks.<ref>[http://101010berkeley.org/ Berkeley Takes Action]. Global Work Party. 10-10-2011. Retrieved 31-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/eastshore_state_park.php Eastshore State Park’s Berkeley Meadow Restoration Nearing Completion]. 2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><ref>[http://calrotaract.org/?p=2643 Friends of Five Creeks]. CalRotract. 16-02-2010. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref> Working with [[Citizens for Eastshore Parks]] FCC is studying the possibility of daylighting a portion of Schoolhouse Creek.<ref>[http://www.eastshorepark.org/resource_newsletters.html Citizens for East Shore Parks (CESP) E-Newsletter]. December 2004. Retrieved 27-01-2011.</ref><br />
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==Education work==<br />
Friends of Five Creeks works with school groups to educate them about the creek and bay environments.<ref>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-11-14/news/17517928_1_alternative-schools-esp-oakland-unified-school-district ''Environment for learning / At one Oakland alternative school, lessons grounded in ecology help guide students onto the right track''], [[San Francisco Chronicle]], November 14, 2003. Retrieved February 1, 2011</ref><br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
* [http://www.fivecreeks.org/ Official website]<br />
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=albany+community+center,+ca&sll=42.67811,-73.807314&sspn=0.127967,0.31414&ie=UTF8&hq=albany+community+center,&hnear=California&ll=38.264063,-122.288818&spn=4.372761,10.05249&z=7 Google Maps]<br />
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{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Ecology}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2011}}<br />
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[[Category:Alameda County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Contra Costa County, California]]<br />
[[Category:Environmental organizations based in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:1996 establishments]]<br />
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in California]]<br />
[[Category:Albany, California]]<br />
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<br />
=Luis Posada Carriles=<br />
'so evil even the US wants him'<br />
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=Traditional western medicine=<br />
redirected but not deleted. not much there anyway. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Traditional western medicine<br />
Authenticity in art wait. little content http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Authenticity_in_art<br />
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=Grand External Propaganda Strategy=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Grand_External_Propaganda_Strategy Keep, discuss, possibly merge<br />
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'''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''', (Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€), short for (大外宣), is a Chinese government propaganda project with a budget worth RMB 45 billion Yuan(450亿元人民å¸), initiated in early 2009 by [[Hu Jintao]]. The aim of the project is "To take the first initiative, to have the first say, to be on the active side, to direct and lead public opinion, to improve the ability to propagate message internationally. (Chinese:“抢å 先机,赢得è¯è¯æƒï¼ŒæŽŒæ¡ä¸»åŠ¨æƒï¼ŒæŠ“ä½æé«˜èˆ†è®ºå¼•å¯¼èƒ½åŠ›å’Œå›½é™…ä¼ æ’能力â€)<br />
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Both [[Li Changchun]] and [[Liu Yunshan]] have stressed in different occasions that the Chinese propaganda should be equally spread both domestically and internationally, and[[Li Changchun]] stated that:"Confucius Institute is...an important part of China’s overseas propaganda set-up"(Chinese:å®å¤§çš„å°å¤–å®£å‚³æ ¼å±€)<ref>http://www.stnn.cc/china/200904/t20090427_1018499.html æ–°åŽç¤¾å¤®è§†æ£æ‹›å…µä¹°é©¬ ä¸å›½å¤§å¤–宣æå‡è½¯å®žåŠ›|星岛环çƒç½‘ www.stnn.cc2009-04-27</ref><ref>http://www.chinainperspective.org/ArtShow.aspx?AID=3822 <br />
æ开神秘的“大外宣â€è®¡åˆ’之é¢çº± 作者:何清涟</ref><ref>http://www.economist.com/node/14678507 A message from Confucius:New ways of projecting soft power:A special report on China and America|Oct 22nd 2009 </ref><br />
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==1000 Confucius Institutes to be set up by 2020==<br />
<br />
On 24/4/2009, [[Li Changchun]] made announcement that the setting up of [[Confucius Institute]] around the world is an important and integral part of the ''Grand External Propaganda Strategy''. According the [[Confucius Institute]]'s constitutions, the initial cost of setting up would be 100% paid by the Chinese government, and the subsequent 50% of the running cost would be paid by the Chinese government.<ref>http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/1/28/n2411240.htm 陶é”知: å”åå¸é™¢â€”—ä¸å…±å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€çš„é‡è¦çµ„æˆéƒ¨ä»½</ref><ref>http://www.kanzhongguo.com/node/377159 何清涟:ä¸å›½â€œå¤§å¤–宣â€çš„“本土化â€æˆ˜ç•¥ï¼š 2010-11-12 1</ref><br />
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==External link==<br />
<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://www.yzzk.com/cfm/Content_Archive.cfm?Channel=ag&Path=3188660351/05ag2.cfm èƒ¡éŒ¦æ¿¤éƒ¨ç½²å¤§å¤–å®£æ ¼å±€ã€€ï¼Žæ±Ÿè¿…]<br />
*{{zh icon}}[http://soundofhope.org/programs/1057/163638-1.asp æ–°åŽç¤¾åŠžCNC 大外宣粉墨登场 2010å¹´7月6æ—¥]<br />
*[http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2009hearings/written_testimonies/09_04_30_wrts/09_04_30_brady_statement.php Testimony of Associate-Professor Anne-Marie Brady] School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand<br />
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==Reference==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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= Afghan(istan) Justice Project=<br />
CIA front, no doubt about it. Invisible net presence and funding, at least 18 articles quote them on Wikipedia<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&search=Afghanistan+Justice+Project<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Kim Wan-seop]]=<br />
South Koreans that compare & contrast Japanese rule to current to say, how much better off are we?<br />
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<br />
=Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Consciousness_and_Experiential_Psychology<br />
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The '''Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section''' (CEP) is a section of the [[British Psychological Society]] (BPS) for those interested in the [[psychology of consciousness]] and experience. Initiated in 1994 by [[Jane Henry]], [[Max Velmans]], [[John Pickering]], [[Elizabeth Valentine]] and [[Richard Stevens]], the Section promoted and supported the reincorporation of [[consciousness studies]] into mainstream [[psychology]].<ref>www.issuu.com/thepsychologist/docs/bpsannualreview2009</ref> Official approval for CEP was announced in 1997 during the [[BPS Annual Conference]]. The Section’s mission is ‘to advance our understanding of [[consciousness]],<ref>Velmans, M. (2009) Understanding Consciousness (2nd Ed). London: Routledge/Psychology Press</ref> to bring [[scientific research]] on consciousness closer to other traditions of inquiry into the nature of mind, and to explore how this research can be used to improve the [[quality of life]]’.<ref>.www.bps.org.uk/cep</ref> As of 2010 [[Susan Stuart]] is the Section Chair. Every year in September the Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section holds its annual conference,<ref>www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/17_11-12Conference%20Report_FINAL.pdf</ref><ref>www.psylin.plymouth.ac.uk/psypag/wp.../2010/.../PsyPag-75-June-2010.pdf</ref> usually in Oxford.<br />
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== Professional association ==<br />
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The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section is one of thirteen sections of the British Psychological Society.<ref>www.bps.org.uk</ref> This section is for anyone interested in broad-based, rigorous academic exploration of consciousness and [[experience]]. The Section is an [[interest group]] comprising members of the British Psychological Society and also unaffiliated members. The Consciousness and Experiential Psychology Section was the first, and remains the only, section of a nationally representative body of professional [[psychologist]]s devoted to the study of consciousness.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically --><br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.bps.org.uk/conex/consciousness-experiential_home.cfm/ CEP]<br />
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<!--- Categories ---><br />
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[[Category:Articles created via the Article Wizard]]<br />
[[Category:Psychology organizations]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness studies]]<br />
[[Category:Learned societies of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:British professional bodies]]<br />
[[Category:Scientific societies]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness researchers and theorists]]<br />
[[Category:Epistemological theories]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of mind]]<br />
[[Category:Consciousness]]<br />
[[Category:Philosophy of science]]<br />
[[Category:Perception]]<br />
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= Abdul Ghafour (Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin leader)=<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Abdul_Ghafour_(Hezb-e-Islami_Gulbuddin_leader) deleted from Wikipedia] Little information. Have to start it from scratch.<br />
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<br />
=dead map=<br />
A '''dead map''' is a term often applied to sensitive government maps that show the location of top secret facilities and other highly sensitive installations within a country. [[Russia]] the [[United States]] and [[UK|Great Britain]] all have such maps. Many activists, conspiracy theorists etc compile their own unofficial maps, though these can often be more flights of fancy than actually related to any real locations[[Category:Map types]]<br />
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<br />
= National RTI Forum =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/National_RTI_Forum<br />
Result:Keep<br />
'''National RTI Forum ''' is a [[grassroots]] anti-[[Political corruption|corruption]] organization in [[India]] that advocates for government openness under the terms of the 2005 [[Right to Information Act]]. The organization is based in [[Lucknow]]. Several of its activists have been murdered.<br />
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<br />
= Owen Paul Honors, Jr =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Owen_Honors <br />
No Consensus defaults to Keep<br />
Could be called the cheater's way to Keep. I never feel entirely happy about a No Consensus close, even if I wanted the article. It usually turns into the cheater's way to delete, tho, by way of redirect or merge or deletion of undesirable info.<br />
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<br />
[[Wikipedia:DEL]] and Policy content such as [[WP:IDL]] that directly address the ''conduct of discussion'' should be the only standard.<br />
DEL#Reason does not limit itself to its own provisions because policy does not automatically inform editors, should an exception come up. Essays such as Fancruft are not an exception, or they would have been listed; they are based on subjective assessments. Objective reasoning, not interpretations, is the way to make arguments in AfD. That is the reasoning behind IDONTLIKE (a discussion conduct rule); editor's subjective impressions of things are not good policy. Everything outside of DEL, that does not obviously present itself as being a problem necessitating additions to DEL, is Policycruft. Fancruft is particularly insidious because it allows what would be a strength in other articles, depth of information, to be used against articles on games, films, TV series and music. It is just systemic bias turned into an essay. Political articles are deleted without as much regard to rules, based solely on the political biases of the closer and 'voters'.<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_30#List_of_female_directors<br />
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blogs Withdrawn from AfD<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:Chickamauga Indian]]=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Chickamauga_Indian<br />
survived with Keep. Nominator: Chuck Hamilton, who is actually Natty4bumpo in disguise.<br />
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* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=371135523&oldid=370676004<br />
** Natty4bumpo deletes Chic. (people) from Dab<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga_(people)&action=historysubmit&diff=371136153&oldid=371128790<br />
** Redirect of Chickamauga (people) to [[Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794)]] by Natty4bumpo<br />
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chickamauga&action=historysubmit&diff=390195501&oldid=390185341<br />
** Bkonrad deletes C. Indians from Dab<br />
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=[[Wikipedia:WikiDoc]]=<br />
wiki req medical credentials<br />
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<br />
== Int'l law redlinks on WP ==<br />
on WP:'List of European Court of Human Rights judgments'. Probably deleted. ''A. and Others v. the United Kingdom''. Very similar in name to two other ECoHR judgements, and for some reason, very little documentation online, so easy to delete. Legal term used: Derogation.<br />
:PDF of the entire text: http://www.icj.org/IMG/A_and_others_v_United_Kingdom_-_JUSTICE_intervention.pdf<br />
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== AfD ==<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Women's superiority]] userfied<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Libertarian Party UK]] redirect, still in edit history<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Nguyễn Văn Minh Tiến]] kept. the vigilante. figures. a stub about some Viet Nam vigilante for AP? A neat story about the triumph of the individual in an age that doesn't care? A triumph for communist encouragement of social involvement or an example of its excessive propaganda-fed zeal? Bit of all of em I think.<br />
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<br />
= Libertarian Party UK =<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Libertarian_Party_(United_Kingdom)&action=history Still have edit history so far<br />
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= Gitmo captives: list of articles deleted Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849) & 7 others =<br />
* [[Mohammed Nasim (Guantanamo captive 849)]]<br />
* [[Mohammed Hashim]]<br />
* [[Nasrullah (Guantanamo detainee 886)]]<br />
* [[Rahmatullah Sangaryar]]<br />
* [[Abdul Razzak Hekmati]]<br />
* [[Abdul Ghani (Guantanamo detainee 934)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Bagi (detainee)]]<br />
* [[Bismullah (Guantanamo detainee 968)]]<br />
* [[Abdul Hafiz (Guantanamo detainee)]]<br />
* [[Norullah Noori]]<br />
<br />
=Hoaxes that Wikipedia deleted, or kept, without knowing they were hoaxes =<br />
==Trevor Clark==<br />
Site link shows ''very badly'' retouched/Photoshopped photos of the Beatles http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/image_1.html<br />
Trevor's page was listed in people- fashion- and photo-related discussions, but not music-related. Nominator: "One possibly notable achivement seems to be having taken some early photographs of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones". Hmm. Maaaybe... Following Trevor in the AfD listing was [[Wikipedia:Tiddlywiki]], which received a close to Keep.<br />
<br />
<!-- Please do not remove or change this AfD message until the issue is settled --><br />
{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Trevor Clark|timestamp=20110113201042|year=2011|month=January|day=13|substed=yes}}<br />
<!-- For administrator use only: {{Old AfD multi|page=Trevor Clark|date=13 January 2011|result='''keep'''}} --><br />
<!-- End of AfD message, feel free to edit beyond this point --><br />
{{BLP unsourced|date=May 2009}}<br />
'''Trevor Clark''' began his career in [[London]] as a fashion and advertising photographer in the early 1960s. From his studio in Soho, he photographed top models of the day. Several up and coming pop groups of the [[Swinging Sixties]] who were on the edge of worldwide fame - the [[Beatles]], [[Rolling Stones]], and [[Moody Blues]] were photographed at Trevor's studio.<br />
<br />
Years later, Trevor moved to the sunny Mediterranean, to shoot permanently in exotic locations, and finally settled in [[Mallorca]], where he still lives.<br />
<br />
He has recently unearthed photographs of the Beatles and Rolling Stones from 1963 from his archive. These photos had never been seen, and Trevor is making them available as limited editions.<br />
<br />
==Michael Oren Fitzgerald==<br />
Writer, first work mentioned is a Last of the Mohicans type subject, nice WASPy name, nobody checks. Bogus links which do not mention the subject. Uncle G of course is better than some but failed to follow through.<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.trevorclark.co.uk/ Trevor Clark Web Site]<br />
<br />
i<br />
<br />
<!--{{Persondata Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. <br />
| NAME =Clark, Trevor<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clark, Trevor}}{{UK-photographer-stub}}--><br />
[[Category:Living people]][[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br />
<br />
=The Rule: The Game =<br />
And now, under "Everything's going to be all right". I prefer to think of it as the exception that proves the rule. Only the incessant popularity of The Game prevented this social phenomenon from being lost to time, for all time. Septuple jeapordy.<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(game)_(6th_nomination)<br />
and under a new name:<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/The_Game_(mind_game)<br />
<br />
<br />
=Gitmo captives & links=<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2010_December_22#Mohammed_Nasim_.28Guantanamo_captive_849.29 multiple articles in one AfD, plus another afd for a single name the same day<br />
[[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees]] [[User:Anarchangel/Sandbox/Guantanamo detainees 2]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Vladimir_Il%27ich_Lenin&diff=57671
Vladimir Il'ich Lenin
2014-12-15T16:48:00Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Lenin CL Colour.jpg|150px|right|thumb|Vladimir Lenin]]'''Vladimir Il'ich Lenin''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] '''Владимир Ильич Ленин''') (surname at [[birth]]: '''Ul'yanov''' ('''УльÑнов''')), was the leader of the October Revolution and one of the leaders of [[Bolshevik]] [[political party]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Leninism]]<br />
* [[Soviet Union]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Leninists]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Wladimir Iljitsch Uljanow]]<br />
[[es:Lenin]]<br />
[[it:Lenin]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%83%C2%A1n&diff=57646
Talk:Diego Abad de Santillán
2014-12-01T13:55:03Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 57645 by 91.207.7.202 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>==Redirect==<br />
Why is "Diego Abad de Santillán" redirects here, and not the other way around, when it's clear to all of us that this is the wrong spelling? &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|Beta_M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <sup>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup> {{{1|11:47}}}<br />
:i tryied to create with the accent name, but it failed, then i create this article and redirect from the other (with accent) to this one... but i didn't tryied again to rename to the good one name. maybe it would pass now ? [[User:Libre|Libre]] 20:43, 13 June 2006 (UTC)<br />
::i tryied back, it pass... something strange in meta... [[User:Libre|Libre]] 20:45, 13 June 2006 (UTC)</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Catherine_of_Aragon&diff=57644
Catherine of Aragon
2014-12-01T08:56:30Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 57643 by 85.210.203.59 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Monarch|royal|consort<br />
| name =Catherine of Aragon<br />
| title =Queen consort of England<br />
| image =[[Image:Catherine aragon.jpg|250px]]<br />
| caption =An official portrait of Catherine of Aragon whilst Queen consort, painted from life around 1525<br />
| consortreign =[[11 June]] [[1509]]–[[23 May]] [[1533]]<br />
| spouse =[[Arthur, Prince of Wales]] (1501-1502) <br> [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] (1509-1533)<br />
| issue =[[Henry, Duke of Cornwall|Henry]], [[Mary I of England|Mary I]]<br />
| royal house =[[Trastámara]]<br />
| othertitles =<br />
| father =[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]<br />
| mother =[[Isabella of Castile]]<br />
| date of birth =[[16 December]] [[1485]]<br />
| place of birth =<br />
| date of death =[[7 January]] [[1536]] (aged {{age|1485|12|16|1536|1|7}})<br />
| place of death =<br />
|}}<br />
{{House of Trastámara}}<br />
'''Catherine of Aragon''' ([[Spanish language|Castilian]]: '''Infanta Catalina de Aragón y Castilla'''; [[16 December]] [[1485]] &ndash; [[7 January]] [[1536]]) was the first [[Wives of Henry VIII|wife]] of [[Henry VIII of England]]. Henry tried to have their twenty-four year marriage [[Annulment|annulled]] in part because all their male heirs apparently died in childhood, with only one of their six children, [[Mary I of England|Princess Mary]] (later Queen Mary I) surviving as [[heiress presumptive]], at a time when there was no precedent for a woman on the throne. The Pope refused to allow the annulment of Henry's marriage to Catherine (primarily because he was enthralled to Catherine's nephew - the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] - who could not allow such an insult to his family), which set off a chain reaction that led to Henry's break with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and his subsequent marriage to [[Anne Boleyn]] in the hope of fathering a male heir to continue the [[Tudor dynasty]].<br />
<br />
Born in [[Alcalá de Henares]], Catherine was the youngest surviving child of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella of Castile|Isabella I of Castile]]. Her older siblings were [[Isabella of Asturias|Isabella, Princess of Asturias]]; [[John, Prince of Asturias]]; [[Joanna of Castile|Joan I of Spain]]; and [[Maria of Aragon (1482-1517)|Maria of Castile and Aragon]], [[List of Portuguese queens|Queen of Portugal]]. She was an aunt, among others, of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], [[John III of Portugal]] and their wives, [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and [[Henry I of Portugal]].<br />
<br />
She was a granddaughter of both [[John II of Castile]] and [[John II of Aragon]]. She was descended from the English royal house through her great-grandmother [[Katherine of Lancaster]] and her great-great-grandmother [[Philippa of Lancaster]], both daughters of [[John of Gaunt]]. She was thus a third cousin of her father-in-law and mother-in-law, [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and his wife [[Elizabeth of York]].<br />
<br />
==Princess of Wales==<br />
Catherine married [[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Prince Arthur]], the eldest son of [[Henry VII of England]], on [[November 14]] [[1501]]. As [[Prince of Wales]], Arthur was sent to [[Ludlow Castle]] on the borders of [[Wales]], to preside over the [[Council of Wales]], and Catherine accompanied him. A few months later, they both became ill, possibly with the [[sweating sickness]] which was sweeping the area. Catherine herself nearly died; she recovered to find herself a [[widow]]. Catherine testified that, because of the couple's youth, the marriage had not been [[consummate]]d; [[Pope Julius II]] then issued a dispensation, so that Catherine could become betrothed to Arthur's younger brother, the future Henry VIII of England. <br />
<br />
Catherine of Aragon was said to have made the road 'Aragon Road' in the village of Great Leighs, Chelmsford, and was said to have lived in the Windsor house on that road.<br />
<br />
==Queen consort of England==<br />
[[Image:Catherine_of_Aragon.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Young Catherine.]]<br />
The marriage did not take place until after Henry VIII ascended the throne in [[1509]], the marriage on [[June 11]], followed by the coronation on [[June 24]], [[1509]]. Both as Princess of Wales and as Queen, Catherine was extremely popular with the people. She governed the nation as [[Regent]] while Henry invaded France in [[1513]].<br />
<br />
Henry VIII supposedly married Catherine of Aragon at his father's dying wish and was happily-enough married to her (despite squabbles with her father over the payment of her dowry), although not faithful, for 18 years, until he became seriously worried about getting a male heir to his throne as she approached [[menopause]]. Her first child, a daughter, was [[stillborn]] in [[1510]]. [[Henry, Duke of Cornwall|Prince Henry, Duke of Cornwall]] was born in [[1511]] but died after 52 days. Catherine then had another stillbirth to a girl, followed by another short-lived son. On [[February 18]], [[1516]] at the [[Palace of Placentia]] in [[Greenwich, London]], she gave birth to a daughter named Mary (later Queen [[Mary I of England]] also known as "Bloody Mary"). Her final pregnancy ended with a stillborn girl in November 1518. A male [[heir]] was essential to Henry. The [[Tudor dynasty]] was new, and its legitimacy might still be tested. The last time a female had inherited the English throne, [[Henry I of England]]'s daughter [[Empress Matilda]] had had to fight a long [[civil war]] against those barons who denied a woman could reign in England. The disasters of civil war were still fresh in living memory from the [[Wars of the Roses]] ([[1455]] &ndash; [[1485]]).<br />
<br />
In [[1520]], Catherine's nephew [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] paid a state visit to England, and the Queen urged the policy of gaining his alliance rather than that of [[France]]. Immediately after his departure, [[May 31]], [[1520]], she accompanied the king to France on the celebrated visit to [[Francis I of France|Francis I]], remembered (from the splendors of the occasion) as the [[Field of the Cloth of Gold]]. Within two years, however, war was declared against France and the Emperor once again made welcome in England, where plans were afoot to betroth him to Henry and Catherine's daughter Princess Mary.<br />
<br />
[[Image:CatherineAragon.jpg|thumb|left|The recently-widowed young Catherine of Aragon, by [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]]'s court painter, Michael Sittow, c. 1502|150px]] <br />
At this point Catherine was not in physical condition to undergo further [[human pregnancy|pregnancies]]. Because of the lack of heirs, Henry began to believe that his marriage was cursed and sought confirmation from two verses of the biblical Book of [[Leviticus]], which said that, if a man marries his brother's wife, the couple will be childless. He chose to believe that Catherine had lied when she said her marriage to Arthur had not been consummated, therefore making their marriage wrong in the eyes of God. He therefore asked [[Pope Clement VII]] to annul his marriage in [[1527]].<br />
<br />
The Pope stalled on the issue for seven years without making a final judgement, partially because allowing an annulment would be admitting that the Church had been in error for allowing a special dispensation for marriage in the first place, and partially because he was a virtual prisoner of Catherine's nephew Charles V, who had conquered [[Rome]]. Henry separated from Catherine in July [[1531]], and married one of Catherine's former [[lady-in-waiting|ladies-in-waiting]] (and sister of his former mistress [[Lady Mary Boleyn]]), [[Anne Boleyn]] in January [[1533]]. Henry finally had [[Thomas Cranmer]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], annul the marriage himself on [[May 23]], 1533. To forestall an appeal to [[Roman Catholic Church|Rome]], which Catherine would have almost certainly won, he had Parliament pass the [[Act of Supremacy]], repudiating Papal jurisdiction in England, making the king the head of the English church, and beginning the [[English Reformation]].<br />
<br />
==Later years==<br />
Catherine refused to acknowledge the annulment and took the issue to the law, but she lost and was forced to leave [[noble court|Court]]. She was separated from her daughter (who was declared [[illegitimate]]) and was sent to live in remote castles and in humble conditions, in the hope that she would surrender to the inevitable; but she never accepted the annulment and signed her last letter, "Catherine the Queen." By this time, she was aware that Henry's marriage to Anne was turning bad, and she had not ceased to hope that he might one day return to her.<br />
<br />
Catherine died of a form of [[cancer]] at [[Kimbolton Castle]], on [[January 7]], [[1536]] and was buried in [[Peterborough Cathedral]] with the ceremony due to a [[Princess of Wales|Princess Dowager of Wales]], not a Queen. Catherine's embalmer confessed to her doctor that Catherine's heart had been black through and through, which led many of her supporters to spread the rumour that Anne Boleyn had poisoned her{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Henry did not attend the funeral, nor did he allow Princess Mary to do so.<br />
<br />
Visitors to Peterborough Cathedral can still visit Catherine's tomb, which is frequently decorated with flowers and bears the title 'Katherine the Queen.' Peterborough is twinned with Alcalá de Henares, her birthplace.<br />
<br />
== Ancestry ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+'''Catherine of Aragon's Ancestors in Three Generations'''<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="8" align="center"| '''Catherine of Aragon''', Queen of England<br />
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Father:'''<br />[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]<br />
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[John II of Aragon]]<br />
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Ferdinand I of Aragon]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Eleanor of Alburquerque]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Paternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Juana EnrÃquez]]<br />
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />Fadrique EnrÃquez, Count of Melba and Rueda<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| '''Paternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />Mariana de Córdoba<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="4" align="center"| '''Mother:'''<br />[[Isabel of Castile]]<br />
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandfather:'''<br />[[John II of Castile]]<br />
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[Henry III of Castile]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />[[Katherine of Lancaster]]<br />
|-<br />
| rowspan="2" align="center"| '''Maternal Grandmother:'''<br />[[Isabella of Portugal]]<br />
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandfather:'''<br />[[John I of Portugal]]<br />
|-<br />
| align="center"| '''Maternal Great-grandmother:'''<br />Isabella de Braganza<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Film, TV and fiction==<br />
Catherine was first portrayed on the silver screen in 1911 by Violet Vanburgh in a production of William Shakespeare's play ''Henry VIII.'' Nine years later, the German actress [[Hedwig Pauly-Winterstein]] played Catherine in the film ''Anna Boleyn.'' Later, actress [[Rosalie Crutchley]] played Catherine in ''The Sword and the Rose'' an account of [[Mary Tudor (queen consort of France)|Mary Tudor]]'s romance with the Duke of Suffolk in 1515. Crutchley later played Henry's sixth queen [[Catherine Parr]] in ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]].''<br />
<br />
[[Image:1140354406vlcsnap-11808110.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Irene Papas as Catherine of Aragon]]It was not until 1969, in [[Hal B. Wallis]]'s acclaimed movie ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' that Catherine appeared again. This time she was played by the Greek actress [[Irene Papas]]. A year later, in a 90-minute television drama produced by the [[BBC]], British actress [[Annette Crosbie]] played the most historically-accurate version of Catherine in a piece simply entitled ''Catherine of Aragon'' as part one in the channel's series ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]''. The drama began on the night Catherine arrived in England and followed through until her early marriage to Henry VIII. It re-commenced almost a decade later, with Henry's manoeuvres to get an annulment in order to marry Anne Boleyn. The play, which co-starred the Australian actor [[Keith Michell]] as Henry VIII, Dame [[Dorothy Tutin]] as Anne Boleyn and [[Patrick Troughton]] as the Duke of Norfolk, then chronicled Catherine's life until her death in January 1536. Two years later [[Claire Bloom]] played Catherine in another adaptation of Shakespeare's play.<br />
<br />
In the 1973 film ''Henry VIII and his Six Wives,'' [[Frances Cuka]] played Catherine and Keith Michell reprised his role as Henry VIII. A scene was incorporated between Frances Cuka and [[Charlotte Rampling]] (playing Anne Boleyn) to show their quiet, glacial enmity.<br />
<br />
{{Henryviiiwives}}<br />
It was not until 2001 that Catherine again appeared on the screen. This time it was in Dr. [[David Starkey]]'s documentary series on Henry's queens. She was portrayed by [[Annabelle Dowler]], with [[Julia Marsen]] as Anne Boleyn.<br />
<br />
In 2003 Catherine appeared twice on British television. In January, Spanish actress [[Yolanda Vasquez]] made a brief appearance as the character in ''The Other Boleyn Girl,'' opposite [[Jared Harris]] as Henry VIII and [[Natascha McElhone]] as [[Mary Boleyn]]. In October, the [[ITV]] 2-part television drama, ''Henry VIII'' starred [[Ray Winstone]] in the title role and [[Assumpta Serna]] as Queen Catherine. Part 1 chronicled the king's life from the birth of his [[illegitimacy|bastard]] son, [[Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset|Henry Fitzroy]] until the execution of Anne Boleyn (played by [[Helena Bonham Carter]]) in 1536. [[David Suchet]] co-starred as [[Cardinal Wolsey]]. <br />
<br />
[[Maria Doyle Kennedy]] portrayed the role in the [[2007 in television|2007]] [[Showtime]] television series ''[[The Tudors]]'' opposite [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]] as Henry. The [[2007 in film|2007]] film adaptation of the novel ''[[The Other Boleyn Girl]]'' by [[Philippa Gregory]] stars [[Ana Torrent]] as Catherine, with [[Eric Bana]] as Henry, [[Scarlett Johansson]] as Mary Boleyn and [[Natalie Portman]] as Anne Boleyn.<br />
<br />
There have also been several fictionalized versions of Catherine's story, including ''Catharine of Aragon'', by historical romance author [[Jean Plaidy]], and ''[[The Constant Princess]]'', by [[Philippa Gregory]]. Also, for younger readers, Catherine's story is told in ''Patience, Princess Catherine'' by Carolyn Meyer. Although Catherine is often portrayed in film and on stage as having possessed the stereotypical Spanish traits of having dark hair and an olive complexion, Catherine was in fact a grey or blue eyed, fair-skinned woman with reddish-blonde hair, not too unusual for northern Spaniards such as those in her father's land of Aragon. Furthermore, Catherine herself was part English, having an English great-grandmother on her mother's side.<br />
<br />
==Historiography==<br />
{{Original research|section|date=March 2007}}<br />
[[Image:Catherine_of_Aragon_by_artist_unknown.jpg|thumb|250px|Catherine of Aragon, posthumously portrayed by an unknown artist.]]<br />
For centuries, Catherine was revered by many as a saint-like figure. She became a symbolic representation of the wronged woman and was presented in an extremely favourable light. <br />
<br />
This view was first challenged in 1860 by historian [[G. A. Bergenroth]]. He had seen the Spanish royal archives, and believed that the universal praise of Catherine of Aragon needed "to be less." [[Joanna Denny]] also takes a firmer line with Catherine than historians of previous, criticising Catherine savagely in her 2004 biography of Anne Boleyn. Catherine is described by Denny as "arrogant, stubborn, even bloody-minded." <br />
<br />
Nevertheless, Catherine still has her ardent admirers (chief amongst them is the historian [[Alison Weir]], author of ''The Six Wives of Henry VIII'' and ''Henry VIII: King and Court'', who makes no mention of Bergenroth's findings), and the revisionists were greeted with derision by them. In response to criticism of his portrait in his book ''Six Wives'', David Starkey insisted that he had meant no disrespect, and he argued that Catherine would have been both naïve and foolish to try to survive in the 1500s without employing espionage and political subterfuge. He believed that these tactics were a tribute to Catherine's intelligence. <br />
<br />
Even so, those who see Catherine as a saint were outraged. The blame for Catherine's maltreatment has always been attributed to her successor, Anne Boleyn. Now a new generation of historians seem to be suggesting that neither Catherine nor Anne was at fault; they both simply reacted to circumstances, and Catherine would have done the same to Anne if she had had the opportunity. Another assessment, advanced by several authors, including the American feminist [[Karen Lindsey]], is that the true culprit for Catherine's misery in her final years was her husband, Henry. It was simply convenient for his contemporaries to blame Catherine's exile upon Anne, instead. Historians today are trying to construct a more balanced portrait of all six of Henry's queens, including his first.<br />
<br />
{{Princesses of Wales}}<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession box | before = [[Elizabeth of York]] | title = [[Royal Consorts of the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England|Queen Consort of England]] | years = [[11 June]], [[1509]]–[[23 May]], [[1533]]| after = [[Anne Boleyn]]}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/ tudorhistory.org] - A good overview of Catherine's life, accompanied by an excellent portrait gallery<br />
*[http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/aragon.html englishhistory.net] - An in-depth look at Catherine's life and times<br />
*[http://tudorhistory.org/humor/ tudorhistory.org] - ''Tales from the Tudor Rose Bar'': a humorous look at the Tudor Royal Family<br />
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php?Cat=0&Number=365164 A geo-biography] of the Six Wives of Henry the VIII on Google Earth<br />
*[http://mehallowk.bravehost.com/catherinearagon.html A short biography on Catherine]<br />
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/monarchy/story/0,,1930761,00.html Guardian unlimited], letter from her to [[Pope Clement VII]]<br />
<br />
{{Persondata<br />
|NAME=Catherine of Aragon<br />
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Catalina de Aragón<br />
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Queen Consort]] of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]<br />
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[December 16]], [[1485]]<br />
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Alcalá de Henares]], [[Aragon]] (now [[Spain]])<br />
|DATE OF DEATH=[[January 7]], [[1536]]<br />
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire|Kimbolton]], [[England]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{wikipedia|Catherine of Aragon}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Princesses]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:what_anarchism_is_not&diff=57623
Talk:what anarchism is not
2014-11-10T08:58:56Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 57622 by 91.200.13.5 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>the whole articles pretty immature, and the name sounds simple. How about Faux, or for something less pretentious. Any ideas? [[User:lockeownzj00|lockeownzj00]] 20:50, 12 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
:OK. If you move this page, this page would become a redirect. --[[User:millosh|millosh]] 21:10, 12 May 2005 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:I've made the article a bit more mature, removing the word "shit" since it doesn't mean anything, clarifying in some sections, restructuring the article so it makes a bit more sense. I agree that "fake anarchists" isn't the greatest title for the article, as it sounds a bit elitist. I can't really think of a better title though. How about something like "what anarchism is not"? People may not think to search for an article titled "what anarchism is not" but we can have a few redirects to make it easier to access. [[User:Olive|Olive]] 07:33, 17 Mar 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
:Well, how about "varieties of anarchism." It's clear that the author considers there to be many kinds of anarchism that are fake. Although this kind of prescriptivism has it's place, it seems a more open-minded, descriptivist approach would be more in the spirit of both epistemologial anarchism and conventional academic protocol. If libertarians call themselves "anarchists," why not include them under an article called "Varieties of Anarchism." If, on the other hand, they don't call themselves anarchists but are called this by others, "What Anarchism is Not" would work better. [[User:Interlingua|Interlingua]] 17:24, 11 May 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
::Anarchism is libertarian by definition, but I agree that not all libertarians self-identify or can be can be considered anarchists, and this could be reflected in the article. (here I am using "libertarian" to mean "pro-liberty" or "anti-authoritarian").<br />
::Calling oneself anarchist is not sufficient to be recognized as such by others. A similar problem happens in those states that call themselves "democratic republic" or "people's republic", when in fact they are run by dictators or oligarchies who disallow or disregard popular vote. These states do not define what democracy is. ~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 21:26, 11 May 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
== I agree with this ==<br />
<br />
i'm only 13 and I already know about this.<br />
the average person has no idea what anarchy is about. people who think it's about killing people and post it on a website don't understand it. I can make a bomb, hack, and pick locks but, i use them for good. I think as anarchism as a philosiphy, not a way for people to make money and get attention. but, i have to tell mysef what my mom tells me "the world is made of mostly stupid people".<br />
<br />
:Unless you live in a totalitarian country I doubt you can find any "good" use for a bomb, except for controlled demolitions and mining. Terrorism and crimes in general can be used by governments to justify the establishment of [[police state]]s, which is certainly not a thing anarchists want. ~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 08:04, 2 June 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
Dude, you destroyed our awesome "What Anarchism is Not" page! What's wrong with you? From your friends at the Morrowind Freebooters, CS.<br />
<br />
:Sorry friends, I moved the article to [[Anarchism is Not Cool]]. There was already an article named "what anarchism is not", and I think the new title is more appropriate for a parody article. This is just my opinion though, feel free to choose a different title. ~[[User:Rev 22|''Rev 22'']] 20:09, 24 July 2006 (UTC)<br />
<br />
==Christian Anarchism==<br />
<br />
Do you think christian anarchism can really be considered as real anarchism? (after all, if anarchists have always been against capitalism, they also have almost always been against religion)<br />
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:Of course [[Christian anarchism]] is [[anarchism]], if you actually look carefully into their philosophy you will see that there are no contradictions there. [[William Blake]], [[Leo Tolstoy]] and many other anarchists were all Christian anarchists. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|Beta_M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <sup>[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup> [[2006]] [[September 23]] 12:39 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
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::Though it must be said that Tolstoy never openly credited himself as being an Anarchist.--[[User:RoyceChristian|RoyceChristian]] 11:17, 30 December 2007 (UTC)<br />
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:::Well, if religious people can't be anarchists we're probably in big trouble. I mean, if all religious people were steadfastly opposed to a woman's choice as to whether to have a baby or not once she conceived (for example), we'd still be pretty backward as a society.--[[User:KropotkinInBlack|KropotkinInBlack]] 6:28 PM EST Jan 15 2008<br />
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==Mises Institute==<br />
<br />
I wish challenge the deletion of the mises institute from the list of Anarcho-Capitalist websites. Ludwig Von Mises contributed to Austrian economics, a economic theory that has been somewhat adopted and used by Anarcho-Capitalists. It stands to reason that the Mises institute could provide a source for economic theories central to Anarcho-Capitalism.--[[User:121.220.149.129|121.220.149.129]] 04:12, 31 December 2007 (UTC)<br />
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:Then it might be relevant to [[anarcho-capitalism]] but to list on this page all the sites which might be relevant to ancap, just because it those theories might have been mentioned here will make this a link farm &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2007]] [[December 31]] 10:18 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub><br />
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:: You are right, I agree.--[[User:RoyceChristian|RoyceChristian]] 05:15, 1 January 2008 (UTC)<br />
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:::This is not a pro-capitalist wiki. This is an anti-capitalist wiki that opposes capitalism on the basis of individualism and egoism from a working-class perspective. We will not be tricked into taking the authoritarian leninist argument for socialism - as our socialism is libertarian, and we do not accept the capitalist (which is in itself authoritarian) definition of individualism. While capitalists may have managed to take over and distort various areas of the Internet and erase the working class history of anarchism and replace it with a bunch of men in business suits sitting on piles of gold, money, and relying on the gun and the police baton to defend it, thats not what this place is about. Capitalist propaganda is really out of place here. -[[User:151.204.254.237|User:151.204.254.237]] (Jan 9, 2008 (Switching identity to user "KropotkinInBlack")<br />
:::: There's a great difference between propagating something and simply not attacking it. [[User:Zazaban|Zazaban]] 03:33, 10 January 2008 (UTC)<br />
::::: Supporting something in a forum that undermines the forum itself doesnt make any sense. People still have freedom of choice as to whether they will contribute to their own domination or not.. or do we no longer have that? [[User:KropotkinInBlack|KropotkinInBlack]]10:48 AM EST Jan 15 2008<br />
:::::: I don't see how a neutral description of something undermines anything. This isn't a political battleground. It's a wiki. Nobody's trying to destroy anarchism from the inside, at least nobody here.[[User:Zazaban|Zazaban]] 20:58, 15 January 2008 (UTC)<br />
::::::: I'm going to stop doing this, because It's obviously really not a good way for me to deal with this, and it's making me feel really uncomfortable. I left more text about it in Talk:anarcho-capitalism. If someone would write something more balanced in this area and the other, I would really appreciate it.[[User:KropotkinInBlack|KropotkinInBlack]] 6:23 PM EST Jan 15 2008<br />
<br />
== Broken links ==<br />
<br />
'''American Revolutionary Vanguard''' is the only link that works<br />
<br />
National-anarchist links me to a typosquatting page<br />
<br />
Overthrow.com leads me to this notice: {{Q|You have reached '''OVERTHROW.COM'''<br />
<br />
The hosting company for this site was hacked last week, taking all sites off-line.<br />
<br />
The site is now re-allocated to our server and the site owner can re-upload his material immediately.<br />
<br />
We apologize for this trouble.}}<br />
<br />
Terra Firma takes me to my isp's 404 page --Elassint 00:14, 16 January 2008 (UTC)<br />
<br />
: These links need to be removed anyhow. This page is specifically states what anarchism is '''not''' rather than providing resources to anti-anarchists. &nbsp;~&nbsp;[[User:Beta_M|User:]][[Buddhism|B]][[ethics|e]][[Taoism|t]][[anarchism|a]][[postmodernism|_]][[metaphysics|M]] (VolodyA!&nbsp;V&nbsp;Anarhist) <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><sup>[{{fullurl:User_talk:Beta_M|action=edit&section=new}} Talk]</sup></span> [[2008]] [[January 20]] 15:40 <sub>([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]])</sub></div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon&diff=57620
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2014-11-08T09:16:37Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 57612 by 85.210.200.113 (Talk)</p>
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<div>[[Image:Proudhon2.jpg|right]]<br />
'''Pierre-Joseph Proudhon''' (pronounced [ˈpruËd É’n] in [[British English|BrE]], [pÊu dɔ̃] in [[French language|French]]) ([[15 January]], [[1809]] – [[19 January]], [[1865]]) was a [[French people|French]] [[economist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] philosopher who was the first individual to call himself an "[[anarchism|anarchist]]" and is considered among the first [[Anarchism|anarchist]] thinkers. He was a workingman, a printer, who taught himself to read Latin so as to print books in that language well. Proudhon is most famous for his assertion of "[[Property is theft!]]", in his missive ''[[What is Property?|What is Property? Or, an Inquiry into the Principle of Right of Government]]'' with the original title: ''Qu'est-ce que la propriété? Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement'', which was his first major work, published in 1840.<br />
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The publication of "''What is Property?''" attracted the attention of the French authorities, and also of [[Karl Marx]] who started up a correspondence with Proudhon. The two men influenced each other; they met in Paris when Marx was exiled there. Their friendship ended completely when Marx wrote a response to Proudhon's ''[[The Philosophy of Poverty]]'' entitled ''[[The Poverty of Philosophy]]''. Their dispute was one of the origins to the split between the anarchists and the [[Marxists]] in the [[International Working Men's Association]]. There was also a split between the anarchists of [[Mikhail Bakunin]] and Proudhon. Proudhon believed that collective ownership was undesirable and that [[social revolution]] could be achieved in a peaceful manner.<br />
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In his book ''The Confessions of a Revolutionary'', Proudhon wrote among other things, the well known phrase, ''anarchy is order''. He attempted to create a [[national bank]] that gave out interest-free loans, similar in some respects to today's [[credit union]]s (though the latter charge interest, it is generally lower than that of for-profit banks).<br />
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==Biography==<br />
===Early Years===<br />
Proudhon was born at born in [[Besançon]], his father being a brewers [[cooper (profession)|cooper]]. As a boy, he herded cows and followed other simple pursuits of a like nature. But he was not entirely self-educated; at sixteen Proudhon entered the college of his native place, though his family was so poor that he could not procure the necessary books, and had to borrow them from his mates in order to copy the lessons. At nineteen he became a working compositor; afterwards he rose to be a corrector for the press, reading proofs of [[ecclesiastical]] works, and thereby acquiring a very competent knowledge of theology. In this way also he came to learn Hebrew, and to compare it with [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]] and [[French language|French]]; and it was the first proof of his intellectual audacity that on the strength of this he wrote an ''Essai de grammaire génerale''. As Proudhon knew nothing whatever of the true principles of [[philology]], his treatise was of no value. In [[1838]] he obtained the pension [[Suard]], a [[bursary]] of 1500 francs a year for three years, for the encouragement of young men of promise, which was in the gift of the [[Academy of Besancon]].<br />
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===Interest in politics===<br />
In 1839 he wrote a treatise ''L'Utilité de la célébration du dimanche'', which contained the germs of his revolutionary ideas. About this time he went to Paris, where he lived a poor, ascetic and studious life - making acquaintance, however, with the socialistic ideas which were then fomenting in the capital. In 1840 he published his first work ''Qu'est-ce que la propriété''. His famous answer to this question, ''La propriété, c'est le vol (property is theft)'', naturally did not please the academy of Besancon, and there was some talk of withdrawing his pension; but he held it for the regular period. For his third memoir on property, which took the shape of a letter to the [[Fourierist]], M. Considrant, he was tried at Besancon but was acquitted. In 1846 he published his greatest work, the ''Système des contradictions économiques ou Philosophie de la misère''. For some time Proudhon carried on a small printing establishment at Besanon, but without success; afterwards he became connected as a kind of manager with a commercial firm at Lyons. In 1847 he left this employment, and finally settled in Paris, where he was now becoming celebrated as a leader of innovation. In this year he also became a [[Freemason]].<br />
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===Proudhon and the [[Revolutions of 1848 in France|1848 Revolution]]===<br />
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Proudhon was surprised by the revolt in Paris in February 1848. He participated in the February uprising and the composition of what he termed "the first republican proclamation" of the new republic. But he had misgivings about the new government because it was pursuing political reform at the expense of the socio-economic reform, which Proudhon considered basic. <br />
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Proudhon published his own perspective for reform, ''Solution du problème social'', in which he laid out a program of mutual financial cooperation among workers. He believed this would transfer control of economic relations from capitalists and financiers to workers. The central part of his plan was the establishment of a bank to provide credit at a very low rate of interest and the issuing "exchange notes" that would circulate in lieu of money based on gold. <br />
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During the Second Republic Proudhon made his biggest impact on the public through his journalism. He was involved with four different newspapers: ''La Représentant du Peuple'' (February 1848 - August 1848); ''Le Peuple'' (September 1848 - June 1849); ''La Voix du Peuple'' (September 1849 - May 1850); ''Le Peuple de 1850'' (June 1850 - October 1850). His polemical writing style, combined with his self-perception of himself as a political outsider, produced a cynical, combative journalism appealed to many French workers, although it alienated others. he repeatedly criticised the policies of the government and promoted reformation of credit and exchange. To this end, he attempted to establish a popular bank (Bank du Peuple) early in 1849, but despite over 13,000 people signing up (mostly workers, receipts were limited falling short of 18,000FF and the whole enterprise was essentially stillborn. <br />
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Proudhon stood for the constituent assembly in April 1848, but failed to get elected, although his name appeared on the ballots in Paris, [[Lyons]], Besançon, and [[Lilles]]. However he was later successful, in the complementary elections held on June 4, and served as a deputy during the debates over the National Workshops. Proudhon was never in favour of such workshops, correctly perceiving them as basically charitable institutions which did not resolvethe problems of the economic system. He did however oppose their elimination unless some other alternative could be given to the workers who relied on them for subsistence. <br />
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He was shocked by the violence of the June Days. Visiting the barricades personally he later reflected that his presence at the [[Bastille]] at this time was "one of the most honorable acts of my life." But in general during the tumultuous events of 1848, Proudhon opposed [[insurrection]] preaching peaceful conciliation, a stance that was in accord with his lifelong stance against violence. He disapproved of the revolts and demonstrations of February, May, and June, 1848, though sympathetic to the social and psychological injustices that the insurrectionaries had been forced to endure. He argued that the forces of reaction were responsible for the tragic events.<br />
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==Political philosophy==<br />
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In his earliest works, Proudhon analyzed the nature and problems of the capitalist economy. While deeply critical of capitalism, he also objected to contemporary socialists who idolized association. In series of commentaries, from ''[[What is Property?]]'' (1840) through the posthumously-published ''Théorie de la propriété'' (''Theory of Property'', 1863-64), he declared that "property is theft", "property is impossible", "property is despotism" and "property is freedom". The apparent contradiction is resolved when it is realized that, in "property is theft", he was using the word to mean the type of property which created exploitative conditions. Specifically, he was referring to the means of production which labourers did not own themselves, and the system of [[wage labour]].<br />
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On the other hand, in asserting that property is essential for liberty, he was referring not only to the product of an individual's labor, but to the [[peasant]] or [[artisan]]s home and tools of his trade. For Proudhon, the only legitimate source of property is labor. What one produces is his property and anything beyond that is not. He can be considered a [[libertarian socialist]], since he advocated worker self-management and argued against capitalist ownership of the means of production. However, he rejected the ownership of the products of labor by society, arguing that while "property in product [...] does not carry with it property in production [...] The right to product is exclusive [...] the right to means is common" and applied this to the land ("the land is [...] a common thing") and workplaces ("all accumulated capital being social property, no one can be its exclusive proprietor"). Proudhon had many arguments against entitlement to land and capital, including reasons based on morality, economics, politics, and individual liberty. One such argument was that it enabled profit, which in turn led to social instability and war by creating cycles of debt that eventually overcame the capacity of labor to pay them off. Another was that it produced "despotism" and turned workers into wage workers subject to the authority of a boss. <br />
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In ''What Is Property?'', Proudhon wrote:<br />
<blockquote><br />
''Property, acting by exclusion and encroachment, while population was increasing, has been the life-principle and definitive cause of all revolutions. Religious wars, and wars of conquest, when they have stopped short of the extermination of races, have been only accidental disturbances, soon repaired by the mathematical progression of the life of nations. The downfall and death of societies are due to the power of accumulation possessed by property''. </blockquote><br />
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Proudhon opposed both individual and collective property, however, he later abandoned his advocacy of "possession" over "property": In ''Theory of Property'' he mantains: "Now in 1840, I catagorically rejected the notion of property...for both the group and the individual," but then states his new theory of property: "property is the greatest revolutionary force which exists, with an unequaled capacity for setting itself against authority..." and the "principal function of private property within the political system will be to act as a counterweight to the power of the State, and by so doing to insure the liberty of the individual." (''Theory of Property'' in ''Selected Writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon'' p. 136) However, he still argued against ownership of land and argued that "property" should be more equally distributed and limited in size to that actually used by individuals, families and workers associations. (''Theory of Property'' in ''Selected Writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon'' p. 129, p. 133, p. 135) He supported the right of inheritance, and defended "as one of the foundations of the family and society." (Steward Edwards, Introduction to ''Selected Writings of P.J. Proudhon'') However, he refused to extend this beyond personal possessions arguing that ''"[u]nder the law of association, transmission of wealth does not apply to the instruments of labour."'' (in Daniel Guerin (ed.), ''No Gods, No Masters'', vol. 1, p. 62).<br />
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As a consequence of his opposition to profit, wage labour, worker exploitation, ownership of land and capital, as well as to state property, Proudhon rejected both capitalism and communism. He adopted the term [[mutualism (economic theory)|mutualism]] for his brand of anarchism, which involved control of the means of production by the [[worker]]s. In his vision, self-employed artisans, [[peasants]], and cooperatives would trade their products on the market. For Proudhon, factories and other large workplaces would be run by 'labor associations' operating on directly democratic principles. The state would be abolished; instead, society would be organized by a federation of "free communes" (a [[Commune in France|commune]] is a local municipality in French). In 1863 Proudhon said, "All my economic ideas as developed over twenty-five years can be summed up in the words: agricultural-industrial federation. All my political ideas boil down to a similar formula: political federation or decentralization."<br />
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Proudhon opposed the charging of interest and rent, but did not seek to abolish them by law: "I protest that when I criticized... the complex of institutions of which property is the foundation stone, I never meant to... forbid or supress, by sovereign decree, ground rent and interest on capital. I believe that all these forms of human activity should remain free and optional for all." (''Solution of the Social Problem'', 1848-49) He considered that once workers had organised credit and labour and replaced property by possession, such forms of exploitation would disappear along with the state.<br />
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Proundhon was a revolutionary, but his revolution did not mean violent upheaval or civil war, but rather the transformation of society. This transformation was essentially moral in nature and demanded the highest ethics from those who sought change. It was monetary reform, combined with organising a credit bank and workers associations, that Proudhon proposed to use as a lever to bring about the organization of society along new lines. He did not suggest how the monetary institutions would cope with the problem of inflation and with the need for the efficient allocation of scarce resources. <br />
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He made few public criticisms of [[Karl Marx|Marx]] or [[Marxism]], because in his lifetime Marx was a relatively minor thinker; it was only after Proudhon's death that Marxism became a large movement. He did however refer to Marx as one of the "evil choleric, envious, bitter men" in an unpublished article in which he endorses the extermination of all Jews. He did also criticize authoritarian socialists of his time period. This included the state socialist [[Louis Blanc]], of which Proudhon said, "Let me say to M. Blanc: you desire neither Catholicism nor monarchy nor nobility, but you must have a God, a religion, a dictatorship, a censorship, a hierarchy, distinctions, and ranks. For my part, I deny your God, your authority, your sovereignty, your judicial State, and all your representative mystifications." It was Proudhon's book ''[[What is Property?]]'' that convinced the young Karl Marx that [[private property]] should be abolished. In one of his first works, ''The Holy Family'', Marx said, "Not only does Proudhon write in the interest of the [[proletarian]]s, he is himself a proletarian, an ouvrier. His work is a scientific manifesto of the French proletariat." Marx, however, disagreed with Proudhon's anarchism and later published vicious criticisms of Proudhon. Marx wrote ''[[The Poverty of Philosophy]]'' as a refutation of Proudhon's ''The Philosophy of Poverty''. In his socialism, Proudhon was followed by [[Mikhail Bakunin]]. After Bakunin's death, his libertarian socialism diverged into [[anarchist communism]] and [[collectivist anarchism]], with notable proponents such as [[Peter Kropotkin]] and [[Joseph Déjacque]].<br />
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==Quotes==<br />
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Proudhon's essay on ''What Is Government?'' is quite well known:<br />
<blockquote><br />
''"To be GOVERNED is to be watched, inspected, spied upon, directed, law-driven, numbered, regulated, enrolled, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, checked, estimated, valued, censured, commanded, by creatures who have neither the right nor the wisdom nor the virtue to do so. To be GOVERNED is to be at every operation, at every transaction noted, registered, counted, taxed, stamped, measured, numbered, assessed, licensed, authorized, admonished, prevented, forbidden, reformed, corrected, punished. It is, under pretext of public utility, and in the name of the general interest, to be place[d] under contribution, drilled, fleeced, exploited, monopolized, extorted from, squeezed, hoaxed, robbed; then, at the slightest resistance, the first word of complaint, to be repressed, fined, vilified, harassed, hunted down, abused, clubbed, disarmed, bound, choked, imprisoned, judged, condemned, shot, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed; and to crown all, mocked, ridiculed, derided, outraged, dishonored. That is government; that is its justice; that is its morality."'' (P.-J. Proudhon, ''General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century'', translated by John Beverly Robinson (London: Freedom Press, 1923), pp. 293-294.)<br />
</blockquote><br />
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Another famous quote was his "dialogue with a Philistine" in ''What is Property?'':<br />
<br />
:"Why, how can you ask such a question? You are a republican."<br />
:"A republican! Yes; but that word specifies nothing. Res publica; that is, the public thing. Now, whoever is interested in public affairs -- no matter under what form of government -- may call himself a republican. Even kings are republicans." <br />
:"Well! You are a democrat?"<br />
:"No."<br />
:"What! "you would have a monarchy?"<br />
:"No."<br />
:" A Constitutionalist?"<br />
:"God forbid."<br />
:"Then you are an aristocrat?"<br />
:"Not at all!"<br />
:"You want a mixed form of government?"<br />
:"Even less."<br />
:"Then what are you?"<br />
:"I am an anarchist."<br />
:"Oh! I understand you; you speak satirically. This is a hit at the government."<br />
:"By no means. I have just given you my serious and well-considered profession of faith. Although a firm friend of order, I am (in the full force of the term) an anarchist. Listen to me."<br />
<br />
<!-- ***PLEASE GIVE CITATION*** Proudhon also dabbled in explanations of women's inferiority in his 1858 essay on "Women's Equality." He remarks on their physical, intellectual and moral inferiority and offers 27 to 8 as a man-woman equality ratio.<br />
--><br />
<!--THIS IS AN INTERNATIONAL ENCYCLOPEDIA... IF YOU INSERT THIS, YOU SHOULD INSERT IN ALL OTHER LANGUAGES.... THINK TO MOVE IT TO A SEPARATE SUB-ARTICLE.<br />
==Translations==<br />
His works were first translated into English by [[Benjamin Tucker]], an advocate of [[individualist anarchism]], who promoted Proudhon's ideas in the [[United States]] and extended his theory of mutualism. His work ''General Idea of the Revolution in the 19th Century'' was translated by [[John Beverley Robinson]] in 1923 and republished by Pluto Press in 1989 with a new introduction by Robert Graham.--><br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* ''Qu'est ce que la propriété?'' (''[[What is Property?]]'', 1840) <br />
* ''Warning to Proprietors ''(1842)<br />
* ''Système des contradictions économiques ou Philosophie de la misère'' (''The System of Economic Contradictions or the Philosophy of Misery'', 1846)<br />
* ''General Idea of the Revolution in the 19th Century ''(1851)<br />
* ''Le manuel du spéculateur à la bourse'' (''The Manual of the Stock Exchange Speculator'', 1853)<br />
* ''De la justice dans la révolution et dans l'Eglise'' (''Of justice in the Revolution and the Church'', 1858)<br />
* ''La Guerre et la Paix'' (''War and Peace'', 1861)<br />
* ''Du principe Fédératif'' (''Principle of Federation'', 1863)<br />
* ''De la capacité politique des classes ouvrières'' (''Of the Political Capacity of the Working Class, 1865)<br />
* ''Théorie de la propriété'' (''Theory of Property'', 1866)<br />
* ''Théorie du mouvement constitutionnel'' (''Theory of the constitutionalist movement'', 1870)<br />
* ''Du principe de l'art'' (''The principle of art'', 1875)<br />
* ''Correspondances'' (''Correspondances'' , 1875)<br />
<br />
==Writers influenced==<br />
* [[Peter Kropotkin]]<br />
* [[Benjamin Tucker]]<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Anarchism]]<br />
* [[Co-operative]]<br />
* [[Federalism]]<br />
* [[Individualist anarchism]]<br />
* [[Mutualism]]<br />
* [[Property]]<br />
* [[Self management]]<br />
* [[Socialist economics]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
# ''This article incorporates text from the [[public domain]] [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]]''<br />
# The 7th paragraph and the last paragraph in his Political Philosophy is quoted and rephrased from this url http://www.spunk.org/texts/writers/proudhon/sp001863.html<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/proudhon/proudhonbio.html Pierre-Joseph Proudhon] at the Anarchist Archives<br />
** [http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/proudhon/grahamproudhon.html The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution] by Robert Graham<br />
* [http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/ProudhonPierre-Joseph.htm Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Page] at the Anarchist Encyclopedia (includes short timeline)<br />
* [http://www.BlackCrayon.com/people/proudhon/ BlackCrayon.com: People: Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]<br />
* e-texts of works by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon<br />
** at the [http://www.mondopolitico.com/library/ Mondo Politico on-line Library]:<br />
*** ''[http://www.mondopolitico.com/library/pjproudhon/whatisproperty/toc.htm What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government]''<br />
** at the [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/ Electronic Text Center at the University of Virginia Library]:<br />
*** ''[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/ProProp.html What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government]''<br />
*** ''[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/ProMise.html System of Economical Contradictions: or, the Philosophy of Misery]''<br />
** {{gutenberg author| id=P.-J.+Proudhon | name=Pierre-Joseph Proudhon}}<br />
*** ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/360 What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government]''<br />
*** ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/444 System of Economical Contradictions: or, the Philosophy of Misery]''<br />
* [http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:_H72tslV7hEJ:www.libertarian.co.uk/lapubs/libhe/libhe024.pdf Proudhon and Anarchism] by Larry Gambone<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071011161328/http://againstpolitics.com/market_anarchism/stirner_on_proudhon.html Stirner on Proudhon] Max Stirner criticizes Proudhon<br />
* [http://www.ohiou.edu/~chastain/ip/proudhon.htm ''Proudhon'' by K. Steven Vincent]<br />
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{{wikipedia|Pierre-Joseph Proudhon}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:People of the 1848 Revolutions|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:People|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:Notable Mutualists|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:French philosophers|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:French anarchists|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:French political writers|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:French socialists|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:Materialists|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
[[Category:Syndicalists|Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph]]<br />
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Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=ephebophilia&diff=57619
ephebophilia
2014-11-08T09:15:14Z
<p>Antispam: Undo revision 57616 by 85.210.200.113 (Talk)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Kiss Briseis Painter Louvre G278.jpeg|thumb|right|'''An Ephebe Kisses A Man'''<br />Tondo from an Attic [[Kylix (drinking cup)|kylix]], 5th c. BCE by the Briseis painter. [[Louvre]]]]<br />
<br />
'''Ephebophilia''' is a sexual attraction to post-pubescent [[adolescent]]s. It should be distinguished from attraction to pre-pubescent children (described as [[pedophilia]]). Ephebophilia sometimes erroneously is meant to include [[hebephilia]].<br />
<br />
Sexual desire that includes adolescents as well as older individuals is common among adults with many [[sexual orientation]]s;{{Fact|date=February 2007}} this is not labeled "ephebophilia" because the attraction to adolescents is not exclusive. In some cultures, such as those in which adolescent girls are routinely married to older men, it is considered normal for adults to include adolescents among their sexual interests. In these cultures an attraction to adolescents is not necessarily thought to require an [[essentialism|essentialist]] classification in terms of abnormality, deviancy or mental health, but is seen as a possibility or a taste. In certain Middle-Eastern cultures, as reflected in literature written in Turkish, Persian and Urdu, the expression of love for attractive adolescent boys is found in classical literature.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} In Urdu, for instance, it may be a metaphor for the mystic's quest for an immanent deity; a lover's desire for a woman who, being a veiled lady or a courtesan, is impossible to own; or in some cases, boys who take the place of women in gender-segregated societies (Rahman 1989). This attraction of men to adolescent males is not seen as effeminate or regarded as homosexuality, per se, but is usually considered sinful (Rahman 1988). Nonetheless, an open attraction to adolescents may still be ridiculed or disparaged as inappropriate or unhealthy; an attraction to adolescents is something one is expected to "grow out of". These cultural assumptions have come into contention with the advent of modernity and the resultant exposure to cultures with different views.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Etymology==<br />
It comes from the {{lang-el|Îφηβος}} ''([[ephebos]])'' variously defined as "one arrived at puberty", "a youth of 18 who underwent his ''[[dokimasia]]'' and was registered as a citizen (Athens)", and "arriving at man's estate"; and φιλία ''([[-phil-|-philia]])'' "love".<ref>Rahman, Tariq (1988). "Ephebophilia: the case for the use of a new word," ''Forum for Modern Language Studies'', 24(2), 126-141.</ref> Despite this classical etymology it is a term of modern coinage, having been attributed to German scientist [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] several times, often giving a date between 1906-08. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} It has been used by Dutch psychologist and pedophile activist [[Frits Bernard]] as far back as 1950<ref>http://www.nvva.nl/rijzendezon/catalogs/c00137.htm</ref>, reprinted in 1960 in the gay support magazine ''Vriendschap'' under the pseudonym Victor Servatius<ref>[http://www.ipce.info/booksreborn/bernard/publications.htm ''Selected publications of Dr. Frits Bernard - An international bibliography'']</ref>, also crediting it to Hirschfeld though giving no exact date.<ref>Dr. Victor Servatius (1960). ''Ephebophilie en wetenschap'' ("Ephebophilia and science"), [http://www.ihlia.nl/documents/pdflib/Vriendschap/1960/1960-04.pdf ''Vriendschap'', vol. 15, March 1960], pp. 35-35</ref> It has also been used by the Frenchman Felix Buffiere in 1980 and described at length by Tariq Rahman in 1988 who argues that it should be used in preference to 'homosexuality' for describing grown men's aesthetic and erotic interest in adolescent boys when classical literatures in Persian, Turkish or Urdu are under discussion.<br />
<br />
==In culture==<br />
<br />
In [[fairytales]], adolescent girls are sometimes made the object of [[limerence]] from older men. While suggesting it, this is not ephebophilia since the males do not have exclusive sexual preference for young girls. Some fairytales that are alleged to contain ephebophilia are [[Rimsky-Korsakov]]'s opera version of the [[Snow Maiden]], [[Vasilissa the Beautiful]], and [[Sadko]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} These themes are sometimes correlated with [[gerontophobia]].<br />
<br />
==Legality==<br />
While ephebophilic desire is not regulated by any statute, aspects of sexually expressed ephebophilia may be against some laws. Depending on the [[age of consent]] in a given jurisdiction, an adolescent may be capable of giving legally-recognised consent to sexual activity. If the younger partner is below that age, it is commonly criminalised as [[statutory rape]], regardless of whether the younger partner agrees to - or even initiates - the activity. Reasons given for this include:<br />
* Some adolescents are unable to understand the physical, emotional, and social consequences of sexual activity. According to the August 2006 issue of [[Scientific American]], the neurological development of late adolescents is not yet complete, leading to deficits in their higher cognitive functions including judgement, attention, and response to crisis situations. However, late adolescence also includes people over 18, since neurological development is still not complete at this age.<br />
* Adult sexual relations with adolescents can be an abuse of power, using psychological [[coercion]].<br />
* Sexual relations with adolescents can lead to [[pregnancy]] and parenthood, for which adolescents may not be prepared emotionally and/or financially.<br />
<br />
Relationships between adults and adolescents that do not include sexual activity are generally legal, assuming no other laws regarding [[child welfare]] are violated. For example, a romantic relationship with an adolescent below the age of consent is generally legal, especially when the adolescent's age is above the age at which their parents could [[marriageable age|consent to marriage]]. In other jurisdictions, this may be illegal.<br />
<br />
{{sexuality by age of attraction}}<br />
<br />
{{boywiki|Ephebophilia}}{{wikipedia|Ephebophilia}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sexuality by age of attraction]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Hakim_Bey&diff=57618
Hakim Bey
2014-11-08T09:03:58Z
<p>Antispam: /* Criticism */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Hakim_bey.jpg‎|thumb|Hakim Bey]]'''Peter Lamborn Wilson''' (b. [[New York]], [[1945]]) is an [[United States of America|American]], political writer, essayist, and poet, perhaps best known for first proposing the concept of the [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]] (TAZ), based on a historical review of [[pirate utopia]]s, some people claim he is a [[pædophile]] (see the criticism section). He sometimes writes under the name '''Hakim Bey'''. The [[pseudonym]] may or may not have been a name-of-convenience or [[:Category:Collective pseudonyms|collective pseudonym]] used by other radical writers since the [[1970]]s and is a combination of the Arabic word for 'wise man' and a last name common in the [[Moorish Science Temple]]. ''Bey'', originally a Turkic word for "chieftain," traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups. In historical accounts, many Turkish, other Turkic and Persian leaders are titled bey, beg or beigh. They are all the same word with the simple meaning of "leader." Also in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], ''Hakim'' means judge and ''Bey'' is a generic word for a gentleman (mister) generally used after a name.<br />
<br />
==Life & work==<br />
<br />
Wilson spent two years in [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]], and seven years in [[Iran]] (where he was affiliated with the [[Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy]]), leaving during the [[Iranian Revolution]]. In the [[1980s]], his ideas evolved from a kind of [[René Guénon|Guénonist]] [[Traditionalist School|neo-tradionalism]] to a synthesis of [[anarchism]] and [[situationism|Situationist]] ideas with heterodox [[Sufism]] and [[Neopaganism]], describing his ideas as "anarchist [[ontology]]" or "immediatism". In the past he has worked with the not-for-profit publishing project [[Autonomedia]], in Brooklyn, New York.<br />
<br />
In addition to his writings on anarchism and [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]s, Wilson has written essays on such diverse topics as [[Tong]] traditions, the utopian [[Charles Fourier]], the [[fascist]] [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], the connections between [[Sufism]] and ancient [[Celt]]ic culture, sacred [[pederasty]] in the [[Sufi]] tradition, technology and [[Luddism]], and [[Amanita muscaria]] use in ancient [[Ireland]].<br />
<br />
Wilson's poetic 'texts' and poems have appeared in: ''P.A.N.; Panthology'' One, Two, and Three; ''Ganymede''; ''[[Exquisite Corpse]]''; ''[[NAMBLA]] Bulletin''; the various ''Acolyte Reader'' paperbacks. Many of these poems, including the 'Sandburg' series, are collected in the as-yet unpublished ''DogStar'' volume. Currently his works can be found regularly in publications like ''[[Fifth Estate]]'' and the NYC-based ''First of the Month''.<br />
<br />
He has also published at least one novel, ''The Chronicles of Qamar: Crowstone (a sword and sorcery boy-love tale)'' (Coltsfoot Press, 1983).<br />
<br />
Wilson, especially through his [[Temporary Autonomous Zone|TAZ]] work, has often been embraced by [[Rave culture]]. Ravers have identified the experience and occasion of raves as part of the tradition of "Temporary Autonomous Zones" that Wilson outlines, particularly the "free party" or [[Teknival]] scene. Wilson has been supportive of the [[rave]] connection, while remarking in an interview, "The ravers were among my biggest readers... I wish they would rethink all this techno stuff—they didn’t get that part of my writing."<ref>[http://www.thebrooklynrail.org/spotlight/july04/wilson.html An Anarchist in the Hudson Valley] ''Brooklyn Rail'', July 2004</ref><br />
<br />
== Criticism ==<br />
<br />
Wilson is a controversial figure within the anarchist milieu. Many [[social anarchism|social anarchists]] denounce his ideas as "[[lifestyle anarchism]]", seeing his ideas as a kind of extreme [[individualist anarchism]] that is ultimately [[apolitical]]. Many [[atheist]] and [[materialist]] anarchists dislike the tendency toward [[mysticism]], [[occultism]], and [[irrationalism]] in his work.[http://libcom.org/library/socanlifean5] Many anarchists also dislike his attempts to hide his [[paedophile]] ideology within anarchist discourse <ref>[http://libcom.org/library/leaving-out-ugly-part-hakim-bey]</ref>.<br />
<br />
==Writings==<br />
<br />
*''The Winter Calligraphy of Ustad Selim, & Other Poems'' (1975) ISBN 0-903880-05-9<br />
*''Science and Technology in Islam'' (1976) (with [[Leonard Harrow]])<br />
*''Traditional Modes of Contemplation & Action'' (1977) (editor, with [[Yusuf Ibish]])<br />
*''Nasir-I Khusraw: 40 Poems from the Divan'' (1977) (translator and editor, with [[Gholam Reza Aavani]]) ISBN 0-87773-730-4<br />
*''Kings of Love: The Poetry and History of the Nimatullahi Sufi Order of Iran'' (1978) (translator and editor, with [[Nasrollah Pourjavady]])<br />
*''Angels'' (1980, 1994) ISBN 0-500-11017-4 (abridged edition: ISBN 0-500-81044-3)<br />
*''Weaver of Tales: Persian Picture Rugs'' (1980) (with [[Karl Schlamminger]])<br />
*''Loving Boys: Semiotext(e) Special'' (editor as Hakim Bey) New York: Semiotext(e), 1980<br />
*''Crowstone: The Chronicles of Qamar'' (1983) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''CHAOS: The Broadsheets of Ontological Anarchism'' (1985) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''Semiotext(e) USA'' (1987) (co-editor, with [[Jim Fleming]])<br />
*''Scandal: Essays in Islamic Heresy'' (1988) ISBN 0-936756-15-2<br />
*''The Drunken Universe: An Anthology of Persian Sufi Poetry'' (1988) (translator and editor, with Nasrollah Pourjavady) ISBN 0-933999-65-8<br />
*''Semiotext(e) SF'' (1989) (co-editor, with [[Rudy Rucker]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]])<br />
*''[[Temporary Autonomous Zone|TAZ: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism]]'' (1991) (as Hakim Bey; incorporates full text of ''CHAOS'') ISBN 0-936756-76-4, ISBN 1-57027-151-8<br />
*''Immediatism'' (1992, 1994) (as Hakim Bey; originally published as ''Radio Sermonettes'') ISBN 1-873176-42-2<br />
*''Aimless Wandering: Chuang Tzu's Chaos Linguistics'' (1993) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''Sacred Drift: Essays on the Margins of Islam'' (1993) ISBN 0-87286-275-5<br />
*''The Little Book of Angel Wisdom'' (1993, 1997) ISBN 1-85230-436-7 ISBN 1-86204-048-6<br />
*''O Tribe That Loves Boys: The Poetry of [[Abu Nuwas]]'' (1993) (translator and editor, as Hakim Bey) ISBN 90-800857-3-1<br />
*''[[Pirate utopia|Pirate Utopias]]'' (1995, 2003) ISBN 1-57027-158-5<br />
*''Millennium'' (1996) (as Hakim Bey) ISBN 1-57027-045-7<br />
*''"Shower of Stars" Dream & Book: The Initiatic Dream in Sufism and Taoism'' (1996)<br />
*''Escape from the Nineteenth Century'' (1998) ISBN 1-57027-073-2<br />
*''Wild Children'' (1998) (co-editor, with [[Dave Mandl]])<br />
*''Avant Gardening: Ecological Struggle in the City & the World'' (1999) (co-editor, with [[Bill Weinberg]]) ISBN 1-57027-092-9<br />
*''Ploughing the Clouds: The Search for Irish Soma'' (1999) ISBN 0-87286-326-3<br />
*''rain queer'' (2005) ISBN 0-9766341-1-2<br />
*''Orgies Of The Hemp Eaters'' (2004) (co-editor as Hakim Bey with Abel Zug) ISBN 1-57027-143-7<br />
*''Gothick Institutions'' (2005) ISBN 0-9770049-0-2<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Autonomedia]] <br />
*[[pirate utopia]]s<br />
*[[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]s (TAZ)<br />
*[[Reclaim the Streets]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* Many of his books and articles are available online here: [http://www.hermetic.com/bey/ The Writings of Hakim Bey]<br />
* Most of Wilson's political books are published by [http://www.autonomedia.org/ Autonomedia]<br />
* [http://www.evolutionzone.com/kulturezone/bey/index_body.html Article on EvolutionZone]<br />
* [http://www.thebrooklynrail.org/spotlight/july04/wilson.html July 2004 interview] from the Brooklyn Rail<br />
* [http://commoncontent.org/catalog/audio/speech/3700/ Audio of 1993 talk] featuring Hakim Bey<br />
* [http://libcom.org/library/socanlifean5 Mystical and Irrationalist Anarchism - Murray Bookchin] - social anarchist criticism of Hakim Bey's mysticism<br />
<br />
<br />
{{wikipedia|Peter Lamborn Wilson}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anarchists|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Postmodernists|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Political philosophers|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Underground|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:History of mystic traditions|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Occult writers|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:SubGenii|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[fr:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[hr:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[it:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[sr:Hakim Bey]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Hakim_Bey&diff=57617
Hakim Bey
2014-11-08T09:02:03Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Hakim_bey.jpg‎|thumb|Hakim Bey]]'''Peter Lamborn Wilson''' (b. [[New York]], [[1945]]) is an [[United States of America|American]], political writer, essayist, and poet, perhaps best known for first proposing the concept of the [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]] (TAZ), based on a historical review of [[pirate utopia]]s, some people claim he is a [[pædophile]] (see the criticism section). He sometimes writes under the name '''Hakim Bey'''. The [[pseudonym]] may or may not have been a name-of-convenience or [[:Category:Collective pseudonyms|collective pseudonym]] used by other radical writers since the [[1970]]s and is a combination of the Arabic word for 'wise man' and a last name common in the [[Moorish Science Temple]]. ''Bey'', originally a Turkic word for "chieftain," traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups. In historical accounts, many Turkish, other Turkic and Persian leaders are titled bey, beg or beigh. They are all the same word with the simple meaning of "leader." Also in [[Turkish language|Turkish]], ''Hakim'' means judge and ''Bey'' is a generic word for a gentleman (mister) generally used after a name.<br />
<br />
==Life & work==<br />
<br />
Wilson spent two years in [[India]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]], and seven years in [[Iran]] (where he was affiliated with the [[Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy]]), leaving during the [[Iranian Revolution]]. In the [[1980s]], his ideas evolved from a kind of [[René Guénon|Guénonist]] [[Traditionalist School|neo-tradionalism]] to a synthesis of [[anarchism]] and [[situationism|Situationist]] ideas with heterodox [[Sufism]] and [[Neopaganism]], describing his ideas as "anarchist [[ontology]]" or "immediatism". In the past he has worked with the not-for-profit publishing project [[Autonomedia]], in Brooklyn, New York.<br />
<br />
In addition to his writings on anarchism and [[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]s, Wilson has written essays on such diverse topics as [[Tong]] traditions, the utopian [[Charles Fourier]], the [[fascist]] [[Gabriele D'Annunzio]], the connections between [[Sufism]] and ancient [[Celt]]ic culture, sacred [[pederasty]] in the [[Sufi]] tradition, technology and [[Luddism]], and [[Amanita muscaria]] use in ancient [[Ireland]].<br />
<br />
Wilson's poetic 'texts' and poems have appeared in: ''P.A.N.; Panthology'' One, Two, and Three; ''Ganymede''; ''[[Exquisite Corpse]]''; ''[[NAMBLA]] Bulletin''; the various ''Acolyte Reader'' paperbacks. Many of these poems, including the 'Sandburg' series, are collected in the as-yet unpublished ''DogStar'' volume. Currently his works can be found regularly in publications like ''[[Fifth Estate]]'' and the NYC-based ''First of the Month''.<br />
<br />
He has also published at least one novel, ''The Chronicles of Qamar: Crowstone (a sword and sorcery boy-love tale)'' (Coltsfoot Press, 1983).<br />
<br />
Wilson, especially through his [[Temporary Autonomous Zone|TAZ]] work, has often been embraced by [[Rave culture]]. Ravers have identified the experience and occasion of raves as part of the tradition of "Temporary Autonomous Zones" that Wilson outlines, particularly the "free party" or [[Teknival]] scene. Wilson has been supportive of the [[rave]] connection, while remarking in an interview, "The ravers were among my biggest readers... I wish they would rethink all this techno stuff—they didn’t get that part of my writing."<ref>[http://www.thebrooklynrail.org/spotlight/july04/wilson.html An Anarchist in the Hudson Valley] ''Brooklyn Rail'', July 2004</ref><br />
<br />
== Criticism ==<br />
<br />
Wilson is a controversial figure within the anarchist milieu. Many [[social anarchism|social anarchists]] denounce his ideas as "[[lifestyle anarchism]]", seeing his ideas as a kind of extreme [[individualist anarchism]] that is ultimately [[apolitical]]. Many [[atheist]] and [[materialist]] anarchists dislike the tendency toward [[mysticism]], [[occultism]], and [[irrationalism]] in his work.[http://libcom.org/library/socanlifean5] Many anarchists also dislike his attempts to hide his [[paedophile]] ideology within anarchist discourse <ref></ref>[http://libcom.org/library/leaving-out-ugly-part-hakim-bey].<br />
<br />
==Writings==<br />
<br />
*''The Winter Calligraphy of Ustad Selim, & Other Poems'' (1975) ISBN 0-903880-05-9<br />
*''Science and Technology in Islam'' (1976) (with [[Leonard Harrow]])<br />
*''Traditional Modes of Contemplation & Action'' (1977) (editor, with [[Yusuf Ibish]])<br />
*''Nasir-I Khusraw: 40 Poems from the Divan'' (1977) (translator and editor, with [[Gholam Reza Aavani]]) ISBN 0-87773-730-4<br />
*''Kings of Love: The Poetry and History of the Nimatullahi Sufi Order of Iran'' (1978) (translator and editor, with [[Nasrollah Pourjavady]])<br />
*''Angels'' (1980, 1994) ISBN 0-500-11017-4 (abridged edition: ISBN 0-500-81044-3)<br />
*''Weaver of Tales: Persian Picture Rugs'' (1980) (with [[Karl Schlamminger]])<br />
*''Loving Boys: Semiotext(e) Special'' (editor as Hakim Bey) New York: Semiotext(e), 1980<br />
*''Crowstone: The Chronicles of Qamar'' (1983) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''CHAOS: The Broadsheets of Ontological Anarchism'' (1985) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''Semiotext(e) USA'' (1987) (co-editor, with [[Jim Fleming]])<br />
*''Scandal: Essays in Islamic Heresy'' (1988) ISBN 0-936756-15-2<br />
*''The Drunken Universe: An Anthology of Persian Sufi Poetry'' (1988) (translator and editor, with Nasrollah Pourjavady) ISBN 0-933999-65-8<br />
*''Semiotext(e) SF'' (1989) (co-editor, with [[Rudy Rucker]] and [[Robert Anton Wilson]])<br />
*''[[Temporary Autonomous Zone|TAZ: The Temporary Autonomous Zone, Ontological Anarchy, Poetic Terrorism]]'' (1991) (as Hakim Bey; incorporates full text of ''CHAOS'') ISBN 0-936756-76-4, ISBN 1-57027-151-8<br />
*''Immediatism'' (1992, 1994) (as Hakim Bey; originally published as ''Radio Sermonettes'') ISBN 1-873176-42-2<br />
*''Aimless Wandering: Chuang Tzu's Chaos Linguistics'' (1993) (as Hakim Bey)<br />
*''Sacred Drift: Essays on the Margins of Islam'' (1993) ISBN 0-87286-275-5<br />
*''The Little Book of Angel Wisdom'' (1993, 1997) ISBN 1-85230-436-7 ISBN 1-86204-048-6<br />
*''O Tribe That Loves Boys: The Poetry of [[Abu Nuwas]]'' (1993) (translator and editor, as Hakim Bey) ISBN 90-800857-3-1<br />
*''[[Pirate utopia|Pirate Utopias]]'' (1995, 2003) ISBN 1-57027-158-5<br />
*''Millennium'' (1996) (as Hakim Bey) ISBN 1-57027-045-7<br />
*''"Shower of Stars" Dream & Book: The Initiatic Dream in Sufism and Taoism'' (1996)<br />
*''Escape from the Nineteenth Century'' (1998) ISBN 1-57027-073-2<br />
*''Wild Children'' (1998) (co-editor, with [[Dave Mandl]])<br />
*''Avant Gardening: Ecological Struggle in the City & the World'' (1999) (co-editor, with [[Bill Weinberg]]) ISBN 1-57027-092-9<br />
*''Ploughing the Clouds: The Search for Irish Soma'' (1999) ISBN 0-87286-326-3<br />
*''rain queer'' (2005) ISBN 0-9766341-1-2<br />
*''Orgies Of The Hemp Eaters'' (2004) (co-editor as Hakim Bey with Abel Zug) ISBN 1-57027-143-7<br />
*''Gothick Institutions'' (2005) ISBN 0-9770049-0-2<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Autonomedia]] <br />
*[[pirate utopia]]s<br />
*[[Temporary Autonomous Zone]]s (TAZ)<br />
*[[Reclaim the Streets]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* Many of his books and articles are available online here: [http://www.hermetic.com/bey/ The Writings of Hakim Bey]<br />
* Most of Wilson's political books are published by [http://www.autonomedia.org/ Autonomedia]<br />
* [http://www.evolutionzone.com/kulturezone/bey/index_body.html Article on EvolutionZone]<br />
* [http://www.thebrooklynrail.org/spotlight/july04/wilson.html July 2004 interview] from the Brooklyn Rail<br />
* [http://commoncontent.org/catalog/audio/speech/3700/ Audio of 1993 talk] featuring Hakim Bey<br />
* [http://libcom.org/library/socanlifean5 Mystical and Irrationalist Anarchism - Murray Bookchin] - social anarchist criticism of Hakim Bey's mysticism<br />
<br />
<br />
{{wikipedia|Peter Lamborn Wilson}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Anarchists|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Postmodernists|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Political philosophers|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Underground|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:History of mystic traditions|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Occult writers|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:SubGenii|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
[[Category:Living people|Bey, Hakim]]<br />
<br />
[[de:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[fr:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[hr:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[it:Hakim Bey]]<br />
[[sr:Hakim Bey]]</div>
Antispam
http://eng.anarchopedia.org/index.php?title=Methane_clathrate&diff=57598
Methane clathrate
2014-10-28T08:43:53Z
<p>Antispam: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Burning hydrate inlay US Office Naval Research.jpg|right|frame|"Burning ice". Methane, released by heating, burns; water drips.<br><br />
Inset: clathrate structure (University of Göttingen, GZG. Abt. Kristallographie).<br><br />
Source: [[United States Geological Survey]]]]<br />
''This article contains content from Wikipedia. Current versions of the article on WP may contain information useful to the improvement of this article''<br />
<br />
'''Methane clathrate''', also called '''methane hydrate''', '''hydromethane''', '''methane ice''' or "fire ice" is a solid [[clathrate compound]] (more specifically, a [[clathrate hydrate]]) in which a large amount of [[methane]] is trapped within a [[crystal]] structure of water, forming a solid similar to [[ice]].<ref>US Geological Survey, [http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/hydrates/what.html Gas hydrate: What is it?], accessed 27 February 2010.</ref> Originally thought to occur only in the outer regions of the [[Solar System]] where temperatures are low and water ice is common, significant deposits of methane clathrate have been found under sediments on the [[ocean]] floors of [[Earth]].<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Old Gas, New Gas | author=Roald Hoffmann | journal=[[American Scientist]] | volume=94 | issue=1 | pages=16–18 | year=2006}}</ref> The worldwide amounts of methane bound in gas hydrates is conservatively estimated to total twice the amount of carbon to be found in all known fossil fuels on Earth. <ref>[http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/gas-hydrates/title.html Gas (Methane) Hydrates -- A New Frontier] , [[USGS]] fact sheet</ref><br />
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Methane clathrates are common constituents of the shallow marine [[geosphere]], and they occur both in deep [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary]] structures, and as outcrops on the ocean floor. Methane hydrates are believed to form by migration of gas from depth along [[Fault (geology)|geological faults]], followed by precipitation, or crystallization, on contact of the rising gas stream with cold sea water. Methane clathrates are also present in deep [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] [[ice core]]s, and record a history of [[atmospheric methane]] concentrations, dating to 800,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal| title=High resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present | author=Dieter Luthi, et al. | journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume=453 | pages=379–382 | year=2008 | doi=10.1038/nature06949 | pmid=18480821 | last1=Lüthi | first1=D | last2=Le Floch | first2=M | last3=Bereiter | first3=B | last4=Blunier | first4=T | last5=Barnola | first5=JM | last6=Siegenthaler | first6=U | last7=Raynaud | first7=D | last8=Jouzel | first8=J | last9=Fischer | first9=H | issue=7193}}</ref> The ice-core methane clathrate record is a primary source of data for [[global warming]] research, along with oxygen and carbon dioxide.<br />
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The average methane clathrate hydrate composition is 1 [[mole (unit)|mole]] of methane for every 5.75 moles of water, though this is dependent on how many methane molecules "fit" into the various cage structures of the water lattice. The observed density is around 0.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<ref name=Max>{{Cite book |author= Michael D. Max |title= Natural Gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments |publisher= Kluwer Academic Publishers |date= 2003 url = http://books.google.com/?id=fd8QFKwcSskC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q |isbn= 0-7923-6606-9 }}</ref> One litre of methane clathrate solid would therefore contain, on average, 168 litres of methane gas (at [[Standard temperature and pressure|STP]]).{{#tag:ref|The average methane clathrate hydrate composition is 1 [[mole (unit)|mole]] of methane for every 5.75 moles of water. The observed density is around 0.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<ref name=Max/> For one mole of methane, which has a molar mass of about 16.04&nbsp;g (see [[Methane]]), we have 5.75 moles of water, with a molar mass of about 18.02&nbsp;g (see [[Properties of water]]), so together for each mole of methane the clathrate complex has a mass of {{nowrap|16.04 g + 5.75 × 18.02 g}} = 119.65&nbsp;g. The fractional contribution of methane to the mass is then equal to {{nowrap|16.04 g / 119.65 g}} = 0.134. The density is around 0.9&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>, so one litre of methane clathrate has a mass of around 0.9&nbsp;kg, and the mass of the methane contained therein is then about {{nowrap|0.134 × 0.9 kg}} = 0.1206&nbsp;kg. At a density as a gas of 0.717&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> (at 0&nbsp;°C; see the info box at [[Methane]]), that means a volume of {{nowrap|0.1206 / 0.717 m<sup>3</sup>}} = 0.168&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup> = 168&nbsp;L.|group="nb"}}<br />
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Methane forms a '''structure I hydrate''' with two [[dodecahedron|dodecahedral]] (12 vertices, thus 12 water molecules) and six [[tetradecahedron|tetradecahedral]] (14 water molecules) water cages per unit cell. This compares with a hydration number of 20 for methane in aqueous solution.<ref name="Dec 2005">{{Cite journal| title=Direct Measure of the Hydration Number of Aqueous Methane| first=Steven F.| last= Dec| coauthors= Kristin E. Bowler, Laura L. Stadterman, Carolyn A. Koh, and E. Dendy Sloan, Jr.| journal= [[Journal of the American Chemical Society|J. Am. Chem. Soc.]]| year=2006| volume=128| issue=2| pages=414–415| doi=10.1021/ja055283f| pmid=16402820| last1=Dec| first1=SF| last2=Bowler| first2=KE| last3=Stadterman| first3=LL| last4=Koh| first4=CA| last5=Sloan Ed| first5=Jr}} Note: the number 20 is called a [[magic number (chemistry)|magic number]] equal to the number found for the amount of water molecules surrounding a [[hydronium ion]].</ref> A methane clathrate [[Magic angle spinning|MAS NMR]] spectrum recorded at 275 [[kelvin|K]] and 3.1 [[Pascal (unit)|MPa]] shows a peak for each cage type and a separate peak for [[gas phase]] methane. Recently, a '''clay-methane hydrate intercalate''' was synthesized in which a methane hydrate complex was introduced at the interlayer of a sodium-rich [[montmorillonite]] clay. The upper temperature stability of this phase is similar to that of structure I hydrate.<ref name="Guggenheim 2003">{{Cite journal| last=Guggenheim| first= S| coauthors= Koster van Groos AF| year=2003| title=New gas-hydrate phase: Synthesis and stability of clay-methane hydrate intercalate| journal=[[Geology (journal)|Geology]]| volume= 31| issue=7| pages= 653–656| doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0653:NGPSAS>2.0.CO;2}}</ref><br />
[[File:Methane Hydrate phase diagram.jpg|right|thumb|260px|Methane hydrate phase diagram. The horizontal axis shows temperature from -15 to 33 Celsius, the vertical axis shows pressure from 0 to 120,000 kilopascals (0 to 1,184 atmospheres). For example, at 4 Celsius hydrate forms above a pressure of about 50 atmospheres.]]<br />
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==Natural deposits==<br />
[[Image:Gas hydrates 1996.svg|right|thumbnail|350px|Worldwide distribution of confirmed or inferred offshore gas hydrate-bearing sediments, 1996.<br>Source: [[USGS]]]]<br />
[[Image:Gashydrat im Sediment.JPG|thumbnail|Gas hydrate-bearing sediment, from the subduction zone off Oregon]]<br />
[[Image:Gashydrat mit Struktur.jpg|thumbnail|Specific structure of a [[gas hydrate]] piece, from the subduction zone off Oregon]]<br />
Methane clathrates are restricted to the shallow [[lithosphere]] (i.e. <&nbsp;2000&nbsp;m depth). Furthermore, necessary conditions are found only either in polar continental [[sedimentary rock]]s where surface temperatures are less than 0&nbsp;°C; or in oceanic [[sediment]] at water depths greater than 300&nbsp;m where the [[water mass|bottom water]] temperature is around 2&nbsp;°C. In addition, deep lakes may host gas hydrates as well, e.g. the freshwater Lake Baikal, Siberia.<ref name="Vanneste 2001">{{Cite journal| last=Vanneste| first= M. et al.| year=2001| title= Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in [[Lake Baikal]], Siberia| journal=Marine Geology| volume=172| pages=1–21| doi= 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00117-1}}</ref> Continental deposits have been located in [[Siberia]] and [[Alaska]] in [[sandstone]] and [[siltstone]] beds at less than 800&nbsp;m depth. Oceanic deposits seem to be widespread in the [[continental shelf]] (see Fig.) and can occur within the sediments at depth or close to the [[sediment-water interface]]. They may cap even larger deposits of gaseous methane.<ref name="Kvenvolden 1995">{{Cite journal| last=Kvenvolden| first= K.| year=1995| title= A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate| journal= Organic Geochemistry| volume=23| issue=11-12| pages=997–1008| doi= 10.1016/0146-6380(96)00002-2}}</ref><br />
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===Oceanic===<br />
There are two distinct types of oceanic deposit. The most common is dominated (> 99%) by [[methane]] contained in a structure I [[clathrate]] and generally found at depth in the sediment. Here, the methane is isotopically light ([[Carbon-13|δ<sup>13</sup>C]] < -60‰) which indicates that it is derived from the microbial [[redox|reduction]] of [[carbon dioxide|CO]]<sub>2</sub>. The clathrates in these deep deposits are thought to have formed in situ from the microbially produced methane, as the δ<sup>13</sup>C values of clathrate and surrounding dissolved methane are similar.<ref name="Kvenvolden 1995"/><br />
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These deposits are located within a mid-depth zone around 300–500 m thick in the sediments (the [[Gas Hydrate Stability Zone]], or GHSZ) where they coexist with methane dissolved in the pore-waters. Above this zone methane is only present in its dissolved form at concentrations that decrease towards the sediment surface. Below it, methane is gaseous. At [[Blake Ridge]] on the Atlantic [[continental rise]], the GHSZ started at 190&nbsp;m depth and continued to 450&nbsp;m, where it reached [[phase equilibrium|equilibrium]] with the gaseous phase. Measurements indicated that methane occupied 0-9% by volume in the GHSZ, and ~12% in the gaseous zone.<ref name="Dickens 1997">{{Cite journal| last=Dickens| first= GR| coauthors= Paull CK, Wallace P| year=1997| title=Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir| journal=Nature| volume= 385| issue=6615| pages= 426–428| doi=10.1038/385426a0}}</ref><br />
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In the less common second type found near the sediment surface some samples have a higher proportion of longer-chain [[hydrocarbon]]s (<99% methane) contained in a structure II clathrate. Carbon from this type of clathrate is isotopically heavier ([[Carbon-13|δ<sup>13</sup>C]] is -29 to -57 ‰) and is thought to have migrated upwards from deep sediments, where methane was formed by thermal decomposition of [[organic matter]]. Examples of this type of deposit have been found in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and the [[Caspian Sea]].<ref name="Kvenvolden 1995"/><br />
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Some deposits have characteristics intermediate between the microbially and thermally sourced types and are considered to be formed from a mixture of the two.<br />
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The methane in gas hydrates is dominantly generated by microbial consortia degrading organic matter in low oxygen environments, with the methane itself produced by [[methanogen]]ic [[Archaea]]. Organic matter in the uppermost few centimetres of sediments is first attacked by aerobic bacteria, generating CO<sub>2</sub>, which escapes from the sediments into the [[water column]]. Below this region of aerobic activity, anaerobic processes take over, including, successively with depth, the microbial reduction of nitrite/nitrate, metal oxides, and then [[sulfates]] are reduced to [[sulfides]]. Finally, once sulfate is used up, methanogenesis becomes a dominant pathway for organic carbon [[remineralization]].<br />
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If the sedimentation rate is low (about 1&nbsp;cm/kyr), the organic carbon content is low (about 1% ), and oxygen is abundant, aerobic bacteria can use up all the organic matter in the sediments faster than oxygen is depleted, so lower-energy [[electron acceptors]] are not used. But where sedimentation rates and the organic carbon content are high, which is typically the case on continental shelves and beneath western boundary current upwelling zones, the [[pore waters]] in the sediments become [[Hypoxia (environmental)|anoxic]] at depths of only a few cm or less. In such organic-rich marine sediments, sulfate then becomes the most important terminal electron acceptor due to its high concentration in [[seawater]], although it too is depleted by a depth of centimeters to meters. Below this, methane is produced. This production of methane is a rather complicated process, requiring a highly reducing environment (Eh -350 to -450 mV) and a pH between 6 and 8, as well as a complex [[syntrophic]] consortia of different varieties of Archaea and Bacteria, although it is only Archaea that actually emit methane.<br />
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In some regions (e.g., Gulf of Mexico) methane in clathrates may be at least partially derived from thermal degradation of organic matter, dominantly in petroleum.<ref>Kvenvolden, 1998</ref> The methane in clathrates typically has a biogenic isotopic signature and highly variable δ<sup>13</sup>C (-40 to -100‰), with an approximate average of about -65 ‰ .<ref>Kvenvolden, 1993</ref><ref>Dickens et al., 1995</ref><ref name="Matsumoto 1995">{{Cite journal| last=Matsumoto| first= R.| year=1995| title=Causes of the δ<sup>13</sup>C anomalies of carbonates and a new paradigm 'Gas Hydrate Hypothesis'| journal= Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan| volume= 101| pages=902–924}}</ref> Below the zone of solid clathrates, large volumes of methane may occur as bubbles of free gas in the sediments.<ref>Dickens et al., 1997</ref><ref name="Matsumoto 1996">{{Cite journal| last=Matsumoto| first= R.| coauthors=Watanabe, Y., Satoh, M., Okada, H., Hiroki, Y., Kawasaki, M., and ODP Leg 164 Shipboard Scientific Party| year= 1996| title= Distribution and occurrence of marine gas hydrates - preliminary results of ODP Leg 164: Blake Ridge Drilling| journal= J. Geol. Soc. Japan| volume= 102| pages=932–944}}</ref><ref>[http://ethomas.web.wesleyan.edu/ees123/clathrate.htm Clathrates - little known components of the global carbon cycle<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
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The presence of clathrates at a given site can often be determined by observation of a "Bottom Simulating Reflector" (BSR), which is a seismic reflection at the sediment to clathrate stability zone interface caused by the unequal densities of normal sediments and those laced with clathrates.<br />
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====Reservoir size====<br />
The size of the oceanic methane clathrate reservoir is poorly known, and estimates of its size decreased by roughly an [[order of magnitude]] per decade since it was first recognized that clathrates could exist in the oceans during the 1960s and '70s.<ref name="Milkov 2004">{{Cite journal| last=Milkov| first= AV| year=2004| title= Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine sediments: how much is really out there?| journal=Earth-Sci Rev| volume= 66| issue=3-4| pages= 183–197| doi= 10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002}}</ref> The highest estimates (e.g. 3{{e|18}} m³)<ref name="Trofimuk 1973">{{Cite journal| last=Trofimuk| first= A. A.| coauthors= N. V. Cherskiy and V. P. Tsarev | year= 1973| trans_title= Accumulation of natural gases in zones of hydrate—formation in the hydrosphere| journal= [[Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR]] | volume=212 | pages=931–934 | language=Russian}}</ref> were based on the assumption that fully dense clathrates could litter the entire floor of the deep ocean. Improvements in our understanding of clathrate chemistry and sedimentology have revealed that hydrates only form in a narrow range of depths ([[continental shelves]]), only at some locations in the range of depths where they could occur (10-30% of the GHSZ), and typically are found at low concentrations (0.9-1.5% by volume) at sites where they do occur. Recent estimates constrained by direct sampling suggest the global inventory occupies between one and five million cubic kilometres (0.24 to 1.2 million cubic miles).<ref name="Milkov 2004"/> This estimate, corresponding to 500-2500 gigatonnes carbon (Gt&nbsp;C), is smaller than the 5000 Gt&nbsp;C estimated for all other fossil fuel reserves but substantially larger than the ~230 Gt&nbsp;C estimated for other natural gas sources.<ref name="Milkov 2004"/><ref name="USGS 2000">USGS World Energy Assessment Team, 2000. US Geological Survey world petroleum assessment 2000––description and results. USGS Digital Data Series DDS-60.</ref> The permafrost reservoir has been estimated at about 400 Gt&nbsp;C in the Arctic,<ref>MacDonald, 1990</ref> but no estimates have been made of possible Antarctic reservoirs.<br />
These are large amounts. For comparison the total carbon in the atmosphere is around 700 gigatons.<ref>[http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/nov04/feature_climate.html Geotimes — November 2004 — Methane Hydrate and Abrupt Climate Change<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
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These modern estimates are notably smaller than the 10,000 to 11,000 Gt&nbsp;C (2{{e|16}} m³) proposed<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buffett|first=Bruce|coauthors=David Archer|date=15 November 2004|title=Global inventory of methane clathrate: sensitivity to changes in the deep ocean|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=227|issue=3-4|pages=185 |url=http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~archer/reprints/buffett.2004.clathrates.pdf |quote=Preferred ... global estimate of 3<sup>18</sup> g ... Estimates of the global inventory of methane clathrate may exceed 10<sup>19</sup> g of carbon|doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2004.09.005}}</ref> by previous workers as a motivation considering clathrates as a fossil fuel resource (MacDonald 1990, Kvenvolden 1998). Lower abundances of clathrates do not rule out their economic potential, but a lower total volume and apparently low concentration at most sites<ref name="Milkov 2004"/> does suggest that only a limited percentage of clathrates deposits may provide an economically viable resource.<br />
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===Continental===<br />
Methane clathrates in continental rocks are trapped in beds of [[sandstone]] or [[siltstone]] at depths of less than 800 m. Sampling indicates they are formed from a mix of thermally and microbially derived gas from which the heavier hydrocarbons were later selectively removed. These occur in a [[Alaska]], [[Siberia]] as well as [[Northern Canada]].<br />
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In 2008, Canadian and Japanese researchers extracted a constant stream of natural gas from a test project at the Mallik gas hydrate field in the [[Mackenzie River]] delta. This was the second such drilling at Mallik: the first took place in 2002 and used heat to release methane. In the 2008 experiment, researchers were able to extract gas by lowering the pressure, without heating, requiring significantly less energy.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Brodie |last=Thomas |title=Researchers extract methane gas from under permafrost |url=http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/mar31_08ma.html |work=Northern News Services |date=2008-04-31 |accessdate=2008-06-16 }}</ref> The Mallik gas hydrate field was first discovered by [[Imperial Oil]] in 1971-1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/gashydrates/mallik2002/index_e.php |title=Geological Survey of Canada, Mallik 2002 |accessdate=2008-06-16 |work=Natural Resources Canada |date=2007-12-20 }}</ref><br />
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===Commercial use===<br />
The sedimentary methane hydrate reservoir probably contains 2–10 times the currently known reserves of conventional [[natural gas]]. This represents a potentially important future source of [[hydrocarbon]] [[fuel]]. However, in the majority of sites deposits are likely to be too dispersed for economic extraction.<ref name="Milkov 2004"/> Other problems facing commercial exploitation are detection of viable reserves; and development of the technology for extracting methane gas from the hydrate deposits. To date, there has only been one field commercially produced where some of the gas is thought to have been from methane clathrates, [[Messoyakha Gas Field]], supplying the nearby [[Russia]]n city of [[Norilsk]].<br />
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A research and development project in [[Japan]] is aiming for commercial-scale extraction by 2016.<ref>[http://www.mh21japan.gr.jp/english/mh21/02keii.html Background and organization<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In August 2006, China announced plans to spend 800 million yuan (US$100 million) over the next 10 years to study natural gas hydrates.<ref>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2006-08/25/content_674169_2.htm Agreements to boost bilateral ties<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A potentially economic reserve in the Gulf of Mexico may contain ~10<sup>10</sup> m<sup>3</sup> of gas.<ref name="Milkov 2004"/> [[Bjørn Kvamme]] and [[Arne Graue]] at the Institute for Physics and technology at the [[University of Bergen]] have developed a method for injecting CO<sub>2</sub> into hydrates and reversing the process; thereby extracting CH<sub>4</sub> by direct exchange.<ref>[http://www.vg.no/pub/vgart.hbs?artid=184534 Norske forskere bak energirevolusjon, VB nett, in Norwegian]</ref><br />
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==Hydrates in natural gas processing==<br />
===Routine operations===<br />
Methane clathrates (hydrates) are also commonly formed during natural gas production operations, when liquid water is condensed in the presence of methane at high pressure. It is known that larger hydrocarbon molecules such as ethane and propane can also form hydrates, although as the molecule length increases (butanes, pentanes), they cannot fit into the water cage structure and tend to destabilise the formation of hydrates.<br />
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Once formed, hydrates can block pipeline and processing equipment. They are generally then removed by reducing the pressure, heating them, or dissolving them by chemical means (methanol is commonly used). Care must be taken to ensure that the removal of the hydrates is carefully controlled, because of the potential for the hydrate to undergo a phase transition from the solid hydrate to release water and gaseous methane at a high rate as the pressure is reduced. The rapid release of methane gas in a closed system can result in a rapid increases in pressure.<ref name=Max/><br />
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It is generally preferable to prevent hydrates from forming or blocking equipment. This is commonly achieved by removing water, or by the addition of ethylene glycol (MEG) or methanol, which act to depress the temperature at which hydrates will form (i.e. common [[antifreeze]]). In recent years, development of other forms of hydrate inhibitors have been developed, such as Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors (which dramatically slow the rate of hydrate formation) and anti-agglomerates, which do not prevent hydrates forming, but do prevent them sticking together to block equipment.<br />
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===Effect of hydrate phase transition during deep water drilling===<br />
When drilling in oil- and gas-bearing formations submerged in deep water, the reservoir gas may flow into the well bore and form gas hydrates owing to the low temperatures and high pressures found during deep water drilling. The gas hydrates may then flow upward with drilling mud or other discharged fluids. As they rise, the pressure in the [[Annulus (oil well)|annulus]] decreases and the hydrates dissociate into gas and water. The rapid gas expansion ejects fluid from the well, reducing the pressure further, which leads to more hydrate dissociation and further fluid ejection. The resulting violent expulsion of fluid from the annulus is one potential cause or contributor to what is referred to as a "kick".<ref name=Wang>{{Cite journal |author = Zhiyuan Wang, Sun Baojiang |title= Annular multiphase flow behavior during deep water drilling and the effect of hydrate phase transition |journal= Petroleum Science |volume= 6 |pages= 57–63 |date= 2009 |doi= 10.1007/s12182-009-0010-3 |accessdate= 10 May 2010 }}</ref> (Kicks, which can cause blowouts, typically do not involve hydrates: see [[Blowout (well_drilling)#Formation_kick|Blowout: formation kick]]).<br />
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Measures which reduce the risk of hydrate formation include:<br />
* High flow-rates, which limit the time for hydrate formation in a volume of fluid, thereby reducing the kick potential.<ref name=Wang/><br />
* Careful measuring of line flow to detect incipient hydrate plugging.<ref name=Wang/><br />
* Additional care in measuring when gas production rates are low and the possibility of hydrate formation is higher than at relatively high gas flow rates.<ref name=Wang/><br />
* Monitoring of [[Casing (borehole)|well casing]] after it is "[[Shut-in (oil drilling)|shut in]]" (isolated) may indicate hydrate formation. Following "shut in", the pressure rises as gas diffuses through the reservoir to the [[bore hole]]; the rate of pressure rise will exhibit a reduced rate of increase when hydrates are forming.<ref name=Wang/><br />
* Additions of energy (e.g., the energy released by [[Casing_(borehole)#Cementing|setting cement]] used in well completion) can raise the temperature and convert hydrates to gas, producing a "kick".<br />
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===Blowout recovery===<br />
[[File:BP oil containment domes.jpg|thumb|right|Concept diagram of oil containment domes, acting as upsidedown funnels to pipe oil to surface ships. The sunken oil rig is nearby.]]<br />
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At sufficient depths, methane complexes directly with water to form methane hydrates, as was observed during the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]] in 2010. BP engineers developed and deployed a subsea oil recovery system over oil spilling from a deepwater [[oil well]] 5000 ft below [[sea level]] to capture escaping oil. This involved placing a 125 ton dome over the largest of the well leaks and piping it to a storage vessel on the surface.<ref name=WSJ0503>{{Cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100503-700843.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines |title=US Oil Spill Response Team: Plan To Deploy Dome In 6–8 Days |first=David |last=Winning |work=Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=2010-05-03 |accessdate=2010-05-05}} Dead link?</ref> This option had the potential to collect as much as 85% of the leaking oil but is previously untested at such depths.<ref name=WSJ0503/> BP deployed the system on May 7–8, when it failed due to buildup of methane clathrate inside the dome; with its low density of approximately 0.9g/cm<sup>3</sup> the methane hydrates accumulated in the dome, adding buoyancy and obstructing flow.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Giant dome fails to fix Deepwater Horizon oil disaster |date= May 10, 2010 |publisher= Nature.com |url= http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/2010/05/_giant_dome_fails_to_fix_deepw.html |accessdate= 10 May 2010}}</ref><br />
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==Methane clathrates and climate change==<br />
{{Main|Wikipedia:Clathrate gun hypothesis}}<br />
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Methane is a powerful [[greenhouse gas]]. Despite its short atmospheric [[half life]] of 7 years, methane has a [[global warming potential]] of 62 over 20 years and 21 over 100 years (IPCC, 1996; Berner and Berner, 1996; vanLoon and Duffy, 2000). The sudden release of large amounts of natural gas from methane clathrate deposits has been hypothesized as a cause of past and possibly future [[climate]] changes. Events possibly linked in this way are the [[Permian-Triassic extinction event]] and the [[Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum]].<br />
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Climate scientists such as [[James E. Hansen]] expect that methane clathrates in the permafrost regions will be released as a result of global warming, unleashing powerful feedback forces which may cause runaway climate change that cannot be controlled.<br />
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Recent research carried out in 2008 in the Siberian Arctic has shown millions of tonnes of methane being released<ref>Compare: [http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2007/paull-plfs.html Methane bubbling through seafloor creates undersea hills], [[Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute]], 5 February 2007</ref><ref>[http://westerstrand.blogspot.com/2008/09/methane-hot-topic.html Translation of a blog entry by Örjan Gustafsson, expedition research leader], 2 September 2008</ref><ref>N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach, and N. Bel’cheva (2007), [http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01071/EGU2007-J-01071.pdf?PHPSESSID=e Methane release on the Arctic East Siberian shelf], ''Geophysical Research Abstracts'', '''9''', 01071</ref><ref>N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach (2008), [http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates?,] [[European Geophysical Union|EGU]] General Assembly 2008, ''Geophysical Research Abstracts'', '''10''', EGU2008-A-01526</ref><ref>Volker Mrasek, [http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,547976,00.html A Storehouse of Greenhouse Gases Is Opening in Siberia], ''[[Der Spiegel|Spiegel International Online]]'', 17 April 2008</ref> with concentrations in some regions reaching up to 100 times above normal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/exclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html|title=Exclusive: The methane time bomb|last=Connor|first=Steve|date=September 23, 2008|publisher=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/hundreds-of-methane-plumes-discovered-941456.html|title=Hundreds of methane 'plumes' discovered|last=Connor|first=Steve|date=September 25, 2008|publisher=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=2008-10-03}}</ref><br />
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==Natural gas hydrates (NGH) vs. liquified natural gas (LNG) in transportation==<br />
Since methane clathrates are stable at a higher temperature than [[liquefied natural gas|liquefied natural gas (LNG)]] (−20 vs −162 °C), there is some interest in converting natural gas into clathrates rather than liquifying it when transporting it by [[LNG carrier|seagoing vessels]]. A significant advantage would be that the production of [[Natural gas hydrate|natural gas hydrate (NGH)]] from natural gas at the terminal would require a smaller refrigeration plant and less energy than LNG would. Offsetting this, for 100 tonnes of methane transported, 750 tonnes of methane hydrate would have to be transported; since this would require a ship of 7.5 times greater displacement, or require more ships, it is unlikely to prove economic.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
{|width=100%<br />
||<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Abiogenic petroleum origin]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Arctic methane release]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Bermuda Triangle#Methane hydrates]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Clathrate compound]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Clathrate gun hypothesis]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Clathrate hydrate]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Extinction event]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Future energy development]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Long-term effects of global warming]]<br />
||<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Mass extinction]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Ocean acidification]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Ocean anoxia]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Permian-Triassic extinction event]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Physical impacts of climate change]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Shutdown of thermohaline circulation]]<br />
* [[Wikipedia:Storegga Slide]]<br />
|}<br />
==Notes==<br />
<references group="nb" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://hydrates.mines.edu/ Center for Hydrate Research]<br />
*[http://geology.usgs.gov/connections/mms/joint_projects/methane.htm USGS Geological Research Activities with U.S. Minerals Management Service - Methane Gas Hydrates]<br />
* [http://www.ornl.gov/info/reporter/no16/methane.htm Methane Hydrates] - discusses U.S. government funding of methane hydrates research<br />
*[http://www.eee.columbia.edu/research-projects/sustainable_energy/Hydrates/index.html Sustainable energy]- Carbon Neutral Methane Energy Production from Hydrate Deposits<br />
*[http://www.gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/gashydrates/canada/pdf/natural_gas_studies_in_canada.pdf Natural gas studies in Canada]<br />
*[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/070803.html Are there deposits of methane under the sea? Will global warming release the methane to the atmosphere?]<br />
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8205864.stm Methane seeps from Arctic sea bed]<br />
*[http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/futuresupply/methanehydrates/about-hydrates/conditions.htm All About Hydrates - Necessary Conditions for Methane Hydrate Formation] U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Methane Clathrate}}<br />
[[Category:Clathrate hydrates]][[Category:Hydrocarbons]][[Category:Methane]][[Category:Natural gas]][[Category:Energy]][[Category:Global warming]][[Category:Oceanography]]<br />
[[ca:Hidrat de metà ]][[da:Metanhydrat]][[de:Methanhydrat]][[es:Hidrato de metano]][[fr:Hydrate de méthane]][[nl:Methaanhydraat]][[ja:メタンãƒã‚¤ãƒ‰ãƒ¬ãƒ¼ãƒˆ]][[pl:Klatrat metanu]][[pt:Hidrato de metano]][[ru:Газовые гидраты]][[fi:Metaaniklatraatti]][[sv:Metanhydrat]][[th:น้ำà¹à¸‚็งติดไฟ]][[uk:Газові гідрати]][[zh:甲烷氣水包åˆç‰©]]</div>
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