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''See also [[WikiLeaks leak of United States diplomatic cables]] and [[WikiLeaks leaks]] and [[WikiLeaks: List of mirror sites]]''
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''See also [[United States diplomatic cables WikiLeak]], [[WikiLeaks leaks]] and [[WikiLeaks: List of mirror sites]] and [[Category:WikiLeaks|List of WikiLeaks articles]]''
 
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| alexa = 4,629 ({{As of|2010|27|alt=November 2010}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikileaks.org# |title=wikileaks.org – Traffic Details from Alexa |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]], Inc |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
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| alexa = 4,629 (As of 27 November 2010)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/wikileaks.org# |title=wikileaks.org – Traffic Details from Alexa |publisher=[[Alexa Internet]], Inc |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref>
 
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'''WikiLeaks''' is an international [[non-profit]] [[new media|media organization]] that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous [[Journalism sourcing|news sources]] and [[news leak|leaks]]. Its website, launched in 2006, is run by The Sunshine Press.<ref name=aboutwikileaks/> Within a year of its launch, the site claimed a database that had grown to more than 1.2&nbsp;million documents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Wikileaks_has_1.2_million_documents.3F |title=Wikileaks has 1.2&nbsp;million documents? |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080216000537/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Wikileaks_has_1.2_million_documents.3F <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 February 2008}}</ref>
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'''WikiLeaks''' is an international [[non-profit]] [[new media|media organization]] that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous [[Journalism sourcing|news sources]] and [[news leak|leaks]]. Its website, launched in 2006, is run by The Sunshine Press.<ref name=aboutwikileaks>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/WikiLeaks:About |title=Wikileaks:About |publisher=WikiLeaks |date=|accessdate=3 June 2009 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080314204422/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About|archivedate=14 March 2008}}</ref> Within a year of its launch, the site claimed a database that had grown to more than 1.2&nbsp;million documents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Wikileaks_has_1.2_million_documents.3F |title=Wikileaks has 1.2&nbsp;million documents? |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080216000537/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Wikileaks_has_1.2_million_documents.3F <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 February 2008}}</ref>
  
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The organization has described itself as having been founded by Chinese dissidents, as well as journalists, mathematicians, and start-up company technologists from the [[United States]], [[Taiwan]], [[Europe]], [[Australia]], and [[South Africa]].<ref name=aboutwikileaks/> Newspaper articles and ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine{{page number|issue=7 June 2010}} describe [[Julian Assange]], an Australian Internet activist, as its director.<ref name=McGreal>McGreal, Chris. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/05/wikileaks-us-army-iraq-attack Wikileaks reveals video showing U.S. air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians], ''The Guardian'', 5 April 2010.</ref>
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The organization has described itself as having been founded by Chinese dissidents, as well as journalists, mathematicians, and start-up company technologists from the [[United States]], [[Taiwan]], [[Europe]], [[Australia]], and [[South Africa]].<ref name=aboutwikileaks/> Newspaper articles and ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine describe [[Julian Assange]], an Australian Internet activist, as its director.<ref name=McGreal>McGreal, Chris. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/05/wikileaks-us-army-iraq-attack Wikileaks reveals video showing U.S. air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians], ''The Guardian'', 5 April 2010.</ref>
  
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WikiLeaks has won a number of awards, including the 2008 [[Economist (magazine)|''Economist'' magazine]] New Media Award.<ref>[http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2008/04/winners-of-index-on-censorship-freedom-of-expression-award-announced/ Winners of Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award Announced]{{dead link|date=October 2010}} 22 April 2008</ref> In June 2009, WikiLeaks and Julian Assange won [[Amnesty International]]'s UK Media Award (in the category "New Media") for the 2008 publication of "Kenya: The Cry of Blood&nbsp;– Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances",<ref>[http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Kenya:_The_Cry_of_Blood_-_Report_on_Extra-Judicial_Killings_and_Disappearances,_Sep_2008 Kenya: The Cry of Blood&nbsp;– Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances, Sep 2008]{{dead link|date=October 2010}} WikiLeaks.</ref> a report by the [[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]] about police killings in Kenya.<ref>[http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=18227 Amnesty announces Media Awards 2009 winners] Amnesty.org.uk, 2 June 2009</ref> In May 2010, the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' listed WikiLeaks first in a ranking of "websites that could totally change the news".<ref name=5sites>{{cite news |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/money/2010/05/20/2010-05-20_5_pioneering_web_sites_that_could_totally_change_the_news.html |title=5 pioneering Web sites that could totally change the news |last=Reso |first=Paulina |date=20 May 2010 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref>
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WikiLeaks has won a number of awards, including the 2008 ''Economist'' magazine New Media Award.<ref>[http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2008/04/winners-of-index-on-censorship-freedom-of-expression-award-announced/ Winners of Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award Announced]''dead link reported'' 22 April 2008</ref> In June 2009, WikiLeaks and Julian Assange won [[Amnesty International]]'s UK Media Award (in the category "New Media") for the 2008 publication of "Kenya: The Cry of Blood&nbsp;– Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances",<ref>[http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Kenya:_The_Cry_of_Blood_-_Report_on_Extra-Judicial_Killings_and_Disappearances,_Sep_2008 Kenya: The Cry of Blood&nbsp;– Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances, Sep 2008]''dead link reported'' WikiLeaks.</ref> a report by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights about police killings in Kenya.<ref>[http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=18227 Amnesty announces Media Awards 2009 winners] Amnesty.org.uk, 2 June 2009</ref> In May 2010, the ''New York Daily News'' listed WikiLeaks first in a ranking of "websites that could totally change the news".<ref name=5sites>{{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/money/2010/05/20/2010-05-20_5_pioneering_web_sites_that_could_totally_change_the_news.html |title=5 pioneering Web sites that could totally change the news |last=Reso |first=Paulina |date=20 May 2010 |work=Daily News |accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref>
  
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In April 2010, WikiLeaks posted video from [[12 July 2007 Baghdad airstrike|a 2007 incident]] in which Iraqi civilians and journalists were killed by U.S. forces, on a website called [[Collateral murder|Collateral Murder]]. In July of the same year, WikiLeaks released [[Afghan War Diary]], a compilation of more than 76,900 documents about the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] not previously available for public review.<ref name="AssociatedPressNews">{{cite news | title=AP Interview: WikiLeaks to publish new documents | website=[[www.ap.org]] | date=8 August 2010 | url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/W/WIKILEAKS_NEW_FILES?SITE=NVLAS&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT | accessdate=8 August 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In October, the group released a package of almost 400,000 documents called the [[Iraq War Logs]] in coordination with major commercial media organisations. In November, Wikileaks began releasing [[United States diplomatic cables leak|U.S. State department diplomatic cables]].
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In April 2010, WikiLeaks posted video from [[12th July Baghdad airstrike|a 2007 incident in Baghdad]] in which Iraqi civilians and journalists were killed by U.S. forces, on a website called [[Wikipedia:Collateral murder|Collateral Murder]]. In July of the same year, WikiLeaks released [[Afghan War Diary]], a compilation of more than 76,900 documents about the [[Wikipedia:War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|War in Afghanistan]] not previously available for public review.<ref name="AssociatedPressNews">{{cite web | title=AP Interview: WikiLeaks to publish new documents | website=[[www.ap.org]] | date=8 August 2010 | url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/W/WIKILEAKS_NEW_FILES?SITE=NVLAS&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT | accessdate=8 August 2010}} ''dead link reported''</ref> In October, the group released a package of almost 400,000 documents called the [[Iraq War Logs]] in coordination with major commercial media organisations. In November, Wikileaks began releasing [[United States diplomatic cables leak|U.S. State department diplomatic cables]].
  
 
WikiLeaks was launched as a user-editable "[[Wiki|wiki]]" site and still uses [[MediaWiki]] as the [[content management system]], but has progressively moved towards a more traditional publication model, and no longer accepts either user comments or edits.
 
WikiLeaks was launched as a user-editable "[[Wiki|wiki]]" site and still uses [[MediaWiki]] as the [[content management system]], but has progressively moved towards a more traditional publication model, and no longer accepts either user comments or edits.
  
 
==History==
 
==History==
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The WikiLeaks website first appeared on the Internet in December 2006.<ref> "Reportedly spurred by the leak of the Pentagon papers, Assange unveiled WikiLeaks in December 2006" {{cite web | title=WikiLeaks' War on Secrecy: Truth's Consequences | url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2034276-3,00.html | accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref>"In December, 2006, WikiLeaks posted its first document" {{cite web | title=No Secrets | url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=8 | accessdate= 1 December 2010}}</ref> The site claims to have been "founded by Chinese dissidents, journalists, mathematicians and start-up company technologists, from the US, Taiwan, Europe, Australia and South Africa".<ref name=aboutwikileaks>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/WikiLeaks:About |title=Wikileaks:About |publisher=WikiLeaks |date= |accessdate=3 June 2009 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080314204422/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About|archivedate=14 March 2008}}</ref> The creators of WikiLeaks have not been formally identified.<ref name=NewScientist1>{{cite news |author=Paul Marks |title=How to leak a secret and not get caught |url=http://www.newscientist.com/channel/tech/mg19325865.500-how-to-leak-a-secret-and-not-get-caught.html |work=New Scientist |date=13 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref> It has been represented in public since January 2007 by [[Julian Assange]] and others. Assange describes himself as a member of WikiLeaks' advisory board.<ref name="afp07">{{cite news |author=Agence France Press |work=The Age |title=Chinese cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Technology/Chinese-cyberdissidents-launch-WikiLeaks-a-site-forwhistleblowers/2007/01/11/1168105082315.html |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=17 June 2010 | location=Melbourne}}</ref> News reports in ''[[The Australian]]'' have called Assange the "founder of WikiLeaks".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/rudd-government-blacklist-hacker-monitors-police/story-e6frg8yx-1225718288350 |title=Rudd Government blacklist hacker monitors police |work=The Australian author=Richard Guilliatt |date=30 May 2009 |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> According to Wired magazine, a volunteer said that Assange described himself in a private conversation as "the heart and soul of this organization, its founder, philosopher, spokesperson, original coder, organizer, financier, and all the rest".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/world/24assange.html|title=WikiLeaks Founder on the Run, Trailed by Notoriety}}</ref> {{As of|2009|6}}, the site had over 1,200 registered volunteers<ref name=aboutwikileaks/> and listed an advisory board comprising Assange, [[Phillip Adams]], [[Wang Dan]], C. J. Hinke, [[Ben Laurie]], Tashi Namgyal Khamsitsang, [[Xiao Qiang]], [[Chico Whitaker]] and [[Wang Youcai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLeaks:Advisory Board |url=http://wikileaks.org/wiki/WikiLeaks:Advisory_Board |publisher=WikiLeaks |accessdate=16 June 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Despite appearing on the list, when contacted by ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' magazine in 2010, Khamsitsang said that while he received an e-mail from WikiLeaks, he had never agreed to be an advisor.<ref name=motherjones2>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/wikileaks-julian-assange-iraq-video?page=2 |title=Inside WikiLeaks’ Leak Factory |publisher=Mother Jones |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
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The WikiLeaks website first appeared on the Internet in December 2006.<ref> "Reportedly spurred by the leak of the Pentagon papers, Assange unveiled WikiLeaks in December 2006" {{cite web | title=WikiLeaks' War on Secrecy: Truth's Consequences | url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2034276-3,00.html | accessdate=4 December 2010}}</ref><ref>"In December, 2006, WikiLeaks posted its first document" {{cite web | title=No Secrets | url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=8 | accessdate= 1 December 2010}}</ref> The site claims to have been "founded by Chinese dissidents, journalists, mathematicians and start-up company technologists, from the US, Taiwan, Europe, Australia and South Africa".<ref name=aboutwikileaks>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/WikiLeaks:About |title=Wikileaks:About |publisher=WikiLeaks |date= |accessdate=3 June 2009 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080314204422/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About|archivedate=14 March 2008}}</ref> The creators of WikiLeaks have not been formally identified.<ref name=NewScientist1>{{cite web |author=Paul Marks |title=How to leak a secret and not get caught |url=http://www.newscientist.com/channel/tech/mg19325865.500-how-to-leak-a-secret-and-not-get-caught.html |work=New Scientist |date=13 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref> It has been represented in public since January 2007 by [[Julian Assange]] and others. Assange describes himself as a member of WikiLeaks' advisory board.<ref name="afp07">{{cite web |author=Agence France Press |work=The Age |title=Chinese cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/Technology/Chinese-cyberdissidents-launch-WikiLeaks-a-site-forwhistleblowers/2007/01/11/1168105082315.html |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=17 June 2010 | location=Melbourne}}</ref> News reports in ''[[The Australian]]'' have called Assange the "founder of WikiLeaks".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/rudd-government-blacklist-hacker-monitors-police/story-e6frg8yx-1225718288350 |title=Rudd Government blacklist hacker monitors police |work=The Australian author=Richard Guilliatt |date=30 May 2009 |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> According to Wired magazine, a volunteer said that Assange described himself in a private conversation as "the heart and soul of this organization, its founder, philosopher, spokesperson, original coder, organizer, financier, and all the rest".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/world/24assange.html|title=WikiLeaks Founder on the Run, Trailed by Notoriety}}</ref> As of June 2009, the site had over 1,200 registered volunteers<ref name=aboutwikileaks/> and listed an advisory board comprising Assange, [[Phillip Adams]], [[Wang Dan]], C. J. Hinke, [[Ben Laurie]], Tashi Namgyal Khamsitsang, [[Xiao Qiang]], [[Chico Whitaker]] and [[Wang Youcai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=WikiLeaks:Advisory Board |url=http://wikileaks.org/wiki/WikiLeaks:Advisory_Board |publisher=WikiLeaks |accessdate=16 June 2010}} ''dead link reported''</ref> Despite appearing on the list, when contacted by ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' magazine in 2010, Khamsitsang said that while he received an e-mail from WikiLeaks, he had never agreed to be an advisor.<ref name=motherjones2>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/wikileaks-julian-assange-iraq-video?page=2 |title=Inside WikiLeaks’ Leak Factory |publisher=Mother Jones |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
  
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WikiLeaks states that its "primary interest is in exposing oppressive regimes in Asia, the former Soviet bloc, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, but we also expect to be of assistance to people of all regions who wish to reveal unethical behavior in their governments and corporations."<ref name=aboutwikileaks/><ref>{{cite news |author=|title=Cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=60857 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070221224039/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=60857 |work=South China Morning Post |archivedate=12 February 2007 |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref>
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WikiLeaks states that its "primary interest is in exposing oppressive regimes in Asia, the former Soviet bloc, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, but we also expect to be of assistance to people of all regions who wish to reveal unethical behavior in their governments and corporations."<ref name=aboutwikileaks/><ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Cyber-dissidents launch WikiLeaks, a site for whistleblowers |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=60857 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070221224039/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article-eastasia.asp?parentid=60857 |work=South China Morning Post |archivedate=12 February 2007 |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref>
  
 
In January 2007, the website stated that it had over 1.2&nbsp;million leaked documents that it was preparing to publish.<ref name=NowPublic1>{{cite web |author=Kearny |title=Wikileaks and Untraceable Document Disclosure |url=http://www.nowpublic.com/wikileaks_and_untraceable_document_disclosure |work=Now Public News |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927224330/http://www.nowpublic.com/wikileaks_and_untraceable_document_disclosure <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 September 2007}}, ''Wikileaks''.</ref> An article in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' said
 
In January 2007, the website stated that it had over 1.2&nbsp;million leaked documents that it was preparing to publish.<ref name=NowPublic1>{{cite web |author=Kearny |title=Wikileaks and Untraceable Document Disclosure |url=http://www.nowpublic.com/wikileaks_and_untraceable_document_disclosure |work=Now Public News |date=11 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927224330/http://www.nowpublic.com/wikileaks_and_untraceable_document_disclosure <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 September 2007}}, ''Wikileaks''.</ref> An article in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' said
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<blockquote>One of the WikiLeaks activists owned a server that was being used as a node for the [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor network]]. Millions of secret transmissions passed through it. The activist noticed that hackers from China were using the network to gather foreign governments’ information, and began to record this traffic. Only a small fraction has ever been posted on WikiLeaks, but the initial tranche served as the site’s foundation, and Assange was able to say, "[w]e have received over one million documents from thirteen countries."<ref name="Khatchdourian">{{cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?printable=true|title=WikiLeaks and Julian Paul Assange|work=The New Yorker |accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tranche#Noun |title=Wiktionary definition of tranche |publisher=En.wiktionary.org |date=13 October 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref></blockquote> Assange responded to the suggestion that eavesdropping on Chinese hackers played a crucial part in the early days of WikiLeaks by saying "the imputation is incorrect. The facts concern a 2006 investigation into Chinese espionage one of our contacts were involved in. Somewhere between none and handful of those documents were ever released on WikiLeaks. Non-government targets of the Chinese espionage, such as Tibetan associations were informed (by us)".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/02/wikileaks_tor_snooping_denial/|title=Wikileaks denies Tor hacker eavesdropping gave site its starte|work=[[The Register]]|accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> The group has subsequently released a number of other significant documents which have become front-page news items, ranging from documentation of equipment expenditures and holdings in the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan war]] to corruption in Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |author=|title=Wikileaks Releases Secret Report on Military Equipment |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/62236 |work=The New York Sun |date=9 September 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref>
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<blockquote>One of the WikiLeaks activists owned a server that was being used as a node for the [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor network]]. Millions of secret transmissions passed through it. The activist noticed that hackers from China were using the network to gather foreign governments’ information, and began to record this traffic. Only a small fraction has ever been posted on WikiLeaks, but the initial tranche served as the site’s foundation, and Assange was able to say, "[w]e have received over one million documents from thirteen countries."<ref name="Khatchdourian">{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?printable=true|title=WikiLeaks and Julian Paul Assange|work=The New Yorker |accessdate=8 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tranche#Noun |title=Wiktionary definition of tranche |publisher=En.wiktionary.org |date=13 October 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref></blockquote> Assange responded to the suggestion that eavesdropping on Chinese hackers played a crucial part in the early days of WikiLeaks by saying "the imputation is incorrect. The facts concern a 2006 investigation into Chinese espionage one of our contacts were involved in. Somewhere between none and handful of those documents were ever released on WikiLeaks. Non-government targets of the Chinese espionage, such as Tibetan associations were informed (by us)".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/06/02/wikileaks_tor_snooping_denial/|title=Wikileaks denies Tor hacker eavesdropping gave site its starte|work=[[The Register]]|accessdate=10 July 2010}}</ref> The group has subsequently released a number of other significant documents which have become front-page news items, ranging from documentation of equipment expenditures and holdings in the [[Wikipedia:War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan war]] to corruption in Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |author=|title=Wikileaks Releases Secret Report on Military Equipment |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/62236 |work=The New York Sun |date=9 September 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}}</ref>
  
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The organization's stated goal is to ensure that [[whistleblower]]s and journalists are not jailed for emailing sensitive or classified documents, as happened to Chinese journalist [[Shi Tao]], who was sentenced to 10 years in 2005 after publicising an email from Chinese officials about the anniversary of the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]].<ref name=Scenta-coUK1>{{cite news |author=|title=Leak secrets trouble free |url=http://www.scenta.co.uk/scenta/news.cfm?cit_id=1432293&FAArea1=widgets.content_view_1 |work=Scenta |date=15 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071127164824/http://www.scenta.co.uk/scenta/news.cfm?cit_id=1432293&FAArea1=widgets.content_view_1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 November 2007}}</ref>
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The organization's stated goal is to ensure that [[whistleblower]]s and journalists are not jailed for emailing sensitive or classified documents, as happened to Chinese journalist [[Shi Tao]], who was sentenced to 10 years in 2005 after publicising an email from Chinese officials about the anniversary of the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]].<ref name=Scenta-coUK1>{{cite web |author=|title=Leak secrets trouble free |url=http://www.scenta.co.uk/scenta/news.cfm?cit_id=1432293&FAArea1=widgets.content_view_1 |work=Scenta |date=15 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071127164824/http://www.scenta.co.uk/scenta/news.cfm?cit_id=1432293&FAArea1=widgets.content_view_1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 27 November 2007}}</ref>
  
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The project has drawn comparisons to [[Daniel Ellsberg]]'s leaking of the [[Pentagon Papers]] in 1971.<ref name=LinuxworldWikileaks1>[[Scott Bradner]] [http://www.linuxworld.com.au/index.php/id;1264532314;fp;2;fpid;1 "WikiLeaks: a site for exposure"], [[LinuxWorld.com|Linuxworld]], 18 January 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.</ref> In the United States, the leaking of some documents may be legally protected. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled that the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] guarantees anonymity, at least in the area of [[political discourse]].<ref name=LinuxworldWikileaks1/> Author and journalist [[Whitley Strieber]] has spoken about the benefits of the WikiLeaks project, noting that "Leaking a government document can mean jail, but jail sentences for this can be fairly short. However, there are many places where it means long incarceration or even death, such as China and parts of Africa and the Middle East."<ref>{{cite news |author=Staff Reports |title=Whistleblower Website Coming |url=http://www.freemarketnews.com/WorldNews.asp?nid=31640 |work=Free-Market News Network |date=18 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
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The project has drawn comparisons to [[Wikipedia:Daniel Ellsberg|Daniel Ellsberg]]'s leaking of the [[Wikipedia:Pentagon Papers|Pentagon Papers]] in 1971.<ref name=LinuxworldWikileaks1>[[Scott Bradner]] [http://www.linuxworld.com.au/index.php/id;1264532314;fp;2;fpid;1 "WikiLeaks: a site for exposure"], [[LinuxWorld.com|Linuxworld]], 18 January 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.</ref> In the United States, the leaking of some documents may be legally protected. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled that the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] guarantees anonymity, at least in the area of [[political discourse]].<ref name=LinuxworldWikileaks1/> Author and journalist [[Whitley Strieber]] has spoken about the benefits of the WikiLeaks project, noting that "Leaking a government document can mean jail, but jail sentences for this can be fairly short. However, there are many places where it means long incarceration or even death, such as China and parts of Africa and the Middle East."<ref>{{cite web |author=Staff Reports |title=Whistleblower Website Coming |url=http://www.freemarketnews.com/WorldNews.asp?nid=31640 |work=Free-Market News Network |date=18 January 2007 |accessdate=28 February 2008}} ''dead link reported''</ref>
  
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On 24 December 2009, WikiLeaks announced that it was experiencing a shortage of funds<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/6995068005 |title=twitter.com/wikiLeaks at 1.24&nbsp;am 24&nbsp;Dec 2009 |publisher=Twitter |date=24 December 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> and suspended all access to its website except for a form to submit new material.<ref name="Wikileaks is overloaded">{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/ |title=Wikileaks is overloaded |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 31 December 2009}} "To concentrate on raising the funds necessary to keep us alive into 2010, we have reluctantly suspended all other operations, but will be back soon."[http://wikileaks.org/ wikileaks.org]</ref> Material that was previously published was no longer available, although some could still be accessed on unofficial mirrors.<ref name="Wikileaks Mirror">{{cite web |url=http://mirror.wikileaks.info/ |title=Wikileaks Mirror |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 13 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="Another Wikileaks Mirror">{{cite web |url=http://mirror.infoboj.eu/ |title=Another Wikileaks Mirror |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 13 February 2010}}</ref> WikiLeaks stated on its website that it would resume full operation once the operational costs were covered.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/ |title=WikiLeaks is overloaded |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 17 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last= Butselaar |first=Emily |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jan/29/wikileaks-shut-down |title=Dig deep for WikiLeaks |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=29 January 2010 |accessdate = 30 January 2010 |location=London}}</ref> WikiLeaks saw this as a kind of strike "to ensure that everyone who is involved stops normal work and actually spends time raising revenue".<ref name="leakonomy">Interview with Julian Assange, spokesperson of Wikileaks: [http://stefanmey.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/leak-o-nomy-the-economy-of-wikileaks/ ''Leak-o-nomy: The Economy of Wikileaks''].</ref>
+
On 24 December 2009, WikiLeaks announced that it was experiencing a shortage of funds<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/6995068005 |title=twitter.com/wikiLeaks at 1.24&nbsp;am 24&nbsp;Dec 2009 |publisher=Twitter |date=24 December 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> and suspended all access to its website except for a form to submit new material.<ref name="Wikileaks is overloaded">{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/ |title=Wikileaks is overloaded |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 31 December 2009}} "To concentrate on raising the funds necessary to keep us alive into 2010, we have reluctantly suspended all other operations, but will be back soon."[http://wikileaks.org/ wikileaks.org]</ref> Material that was previously published was no longer available, although some could still be accessed on unofficial mirrors.<ref name="Wikileaks Mirror">{{cite web |url=http://mirror.wikileaks.info/ |title=Wikileaks Mirror |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 13 February 2010}}</ref><ref name="Another Wikileaks Mirror">{{cite web |url=http://mirror.infoboj.eu/ |title=Another Wikileaks Mirror |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 13 February 2010}}</ref> WikiLeaks stated on its website that it would resume full operation once the operational costs were covered.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/ |title=WikiLeaks is overloaded |work=WikiLeaks |accessdate = 17 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last= Butselaar |first=Emily |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2010/jan/29/wikileaks-shut-down |title=Dig deep for WikiLeaks |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=29 January 2010 |accessdate = 30 January 2010 |location=London}}</ref> WikiLeaks saw this as a kind of strike "to ensure that everyone who is involved stops normal work and actually spends time raising revenue".<ref name="leakonomy">Interview with Julian Assange, spokesperson of Wikileaks: [http://stefanmey.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/leak-o-nomy-the-economy-of-wikileaks/ ''Leak-o-nomy: The Economy of Wikileaks''].</ref>
 
While it was initially hoped that funds could be secured by 6 January 2010,<ref>{{cite web |author=WikiLeaks |url=http://twitter.com/wikiLeaks |title=at 7:42&nbsp;am 5&nbsp;Jan 2010 |publisher=Twitter |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> it was only on 3 February 2010 that WikiLeaks announced that its minimum fundraising goal had been achieved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/8613426708 |title=www.twitter.com/wikileaks at 3&nbsp;February&nbsp;5.51&nbsp;pm |publisher=Twitter |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
 
While it was initially hoped that funds could be secured by 6 January 2010,<ref>{{cite web |author=WikiLeaks |url=http://twitter.com/wikiLeaks |title=at 7:42&nbsp;am 5&nbsp;Jan 2010 |publisher=Twitter |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> it was only on 3 February 2010 that WikiLeaks announced that its minimum fundraising goal had been achieved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/8613426708 |title=www.twitter.com/wikileaks at 3&nbsp;February&nbsp;5.51&nbsp;pm |publisher=Twitter |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
  
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On 18 May 2010, WikiLeaks announced that its website and archive were back up.<ref>[https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/14270362566].</ref>
 
On 18 May 2010, WikiLeaks announced that its website and archive were back up.<ref>[https://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/14270362566].</ref>
  
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As of June 2010, WikiLeaks was a finalist for a grant of more than half a million dollars from the [[John S. and James L. Knight Foundation]],<ref name=Khatchadourian>[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all No Secrets], by Raffi Khatchadourian, New Yorker, 7 June 2010.</ref> but did not make the cut.<ref name=Knight>{{cite news|last=Cohen |first=Noam |url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/17/knight-foundation-hands-out-grants-to-12-groups-but-not-wikileaks/ |title=Knight Foundation Hands Out Grants to 12 Groups, but Not WikiLeaks - Media Decoder Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com |date=17 June 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> WikiLeaks commented, "WikiLeaks was highest rated project in the Knight challenge, strongly recommended to the board but gets no funding. Go figure”. WikiLeaks said that the Knight foundation announced the award to "'12 Grantees who will impact future of news'&nbsp;– but not WikiLeaks" and questioned whether Knight foundation was "really looking for impact".<ref name=Knight/> A spokesman of the Knight Foundation disputed parts of WikiLeaks' statement, saying "WikiLeaks was not recommended by Knight staff to the board."<ref name=yahoo>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews/20100617/ts_ynews/ynews_ts2677_3 WikiLeaks questions why it was rejected for Knight grant] Yahoo! News, 17 June 2010</ref> However, he declined to say whether WikiLeaks was the project rated highest by the Knight advisory panel, which consists of non-staffers, among them journalist [[Jennifer 8. Lee]], who has done PR work for WikiLeaks with the press and on social networking sites.<ref name=yahoo/>
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As of June 2010, WikiLeaks was a finalist for a grant of more than half a million dollars from the [[John S. and James L. Knight Foundation]],<ref name=Khatchadourian>[http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/06/07/100607fa_fact_khatchadourian?currentPage=all No Secrets], by Raffi Khatchadourian, New Yorker, 7 June 2010.</ref> but did not make the cut.<ref name=Knight>{{cite web|last=Cohen |first=Noam |url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/17/knight-foundation-hands-out-grants-to-12-groups-but-not-wikileaks/ |title=Knight Foundation Hands Out Grants to 12 Groups, but Not WikiLeaks - Media Decoder Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com |date=17 June 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> WikiLeaks commented, "WikiLeaks was highest rated project in the Knight challenge, strongly recommended to the board but gets no funding. Go figure”. WikiLeaks said that the Knight foundation announced the award to "'12 Grantees who will impact future of news'&nbsp;– but not WikiLeaks" and questioned whether Knight foundation was "really looking for impact".<ref name=Knight/> A spokesman of the Knight Foundation disputed parts of WikiLeaks' statement, saying "WikiLeaks was not recommended by Knight staff to the board."<ref name=yahoo>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews/20100617/ts_ynews/ynews_ts2677_3 WikiLeaks questions why it was rejected for Knight grant] Yahoo! News, 17 June 2010</ref> However, he declined to say whether WikiLeaks was the project rated highest by the Knight advisory panel, which consists of non-staffers, among them journalist [[Jennifer 8. Lee]], who has done PR work for WikiLeaks with the press and on social networking sites.<ref name=yahoo/>
  
 
On 17 July [[Jacob Appelbaum]] spoke on behalf of WikiLeaks at the 2010 [[Hackers on Planet Earth]] conference in New York City, replacing Assange because of the presence of federal agents at the conference.<ref name=repair/><ref>{{cite web|last=McCullagh |first=Declan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-20010861-83.html |title=Feds look for WikiLeaks founder at NYC hacker event &#124; Security – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=16 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> He announced that the WikiLeaks submission system was again up and running, after it had been temporarily suspended.<ref name=repair>{{cite web|author=<!--start post navigation--> Previous post Next post |url=http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/07/wikileaks_repair/ |title=Wikileaks Reopens for Leakers &#124; Threat Level |publisher=Wired.com |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1ebTGiyaQQ2HSCOpqsD8GD7x_7IBqkeYZ4jfEJ_rYeFQ Jacob Appelbaum WikiLeaks Next HOPE Keynote Transcript – 07/17/10<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Assange was a surprise speaker at a TED conference on 19 July 2010 in Oxford, and confirmed that WikiLeaks was now accepting submissions again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ted.com/2010/07/surprise_speake.php |title=Surprise speaker at TEDGlobal: Julian Assange in Session 12 |publisher=Blog.ted.com |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geekosystem.com/wikileaks-julian-assange-ted/ |title=Julian Assange – TED Talk – WikiLeaks |publisher=Geekosystem |date=19 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>
 
On 17 July [[Jacob Appelbaum]] spoke on behalf of WikiLeaks at the 2010 [[Hackers on Planet Earth]] conference in New York City, replacing Assange because of the presence of federal agents at the conference.<ref name=repair/><ref>{{cite web|last=McCullagh |first=Declan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-20010861-83.html |title=Feds look for WikiLeaks founder at NYC hacker event &#124; Security – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=16 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> He announced that the WikiLeaks submission system was again up and running, after it had been temporarily suspended.<ref name=repair>{{cite web|author=<!--start post navigation--> Previous post Next post |url=http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/07/wikileaks_repair/ |title=Wikileaks Reopens for Leakers &#124; Threat Level |publisher=Wired.com |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/document/pub?id=1ebTGiyaQQ2HSCOpqsD8GD7x_7IBqkeYZ4jfEJ_rYeFQ Jacob Appelbaum WikiLeaks Next HOPE Keynote Transcript – 07/17/10<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Assange was a surprise speaker at a TED conference on 19 July 2010 in Oxford, and confirmed that WikiLeaks was now accepting submissions again.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ted.com/2010/07/surprise_speake.php |title=Surprise speaker at TEDGlobal: Julian Assange in Session 12 |publisher=Blog.ted.com |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geekosystem.com/wikileaks-julian-assange-ted/ |title=Julian Assange – TED Talk – WikiLeaks |publisher=Geekosystem |date=19 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>
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Upon returning to the U.S. from the Netherlands, on 29 July, Appelbaum was detained for three hours at the airport by U.S. agents, according to anonymous sources.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/> The sources told ''[[Cnet]]'' that Appelbaum's bag was searched, receipts from his bag were photocopied, his laptop was inspected, although in what manner was unclear.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/> Appelbaum reportedly refused to answer questions without a lawyer present, and was not allowed to make a phone call. His three mobile phones were reportedly taken and not returned.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport>{{cite web|last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20012253-245.html |title=Researcher detained at U.S. border, questioned about WikiLeaks &#124; InSecurity Complex – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=28 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> On 31 July, he spoke at a [[DEF CON|Defcon]] conference and mentioned his phone being "seized". After speaking, he was approached by two [[FBI]] agents and questioned.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/>
 
Upon returning to the U.S. from the Netherlands, on 29 July, Appelbaum was detained for three hours at the airport by U.S. agents, according to anonymous sources.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/> The sources told ''[[Cnet]]'' that Appelbaum's bag was searched, receipts from his bag were photocopied, his laptop was inspected, although in what manner was unclear.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/> Appelbaum reportedly refused to answer questions without a lawyer present, and was not allowed to make a phone call. His three mobile phones were reportedly taken and not returned.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport>{{cite web|last=Mills |first=Elinor |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20012253-245.html |title=Researcher detained at U.S. border, questioned about WikiLeaks &#124; InSecurity Complex – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=28 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> On 31 July, he spoke at a [[DEF CON|Defcon]] conference and mentioned his phone being "seized". After speaking, he was approached by two [[FBI]] agents and questioned.<ref name=AppelbaumAirport/>
  
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==Administration==
 
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According to a January 2010 interview, the WikiLeaks team then consisted of five people working full-time and about 800 people who worked occasionally, none of whom were compensated.<ref name="leakonomy"/> WikiLeaks has no official headquarters. The expenses per year are about €200,000, mainly for servers and [[bureaucracy]], but would reach €600,000 if work currently done by volunteers were paid for.<ref name="leakonomy"/> WikiLeaks does not pay for lawyers, as hundreds of thousands of dollars in legal support have been donated by media organisations such as the [[Associated Press]], ''[[The Los Angeles Times]]'', and the [[National Newspaper Publishers Association]].<ref name="leakonomy"/> Its only revenue stream is donations, but WikiLeaks is planning to add an auction model to sell early access to documents.<ref name="leakonomy"/> According to the [[Wau Holland]] Foundation, WikiLeaks receives no money for personnel costs, only for hardware, travelling and bandwidth.<ref name=techeye>{{cite web|url=http://www.techeye.net/internet/wau-holland-foundation-sheds-light-on-wikileaks-donations#ixzz0td0dXhBx |title=Wau Holland Foundation sheds light on WikiLeaks donations – Hardware, ISP, travelling costs |publisher=TechEye |date=13 July 2010 |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref> An article in TechEYE.net wrote {{quote|As a charity accountable under German law, donations for WikiLeaks can be made to the foundation. Funds are held in escrow and are given to WikiLeaks after the whistleblower website files an application containing a statement with proof of payment. The foundation does not pay any sort of salary nor give any renumeration {{sic}} to WikiLeaks' personnel, corroborating the statement of the site's German representative Daniel Schmitt (real name Daniel Domscheit-Berg)<ref>{{cite web|author=Theunis Bates Contributor |url=http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/wiklleaks-woes-grow-as-spokesman-quits-site/19651296?test=latestnews |title=WikiLeaks' Woes Grow as Spokesman Quits Site |publisher=Aolnews.com |date= |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> on national television that all personnel works voluntarily, even its speakers.<ref name=techeye/>}}
 
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===Site management issues===
 
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There has been public disagreement between [[Julian Assange]] and Daniel Domscheit-Berg, who was suspended by Assange and on 28 September announced he would leave the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5isHwFGCcbgxypyBe_STcUdqToASwD9IIGLF00?docId=D9IIGLF00 |title=WikiLeaks chief lashes out at media during debate |publisher=Google |date=30 September 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2010}}{{dead link|date=November 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2010/09/28/businessinsider-wikileaks-spokesman-quits.DTL "WikiLeaks Spokesman Quits, Blasts Founder Julian Assange As Paranoid Control Freak, Admits To Using Fake Name", by Henry Blodget], 28 September 2010, [[San Francisco Chronicle]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/wikileaks-woes-grow-as-spokesman-quits-site/19651296 |title=WikiLeaks' Woes Grow as Spokesman Quits Site |publisher=Aolnews.com |date= |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> In October 2010, it was reported that [[Moneybookers]], which collected donations for WikiLeaks, had ended its relationship with the site. Moneybookers stated that its decision had been made "to comply with money laundering or other investigations conducted by government authorities, agencies or commissions."<ref name="moneybookers">{{cite news |title= WikiLeaks donation site shutdown by operator|author=Benson, Pam |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/10/15/wikileaks.donation.site/?hpt=T2|date=16 October 2010}}</ref>
 
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===Hosting===
 
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WikiLeaks describes itself as “an uncensorable system for untraceable mass document leaking”. WikiLeaks is hosted by [[PRQ]], a Sweden-based company providing “highly secure, no-questions-asked hosting services.” PRQ is said to have “almost no information about its clientele and maintains few if any of its own [[server log|logs]].” The servers are spread around the world with the central server located in Sweden.<ref name="DN1">{{cite news |title={{Sv icon}} Jagad och hatad – men han vägrar vika sig |author=Fredén, Jonas |newspaper=[[Dagens Nyheter]] |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/jagad-och-hatad-men-han-vagrar-vika-sig-1.1153725|date=14 August 2010}}</ref> Julian Assange has said that the servers are located in Sweden (and the other countries) "specifically because those nations offer legal protection to the disclosures made on the site". He talks about the [[Constitution of Sweden|Swedish constitution]], which gives the information providers total legal protection.<ref name="DN1" /> It is forbidden according to Swedish law for any administrative authority to make inquiries about the sources of any type of newspaper.<ref>{{cite news |title={{Sv icon}} Därför blir Julian Assange kolumnist i Aftonbladet |author=Helin, Jan |newspaper=[[Aftonbladet]]|date=14 August 2010 |url=http://blogg.aftonbladet.se/janhelin/2010/08/darfor-blir-julian-assange-kolumnist-i-aftonbladet |accessdate=15 August 2010}}</ref> These laws, and the hosting by PRQ, make it difficult to take WikiLeaks offline. Furthermore, "Wikileaks maintains its own servers at undisclosed locations, keeps no logs and uses military-grade [[encryption]] to protect sources and other confidential information." Such arrangements have been called "[[bulletproof hosting]]."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/02/21/wikileaks_bulletproof_hosting/ |title=Wikileaks judge gets Pirate Bay treatment | first = Dan | last = Goodin |publisher=The Register |date=21 February 2008 |accessdate=13 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/07/25/what-is-wikileaks/?iref=storysearch |title=What is Wikileaks? |publisher=CNN |date=25 July 2010 |accessdate=6 August 2010}}</ref>
 
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On 17 August 2010, it was announced that the Swedish [[Pirate Party (Sweden)|Pirate Party]] will be hosting and managing many of WikiLeaks' new servers. The party donates servers and bandwidth to WikiLeaks without charge. Technicians of the party will make sure that the servers are maintained and working.<ref>{{cite web|author=TT |url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/piratpartiet-skoter-wikileak-servrar-1.1155285 |title=Piratpartiet sköter Wikileak-servrar |language={{sv icon}} |publisher=DN.se |date=17 August 2010 |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Swedish Pirate Party to host WikiLeaks servers|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/08/18/sweden.wikileaks/#fbid=zfd5Igi2Lea&wom=false|accessdate=21 August 2010|publisher=CNN|date=18 August 2010}}</ref>
 
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Some servers are hosted in the converted former NATO nuclear bunker [[CyberBunker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=&nm=&type=news&mod=News&mid=9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier=3&nid=8AD4A8A7D99D4BA2899337993BED519D |title=WikiLeaks moves servers to underground data center in nuclear bunker |publisher=Datacenter Dynamics |date=3 September 2010 |accessdate=29 November 2010}}</ref>
 
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After the site became the target of a [[denial-of-service]] attack from a hacker on its old servers, WikiLeaks moved its site to [[Amazon.com|Amazon]]'s servers.<ref name="amazon">{{cite web|last= Gross|first=Doug|title=WikiLeaks cut off from Amazon servers|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/US/12/01/wikileaks.amazon/index.html?eref=edition|publisher=CNN|accessdate=2 December 2010}}</ref> Later, however, the website was "ousted"<ref name="amazon" /> from the Amazon servers, without a public statement from the company. WikiLeaks then decided to install itself on the servers of OVH in [[France]].<ref>{{fr}} http://www.lepoint.fr/high-tech-internet/expulse-d-amazon-wikileaks-s-installe-en-france-02-12-2010-1270137_47.php</ref>
 
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WikiLeaks is based on several software packages, including [[MediaWiki]], [[Freenet]], [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]], and [[Pretty Good Privacy|PGP]].<ref>{{cite web |author=|title= Is WikiLeaks accessible across the globe or do oppressive regimes in certain countries block the site? |url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Is_Wikileaks_accessible_across_the_globe_or_do_oppressive_regimes_in_certain_countries_block_the_site.3F |work=WikiLeaks |year=2008 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080216000537/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#Is_Wikileaks_accessible_across_the_globe_or_do_oppressive_regimes_in_certain_countries_block_the_site.3F <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 February 2008}}</ref> WikiLeaks strongly encouraged postings via [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] because of the strong privacy needs of its users.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freehaven.net/anonbib/cache/wpes09-bridge-attack.pdf |title=On the risks of serving whenever you surf |publisher=freehaven.net |format=PDF |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref>
 
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On 4 November 2010, Julian Assange told Swiss public television [[Télévision Suisse Romande|TSR]] that he is seriously considering seeking political asylum in neutral Switzerland and setting up a WikiLeaks foundation in the country to move the operation there.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tsr.ch/info/suisse/2657308-julian-assange-compte-demander-l-asile-en-suisse.html|title=Julian Assange compte demander l'asile en Suisse|publisher=TSR|date=4 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6A369920101104|title=WikiLeaks founder says may seek Swiss asylum|publisher=Reuters|date=4 November 2010}}</ref> According to Assange, Switzerland and Iceland are the only countries where WikiLeaks would feel safe to operate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.orf.at/stories/2023751/|title=WikiLeaks-Gründer erwägt Umzug in die Schweiz|publisher=ORF|date=5 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=WikiLeaks Founder to Release Thousands of Documents on Lebanon |first= |last= |newspaper=[[Al-Manar]] |date=5 November 2010 |url=http://www.almanar.com.lb/newssite/NewsDetails.aspx?id=161016&language=en |accessdate=28 November 2010}}</ref>
 
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===Name and policies===
 
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Despite using the name "WikiLeaks", the website is not [[wiki]]-based {{As of|2010|12|lc=on}}. Also, despite some popular confusion<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2010-09-06/In_the_news|title=Difficult relationship between WikiLeaks and Wikipedia|coauthors=Wackywace, HaeB, and Tony1|date=6 September 2010|work={{srlink|Wikipedia:Signpost/About|The Signpost}}|publisher=[[Wikipedia]]|accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> due to both having the term "[[wiki]]" in their names, WikiLeaks and [[Wikipedia]] have no affiliation with each other<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiLeaks_is_not_part_of_Wikipedia|title=Wikipedia:WikiLeaks is not part of Wikipedia|work=[[Wikipedia]]|publisher=[[Wikimedia Foundation]]|accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/online/wiki-giants-on-a-collision-course-over-shared-name-2065561.html|title=Wiki giants on a collision course over shared name|last1=Rawlinson|first1=Kevin |first2=Tom |last2=Peck|date=30 August 2010|work=The Independent |location=UK|accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> ("[[wiki]]" is not a [[brand name]]).
 
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The "about" page originally read: "To the user, WikiLeaks will look very much like [[Wikipedia]]. Anybody can post to it, anybody can edit it. No technical knowledge is required. Leakers can post documents anonymously and untraceably. Users can publicly discuss documents and analyze their credibility and veracity. Users can discuss interpretations and context and collaboratively formulate collective publications. Users can read and write explanatory articles on leaks along with background material and context. The political relevance of documents and their verisimilitude will be revealed by a cast of thousands."<ref>{{cite web |author=|title=What is WikiLeaks? How does WikiLeaks operate? |url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#What_is_WikiLeaks.3F_How_does_WikiLeaks_operate.3F |work=WikiLeaks |year=2008 |accessdate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080216000537/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#What_is_WikiLeaks.3F_How_does_WikiLeaks_operate.3F <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 16 February 2008}}</ref>
 
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However, WikiLeaks established an editorial policy that accepted only documents that were "of political, diplomatic, historical or ethical interest" (and excluded "material that is already publicly available").<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:Submissions |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080419013425/http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:Submissions |archivedate=19 April 2008 |title=WikiLeaks' submissions page |publisher=WikiLeaks |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref> This coincided with early criticism that having no editorial policy would drive out good material with spam and promote "automated or indiscriminate publication of confidential records."<ref>{{cite news |title=Wikileaks and untracable document disclosure |url=http://www.fas.org/blog/secrecy/2007/01/wikileaks_and_untraceable_docu.html |work=Secrecy News |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |date=3 January 2007 |accessdate=21 August 2008}}</ref> It is no longer possible for anybody to post to it or edit it, as the original FAQ promised. Instead, submissions are regulated by an internal review process and some are published, while documents not fitting the editorial criteria are rejected by anonymous WikiLeaks reviewers. By 2008, the revised FAQ stated that "Anybody can post comments to it. [...] Users can publicly discuss documents and analyze their credibility and veracity."<ref>{{cite web |author=|title=What is Wikileaks? How does Wikileaks operate? |url=http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#What_is_Wikileaks.3F_How_does_Wikileaks_operate.3F |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080504122032/http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#What_is_Wikileaks.3F_How_does_Wikileaks_operate.3F |archivedate=4 May 2008 |work=WikiLeaks |year=2008}} Archived by the [[Internet Archive]] on 4 May 2008 from the [http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Wikileaks:About#What_is_Wikileaks.3F_How_does_Wikileaks_operate.3F original]{{dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref> After the 2010 relaunch, posting new comments to leaks was no longer possible.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://motherjones.com/mojo/2010/05/wikileaks-assange-returns |title=WikiLeaks Gets A Facelift |publisher=Mother Jones |author=Dave Gilson |date=19 May 2010 |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref>
 
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===Verification of submissions===
 
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WikiLeaks states that it has never released a misattributed document. Documents are assessed before release. In response to concerns about the possibility of misleading or fraudulent leaks, WikiLeaks has stated that misleading leaks "are already well-placed in the mainstream media. WikiLeaks is of no additional assistance."<ref name=FederalTimes1>Daniel Friedman [http://www.federaltimes.com/index.php?S=2460843 "Web site aims to post government secrets"]{{dead link|date=October 2010}}, [[Federal Times]], 4 January 2007.</ref> The FAQ states that: "The simplest and most effective countermeasure is a worldwide community of informed users and editors who can scrutinize and discuss leaked documents."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wikileaks.org/faq-en |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070701115958/http://wikileaks.org/faq-en |archivedate=1 July 2007 |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=WikiLeaks |accessdate=17 June 2010}}</ref>
 
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According to statements by Assange in 2010, submitted documents are vetted by a group of five reviewers, with expertise in different fields such as language or programming, who also investigate the background of the leaker if his or her identity is known.<ref name=motherjones3>{{cite web|url=http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/04/wikileaks-julian-assange-iraq-video?page=3 |title=Inside WikiLeaks’ Leak Factory |publisher=Mother Jones |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> In that group, Assange has the final decision about the assessment of a document.<ref name=motherjones3/>
 
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=== Insurance file ===
 
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On 29 July 2010 WikiLeaks added a 1.4 GB "Insurance File" to the Afghan War Diary page. The file is [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] encrypted and has been speculated to serve as [[insurance]] in case the WikiLeaks website or its spokesman Julian Assange are incapacitated, upon which the [[passphrase]] could be published ([[Dead man's switch|q.v.]]).<ref name="wired_insurance">{{cite web|last=Zetter|first=Kim|title=WikiLeaks Posts Mysterious 'Insurance' File|url=http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/07/wikileaks-insurance-file/|publisher=Wired.com|accessdate=31 July 2010}}</ref><ref name="telegraph_dns_insuranceaes">{{cite news | first=Victoria | last=Ward | pages= | language =| title=WikiLeaks website disconnected as US company withdraws support | date=2010-12-03 | publisher=[[The Telegraph]] | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/8178457/WikiLeaks-website-disconnected-as-US-company-withdraws-support.html |accessdate=2010-12-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uhylLWl9 |archivedate=2010-12-03 |deadurl=no }}</ref> Following the first few days' release of the [[United States diplomatic cables leak|United States diplomatic cables]] starting 28 November 2010, the US television broadcaster [[CBS]] predicted that "If anything happens to Assange or the website, a key will go out to unlock the files. There would then be no way to stop the information from spreading like wildfire because so many people already have copies."<ref name="cbsnews_diplomaticbomb">{{cite news | first=Elizabeth | last=Palmer | pages= | language =| title=WikiLeaks Backup Plan Could Drop Diplomatic Bomb | date=2010-12-02 | publisher=[[CBS]] | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/12/02/eveningnews/main7111845.shtml |accessdate=2010-12-03 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5uhyqi1SX |archivedate=2010-12-03 |deadurl=no }}</ref> CBS correspondent Declan McCullagh stated, "What most folks are speculating is that the insurance file contains unreleased information that would be especially embarrassing to the U.S. government if it were released."<ref name="cbsnews_diplomaticbomb" />
 
  
 
==Investigations, censorship, and alleged harassment==
 
==Investigations, censorship, and alleged harassment==
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{{Expand section|date=December 2010}}
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''See also [[Electronic attacks on WikiLeaks]]''
  
 
===Police raid on German WikiLeaks domain holder's home===
 
===Police raid on German WikiLeaks domain holder's home===
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The home of Theodor Reppe, registrant of the German WikiLeaks domain name, wikileaks.de, was raided on 24 March 2009 after WikiLeaks released the [[Australian Communications and Media Authority]] (ACMA) [[Australian Communications and Media Authority#ACMA blacklist leaked|censorship blacklist]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hausdurchsuchung bei Inhaber der Domain wikileaks.de |language=English, translated from German |trans_title=Search of owner of the domain wikileaks.de |accessdate=21 September 2009 |url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Hausdurchsuchung-bei-Inhaber-der-Domain-wikileaks-de-Update--/meldung/135147 |archiveurl=http://www.translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Hausdurchsuchung-bei-Inhaber-der-Domain-wikileaks-de-Update--/meldung/135147&sl=auto&tl=en&history_state0=auto|archivedate=21 September 2009}}</ref> The site was not affected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/032509-wikileaks-raided-by-german.html |title=Wikileaks raided by German police |publisher=Networkworld.com |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Police_raid_home_of_Wikileaks.de_domain_owner_over_censorship_lists Police raid home of Wikileaks.de domain owner over censorship lists]{{dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Tech%2Band%2BScience/Story/STIStory_354564.html |title=Police raid Wikileaks owner |publisher=Straitstimes.com |date=25 March 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
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The home of Theodor Reppe, registrant of the German WikiLeaks domain name, wikileaks.de, was raided on 24 March 2009 after WikiLeaks released the [[Australian Communications and Media Authority]] (ACMA) [[Australian Communications and Media Authority#ACMA blacklist leaked|censorship blacklist]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hausdurchsuchung bei Inhaber der Domain wikileaks.de |language=English, translated from German |trans_title=Search of owner of the domain wikileaks.de |accessdate=21 September 2009 |url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Hausdurchsuchung-bei-Inhaber-der-Domain-wikileaks-de-Update--/meldung/135147 |archiveurl=http://www.translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/Hausdurchsuchung-bei-Inhaber-der-Domain-wikileaks-de-Update--/meldung/135147&sl=auto&tl=en&history_state0=auto|archivedate=21 September 2009}}</ref> The site was not affected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2009/032509-wikileaks-raided-by-german.html |title=Wikileaks raided by German police |publisher=Networkworld.com |date= |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://wikileaks.org/wiki/Police_raid_home_of_Wikileaks.de_domain_owner_over_censorship_lists Police raid home of Wikileaks.de domain owner over censorship lists]''dead link reported''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Tech%2Band%2BScience/Story/STIStory_354564.html |title=Police raid Wikileaks owner |publisher=Straitstimes.com |date=25 March 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
  
 
===Chinese censorship===
 
===Chinese censorship===
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===Potential future Australian censorship===
 
===Potential future Australian censorship===
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On 16 March 2009, the [[Australian Communications and Media Authority]] added WikiLeaks to their proposed blacklist of sites that will be blocked for all Australians if the mandatory internet filtering censorship scheme is implemented as planned.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/home/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11000-a-day/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1&page=-1/ |title=Banned hyperlinks could cost you $11,000 a day |work=The Age |location=Australia|date=16 March 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2009 | location=Melbourne | first=Asher | last=Moses}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Australia_secretly_censors_Wikileaks_press_release_and_Danish_Internet_censorship_list,_16_Mar_2009/ |title=Australia secretly censors Wikileaks press release and Danish Internet censorship list, 16&nbsp;Mar 2009 | publisher=WikiLeaks|date=16 March 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The blacklisting was removed 30 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor |first=Josh |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/wikileaks-removed-from-acma-blacklist-339307604.htm |title=Wikileaks removed from ACMA blacklist – Communications – News |publisher=Zdnet.com.au |date=17 March 2009 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
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On 16 March 2009, the [[Australian Communications and Media Authority]] added WikiLeaks to their proposed blacklist of sites that will be blocked for all Australians if the mandatory internet filtering censorship scheme is implemented as planned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/home/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11000-a-day/2009/03/17/1237054787635.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1&page=-1/ |title=Banned hyperlinks could cost you $11,000 a day |work=The Age |location=Australia|date=16 March 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2009 | location=Melbourne | first=Asher | last=Moses}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Australia_secretly_censors_Wikileaks_press_release_and_Danish_Internet_censorship_list,_16_Mar_2009/ |title=Australia secretly censors Wikileaks press release and Danish Internet censorship list, 16&nbsp;Mar 2009 | publisher=WikiLeaks|date=16 March 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2009}}''dead link reported''</ref> The blacklisting was removed 30 November 2010.<ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor |first=Josh |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/wikileaks-removed-from-acma-blacklist-339307604.htm |title=Wikileaks removed from ACMA blacklist – Communications – News |publisher=Zdnet.com.au |date=17 March 2009 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
  
 
===Thai censorship===
 
===Thai censorship===
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The Centre for the Resolution of the Emergency Situation (CRES) is currently censoring the website WikiLeaks in Thailand<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/391577-thailand-blocks-access-to-wikileaks-website/ |title=Thailand blocks access to WikiLeaks website | publisher=Thai Visa|date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=Bangkok}}</ref> and more than 40,000 other webpages<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703824304575435170175485654.html?mod=googlenews_wsj |title=Thai Groups Denounce Website Censorship |work=The Wall Street Journal date=17 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=USA | first=Patrick | last=Barta}}</ref> because of the emergency decree in Thailand imposed as a result of political instabilities (Emergency decree declared beginning of April 2010<ref>{{cite news|http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/world/asia/07thailand.html |title=Citing Instability, Thailand Extends Emergency Decree |work=New York Times |date=6 July 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=USA}}</ref>). When trying to access the WikiLeaks website, internet users are redirected to [http://58.97.5.29/www.capothai.org/ this webpage].
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The Centre for the Resolution of the Emergency Situation (CRES) is currently censoring the website WikiLeaks in Thailand<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/391577-thailand-blocks-access-to-wikileaks-website/ |title=Thailand blocks access to WikiLeaks website | publisher=Thai Visa|date=18 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=Bangkok}}</ref> and more than 40,000 other webpages<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703824304575435170175485654.html?mod=googlenews_wsj |title=Thai Groups Denounce Website Censorship |work=The Wall Street Journal date=17 August 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=USA | first=Patrick | last=Barta}}</ref> because of the emergency decree in Thailand imposed as a result of political instabilities (Emergency decree declared beginning of April 2010<ref>{{cite web|http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/world/asia/07thailand.html |title=Citing Instability, Thailand Extends Emergency Decree |work=New York Times |date=6 July 2010 |accessdate=25 August 2010 | location=USA}}</ref>). When trying to access the WikiLeaks website, internet users are redirected to [http://58.97.5.29/www.capothai.org/ this webpage].
  
 
===Alleged harassment and surveillance===
 
===Alleged harassment and surveillance===
 
According to ''[[The Times]]'', WikiLeaks and its members have complained about continuing harassment and surveillance by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, including extended detention, seizure of computers, veiled threats, “covert following and hidden photography.”<ref name=campbell/>
 
According to ''[[The Times]]'', WikiLeaks and its members have complained about continuing harassment and surveillance by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, including extended detention, seizure of computers, veiled threats, “covert following and hidden photography.”<ref name=campbell/>
  
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After the release of the [[12 July 2007 Baghdad airstrike|2007 airstrikes video]] and as they prepared to release film of the [[Granai airstrike]], Julian Assange has said that his group of volunteers came under intense surveillance. In an interview and Twitter posts he said that a restaurant in [[Reykjavik]] where his group of volunteers met came under surveillance in March; there was "covert following and hidden photography" by police and foreign intelligence services; that an apparent British intelligence agent made thinly veiled threats in a Luxembourg car park; and that one of the volunteers was detained by police for 21 hours. Another volunteer posted that computers were seized, saying "If anything happens to us, you know why ... and you know who is responsible."<ref name=campbell>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article7094234.ece|title=Whistleblowers on US ‘massacre’ fear CIA stalkers|date=11 April 2010|work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |author=Matthew Campbell | location=London}}</ref> According to the [[Columbia Journalism Review]], "the Icelandic press took a look at Assange’s charges of being surveilled in Iceland [...] and, at best, have found nothing to substantiate them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/thin_ice.php |title=Thin Ice |publisher=CJR |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>
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After the release of the [[12 July 2007 Baghdad airstrike|2007 airstrikes video]] and as they prepared to release film of the [[Granai airstrike]], Julian Assange has said that his group of volunteers came under intense surveillance. In an interview and Twitter posts he said that a restaurant in [[Reykjavik]] where his group of volunteers met came under surveillance in March; there was "covert following and hidden photography" by police and foreign intelligence services; that an apparent British intelligence agent made thinly veiled threats in a Luxembourg car park; and that one of the volunteers was detained by police for 21 hours. Another volunteer posted that computers were seized, saying "If anything happens to us, you know why ... and you know who is responsible."<ref name=campbell>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article7094234.ece|title=Whistleblowers on US ‘massacre’ fear CIA stalkers|date=11 April 2010|work=The Sunday Times |location=UK |author=Matthew Campbell | location=London}}</ref> According to the [[Columbia Journalism Review]], "the Icelandic press took a look at Assange’s charges of being surveilled in Iceland [...] and, at best, have found nothing to substantiate them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/thin_ice.php |title=Thin Ice |publisher=CJR |date= |accessdate=1 August 2010}}</ref>
  
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WikiLeaks has claimed that Facebook deleted their fan page, which had 30,000 fans.<ref name="WikiLeaks-Twitter-Announcement-Facebook">{{cite web | url = http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/12558544922 | title = Twitter / WikiLeaks: Facebook deletes WikiLeaks fanclub with 30k fans |publisher=Twitter | date = 20 April 2010 | accessdate = 22 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=WikiLeaks claims Facebook deleted its page, 30000 fans |url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/wikileaks-claims-facebook-deleted-its-page-30000-fans/story-e6frfro0-1225856489723 |publisher=News.com.au |date=21 April 2010 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Wikileaks Claims Facebook Deleted Their Fan Page Because They "Promote Illegal Acts" |url=http://gawker.com/5520933/wikileaks-claims-facebook-deleted-their-fan-page-because-they-promote-illegal-acts |publisher=Gawker |date=20 April 2010 |accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Wikileaks Fan Page Pulled Down for Being "Inauthentic," Says Facebook |url=http://techpresident.com/blog-entry/wikileaks-fan-page-pulled-down-being-inauthentic-says-facebook |publisher=techPresident |date=21 April 2010 |accessdate=22 April 2010}}</ref>
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WikiLeaks has claimed that Facebook deleted their fan page, which had 30,000 fans.<ref name="WikiLeaks-Twitter-Announcement-Facebook">{{cite web | url = http://twitter.com/wikileaks/status/12558544922 | title = Twitter / WikiLeaks: Facebook deletes WikiLeaks fanclub with 30k fans |publisher=Twitter | date = 20 April 2010 | accessdate = 22 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WikiLeaks claims Facebook deleted its page, 30000 fans |url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/wikileaks-claims-facebook-deleted-its-page-30000-fans/story-e6frfro0-1225856489723 |publisher=News.com.au |date=21 April 2010 |accessdate=23 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikileaks Claims Facebook Deleted Their Fan Page Because They "Promote Illegal Acts" |url=http://gawker.com/5520933/wikileaks-claims-facebook-deleted-their-fan-page-because-they-promote-illegal-acts |publisher=Gawker |date=20 April 2010 |accessdate=21 April 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikileaks Fan Page Pulled Down for Being "Inauthentic," Says Facebook |url=http://techpresident.com/blog-entry/wikileaks-fan-page-pulled-down-being-inauthentic-says-facebook |publisher=techPresident |date=21 April 2010 |accessdate=22 April 2010}}</ref>
  
 
===United States===
 
===United States===
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===Iceland===
 
===Iceland===
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In August 2009, [[Kaupthing]], a large bank, succeeded in obtaining a court order gagging Iceland’s national broadcaster, [[RUV]], from broadcasting a risk analysis report showing the bank's substantial exposure to debt default risk. This information had been leaked by a whistleblower to WikiLeaks and remained available on the WikiLeaks site; faced with an injunction minutes before broadcast the channel ran with a screen grab of the WikiLeaks site instead of the scheduled piece on the bank. Citizens of Iceland felt outraged that RUV was prevented from broadcasting news of relevance.<ref>AP News, 2009, "Iceland Court Lifts Gag Order After Public Outrage," http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Iceland+court+lifts+gag+order+after+public+outrage-a01611956752</ref> Therefore, WikiLeaks has been credited with inspiring the [[Icelandic Modern Media Initiative]], a bill meant to reclaim Iceland's 2007 ''[[Reporters sans frontières]]'' ranking as first in the world for free speech. It aims to enact a range of protections for sources, journalists, and publishers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8510927.stm|title=
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In August 2009, [[Kaupthing]], a large bank, succeeded in obtaining a court order gagging Iceland’s national broadcaster, [[RUV]], from broadcasting a risk analysis report showing the bank's substantial exposure to debt default risk. This information had been leaked by a whistleblower to WikiLeaks and remained available on the WikiLeaks site; faced with an injunction minutes before broadcast the channel ran with a screen grab of the WikiLeaks site instead of the scheduled piece on the bank. Citizens of Iceland felt outraged that RUV was prevented from broadcasting news of relevance.<ref>AP News, 2009, "Iceland Court Lifts Gag Order After Public Outrage," http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Iceland+court+lifts+gag+order+after+public+outrage-a01611956752</ref> Therefore, WikiLeaks has been credited with inspiring the [[Icelandic Modern Media Initiative]], a bill meant to reclaim Iceland's 2007 ''[[Reporters sans frontières]]'' ranking as first in the world for free speech. It aims to enact a range of protections for sources, journalists, and publishers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8510927.stm|title=
 
Iceland's journalism freedom dream prompted by Wikileaks|publisher=BBC|date=13 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://immi.is/?l=en|title=Icelandic Modern Media Initiative|publisher=immi.is}}</ref> [[Birgitta Jónsdóttir]], a former volunteer for WikiLeaks and member the Icelandic parliament, is the chief sponsor of the proposal.
 
Iceland's journalism freedom dream prompted by Wikileaks|publisher=BBC|date=13 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://immi.is/?l=en|title=Icelandic Modern Media Initiative|publisher=immi.is}}</ref> [[Birgitta Jónsdóttir]], a former volunteer for WikiLeaks and member the Icelandic parliament, is the chief sponsor of the proposal.
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{{Clear}}
 
  
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==Reception==
 
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===Support===
 
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In July 2010 [[Veterans for Peace]] president Mike Ferner editorialized on the group's website "neither Wikileaks nor the soldier or soldiers who divulged the documents should be prosecuted for revealing this information. We should give them a medal."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veteransforpeace.org/Wikileaks_will_spark_resistance.vp.html |title=Wikileaks revelations will spark massive resistance to Afghanistan War |publisher=Veterans For Peace |date=27 July 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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Documentary filmmaker [[John Pilger]] wrote an August 2010 editorial in the Australian publication ''[[Green Left Weekly|Green Left]]'' titled "Wikileaks Must Be Defended." In it, Pilger said WikiLeaks represented the interests of "public accountability" and a new form of journalism at odds with "the dominant section ... devoted merely to taking down what cynical and malign power tells it."<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/45225 |title=John Pilger: Wikileaks must be defended &#124; Green Left Weekly |publisher=Greenleft.org.au |date=29 August 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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[[Daniel Ellsberg]] has been a frequent defender of WikiLeaks. Following the November 2010 release of U.S. [[diplomatic cables]], Ellsberg rejected criticism that the site was endangering the lives of U.S. military personnel and intelligence assets stating "not one single soldier or informant has been in danger from any of the WikiLeaks releases. That risk has been largely overblown."<ref>{{cite web|author=Get your FREE! Nation User Name |url=http://www.thenation.com/blog/156709/greg-mitchell-and-daniel-ellsberg-wikileaks-document-dump |title=Greg Mitchell and Daniel Ellsberg on the WikiLeaks Document Dump |publisher=The Nation |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> Ellsberg went on to note that government claims to the contrary were "a script that they roll out every time there's a leak of any sort."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-11879951 |title=BBC News – WikiLeaks: view of man behind Pentagon Papers leak |publisher=BBC News |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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====Awards received====
 
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In 2008 [[Index on Censorship]] presented WikiLeaks with their inaugural Economist New Media Award.
 
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In 2009 Amnesty International awarded WikiLeaks their Media Award for exposing "extra judicial killings and disappearances" in Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/jun/03/amnesty-international-media-awards |title=Amnesty International Media Awards 2009: full list of winners &#124; Media &#124; guardian.co.uk |work=Guardian |location=UK |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
−
 
−
====Praise by governments====
 
−
In late November 2010 a representative of the [[government of Ecuador]] made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated "we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums."<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=197327 Ecuador offers asylum to WikiLeaks founder] [[Jerusalem Post]] 11/30/2010</ref> Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them "[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information."<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/11/2010113033515743921.html Ecuador offers refuge to Assange] 30 Nov 2010 [[Al Jazeera]]</ref> The following day, however, president [[Rafael Correa]] distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf. Correa then criticized Assange for "breaking the laws of the United States and leaking this type of information."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.mobile.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE6AT66820101201 |title=Ecuador backs off offer to WikiLeaks' Assange |publisher=Us.mobile.reuters.com |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
−
 
−
[[Hugo Chávez]], president of Venezuela, stated his support for WikiLeaks following the release of U.S. [[diplomatic cables]] in November 2010 that showed the United States had tried to rally support from regional governments to isolate Venezuela. “I have to congratulate the people of WikiLeaks for their bravery and courage,” Chávez commented in televised remarks.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cancel |first=Daniel |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-11-30/chavez-praises-wikileaks-for-bravery-while-calling-on-clinton-to-resign.html |title=Chavez Praises Wikileaks for `Bravery' While Calling on Clinton to Resign |publisher=Bloomberg |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
−
 
−
===Criticism===
 
−
WikiLeaks has attracted criticism from a variety of sources.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/WikiLeaks-Website-Behind-US-Cable-Leaks-Goes-From-Humble-Start-To-Enemy-Of-Governments-Worldwide/Article/201011415837564?lpos=World_News_First_Home_Page_Feature_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15837564_WikiLeaks%3A_Website_Behind_US_Cable_Leaks_Goes_From_Humble_Start_To_Enemy_Of_Governments_Worldwide|title=WikiLeaks Revelations Get Global Prominence|date=28 November 2010|author=Richard Williams|publisher=Sky News Online}}</ref>
 
−
 
−
In 2007 John Young, operator of [[cryptome]], left his position on the WikiLeaks Board of Directors accusing the group of being a "CIA conduit." Young subsequently retreated from his assertion but has continued to be critical of the site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2009/10/start/exposed-wikileaks-secrets |title=Exposed: Wikileaks' secrets (Wired UK) |publisher=Wired.co.uk |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> In a 2010 interview with [[CNET.com]] Young accused the group of a lack of transparency regarding their fundraising and financial management. He went on to state his belief that WikiLeaks could not guarantee whistleblowers the anonymity or confidentiality they claimed and that he "would not trust them with information if it had any value, or if it put me at risk or anyone that I cared about at risk."<ref>{{cite web|last=McCullagh |first=Declan |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-20011106-281.html |title=Wikileaks' estranged co-founder becomes a critic (Q&A) &#124; Privacy Inc. – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=20 July 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
Citing the leaking of the sorority rituals of [[Alpha Sigma Tau]], [[Steven Aftergood]] has opined that WikiLeaks "does not respect the rule of law nor does it honor the rights of individuals." Aftergood went on to state that WikiLeaks engages in unrestrained disclosure of non-governmental secrets without compelling public policy reasons and that many anti-corruption activists were opposed to the site's activities.<ref>{{cite web|author=28 June 2010 |url=http://www.firstamendmentcoalition.org/2010/06/secrecy-news-criticizes-wikileaks/ |title=Secrecy News criticizes WikiLeaks |publisher=First Amendment Coalition |date=28 June 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
In 2010, [[Amnesty International]] joined several other human rights groups criticizing WikiLeaks for not adequately redacting the names of Afghan civilians working as U.S. military informants from files they had released. Julian Assange responded by offering Amnesty International staff the opportunity to assist in the document vetting process. When Amnesty International appeared to express reservations in accepting the offer, Assange dismissed the group as "people who prefer to do nothing but cover their asses." Other groups that joined Amnesty International in criticizing WikiLeaks subsequently noted that, despite their displeasure over the issue of civilian name redaction, they generally appreciated WikiLeaks work.<ref>{{cite web|last=Whalen |first=Jeanne |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703428604575419580947722558.html |title=Human Rights Groups Press WikiLeaks Over Data - WSJ.com |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=9 August 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
In an August 2010 open letter, the non-governmental organization [[Reporters Without Borders]] praised WikiLeaks' past usefulness in exposing "serious violations of human rights and civil liberties" but criticized the group over a perceived absence of editorial control, stating "indiscriminately publishing 92,000 classified reports reflects a real problem of methodology and, therefore, of credibility. Journalistic work involves the selection of information. The argument with which you defend yourself, namely that WikiLeaks is not made up of journalists, is not convincing."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/united-states-open-letter-to-wikileaks-founder-12-08-2010,38130.html |title=Reporters Sans Frontières – Open letter to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange: ‘‘A bad precedent for the Internet's future'' |publisher=En.rsf.org |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> The group subsequently clarified their statement as a criticism of WikiLeaks release procedure and not the organization itself, stating "we reaffirm our support for Wikileaks, its work and its founding principles."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.rsf.org/united-states-criticism-of-wikileaks-is-not-a-17-08-2010,38169.html |title=Reporters Sans Frontières – "Criticism of Wikileaks is not a call for censorship or support for the war" |publisher=En.rsf.org |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
On 30 November 2010, former Canadian government adviser [[Tom Flanagan (political scientist)|Tom Flanagan]], while appearing on the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]] television program "Power & Politics", called for Julian Assange to be killed. "I think Assange should be assassinated," Flanagan stated, before noting to host Evan Solomon, "I'm feeling pretty manly today." Flanagan subsequently retracted his call for the death of Assange while reiterating his opposition to WikiLeaks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/12/01/flanagan-wikileaks-assange.html |title=CBC News – Politics – Flanagan regrets WikiLeaks assassination remark |publisher=Cbc.ca |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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====Criticism by governments====
 
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Many of the governments and organizations whose files have been leaked by WikiLeaks have been critical of the organization. Following the [[#Diplomatic cables release|November 2010 release]] of United States [[diplomatic cables]], [[U.S. Secretary of State]] Hillary Clinton denounced the group saying, "this disclosure is not just an attack on America's foreign policy interests, it is an attack on the international community."<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/obama_administration_in_damage_control_JBSDPnEISQvcyu0ZfHx7XL#ixzz16kRfnGL0 |title=Secretary of State Hillary Clinton calls WikiLeaks documents 'an attack on the international community' |work=New York Post |date= |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref> [[Peter T. King|Peter King]], chairman of the Homeland Security Committee of the [[United States House of Representatives]] has stated his support for listing Wikileaks as a "foreign terrorist organization" explaining that "WikiLeaks presents a clear and present danger to the national security of the United States."<ref>{{cite news |title=Congressman wants WikiLeaks listed as terrorist group |author=Declan McCullagh |newspaper=CNet |date=28 November 2010 |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-20023941-38.html#ixzz16keYyAPb |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
[[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]], president of Iran, joined in criticism of WikiLeaks following the November 2010 release of United States diplomatic cables. Ahmadinejad claimed that the release of cables purporting to show concern with Iran by Arab states was a planned leak by the United States to discredit his government, though he did not indicate whether he believed WikiLeaks was in collusion with the United States or was simply an unwitting facilitator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/29/wikileaks-claims-psychological-warfare-ahmadinejad |title=WikiLeaks claims are 'psychological warfare' says Ahmadinejad &#124; World news |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=23 November 2010 |accessdate=1 December 2010}}</ref>
 
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−
[[Philip J. Crowley]], the current United States [[Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs]], has stated that the US State Department does not regard WikiLeaks as a legitimate media organization.[http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2010/12/152291.htm]
 
  
 
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* ويكيليكس
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Latest revision as of 07:16, 2 June 2012

See also United States diplomatic cables WikiLeak, WikiLeaks leaks and WikiLeaks: List of mirror sites and

WikiLeaks is an international non-profit media organization that publishes submissions of otherwise unavailable documents from anonymous news sources and leaks. Its website, launched in 2006, is run by The Sunshine Press.[1] Within a year of its launch, the site claimed a database that had grown to more than 1.2 million documents.[2]

The organization has described itself as having been founded by Chinese dissidents, as well as journalists, mathematicians, and start-up company technologists from the United States, Taiwan, Europe, Australia, and South Africa.[1] Newspaper articles and The New Yorker magazine describe Julian Assange, an Australian Internet activist, as its director.[3]

WikiLeaks has won a number of awards, including the 2008 Economist magazine New Media Award.[4] In June 2009, WikiLeaks and Julian Assange won Amnesty International's UK Media Award (in the category "New Media") for the 2008 publication of "Kenya: The Cry of Blood â€“ Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances",[5] a report by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights about police killings in Kenya.[6] In May 2010, the New York Daily News listed WikiLeaks first in a ranking of "websites that could totally change the news".[7]

In April 2010, WikiLeaks posted video from a 2007 incident in Baghdad in which Iraqi civilians and journalists were killed by U.S. forces, on a website called Collateral Murder. In July of the same year, WikiLeaks released Afghan War Diary, a compilation of more than 76,900 documents about the War in Afghanistan not previously available for public review.[8] In October, the group released a package of almost 400,000 documents called the Iraq War Logs in coordination with major commercial media organisations. In November, Wikileaks began releasing U.S. State department diplomatic cables.

WikiLeaks was launched as a user-editable "wiki" site and still uses MediaWiki as the content management system, but has progressively moved towards a more traditional publication model, and no longer accepts either user comments or edits.

History[edit]

The WikiLeaks website first appeared on the Internet in December 2006.[9][10] The site claims to have been "founded by Chinese dissidents, journalists, mathematicians and start-up company technologists, from the US, Taiwan, Europe, Australia and South Africa".[1] The creators of WikiLeaks have not been formally identified.[11] It has been represented in public since January 2007 by Julian Assange and others. Assange describes himself as a member of WikiLeaks' advisory board.[12] News reports in The Australian have called Assange the "founder of WikiLeaks".[13] According to Wired magazine, a volunteer said that Assange described himself in a private conversation as "the heart and soul of this organization, its founder, philosopher, spokesperson, original coder, organizer, financier, and all the rest".[14] As of June 2009, the site had over 1,200 registered volunteers[1] and listed an advisory board comprising Assange, Phillip Adams, Wang Dan, C. J. Hinke, Ben Laurie, Tashi Namgyal Khamsitsang, Xiao Qiang, Chico Whitaker and Wang Youcai.[15] Despite appearing on the list, when contacted by Mother Jones magazine in 2010, Khamsitsang said that while he received an e-mail from WikiLeaks, he had never agreed to be an advisor.[16]

WikiLeaks states that its "primary interest is in exposing oppressive regimes in Asia, the former Soviet bloc, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, but we also expect to be of assistance to people of all regions who wish to reveal unethical behavior in their governments and corporations."[1][17]

In January 2007, the website stated that it had over 1.2 million leaked documents that it was preparing to publish.[18] An article in The New Yorker said

One of the WikiLeaks activists owned a server that was being used as a node for the Tor network. Millions of secret transmissions passed through it. The activist noticed that hackers from China were using the network to gather foreign governments’ information, and began to record this traffic. Only a small fraction has ever been posted on WikiLeaks, but the initial tranche served as the site’s foundation, and Assange was able to say, "[w]e have received over one million documents from thirteen countries."[19][20]
Assange responded to the suggestion that eavesdropping on Chinese hackers played a crucial part in the early days of WikiLeaks by saying "the imputation is incorrect. The facts concern a 2006 investigation into Chinese espionage one of our contacts were involved in. Somewhere between none and handful of those documents were ever released on WikiLeaks. Non-government targets of the Chinese espionage, such as Tibetan associations were informed (by us)".[21] The group has subsequently released a number of other significant documents which have become front-page news items, ranging from documentation of equipment expenditures and holdings in the Afghanistan war to corruption in Kenya.[22]

The organization's stated goal is to ensure that whistleblowers and journalists are not jailed for emailing sensitive or classified documents, as happened to Chinese journalist Shi Tao, who was sentenced to 10 years in 2005 after publicising an email from Chinese officials about the anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre.[23]

The project has drawn comparisons to Daniel Ellsberg's leaking of the Pentagon Papers in 1971.[24] In the United States, the leaking of some documents may be legally protected. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the Constitution guarantees anonymity, at least in the area of political discourse.[24] Author and journalist Whitley Strieber has spoken about the benefits of the WikiLeaks project, noting that "Leaking a government document can mean jail, but jail sentences for this can be fairly short. However, there are many places where it means long incarceration or even death, such as China and parts of Africa and the Middle East."[25]

On 24 December 2009, WikiLeaks announced that it was experiencing a shortage of funds[26] and suspended all access to its website except for a form to submit new material.[27] Material that was previously published was no longer available, although some could still be accessed on unofficial mirrors.[28][29] WikiLeaks stated on its website that it would resume full operation once the operational costs were covered.[30][31] WikiLeaks saw this as a kind of strike "to ensure that everyone who is involved stops normal work and actually spends time raising revenue".[32] While it was initially hoped that funds could be secured by 6 January 2010,[33] it was only on 3 February 2010 that WikiLeaks announced that its minimum fundraising goal had been achieved.[34]

On 22 January 2010, PayPal suspended WikiLeaks' donation account and froze its assets. WikiLeaks said that this had happened before, and was done for "no obvious reason".[35] The account was restored on 25 January 2010.[36]

On 18 May 2010, WikiLeaks announced that its website and archive were back up.[37]

As of June 2010, WikiLeaks was a finalist for a grant of more than half a million dollars from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation,[38] but did not make the cut.[39] WikiLeaks commented, "WikiLeaks was highest rated project in the Knight challenge, strongly recommended to the board but gets no funding. Go figure”. WikiLeaks said that the Knight foundation announced the award to "'12 Grantees who will impact future of news' â€“ but not WikiLeaks" and questioned whether Knight foundation was "really looking for impact".[39] A spokesman of the Knight Foundation disputed parts of WikiLeaks' statement, saying "WikiLeaks was not recommended by Knight staff to the board."[40] However, he declined to say whether WikiLeaks was the project rated highest by the Knight advisory panel, which consists of non-staffers, among them journalist Jennifer 8. Lee, who has done PR work for WikiLeaks with the press and on social networking sites.[40]

On 17 July Jacob Appelbaum spoke on behalf of WikiLeaks at the 2010 Hackers on Planet Earth conference in New York City, replacing Assange because of the presence of federal agents at the conference.[41][42] He announced that the WikiLeaks submission system was again up and running, after it had been temporarily suspended.[41][43] Assange was a surprise speaker at a TED conference on 19 July 2010 in Oxford, and confirmed that WikiLeaks was now accepting submissions again.[44][45]

Upon returning to the U.S. from the Netherlands, on 29 July, Appelbaum was detained for three hours at the airport by U.S. agents, according to anonymous sources.[46] The sources told Cnet that Appelbaum's bag was searched, receipts from his bag were photocopied, his laptop was inspected, although in what manner was unclear.[46] Appelbaum reportedly refused to answer questions without a lawyer present, and was not allowed to make a phone call. His three mobile phones were reportedly taken and not returned.[46] On 31 July, he spoke at a Defcon conference and mentioned his phone being "seized". After speaking, he was approached by two FBI agents and questioned.[46]


Investigations, censorship, and alleged harassment[edit]

See also Electronic attacks on WikiLeaks

Police raid on German WikiLeaks domain holder's home[edit]

The home of Theodor Reppe, registrant of the German WikiLeaks domain name, wikileaks.de, was raided on 24 March 2009 after WikiLeaks released the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) censorship blacklist.[47] The site was not affected.[48][49][50]

Chinese censorship[edit]

The government of the People’s Republic of China uses its Golden Shield Project to attempt to censor every web site with "wikileaks" in the URL, including the primary .org site and the regional variations .cn and .uk. However, the site is still accessible from behind the Chinese firewall through one of the many alternative names used by the project, such as "secure.sunshinepress.org". The alternate sites change frequently, and WikiLeaks encourages users to search "wikileaks cover names" outside mainland China for the latest alternative names. Mainland search engines, including Baidu and Yahoo!, also censor references to "wikileaks".[51]

Potential future Australian censorship[edit]

On 16 March 2009, the Australian Communications and Media Authority added WikiLeaks to their proposed blacklist of sites that will be blocked for all Australians if the mandatory internet filtering censorship scheme is implemented as planned.[52][53] The blacklisting was removed 30 November 2010.[54]

Thai censorship[edit]

The Centre for the Resolution of the Emergency Situation (CRES) is currently censoring the website WikiLeaks in Thailand[55] and more than 40,000 other webpages[56] because of the emergency decree in Thailand imposed as a result of political instabilities (Emergency decree declared beginning of April 2010[57]). When trying to access the WikiLeaks website, internet users are redirected to this webpage.

Alleged harassment and surveillance[edit]

According to The Times, WikiLeaks and its members have complained about continuing harassment and surveillance by law enforcement and intelligence organizations, including extended detention, seizure of computers, veiled threats, “covert following and hidden photography.”[58]

After the release of the 2007 airstrikes video and as they prepared to release film of the Granai airstrike, Julian Assange has said that his group of volunteers came under intense surveillance. In an interview and Twitter posts he said that a restaurant in Reykjavik where his group of volunteers met came under surveillance in March; there was "covert following and hidden photography" by police and foreign intelligence services; that an apparent British intelligence agent made thinly veiled threats in a Luxembourg car park; and that one of the volunteers was detained by police for 21 hours. Another volunteer posted that computers were seized, saying "If anything happens to us, you know why ... and you know who is responsible."[58] According to the Columbia Journalism Review, "the Icelandic press took a look at Assange’s charges of being surveilled in Iceland [...] and, at best, have found nothing to substantiate them."[59]

WikiLeaks has claimed that Facebook deleted their fan page, which had 30,000 fans.[60][61][62][63]

United States[edit]

Access to WikiLeaks is currently blocked in the United States Library of Congress.[64]

Iceland[edit]

In August 2009, Kaupthing, a large bank, succeeded in obtaining a court order gagging Iceland’s national broadcaster, RUV, from broadcasting a risk analysis report showing the bank's substantial exposure to debt default risk. This information had been leaked by a whistleblower to WikiLeaks and remained available on the WikiLeaks site; faced with an injunction minutes before broadcast the channel ran with a screen grab of the WikiLeaks site instead of the scheduled piece on the bank. Citizens of Iceland felt outraged that RUV was prevented from broadcasting news of relevance.[65] Therefore, WikiLeaks has been credited with inspiring the Icelandic Modern Media Initiative, a bill meant to reclaim Iceland's 2007 Reporters sans frontières ranking as first in the world for free speech. It aims to enact a range of protections for sources, journalists, and publishers.[66][67] Birgitta Jónsdóttir, a former volunteer for WikiLeaks and member the Icelandic parliament, is the chief sponsor of the proposal.


Leaks[edit]

Full list of leaks articles


See also[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wikileaks:About. WikiLeaks. Archived from source 14 March 2008. URL accessed on 3 June 2009.
  2. ↑ Wikileaks has 1.2 million documents?. WikiLeaks. Archived from source 16 February 2008. URL accessed on 28 February 2008.
  3. ↑ McGreal, Chris. Wikileaks reveals video showing U.S. air crew shooting down Iraqi civilians, The Guardian, 5 April 2010.
  4. ↑ Winners of Index on Censorship Freedom of Expression Award Announceddead link reported 22 April 2008
  5. ↑ Kenya: The Cry of Blood â€“ Extra Judicial Killings and Disappearances, Sep 2008dead link reported WikiLeaks.
  6. ↑ Amnesty announces Media Awards 2009 winners Amnesty.org.uk, 2 June 2009
  7. ↑ Reso, Paulina 5 pioneering Web sites that could totally change the news. Daily News. URL accessed on 8 June 2010.
  8. ↑ AP Interview: WikiLeaks to publish new documents. URL accessed on 8 August 2010. dead link reported
  9. ↑ "Reportedly spurred by the leak of the Pentagon papers, Assange unveiled WikiLeaks in December 2006" WikiLeaks' War on Secrecy: Truth's Consequences. URL accessed on 4 December 2010.
  10. ↑ "In December, 2006, WikiLeaks posted its first document" No Secrets. URL accessed on 1 December 2010.
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  13. ↑ Rudd Government blacklist hacker monitors police. The Australian author=Richard Guilliatt. URL accessed on 17 June 2010.
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  18. ↑ Kearny. Wikileaks and Untraceable Document Disclosure. Now Public News. Archived from source 27 September 2007. URL accessed on 28 February 2008., Wikileaks.
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  20. ↑ Wiktionary definition of tranche. En.wiktionary.org. URL accessed on 22 October 2010.
  21. ↑ Wikileaks denies Tor hacker eavesdropping gave site its starte. The Register. URL accessed on 10 July 2010.
  22. ↑ Wikileaks Releases Secret Report on Military Equipment. The New York Sun. URL accessed on 28 February 2008.
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  25. ↑ Staff Reports. Whistleblower Website Coming. Free-Market News Network. URL accessed on 28 February 2008. dead link reported
  26. ↑ twitter.com/wikiLeaks at 1.24 am 24 Dec 2009. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  27. ↑ Wikileaks is overloaded. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 31 December 2009. "To concentrate on raising the funds necessary to keep us alive into 2010, we have reluctantly suspended all other operations, but will be back soon."wikileaks.org
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  29. ↑ Another Wikileaks Mirror. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 13 February 2010.
  30. ↑ WikiLeaks is overloaded. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 17 February 2010.
  31. ↑ Butselaar, Emily Dig deep for WikiLeaks. The Guardian. URL accessed on 30 January 2010.
  32. ↑ Interview with Julian Assange, spokesperson of Wikileaks: Leak-o-nomy: The Economy of Wikileaks.
  33. ↑ WikiLeaks. at 7:42 am 5 Jan 2010. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  34. ↑ www.twitter.com/wikileaks at 3 February 5.51 pm. Twitter. URL accessed on 30 April 2010.
  35. ↑ Paypal has again locked our.... WikiLeaks. Twitter. URL accessed on 26 January 2010.
  36. ↑ Paypal has freed up our.... WikiLeaks. Twitter. URL accessed on 26 January 2010.
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  38. ↑ No Secrets, by Raffi Khatchadourian, New Yorker, 7 June 2010.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Cohen, Noam Knight Foundation Hands Out Grants to 12 Groups, but Not WikiLeaks - Media Decoder Blog - NYTimes.com. Mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com. URL accessed on 1 August 2010.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 WikiLeaks questions why it was rejected for Knight grant Yahoo! News, 17 June 2010
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 Previous post Next post. Wikileaks Reopens for Leakers | Threat Level. Wired.com. URL accessed on 1 August 2010.
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  43. ↑ Jacob Appelbaum WikiLeaks Next HOPE Keynote Transcript – 07/17/10
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  45. ↑ Julian Assange – TED Talk – WikiLeaks. Geekosystem. URL accessed on 1 August 2010.
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  52. ↑ Moses, Asher Banned hyperlinks could cost you $11,000 a day. The Age. URL accessed on 16 March 2009.
  53. ↑ Australia secretly censors Wikileaks press release and Danish Internet censorship list, 16 Mar 2009. WikiLeaks. URL accessed on 16 March 2009.dead link reported
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  55. ↑ Thailand blocks access to WikiLeaks website. Thai Visa. URL accessed on 25 August 2010.
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  57. ↑ Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified New York Times. URL accessed on 25 August 2010.
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  62. ↑ Wikileaks Claims Facebook Deleted Their Fan Page Because They "Promote Illegal Acts". Gawker. URL accessed on 21 April 2010.
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  65. ↑ AP News, 2009, "Iceland Court Lifts Gag Order After Public Outrage," http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Iceland+court+lifts+gag+order+after+public+outrage-a01611956752
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  67. ↑ Icelandic Modern Media Initiative. immi.is.

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